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Copyright of Journal of Academic Research in Medicine is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Its incidence is increasing day by day, and the frequency of its occurrence in the reproductive periods at earlier ages has also increased. Although there is a significant increase in the number of cases diagnosed at an early age with the widespread use of screening programs, there is no standard screening program under the age of 40 years. It is possible to reduce mortality and morbidity rates due to breast cancers in the reproductive period through early screening programs, especially in patients with a family history of breast cancer or in the high-risk group. In this case report, a 27-year-old female patient, who had a family history of breast and ovarian cancer, with a diagnosis of bilateral invasive ductal carcinoma was evaluated with clinical, radiological, and surgical features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery / Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Amaç: Süper mikrovasküler görüntüleme (SMG), renkli Doppler US (CDUS) ile karşılaştırıldığında düşük hızlı kan akım sinyallerini hareket artefaktlarından ayırarak küçük damarların daha hassas bir şekilde değerlendirilmesini sağlayan yeni bir tekniktir. Yüzeyel tromboflebit (STM), Behçet sendromlu (BS) hastalarda yaygın bir bulgudur ve prokoagülan bir durumdan ziyade damar duvarının iltihabı ile ilişkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. BS'li hastaların STM lezyonlarını kontrollerle birlikte SMG kullanarak değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Yöntem: Fizik muayenede nodüler lezyonları olan 45 BS (16 K/29 E, ortalama yaş: 40,0±12,2) hastasını ve BS olmayan 10 (6 K/4 E ortalama yaş: 45,0±10,4) hastayı inceledik. B-mod US, CDUS ve SMG aynı radyolog tarafından yapıldı ve kaydedildi. Görüntüler daha sonra iki radyolog tarafından ayrı ayrı lezyon alanın ven içerip içermemesi, ven mevcutsa lümen içi trombüs varlığı, ven duvar kalınlığı ve ven duvarındaki renk kodlamalarının varlığı değerlendirildi. Her iki radyolog da teşhislere ve birbirlerinin değerlendirmelerine karşı kördü. Bulgular: On altı BS ve 3 BS olmayan hastanın nodüler lezyonlarına STM tanısı konuldu. BS'li 4 hastaya, BS olmayan 1 hastaya tromboz olmadan flebit ve kalan 20 BS ve 6 BS olmayan hastaya eritema nodozum tanısı kondu. On üç/16 (%81) STM'li BS hastasında, flebitli 1 (%25) BS hastasında görüntüleme yöntemlerinden sadece SMG ile ven duvarını çepeçevre saran halo şeklinde sinyal tespit edildi (Şekil 1). Eritema nodozumlu BS hastalarında bu bulgu gözlenmedi. BS olmayan STM'li 3 hastadan sadece 1'inde (%33) venöz halo işareti vardı. BS olmayan diğer hastaların hiçbirinde venöz halo işareti yoktu. Gözlemciler arası güvenilirlik iyiydi (κ=0,96, p<0,001). Sonuç: STM'li BS hastalarının çoğunda SMG ile damar duvarında enflamasyonla ilişkili olduğunu düşündüğümüz venöz halo bulgusu saptandı. Tanımladığımız bu bulgunun BS'ye özgüllüğünü ve önemini anlamak için daha fazla sayıda BS hastasının farklı vasküler lezyonlarının uygun kontrollerle birlikte değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 21 year old woman with continuos low abdominal pain after she admitted to the emergency department.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of oral and intralesional steroid injection in the treatment of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) cases with clinical, ultrasonography (US) and Superb microvascular imaging (SMI) findings., Methods: A total of 53 patients with newly diagnosed IGM who applied to our outpatient clinic between September 2021 and December 2022 were included. Oral steroid therapy was administered to 26 patients, while intralesional steroid therapy was administered to 27 patients. Pretreatment and postreatment difference of the affected area was compared clinically (Unresponsive to treatment: stable or progression; Partial response: <50% reduction; Near complete response: >50% reduction; Complete response: 100% reduction) and radiologically. Grey scale US (size, skin thickness) and SMI vascular index (SMIvi) for vascularization of the pathological area were noted. Recurrence and side-effect rates at the 6 months were compared., Results: No statistically significant difference was found in the efficacy of oral steroid and intralesional steroid treatment, both radiologically (P = 0.839) and clinically (P = 0.550). There was a considerable difference in size and SMIvi values before and after treatment (P < 0.001) in patients with an adequate response. There was no significant difference between the two treatment methods in terms of recurrence (P = 0.153) or side effects (P = 1)., Conclusion: Intralesional steroid was as effective as oral steroid treatment in IGM patients, and SMI is a reliable sonographic method that can be used to evaluate clinical findings, treatment response, and patient follow-up., (© 2025 The Author(s). ANZ Journal of Surgery published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.)

Purpose: This study aims to compare radiological tumor sizes obtained by mammography (MMG), ultrasonography (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with pathological sizes to determine if molecular subtypes and the presence of accompanying ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) affect accuracy., Methods: A total of 559 cases diagnosed with breast cancer in 11 different centers between 2010-2023 were included in the study. The patients' MMG, US, and MRI images were re-evaluated, and radiological findings and tumor sizes were recorded. Histological diagnosis (invasive/in-situ/mixed), receptor status, Ki-67 index, and tumor size were recorded from the pathology reports. Pathologic tumor size (pT) was accepted as the gold standard., Results: The mean pT was 21.1±14.9 (2.7-100) mm in Luminal A tumors, 20.6±12.6 (2-70) mm in Luminal B tumors, 26.3±14.7 (6-80) mm in HER-2(+) tumors, 26.3±14.7 (8-125) mm in triple (-) (TN) tumors. The highest agreement in invasive tumors was obtained with MRI (MRI r:0.831, US r:0.769, MMG r:0.650). In DCIS cases, the agreement was strong with MRI (r:0.770) and intermediate with MMG and US (r:0.517 and r:0.593, respectively). In mixed tumors, agreement was strong with MRI (r:0.817), intermediate with US (r:0.656), and low with MMG (r:0.499). Based on molecular subtypes, MRI had a strong correlation (r>0.7) in both invasive and mixed tumors of all subtypes. US had a strong correlation in all invasive tumors (r>0.7). The correlation was intermediate in Luminal mixed tumors. Mammography had a strong correlation only in invasive Luminal A tumors (r>0.7), and an intermediate correlation in the other invasive tumor subtypes. Regarding mixed tumors, its correlation level was intermediate in Luminal B and TN tumors, and low in Luminal A and HER-2(+) tumors., Conclusion: This multicenter study shows that MRI is the most reliable method for determining preoperative tumor size of invasive and in-situ tumors and all molecular subtypes. The correlation levels of all modalities decreased in pure and mixed DCIS cases, however the difference was minimal with MRI., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 The Association of University Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Rationale and Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate demographic and radiological characteristics of breast incidentalomas found on 18-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography ( 18 F-FDG PET-CT) performed for extramammary indications., Materials and Methods: A total of 12633 18 F-FDG PET-CT scans performed between January 1, 2018 and January 1, 2024, were retrospectively reviewed. Breast incidentalomas that had undergone breast imaging, tissue diagnosis, or at least 2-year radiological follow-up were included. Demographic data and lesion size were recorded. Maximum and average standardized uptake values (SUV max -SUV avg ) and SUV corrected for lean body mass (SUL) were calculated using region of interest (ROI)., Results: The inclusion criteria were met in 101 lesions (81 benign and 20 malignant). The most common benign lesion was fibroadenoma (n = 21), followed by stable lesions during follow-up (n = 18) and benign breast parenchyma (n = 11). The most common malignant lesion was invasive ductal carcinoma (n = 11). The diagnostic characteristics of SUV max ≥ 3, SUL max ≥ 2, SUV avg ≥ 0.735, SUL avg ≥ 0.48, and BI-RADS≥ 4 were 75%, 70%, 75%, 70% and 100% for sensitivity, 69%, 69%, 62%, 62% and 67% for specificity, and 69.3%, 68.3%, 62.4%, 61.4% and 73.3% for accuracy, respectively. The highest negative predictive values (NPV) were obtained with BI-RADS and SUV max (100% and 92%, respectively). No significant difference in malignancy rate was observed for the lesion size and age of the patients (p > 0.05)., Conclusion: There is a risk of detecting malignancy in incidental lesions showing 18 F-FDG uptake. Radiological workup must be done, but SUV max , with a high NPV value, can be used in conjunction with BI-RADS assessment for appropriate patient selection and effective management of resources., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Association of University Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Aquafilling® gel has been used in recent years as an alternative method to breast augmentation surgery. In this case report, we aimed to discuss radiological imaging findings and complications of Aquafilling® gel injection. Case: A 34-year-old lactating female patient presented with swelling and pain in the left breast. Ultrasonography showed massive septate fluid collections with dense content in both breasts and between the pectoral muscle fibers. On mammography, both breasts appeared dense with large mass opacities. On magnetic resonance imaging, extensive fluid-signal cystic areas were observed. Peripheral enhancement around the fluid in the left breast was present in the contrast-enhanced series. We learned from her anamnesis that Aquafilling® was applied to both breasts 5 years ago. Ultrasonography-guided sampling was performed from the cystic areas in the left breast and cytological examination revealed basophilic Aquafilling® material surrounded by diffuse inflammatory infiltrates. Breast augmentation history should be questioned in suspicious cases because Aquafilling® gel injection and its complications can present with a wide variety of symptoms and may mimic various other conditions on radiological imaging, such as cancer, abscess, granulomatous mastitis, and parasite infections., Competing Interests: None declared., (© Copyright 2023 by The Medical Bulletin of Sisli Etfal Hospital.)

Background: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis that has not had a clear consensus about its treatment since the day it was identified as a rare, benign inflammatory breast disease that mimics malignancy due to its appearance features., Aims: In our research, we intended to compare the efficiency of intralesional and systemic steroids administration in the treatment of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis., Study Design: Prospective randomized controlled study., Methods: A total of 36 female patients who had been histopathologically diagnosed with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis and whose other factors had been microbiologically excluded were included in the study. The patients were randomized into two sub-groups that would be treated with systemic and intralesional steroids. All patients were evaluated through physical examination one week after the completion of the treatment. Subsequently, the follow-up of the patients was performed thorough physical examination and ultrasonography and/or magnetic resonance imaging at the 1st, 3rd, and 6th months., Results: All patients adapted to treatment. Complete clinical regression occurred in 32 patients, while 30 of 36 patients responded to treatment both radiologically and clinically. A total of 4 patients had minor side effects. It was determined that there was no statistically significant difference between local and systemic steroid groups in terms of complete clinical regression, responded to treatment side effects, and recurrence rates., Conclusion: Intralesional steroid administration was also considered just as a successful treatment method as the systemic steroid administration., Key Words: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis, Intralesional steroid, Systemic steroid.

Objective: This study aimed to introduce an alternative pre-biopsy confirmation technique that combines sonography-guided intra-lesional contrast injections and single non-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pulse sequence in order to identify sonographic correlates of incidentally detected breast MRI lesions which were occult on primary ultrasonography (USG) and mammography examination., Materials and Methods: From May 2014 through May 2015, a total of 37 incidental breast lesions of 37 patients, which were detected by breast MRI, were evaluated with targeted second look ultrasound (SLUS). The suspected lesion on USG was marked with a gadolinium-based contrast agent under USG guidance. After a single non-enhanced T1 weighted control MR sequence, positively correlated lesions with initial MRI were sampled by USG guided core biopsy., Results: Of the 37 lesions evaluated, 32 (86%) lesions showed a correlation between MRI and SLUS findings. On SLUS core biopsy, there were eight (25%) malignant and 11 (34.4%) high-risk lesions among these 32 cases with correlated MRI findings; while the remaining 13 (40.6%) cases had benign histopathology. Eleven (34.4%) of the SLUS-discovered lesions were focus, 11 (34.4%) were non-mass enhancements, and the remaining 10 (31.2%) were mass lesions. Of the five lesions (13.5%) that showed no correlations on MRI and SLUS examinations, four were non-mass enhancements and one was focus., Conclusion: SLUS represents a method for identifying MRI-detected lesions and provides a bridge to ultrasound-guided biopsy for histopathological diagnosis. There is a need for confirmation of biopsies to avoid false negative results. We describe a cheap, safe, and easy-to-apply USG-guided pre-biopsy lesions marking method in order to ensure definite correlation., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: We certify that there is no conflict of interest with any financial organization regarding the material discussed in the manuscript., (©Copyright 2021 by Turkish Federation of Breast Diseases Associations.)

Background: Pediatric head trauma is the most common presentation to emergency departments. Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) may lead to secondary brain damage in head trauma and early diagnosis of increased ICP is very important. Measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) is a method that can be used for determining increased ICP. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and Rotterdam computer tomography scores (RCTS) in pediatric patients for severe head trauma., Methods: During January 2017-April 2018, medical records and imaging findings of children aged 0-18 years who underwent computed tomography (CT) imaging for head trauma (n=401) and non-traumatic (convulsions, respiratory disorders, headache) (n=255) complaints, totally 656 patient were evaluated retrospectively. Patients' age, sex, presentation and trauma type (high energy-low energy) were identified. Non-traumatic patients with normal cranial CT findings were considered as the control group. CT findings of traumatic brain injury were scored according to Rotterdam criteria. Patients were divided into groups according to their age as follows: 0-3 years, 3-6 years, 6-12 years and 12-18 years., Results: In our study, tomographic reference measurements of the ONSD in pediatric cases were presented according to age. There was a statistically significant difference between ONSD of severe traumatic patients and the control group. Correlation between RCTS and ONSD was determined and age-specific cut-off values of ONSD for severe traumatic scores (score 4-5-6) were presented., Conclusion: In our study, reference ONSDs of the pediatric population for CT imaging was indicated. Our study also showed that ONSD measurement is a parameter that can be used in addition to the RCTS to determine the prognosis of the patient in severe head trauma, by reflecting increased intracranial pressure.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the utility of shear wave elastography (SWE) for assessing the placenta in preeclampsia disease., Methods: A total of 50 pregnant women in the second or third trimester (23 preeclampsia patients and 27 healthy control subjects) were enrolled in the study. Obstetrical grayscale and Doppler ultrasonography, SWE findings of placenta, and prenatal/postnatal clinical data were analyzed and the best SWE cutoff value which represents the diagnosis of preeclampsia was determined. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy of preeclampsia were calculated based on SWE measurements., Results: Mean stiffness values were much higher in preeclamptic placentas in all regions and layers than in normal controls. The most significant difference was observed in the central placental area facing the fetus where the umbilical cord inserts, with a median of 21 kPa (range, 3-71 kPa) for preeclampsia and 4 kPa (range, 1.5-14 kPa) for the control group (P < 0.01). The SWE data showed a moderate correlation with the uterine artery resistivity and pulsatility indices. The cutoff value maximizing the accuracy of diagnosis was 7.35 kPa (area under curve, 0.895; 95% confidence interval, 0.791-0.998); sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy were 90%, 86%, 82%, 92%, and 88%, respectively., Conclusion: Stiffness of the placenta is significantly higher in patients with preeclampsia. SWE appears to be an assistive diagnostic technique for placenta evaluation in preeclampsia.

Phytobezoars are a rare cause of intestinal obstruction. They are usually present in patients with predisposing factors such as previous gastric surgery, diabetes, and edentulousness. In this case report, an uncommon cause of intestinal obstruction due to the migration of gastric phytobezoar in a patient with no known predisposing factor is reported.