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The article offers information related to isolation of a non-urea-producing sake yeast strain carrying a discriminable molecular marker. Topics discussed include fermentation, traceability analysis of microorganisms, ethyl carbamate (ECA) and point mutations. It also discusses the use of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay to determine mutation sites.

The article discusses the polishing properties of sake rice, Koshitanrei (KOS) for obtaining sake brewing. Topics discussed include rice grains of KOS had the same lined white-core region as the sake rice Yamadanishiki (YAM), grain rigidity of KOS was higher than that of sake rice Gohyakumangoku (GOM), and the loss ratio of KOS after high polishing through industrial polishing machine was lower than that of GOM. Other topics discussed include breeding of sake rice is done in Japan.

The article discusses the study done which reveals that the protein kinase Hogl of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is activated by hyperosmotic stress that leads to cell-cycle delay and also informs that the mechanism by which cells restart from cyclin delay remains elusive. Topics discussed include identification of Whi3 as the suppressor mutant, counteraction of Hogl in the restart from G1cyclin delay that was caused by osmotic stress, and measuring the osmotic sensitivity.

The article discusses the results of a study which examines the role of fission yeast leucine-rich repeat protein Lrp1 in the morphogenesis of cell. The authors explained that cell morphogenesis is coordinately regulated in eukaryotes with cell cycle. They showed that Lrp1 is vital for cell growth and cell morphogenesis as a recognized component of morphogenesis Orb6 network. The localization of Lrp1 to the spindle pole bodies and its interaction with protein Nak1 are explained.

The Start/G1 phase in the cell cycle is an important period during which cells determine their developmental fate, onset of mitotic progression, or the switch to developmental stages in response to both external and internal signals. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Whi3, a negative regulator of the G1 cyclins, has been identified as a positive regulator of cell size control and is involved in the regulation of Start. However, the regulatory pathway of Whi3 governing the response to multiple signals remains largely unknown. Here, we show that Whi3 is phosphorylated by the Ras/cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and that phosphorylation of Ser-568 in Whi3 by PKA plays an inhibitory role in Whi3 function. Phosphorylation of Whi3 by PKA led to its decreased interaction with CLN3 G1 cyclin mRNA and was required for the promotion of G1/S progression. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the phosphomimetic S568D mutation of Whi3 prevented the developmental fate switch to sporulation or invasive growth. Thus, PKA modulated the function of Whi3 by phosphorylation, thus implicating PKA-mediated modulation of Whi3 in multiple cellular events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]