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53. The mechanism for low-pH-induced clustering of phospholipid vesicles carrying the HA2 ectodomain of influenza hemagglutinin

Author

Kim, Chul-Hyun, Macosko, Jed C., and Shin, Yeon-Kyun

Subjects
Influenza viruses -- Genetic aspects, Glycoproteins -- Analysis, Membrane proteins -- Analysis, Membrane fusion -- Analysis, Liposomes -- Analysis, Biological sciences, Chemistry
Abstract

Research was conducted to investigate the low-pH-induced clustering of phospholipid vesicles with the homotrimeric hemagglutinin (HA) ectodomain of influenza hemagglutinin. Site-specific cysteine mutant proteins were harvested in Escherichia coli while the original construct of the HA2 domain was also expressed in the organism. Results showed that the membrane-bound HA2 structure and the low-pH-based interactions at the kinked region revealed insights into HA-mediated membrane fusion.

Published
1998

54. On the dynamics and conformation of the HA2 domain of the influenza virus hemagglutinin

Author

Kim, Chul-Hyun, Macosko, Jed C., Yu, Yeon Gyu, and Shin, Yeon-Kyun

Subjects
Influenza viruses -- Research, Protein folding -- Research, Proteins -- Crosslinking, Mutagenesis -- Research, Membrane fusion -- Research, Binding sites (Biochemistry) -- Research, Biological sciences, Chemistry
Abstract

The hemagglutinin (HA) protein found in the influenza virus is a homotrimer with two sub-units. One sub-unit is made up of the HA1 domain that binds with receptors while the other is a membrane-interacting domain known as the HA2. In membrane fusion, residues 63-66 of the HA2 domain play a key role, with the activation of HA into a fusogenic state being triggered by the slightly acidic pH of the endosome. During the fusion process, the hairpin loop formed by residues 63-66 undergoes a conformational change, leading to the formation of a helical-coiled loop in the HA2 domain.

Published
1996

56. Dramatic effect in passive ROM exercise under sedation in a patient with intractable complex regional pain syndrome (type I)

Author

Oh, Hyun-Min, Kim, Chul-Hyun, and Kim, Ae-Ryoung

Subjects
passive ROM, CRPS, Young Adult, sedation, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, physical therapy, Female, Clinical Case Report, Range of Motion, Articular, Complex Regional Pain Syndromes, Physical Therapy Modalities, Research Article
Abstract

Rationale: Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) usually occurs after trauma and surgery but can also occur spontaneously. There are various known pathophysiology and treatment protocols for CRPS. However, there is no established treatment guideline. Although physical therapy is known as the first line treatment for CRPS, performing physical therapy is difficult due to severe pain. This case reports the first case with positive effect of physical therapy under sedation that allowed early physical therapy. Patient concerns: A 19-year old female had her right elbow area slightly hit by someone else, after which it began to swell and become more painful. Active and passive range of motion (ROM) of the right upper extremity gradually decreased through 3 months, and pain and edema worsened. Diagnoses: She had allodynia, nonpitting edema, temperature asymmetry, and trophic change in fingernails in the right upper extremity, which met the diagnostic criteria for CRPS. In the 3-phase bone scan, which is a specific tool to diagnose CRPS, there was trace uptake increase in the right elbow and wrist, indicating possibility of CRPS. Interventions: Despite conventional treatments such as pharmacologic and interventional therapies, neither pain nor edema subsided. Pain was so severe that it was impossible to apply physical therapy. Therefore, the patient underwent passive ROM exercise in the right upper extremity under sedation for 30 minutes, which was relatively easier due to decreased pain. After 2 days of passive ROM exercise under sedation, the patient was able to receive passive ROM exercise twice daily without sedation for 18 days. Outcomes: After 20 days of passive ROM exercise, including 2 days of passive ROM exercise under sedation, the circumference of her right hand decreased by 5 cm, wrist 2 cm, and elbow 6 cm compared to the initial measurement. Numeric pain rating scale improved from 9 to 3, and her manual muscle test marked fair plus from trace, Jebsen–Taylor hand function test score 43 from 0. Lessons: This case suggests that passive ROM exercise under sedation may be a successful alternative as a treatment when exercise, currently known as a treatment to CRPS, is impossible.

Published
2019

60. Similarities between intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds in RNA kissing complexes found by means of cross-correlated relaxation

Author

Dittmer, Jens, Kim, Chul-Hyun, and Bodenhausen, Geoffrey

Subjects
Quantitative Biology::Biomolecules
Abstract

The bond lengths and dynamics of intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds in an RNA kissing complex have been characterized by determining the NMR relaxation rates of various double- and triple-quantum coherences that involve an imino proton and two neighboring nitrogen-15 nuclei belonging to opposite bases. New experiments allow one to determine the chemical shift anisotropy of the imino protons. The bond lengths derived from dipolar relaxation and the lack of modulations of the nitrogen chemical shifts indicate that the intermolecular hydrogen bonds which hold the kissing complex together are very similar to the intramolecular hydrogen bonds in the double-stranded stem of the RNA

Published
2018

61. Percent Body Fat Cut-Off Points for Diagnosing Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adolescents

Author

PARK, Saejong, primary, CHUNG, Dong-Sik, additional, -Goo KO, Byoung, additional, SONG, Hong-Sun, additional, KIM, Kwang Jun, additional, CHUNG, Jin-Wook, additional, LEE, Seunghee, additional, KIM, Chul-Hyun, additional, NAM, Younshin, additional, SHIN, Seungyun, additional, LEE, Hyo, additional, CHUNG, Sochung, additional, AHN, Hong-Yup, additional, Hun OH, Jeong, additional, and SO, Wi-Young, additional

Published
2019
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70. Cross correlations between 13C-1H dipolar interactions and 15N chemical shift anisotropy in nucleic acids

Author

Ravindranathan, Sapna, Kim, Chul-Hyun, Bodenhausen, Geoffrey, Ravindranathan, Sapna, Kim, Chul-Hyun, and Bodenhausen, Geoffrey

Abstract

Two sets of cross-correlated relaxation rates involving chemical shift anisotropy and dipolar interactions have been measured in an RNA kissing complex. In one case, both the CSA and dipolar interaction tensors are located on the same nucleotide base and are rigidly fixed with respect to each other. In the other case, the CSA tensor is located on the nucleotide base whereas the dipolar interaction is located on the adjoining ribose unit. Analysis of the measured rates in terms of isotropic or anisotropic rotational diffusion has been carried out for both cases. A marked difference between the two models is observed for the cross-correlation rates involving rigidly fixed spin interactions. The influence of internal motions about the glycosidic linkage between the nucleotide base and the ribose unit on cross-correlated relaxation rates has been estimated by applying a model of restricted rotational diffusion. Local motions seem to have a more pronounced effect on cross-correlated relaxation rates when the two spin interactions are not rigidly fixed with respect to each other

Published
2018

79. Does nonexistent of your hands on the screen guarantee no radiation exposure to your body? - Study on exposure of the practitioner's hands to radiation during C-arm fluoroscopy-guided injections and effectiveness of a new shielding device.

Author

Jae-Eun Lee, Ju-Hyun Kim, Su-Jin Lee, Mingeon Kim, Tae-Woo Nam, Chul Hyun Kim, Tae-Du Jung, Jong-Moon Hwang, Lee, Jae-Eun, Kim, Ju-Hyun, Lee, Su-Jin, Kim, Mingeon, Nam, Tae-Woo, Kim, Chul Hyun, Jung, Tae-Du, and Hwang, Jong-Moon

Published
2019
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80. A retroviral RNA kissing complex containing only two G [multiplied by] C base pairs

Author

Kim, Chul-Hyun and Tinoco, Ignacio Jr.

Subjects
RNA -- Research, Retroviruses -- Research, Life cycles (Biology) -- Research, Mouse leukemia viruses -- Research, Science and technology
Abstract

The dimerization of viral RNA through noncovalent interactions at their 5' ends is a key step in the life cycle of retroviruses. In Moloney murine leukemia virus, three stem-loops are important in this process. One is a self-complementary tetraloop (H1), but the other two stem-loops (H2, H3) contain highly conserved GACG tetraloops that are not self-complementary sequences. Using two-dimensional NMR, we determined the structure of the H3 stem-loop. Surprisingly, it forms a stable, homodimeric kissing complex through only two intermolecular G [multiplied by] C base pairs. Cross-strand interactions of the adenines adjacent to the intermolecular G [multiplied by] C base pairs, plus unusual strong electrostatic interactions around the base pairs, contribute to the unexpected stability. This structure shows how even stem-loops without self-complementary sequences can facilitate the intermolecular recognition between two identical RNAs, and thus initiate dimerization and encapsidation of retroviral RNAs.

Published
2000

84. Correlation of Cardiac Markers and Biomarkers With Blood Pressure of Middle-Aged Marathon Runners.

Author

Kim, Young ‐ Joo, Ahn, Jae Ki, Shin, Kyung ‐ A, Kim, Chul ‐ Hyun, Lee, Yoon ‐ Hee, Park, Kyoung ‐ Min, Kim, Young-Joo, Shin, Kyung-A, Kim, Chul-Hyun, Lee, Yoon-Hee, and Park, Kyoung-Min

Subjects
HEART physiology, BLOOD pressure, BLOOD pressure measurement, C-reactive protein, CREATINE kinase, ENDOTHELINS, HYPERTENSION, LACTATE dehydrogenase, PEPTIDE hormones, PEPTIDES, RUNNING, TROPONIN
Abstract

Runners with exercise-induced high blood pressure have recently been reported to exhibit higher levels of cardiac markers, vasoconstrictors, and inflammation. The authors attempted to identify correlations between exercise-related personal characteristics and the levels of biochemical/cardiac markers in marathon runners in this study. Forty healthy runners were enrolled. Blood samples were taken both before and after finishing a full marathon. The change in each cardiac/biochemical marker over the course of the marathon was determined. All markers were significantly (P<.001) increased immediately after the marathon (creatine kinase-MB [CK-MB]: 7.9 ± 2.7 ng/mL, cardiac troponin I (cTnI): 0.06 ± 0.10 ng/mL, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP): 95.7 ± 76.4, endothelin-1: 2.7 ± 1.16, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]: 0.1 ± 0.09, creatine kinase [CK]: 315.7 ± 94.0, lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]: 552.8 ± 130.3) compared with their premarathon values (CK-MB: 4.3 ± 1.3, cTnI: 0.01 ± 0.003, NT-proBNP: 27.6 ± 31.1, endothelin-1: 1.11 ± 0.5, hs-CRP: 0.06 ± 0.07, CK: 149.2 ± 66.0, LDH: 399 ± 75.1). In middle-aged marathon runners, factors related to increased blood pressure were correlated with marathon-induced increases in cTnI, NT-proBNP, endothelin-1, and hs-CRP. These correlations were observed independent of running history, records of finishing, and peak oxygen uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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87. Paracellular permeation-enhancing effect of AT1002 C-terminal amidation in nasal delivery

Author

Song,Keon-Hyoung, Kim,Sang-Bum, Shim,Chang-Koo, Chung,Suk-Jae, Kim,Dae-Duk, Rhee,Sang-Ki, Choi,Guang J, Kim,Chul-Hyun, Kim,Kiyoung, Song,Keon-Hyoung, Kim,Sang-Bum, Shim,Chang-Koo, Chung,Suk-Jae, Kim,Dae-Duk, Rhee,Sang-Ki, Choi,Guang J, Kim,Chul-Hyun, and Kim,Kiyoung

Abstract

Keon-Hyoung Song,1 Sang-Bum Kim,2 Chang-Koo Shim,2 Suk-Jae Chung,2 Dae-Duk Kim,2 Sang-Ki Rhee,1 Guang J Choi,1 Chul-Hyun Kim,3 Kiyoung Kim4 1Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea; 2College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 3Department of Sports Medicine, 4Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea Background: The identification of permeation enhancers has gained interest in the development of drug delivery systems. A six-mer peptide, H-FCIGRL-OH (AT1002), is a tight junction modulator with promising permeation-enhancing activity. AT1002 enhances the transport of molecular weight markers or agents with low bioavailability with no cytotoxicity. However, AT1002 is not stable in neutral pH or after incubation under physiological conditions, which is necessary to fully uncover its permeation-enhancing effect. Thus, we increased the stability or mitigated the instability of AT1002 by modifying its terminal amino acids and evaluated its subsequent biological activity.Methods: C-terminal-amidated (FCIGRL-NH2, Pep1) and N-terminal-acetylated (Ac-FCIGRL, Pep2) peptides were analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. We further assessed cytotoxicity on cell monolayers, as well as the permeation-enhancing activity following nasal administration of the paracellular marker mannitol.Results: Pep1 was nontoxic to cell monolayers and showed a relatively low decrease in peak area compared to AT1002. In addition, administration of mannitol with Pep1 resulted in significant increases in the area under the plasma concentration–time curve and peak plasma concentration at 3.63-fold and 2.68-fold, respectively, compared to mannitol alone. In contrast, no increase in mannitol concentration was shown with mannitol/AT1002 or mannitol/Pep2 compared to the control. Thus, Pep1 increased th

Published
2015

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