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Abstract: Introduction: The Lehrer–Woolfolk Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire (LWASQ) is a self-report questionnaire based on the tripartite model of Lang (1971) for measuring treatment progress. However, so far little is known about its psychometric qualities. Two studies were conducted to get more clarity on the factor structure and reliability of the LWASQ. Method: Factor structure and internal consistency of the LWASQ were assessed using a sample of 2,117 patients with anxiety disorders. Test–retest reliability was measured with a three-week interval, using a sample of 49 people in a general population. We aimed to measure construct validity with a third sample of patients with anxiety disorders, but were not able to due to a small sample size. Results: Factor analysis confirmed the three known factors of the LWASQ, i.e., somatic complaints, cognitive problems, and behavioral complaints. Both internal consistency for all three subscales (r = .852–.927) and test–retest reliability were found to be good (r = .88). Conclusion: Psychometric properties of the LWASQ are promising, but further validation is needed to draw more definitive conclusions regarding its usefulness in a clinical population.

Stay-green 1 (SGR1) protein is a critical regulator of chlorophyll degradation and senescence in plant leaves; however, the functions of tomato SGR1 remain ambiguous. Here, we generated an SGR1-knockout (KO) null line via clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9-mediated gene editing and conducted RNA sequencing and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Solanum lycopersicum SGR1 (SlSGR1) knockout null line clearly showed a turbid brown color with significantly higher chlorophyll and carotenoid levels than those in the wild-type (WT) fruit. Differential gene expression analysis revealed 728 DEGs between WT and sgr#1-6 line, including 263 and 465 downregulated and upregulated genes, respectively, with fold-change >2 and adjusted p-value < 0.05. Most of the DEGs have functions related to photosynthesis, chloroplasts, and carotenoid biosynthesis. The strong changes in pigment and carotenoid content resulted in the accumulation of key primary metabolites, such as sucrose and its derivatives (fructose, galactinol, and raffinose), glycolytic intermediates (glucose, glucose-6-phosphate, and fructose-6-phosphate), and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates (malate and fumarate) in the leaves and fruit of the SGR-KO null lines. Overall, the SGR1-KO null lines developed here provide new evidence for the mechanisms underlying the roles of SGR1 as well as the molecular pathways involved in photosynthesis, chloroplasts, and carotenoid biosynthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We generated an orange-colored (OC) rice callus line by targeted mutagenesis of the orange gene (OsOr) using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. The OC line accumulated more lutein, β-carotene, and two β-carotene isomers compared to the WT callus line. We also analyzed the expression levels of carotenoid biosynthesis genes by qRT-PCR. Among the genes encoding carotenoid metabolic pathway enzymes, the number of transcripts of the PSY2, PSY3, PDS, ZDS and β-LCY genes were higher in the OC line than in the WT line. In contrast, transcription of the ε-LCY gene was downregulated in the OC line compared to the WT line. In addition, we detected increases in the transcript levels of two genes involved in carotenoid oxidation in the OC lines. The developed OC lines also showed increased tolerance to salt stress. Collectively, these findings indicate that targeted mutagenesis of the OsOr gene via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing results in β-carotene accumulation in rice calli. Accordingly, we believe that this type of genome-editing technology could represent an effective alternative approach for enhancing the β-carotene content of plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundIt is recommended that children should avoid eating dinner, being physically active, or using screens in the hour before bed to ensure good sleep health. However, the evidence base behind these guidelines is weak and limited to cross-sectional studies using questionnaires. ObjectiveThe aim of this randomized crossover trial was to use objective measures to experimentally determine whether recommendations to improve sleep by banning electronic media, physical activity, or food intake in the hour before bed, impact sleep quantity and quality in the youth. MethodsAfter a baseline week to assess usual behavior, 72 children (10-14.9 years old) will be randomized to four conditions, which are (1) avoid all 3 behaviors, (2) use screens for at least 30 minutes, (3) be physically active for at least 30 minutes, and (4) eat a large meal, during the hour before bed on days 5 to 7 of weeks 2 to 5. Families can choose which days of the week they undertake the intervention, but they must be the same days for each intervention week. Guidance on how to undertake each intervention will be provided. Interventions will only be undertaken during the school term to avoid known changes in sleep during school holidays. Intervention adherence and shuteye latency (time from getting into bed until attempting sleep) will be measured by wearable and stationary PatrolEyes video cameras (StuntCams). Sleep (total sleep time, sleep onset, and wake after sleep onset) will be measured using actigraphy (baseline, days 5 to 7 of each intervention week). Mixed effects regression models with a random effect for participants will be used to estimate mean differences (95% CI) for conditions 2 to 4 compared with condition 1. ResultsRecruitment started in March 2024, and is anticipated to finish in April 2025. Following data analysis, we expect that results will be available later in 2026. ConclusionsUsing objective measures, we will be able to establish if causal relationships exist between prebedtime behaviors and sleep in children. Such information is critical to ensure appropriate and achievable sleep guidelines. Trial RegistrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12624000206527; https://tinyurl.com/3kcjmfnj International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/63692

Abstract The meticulous design of active sites and light absorbers holds the key to the development of high-performance photothermal catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation. Here, we report a nonmetallic plasmonic catalyst of Mo2N/MoO2-x nanosheets by integrating a localized surface plasmon resonance effect with two distinct types of active sites for CO2 hydrogenation. Leveraging the synergism of dual active sites, H2 and CO2 molecules can be simultaneously adsorbed and activated on N atom and O vacancy, respectively. Meanwhile, the plasmonic effect of this noble-metal-free catalyst signifies its promising ability to convert photon energy into localized heat. Consequently, Mo2N/MoO2-x nanosheets exhibit remarkable photothermal catalytic performance in reverse water-gas shift reaction. Under continuous full-spectrum light irradiation (3 W·cm−2) for a duration of 168 h, the nanosheets achieve a CO yield rate of 355 mmol·gcat−1·h−1 in a flow reactor with a selectivity exceeding 99%. This work offers valuable insights into the precise design of noble-metal-free active sites and the development of plasmonic catalysts for reducing carbon footprints.

The travel and tourism industry is among most severely impacted by natural disasters, terrorism, financial crises, and pandemics. Scholars are currently paying attention to how to revive tourism and establish tourist loyalty in the post-pandemic era. Aesthetics is a fundamental component of the tourist experience, and significantly affects tourist loyalty, intention, and behavior. However, research on destination aesthetics is limited, with most studies neglecting the role of memorability in the outcomes of aesthetics, particularly after the pandemic. Therefore, this study explores the mediating role of memorability in the effects of the aesthetic experiential qualities (scenery, cleanliness, harmony, art/architecture, and genuineness) of a nature-based tourism destination on tourist loyalty. Based on a two-wave panel data approach, 509 survey responses were collected and analyzed using Smarts. The findings indicate that the aesthetic experiential qualities positively affect tourists’ memorability. Although three of the five aesthetic qualities (scenery, harmony, art/architecture) demonstrated no direct impact on loyalty, all the qualities had significant indirect effects on loyalty through the mediation of memorability. This study provides insights and new perspectives for promoting tourist loyalty in the context of post-pandemic tourism recovery.

Photocatalysis promises green production of chemicals by using the inexhaustible solar energy, but the low photocatalytic activity of most semiconductors due to charge recombination remains a key barrier to their application. Recently, facet engineering of single semiconductor particles has emerged as an effective strategy to precisely tune the energetic structure, thereby lowering the charge recombination and enhance solar fuel production. Multiple approaches for facet engineering have been developed to construct efficient photocatalysts. In this review, the fundamental principles and the common facet-engineering approaches for improving the photo-charge separation and solar fuel production of semiconductors are summarized, focusing on how the various faceted particles modification strategies tune the inbuilt electric field and reaction kinetics. Additionally, the challenges and future trends in development of facet-engineered photocatalysts were discussed.

Abstract Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a progressive demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterised by a wide range of motor and non-motor symptoms. The level of disability of people with MS (pwMS) is based on a wide range of clinical measures, though their frequency of evaluation and inaccuracies coming from objective and self-reported evaluations limits these assessments. Alternatively, remote health monitoring through devices can offer a cost-efficient solution to gather more reliable, objective measures continuously. Measuring smartphone keyboard interactions is a promising tool since typing and, thus, keystroke dynamics are likely influenced by symptoms that pwMS can experience. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate whether keyboard interactions gathered on a person’s smartphone can provide insight into the clinical status of pwMS leveraging machine learning techniques. In total, 24 Healthy Controls (HC) and 102 pwMS were followed for one year. Next to continuous data generated via smartphone interactions, clinical outcome measures were collected and used as targets to train four independent multivariate binary classification pipelines in discerning pwMS versus HC and estimating the level of disease severity, manual dexterity and cognitive capabilities. The final models yielded an AUC-ROC in the hold-out set above 0.7, with the highest performance obtained in estimating the level of fine motor skills (AUC-ROC=0.753). These findings show that keyboard interactions combined with machine learning techniques can be used as an unobtrusive monitoring tool to estimate various levels of clinical disability in pwMS from daily activities and with a high frequency of sampling without increasing patient burden.

Background/Objective: This article reports the methods and findings for Aotearoa New Zealand's 2022 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth indicators, and on inequities within these indicators. Methods: Grades were assigned to indicators using the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance criteria depending on data availability, and inequities reported based on gender, ethnicity, disability status, area-level socioeconomic deprivation, urbanicity, and school year. Two additional indicators were included in this report card: Sleep, and Physical literacy. Results: Grades were assigned to indicators as follows: Overall physical activity: C+, Organised sport and physical activity: B-, Physical literacy: B, Active transportation: D, Sedentary behaviours: C-, Sleep: B+, Whānau (family) and peers: D, School: C+, Government: A. Inequities across all socio-demographic variables were observed. An ‘inconclusive’ grade was assigned to the Active play, Physical fitness, and Community and Environment indicators due to insufficient data. Conclusion: It is imperative that targeted, comprehensive, and population-specific approaches are implemented to support health-promoting physical activity behaviours and reduce inequities among children and youth in Aotearoa. There is a need to promote all dimensions of physical activity (overall activity, active play, recreation, organised sport, active transportation) and the reduction of screen time through policy, research, evidence-based social marketing campaigns, and urban design. Regular, nationally representative surveys that enable the consistent and regular measurement of key Report Card indicators are needed.