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Growth and survival were evaluated for 1 year in juvenile Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus (mean weight, 164.9 g) held at seasonal temperatures (6.4-16.9°C) and fed five commercially available feeds: Biokyowa (BK; control), Zeigler sturgeon (ZSD), Integral sturgeon (ISD), Atlantic salmon (ASD2-30), and Government Ration trout diet (GR7-30). During the 365d study, the overall growth performance of the juvenile Atlantic sturgeon fed ZSD, ASD2-30, and ISD was equal to that of the fish fed the BK diet and superior to that of the fish fed GR7-30 (P < 0.05). The final mean weight was highest for the fish fed ZSD and lowest for the fish fed GR7-30. The fish fed the ZSD and BK diets were the only groups to continue gaining weight in winter (6.4-9.7°C). The differences in growth may be related to dietary levels or ingredient quality. Body moisture, body protein, and body fat were affected by diet type and seasonal temperature. Among the diets tested, ZSD and ASD2-30 produced the greatest growth at the lowest cost in juvenile Atlantic sturgeon held at ambient seasonal temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive dietary phosphorous (P) concentrations in effluents from aquaculture present a major environmental problem. We therefore studied the effect of dietary P and vitamin D3 on P utilization by rainbow trout-fed practical diets and on P concentrations in the soluble, particulate and settleable components of the effluent from fish tanks. Rainbow trout (average weight: 78 g, initial biomass: 13 kg in 0.7 m3 tanks) were fed for 11 weeks, practical diets that varied in total P, available P, and vitamin D3 concentrations. Soluble, particulate (10–200 μm) and settleable (>200 μm) P in the effluent were sampled every 0.5–6 h for 1–3 days in the third and eleventh weeks of the experiment. Trout in all diets more than doubled their weight after 11 weeks. Increasing the concentrations of available dietary P from 0.24% to 0.88% modestly enhanced growth rate. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and biomass gain per gram P consumed decreased as dietary P concentrations increased. Carcass P, daily P gain, and plasma P concentrations were lower in fish fed with low P diets. Soluble P concentrations in the effluent peaked immediately after and again 4–6 h after feeding, and is a linear function of available dietary P. No soluble P would be produced during consumption of diets containing less than 0.22±0.02% available P. Above this dietary concentration, soluble P would be excreted at 6.9±0.4 mg/day/kg for each 0.1% increase in available dietary P. Particulate P concentrations in the effluent were independent of dietary P concentrations. Settleable, presumably fecal, P concentrations tended to increase with dietary P concentrations. In trout fed with low P (0.24% available P, 0.6% total P) diets, 60% of total dietary P were retained by the fish and the remaining 40% were excreted in the effluent as settleable P (20–30%) and particulate or soluble P (10–20%). In trout fed with high P (0.59–0.88% available P; 0.9–1.2% total P) diets, 30–55% of total dietary P was retained by fish, and the remaining 15–25% appeared in the effluent as settleable P, 20–55% as soluble P, and 5–10% as particulate P. Vitamin D3 did not affect fish growth nor effluent P levels. Physicochemical management of aquaculture effluents should consider the effect of diets on partitioning of effluent P, the peaks of soluble P concentration following feeding, and the contributions of particulate P to total P in the effluent. Increasing our understanding of how dietary P is utilized and is subsequently partitioned in the effluent can contribute significantly towards alleviating this important environmental and industry problem. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Quiltmakers have long expressed the need to make sense of and act on their changing environment. Historically, quiltmakers fostered a sense of community through their craft. Pioneer women who followed their husbands westward, for example, used friendship quilts to maintain ties with friends and family back home. Technology plays a key role in determining the shape a community takes. The Internet has had a huge impact on the way quiltmakers interact with each other. By examining what present-day quiltmakers say about themselves and their quilts, it becomes apparent that they are also searching and successfully creating a sense of community online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on conceptions of normative contingencies and deviance. Norms are absolutely vital to the study of deviance. Writer Jack Douglas shows how norms, when thought of as moral statements are necessarily linked to deviance as each one is a necessary condition for the existence of the other. Deviance, immorality, or badness makes sense only when compared with that which is not deviant, immoral, or bad. Although the two major schools disagree over the issue of norms as motivations for behavior, each school in its analysis treats norms as norms exists either universally or by a particular group and go from there. Douglas observes that everyday social activities of members of society reveals that it is not easy to agree on what is right and wrong and moral and immoral in concrete situations. Contingencies are tied to many levels of social life. Sociologist Robert F. Meier suggests that norms and contingencies can be studied by conducting a survey, by asking a series of questions about the seriousness of a particular behavior under a number of conditions. This technique focuses on a particular set of behaviors, such as killing, homosexuality or drunk driving.

The poem "Recycling" by Kim King is presented. First Line: Just down past the donut shop, the Chinese; Last Line: into morning routines, sipping coffee from Styrofoam.

The poem "The Cable Car Purse" by Kim King is presented. First Line: She rummaged through the cartons that; Last Line: the fog, the fog. And nothing else.

Care for those seeking guidance in the therapeutic use of cannabis., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)