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57. Getting Serious About Corporate Misconduct

Author

Epstein, Marc J. and Hanson, Kirk O.

Subjects
Business ethics, Corporations -- Ethical aspects, Ethics, Business, general, Business
Abstract

The pattern has repeated for decades. Corporations set high ethical goals, hire compliance staff, make all the right noises--and then misconduct harms or even destroys the company. What are we [...]

Published
2021

58. REDUCING CORPORATE MISCONDUCT: Improving corporate ethical performance is achievable, but it requires new initiatives as well as improvements to the standard ethics programs common in companies today

Author

Epstein, Marc J. and Hanson, Kirk O.

Subjects
Business ethics, Chief executive officers -- Practice -- Ethical aspects, Corporations -- Ethical aspects, Banking, finance and accounting industries, Business, general, Business
Abstract

For decades, CEOs have made clear statements about the importance of acting more ethically and responsibly There have been extensive changes in government regulations. Corporations have invested in mandatory corporate [...]

Published
2020

64. Non-AIDS defining cancers in the D:A:D Study - time trends and predictors of survival: A cohort study

Author

Worm, SW, Bower, M, Reiss, P, Bonnet, F, Law, M, Fätkenheuer, G, d'Arminio Monforte, A, Abrams, DI, Grulich, A, Fontas, E, Kirk, O, Furrer, H, Wit, SD, Phillips, A, Lundgren, JD, Sabin, CA, Butcher, D, Delforge, M, Fanti, I, Franquet, X, Geffard, S, Gras, L, Helweg-Larsen, J, Hillebregt, M, Kamara, D, Kjær, J, Krum, E, McManus, H, Meidahl, P, Mocroft, A, Nielsen, J, Powderl, W, Rickenbach, M, Rode, R, Ryom, L, Salbøl Brandt, R, Schmidt Iversen, J, Shortman, N, Sjøl, A, Smith, C, Torres, F, Tverland, J, Wright, S, Zaheri, S, de Wolf, F, Smidt, J, Ristola, M, Katlama, C, Viard, JP, Girard, PM, Livrozet, JM, Vanhems, P, Pradier, C, Dabis, F, Neau, D, Rockstroh, J, Schmidt, R, Degen, O, van Lunzen, J, Stellbrink, HJ, and Staszewski, S

Abstract

Background: Non-AIDS defining cancers (NADC) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-positive individuals. Using data from a large international cohort of HIV-positive individuals, we described the incidence of NADC from 2004-2010, and described subsequent mortality and predictors of these.Methods: Individuals were followed from 1st January 2004/enrolment in study, until the earliest of a new NADC, 1st February 2010, death or six months after the patient's last visit. Incidence rates were estimated for each year of follow-up, overall and stratified by gender, age and mode of HIV acquisition. Cumulative risk of mortality following NADC diagnosis was summarised using Kaplan-Meier methods, with follow-up for these analyses from the date of NADC diagnosis until the patient's death, 1st February 2010 or 6 months after the patient's last visit. Factors associated with mortality following NADC diagnosis were identified using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression.Results: Over 176,775 person-years (PY), 880 (2.1%) patients developed a new NADC (incidence: 4.98/1000PY [95% confidence interval 4.65, 5.31]). Over a third of these patients (327, 37.2%) had died by 1st February 2010. Time trends for lung cancer, anal cancer and Hodgkin's lymphoma were broadly consistent. Kaplan-Meier cumulative mortality estimates at 1, 3 and 5 years after NADC diagnosis were 28.2% [95% CI 25.1-31.2], 42.0% [38.2-45.8] and 47.3% [42.4-52.2], respectively. Significant predictors of poorer survival after diagnosis of NADC were lung cancer (compared to other cancer types), male gender, non-white ethnicity, and smoking status. Later year of diagnosis and higher CD4 count at NADC diagnosis were associated with improved survival. The incidence of NADC remained stable over the period 2004-2010 in this large observational cohort.Conclusions: The prognosis after diagnosis of NADC, in particular lung cancer and disseminated cancer, is poor but has improved somewhat over time. Modifiable risk factors, such as smoking and low CD4 counts, were associated with mortality following a diagnosis of NADC. © 2013 Worm et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Published
2013

71. Tributary streams provide migratory fish with access to floodplain habitats in a regulated river: evidence from alligator gar, Atractosteus spatula

Author

Hayden C. Roberts, Matthew R. Acre, Maximiliaan P.A. Claus, Florian J. Kappen, Kirk O. Winemiller, Daniel J. Daugherty, and Joshuah S. Perkin

Subjects
Aquatic Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Migratory fishes with periodic life history strategies are sensitive to river regulation. Populations of these fishes may persist in highly regulated rivers by using tributaries that provide access to intermittently connected spawning and early life stage habitat in floodplains. We analyzed system hydrology and associated movement of a long-lived periodic strategist, the alligator gar ( Atractosteus spatula), in the Brazos River, Texas. We hypothesized that (1) flow regulation on the mainstem has resulted in the reduction of flood pulses, but tributaries have been less altered and (2) alligator gar migrate into tributaries during high flows and temperatures. Our analysis revealed that flood pulses were reduced in the mainstem but not in an adjacent, less regulated tributary where floodplain-inundating pulses now outnumber those in the mainstem. Using data from tagged fish, we derived statistical models predicting greater occurrence of alligator gar in tributaries when water temperature exceeded 25 °C and mainstem discharge exceeded 400 cubic meters per second. These results emphasize that movement into less regulated tributaries can mitigate impacts of river regulation on mainstem river populations of alligator gar.

Published
2023

77. A University Applied Ethics Center: The Markkula Center for Applied Ethics at Santa Clara University

Author

Brian P. Green, Irina Raicu, Margaret R. McLean, Ann Skeet, Kirk O. Hanson, David DeCosse, and Don Heider

Subjects
Moral theology, BV4625-4780
Abstract

The Markkula Center for Applied Ethics at Santa Clara University is a multi-program, university-based, applied ethics center. Since its founding in 1986, the Center has played a major role in promoting ethical discussion at the university, as well as in the local region, and increasingly nationally and internationally. This paper describes the Ethics Center, and also examines how a university ethics center can serve as one locus of ethics on a university campus, thus engaging the field of university ethics, and in particular James Keenan’s book University Ethics. This paper will describe the history and focus of the Markkula Center, and its role on campus, including efforts to foster ethical norms, promote ethical practices, and build an ethical community. To this end, some of the Ethics Center’s programs and resources will be examined, as well as some successes and challenges.

Published
2020

90. Risk for non-AIDS-defining and AIDS-defining cancer of early versus delayed initiation of antiretroviral therapy

Author

Chammartin, F., Lodi, S., Logan, R., Ryom, L., Mocroft, A., Kirk, O., D'Arminio Monforte, A., Reiss, P., Phillips, A., El-Sadr, W., Hatleberg, C. I., Pradier, C., Bonnet, F., Law, M., De Wit, S., Sabin, C., Lundgren, J. D., Bucher, H. C., Calvo, G., Dabis, F., Morfeldt, L., Weber, R., Lind-Thomsen, A., Salbol Brandt, R., Hillebreght, M., Zaheri, S., Wit, F. W. N. M., Scherrer, A., Schoni-Affolter, F., Rickenbach, M., Tavelli, A., Fanti, I., Leleux, O., Mourali, J., Le Marec, F., Boerg, E., Thulin, E., Sundstrom, A., Bartsch, G., Thompsen, G., Necsoi, C., Delforge, M., Fontas, E., Caissotti, C., Dollet, K., Mateu, S., Torres, F., Petoumenos, K., Blance, A., Huang, R., Puhr, R., Gronborg Laut, K., Kristensen, D., Kamara, D. A., Smith, C. J., Raben, D., Matthews, C., Bojesen, A., Grevsen, A. L., Powderly, B., Shortman, N., Moecklinghoff, C., Reilly, G., Smit, C., Ross, M., Fux, C. A., Morlat, P., Friis-Moller, N., Kowalska, J., Bohlius, J., Bower, M., Fatkenheuer, G., Grulich, A., Sjol, A., Meidahl, P., Iversen, J. S., Hillebregt, M., Prins, J. M., Kuijpers, T. W., Scherpbier, H. J., Van Der Meer, J. T. M., Godfried, M. H., Van Der Poll, T., Nellen, F. J. B., Geerlings, S. E., Van Vugt, M., Pajkrt, D., Bos, J. C., Wiersinga, W. J., Van Der Valk, M., Goorhuis, A., Hovius, J. W., Van Eden, J., Henderiks, A., Van Hes, A. M. H., Mutschelknauss, M., Nobel, H. E., Pijnappel, F. J. J., Jurriaans, S., Back, N. K. T., Zaaijer, H. L., Berkhout, B., Cornelissen, M. T. E., Schinkel, C. J., Thomas, X. V., Van Den Berge, M., Stegeman, A., Baas, S., Hage De Looff, L., Versteeg, D., Pronk, M. J. H., Ammerlaan, H. S. M., de Munnik, E. S., Jansz, A. R., Tjhie, J., Wegdam, M. C. A., Deiman, B., Scharnhorst, V., Van Der Plas, A., Weijsenfeld, A. M., Van Der Ende, M. E., de Vries-Sluijs, T. E. M. S., van Gorp, E. C. M., Schurink, C. A. M., Nouwen, J. L., Verbon, A., Rijnders, B. J. A., Bax, H. I., Van Der Feltz, M., Bassant, N., Van Beek, J. E. A., Vriesde, M., Van Zonneveld, L. M., De Oude-Lubbers, A., Van Den Berg-Cameron, H. J., Bruinsma-Broekman, F. B., de Groot, J., De Zeeuw-De Man, M., Boucher, C. A. B., Koopmans, M. P. G., van Kampen, J. J. A., Pas, S. D., Driessen, G. J. A., van Rossum, A. M. C., Van Der Knaap, L. C., Visser, E., Branger, J., Rijkeboer-Mes, A., Duijf-Van De Ven, C. J. H. M., Schippers, E. F., van Nieuwkoop, C., van IJperen, J. M., Geilings, J., van der Hut, G., Franck, P. F. H., Van Eeden, A., Brokking, W., Groot, M., Elsenburg, L. J. M., Damen, M., Kwa, I. S., Groeneveld, P. H. P., Bouwhuis, J. W., Van Den Berg, J. F., Van Hulzen, A. G. W., Van Der Bliek, G. L., Bor, P. C. J., Bloembergen, P., Wolfhagen, M. J. H. M., Ruijs, G. J. H. M., Kroon, F. P., De Boer, M. G. J., Bauer, M. P., Jolink, H., Vollaard, A. M., Dorama, W., Van Holten, N., Claas, E. C. J., Wessels, E., Den Hollander, J. G., Pogany, K., Roukens, A., Kastelijns, M., Smit, J. V., Smit, E., Struik-Kalkman, D., Tearno, C., Bezemer, M., van Niekerk, T., Pontesilli, O., Lowe, S. H., Oude Lashof, A. M. L., Posthouwer, D., Ackens, R. P., Schippers, J., Vergoossen, R., Weijenberg-Maes, B., van Loo, I. H. M., Havenith, T. R. A., Leyten, E. M. S., Gelinck, L. B. S., van Hartingsveld, A., Meerkerk, C., Wildenbeest, G. S., Mutsaers, J. A. E. M., Jansen, C. L., Mulder, J. W., Vrouenraets, S. M. E., Lauw, F. N., van Broekhuizen, M. C., Paap, H., Vlasblom, D. J., Smits, P. H. M., Weijer, S., El Moussaoui, R., Bosma, A. S., van Vonderen, M. G. A., van Houte, D. P. F., Kampschreur, L. M., Dijkstra, K., Faber, S., Weel, J., Kootstra, G. J., Delsing, C. E., van der Burg-Van de Plas, M., Heins, H., Lucas, E., Kortmann, W., van Twillert, G., Cohen Stuart, J. W. T., Diederen, B. M. W., van Truijen-Oud, F. A., van der Reijden, W. A., Jansen, R., Brinkman, K., van den Berk, G. E. L., Blok, W. L., Frissen, P. H. J., Lettinga, K. D., Schouten, W. E. M., Veenstra, J., Brouwer, J. C., Geerders, F. G., Hoeksema, K., Kleene, J. M., van der Meche, B. I., Spelbrink, M., Sulman, H., Toonen, A. J. M., Wijnands, S., Kwa, D., Witte, E., Koopmans, P. P., Keuter, M., van der Ven, A. J. A. M., ter Hofstede, H. J. M., Dofferhoff, A. S. M., van Crevel, R., Albers, M., Bosch, M. E. W., Grintjes-Huisman, K. J. T., Zomer, J. B., Stelma, F. F., Rahamat-Langendoen, J., Burger, D., Richter, C., Gisolf, H. E., Hassing, J. R., ter Beest, G., van Bentum, P. H. M., Langebeek, N., Tiemessen, R., Swanink, C. M. A., van Lelyveld, S. F. L., Soetekouw, R., Hulshoff, N., van der Prijt, L. M. M., van der Swaluw, J., Bermon, N., Herpers, B. L., Veenendaal, D., Verhagen, W. D. M., van Wijk, M., van Kasteren, M. E. E., Brouwer, E. A., de Kruijf-Van de Wiel, B. A. F. M., Kuipers, M., Santegoets, R. M. W. J., van der Ven, B., Marcelis, H. J., Buiting, A. G. M., Kabel, J. P., Bierman, W. F. W., Scholvinck, H., Wilting, R. K., Stienstra, Y., de Groot-De Jonge, H., van der Meulen, A. P., de Weerd, A. D., Ludwig-Roukema, J., Niesters, H. G. M., Riezebos-Brilman, A., van Leer-Buter, C. C., Knoester, M., Hoepelman, A. I. M., Mudrikova, T., Ellerbroek, M. P., Oosterheert, J. J., Arends, E. J., Barth, E. R., Wassenberg, M. W. M., Schadd, M. E., van Elst-Laurijssen, D. H. M., van Oers-Hazelzet, B. E., Vervoort, S., van Berkel, M., Schuurman, R., Verduyn-Lunel, F., Wensing, A. M. J., Peters, E. J. G., van Agtmael, A. M., Bomers, M., de Vocht, J., Heitmuller, M., Laan, M. L., Pettersson, M. A., Vandenbroucke-Grauls, C. M. J. E., Ang, W. C., Geelen, S. P. M., Wolfs, T. F. W., Bont, J. L., Nauta, N., Bezemer, O. D., van Sighem, I. A., Boender, S. T., de Jong, A., Bergsma, D., Hoekstra, P., de Lang, A., Grivell, S., Jansen, A., Rademaker, J. M., Raethke, M., Meijering, R., Schnorr, S., de Groot, L., van den Akker, M., Bakker, Y., Claessen, E., El Berkaoui, A., Koops, J., Kruijne, E., Lodewijk, C., Munjishvili, L., Peeck, B., Ree, C., Regtop, R., Ruijs, Y., Rutkens, T., van de Sande, L., Schoorl, M., Timmerman, A., Tuijn, E., Veenenberg, L., van der Vliet, S., Wisse, A., Woudstra, T., Tuk, B., Dupon, M., Gaborieau, V., Lacoste, D., Malvy, D., Mercie, P., Neau, D., Pellegrin, L. J., Tchamgoue, S., Lazaro, E., Cazanave, C., Vandenhende, M., Vareil, O. M., Gerard, Y., Blanco, P., Bouchet, S., Breilh, D., Fleury, H., Pellegrin, I., Chene, G., Thiebaut, R., Wittkop, L., Lawson-Ayayi, S., Gimbert, A., Desjardin, S., Lacaze-Buzy, L., Petrov-Sanchez, V., Andre, N., Bernard, K., Caubet, O., Caunegre, L., Chossat, I., Courtault, C., Dauchy, A. F., Dondia, D., Duffau, P., Dutronc, H., Farbos, S., Faure, I., Ferrand, H., Greib, C., Hessamfar, M., Imbert, Y., Lataste, P., Marie, J., Mechain, M., Monlun, E., Ochoa, A., Pistone, T., Raymond, I., Receveur, C. M., Rispal, P., Sorin, L., Valette, C., Viallard, J. F., Wille, H., Wirth, G., Lafon, M., Trimoulet, P., Bellecave, P., Tumiotto, C., Haramburu, F., Miremeont-Salame, G., Blaizeau, J. M., Decoin, M., Hannapier, C., Lenaud, E., Pougetoux, A., Delveaux, S., D'Ivernois, C., Diarra, F., Uwamaliya-Nziyumvira, B., Palmer, G., Conte, V., Sapparrart, V., Moore, R., Edwards, S., Hoy, J., Watson, K., Roth, N., Lau, H., Bloch, M., Baker, D., Carr, A., Cooper, D., O'Sullivan, M., Nolan, D., Guelfi, G., Domingo, P., Sambeat, A. M., Gatell, J., Del Cacho, E., Cadafalch, J., Fuster, M., Codina, C., Sirera, G., Vaque, A., Clumeck, N., Gennotte, F. A., Gerard, M., Kabeya, K., Konopnicki, D., Libois, A., Martin, C., Payen, C. M., Semaille, P., Van Laethem, Y., Neaton, J., El-Sadr, M. W., Krum, E., Thompson, G., Wentworth, D., Luskin-Hawk, R., Telzak, E., Abrams, I. D., Cohn, D., Markowitz, N., Arduino, R., Mushatt, D., Friedland, G., Perez, G., Tedaldi, E., Fisher, E., Gordin, F., Crane, R. L., Sampson, J., Baxter, J., Gazzard, B., Horban, A., Karpov, I., Pedersen, C., Ristola, M., Rockstroh, J., Peters, L., Fischer, H. A., Larsen, F. J., Podlekareva, D., Cozzi-Lepri, A., Shepherd, L., Schultze, A., Amele, S., Losso, M., Kundro, M., Schmied, B., Zangerle, R., Vassilenko, A., Mitsura, M. V., Paduto, D., Florence, E., Vandekerckhove, L., Hadziosmanovic, V., Begovac, J., Machala, L., Jilich, D., Sedlacek, D., Kronborg, G., Benfield, T., Gerstoft, J., Katzenstein, T., Moller, F. N., Ostergaard, L., Wiese, L., Nielsen, N. L., Zilmer, K., Smidt, J., Aho, I., Viard, J. P., Girard, P. M., Duvivier, C., Schmidt, R., Degen, O., Stellbrink, J. H., Stefan, C., Bogner, J., Chkhartishvili, N., Gargalianos, P., Xylomenos, G., Armenis, K., Sambatakou, H., Szlavik, J., Gottfredsson, M., Mulcahy, F., Yust, I., Turner, D., Burke, M., Shahar, E., Hassoun, G., Elinav, H., Haouzi, M., Elbirt, D., Sthoeger, M. Z., Esposito, R., Mazeu, I., Mussini, C., Mazzotta, F., Gabbuti, A., Vullo, V., Lichtner, M., Zaccarelli, M., Antinori, A., Acinapura, R., Plazzi, M., Lazzarin, A., Castagna, A., Gianotti, N., Galli, M., Ridolfo, A., Rozentale, B., Uzdaviniene, V., Matulionyte, R., Staub, T., Hemmer, R., Ormaasen, V., Maeland, A., Bruun, J., Knysz, B., Gasiorowski, J., Inglot, M., Bakowska, E., Flisiak, R., Grzeszczuk, A., Parczewski, M., Maciejewska, K., Aksak-Was, B., Beniowski, M., Mularska, E., Smiatacz, T., Gensing, M., Jablonowska, E., Malolepsza, E., Wojcik, K., Mozer-Lisewska, I., Caldeira, L., Mansinho, K., Maltez, F., Radoi, R., Oprea, C., Panteleev, A., Panteleev, O., Yakovlev, A., Trofimora, T., Khromova, I., Kuzovatova, E., Borodulina, E., Vdoushkina, E., Jevtovic, D., Tomazic, J., Miro, M. J., Moreno, S., Rodriguez, J. M., Clotet, B., Jou, A., Paredes, R., Tural, C., Puig, J., Bravo, I., Gutierrez, M., Mateo, G., Laporte, M. J., Falconer, K., Thalme, A., Sonnerborg, A., Blaxhult, A., Flamholc, L., Cavassini, M., Calmy, A., Furrer, H., Battegay, M., Schmid, P., Kuznetsova, A., Kyselyova, G., Sluzhynska, M., Johnson, A. M., Simons, E., Orkin, C., Weber, J., Scullard, G., Clarke, A., Leen, C., Thulin, G., Akerlund, B., Koppel, K., Karlsson, A., Hakangard, C., Castelli, F., Cauda, R., Di Perri, G., Iardino, R., Ippolito, G., Marchetti, C. G., Perno, F. C., von Schloesser, F., Viale, P., Ceccherini-Silberstein, F., Girardi, E., Lo Caputo, S., Puoti, M., Andreoni, M., Ammassari, A., Balotta, C., Bandera, A., Bonfanti, P., Bonora, S., Borderi, M., Calcagno, A., Calza, L., Capobianchi, R. M., Cingolani, A., Cinque, P., De Luca, A., Di Biagio, A., Gori, A., Guaraldi, G., Lapadula, G., Madeddu, G., Maggiolo, F., Marcotullio, S., Monno, L., Nozza, S., Quiros Roldan, E., Rossotti, R., Rusconi, S., Santoro, M. M., Saracino, A., Galli, L., Lorenzini, P., Rodano, A., Shanyinde, M., Carletti, F., Carrara, S., Di Caro, A., Graziano, S., Petrone, F., Prota, G., Quartu, S., Truffa, S., Giacometti, A., Costantini, A., Barocci, V., Angarano, G., Santoro, C., Suardi, C., Donati, V., Verucchi, G., Minardi, C., Quirino, T., Abeli, C., Manconi, E. P., Piano, P., Cacopardo, B., Celesia, B., Vecchiet, J., Falasca, K., Pan, A., Lorenzotti, S., Sighinolfi, L., Segala, D., Vichi, F., Cassola, G., Viscoli, C., Alessandrini, A., Bobbio, N., Mazzarello, G., Mastroianni, C., Belvisi, V., Caramma, I., Chiodera, A., Milini, P., Rizzardini, G., Moioli, C. M., Piolini, R., Ridolfo, L. A., Salpietro, S., Tincati, C., Puzzolante, C., Abrescia, N., Chirianni, A., Borgia, G., Orlando, R., Bonadies, G., Di Martino, F., Gentile, I., Maddaloni, L., Cattelan, M. A., Marinello, S., Cascio, A., Colomba, C., Baldelli, F., Schiaroli, E., Parruti, G., Sozio, F., Magnani, G., Ursitti, A. M., Cristaudo, A., Baldin, G., Capozzi, M., Cicalini, S., Fontanelli Sulekova, L., Iaiani, G., Latini, A., Mastrorosa, I., Savinelli, S., Vergori, A., Cecchetto, M., Viviani, F., Bagella, P., Rossetti, B., Franco, A., Fontana Del Vecchio, R., Francisci, D., Di Giuli, C., Caramello, P., Orofino, C. G., Sciandra, M., Bassetti, M., Londero, A., Pellizzer, G., Manfrin, V., Starnini, G., Ialungo, A., Dellamonica, P., Bernard, E., Courjon, J., Cua, E., De Salvador-Guillouet, F., Durant, J., Etienne, C., Ferrando, S., Mondain-Miton, V., Naqvi, A., Perbost, I., Pillet, S., Prouvost-Keller, B., Pugliese, P., Rio, V., Risso, K., Roger, M. P., Aubert, V., Bernasconi, E., Ciuffi, A., Dollenmaier, G., Egger, M., Elzi, L., Fehr, J., Fellay, J., Gunthard, F. H., Haerry, D., Hasse, B., Hirsch, H. H., Hoffmann, M., Hosli, I., Kahlert, C., Kaiser, L., Keiser, O., Klimkait, T., Kouyos, D. R., Kovari, H., Ledergerber, B., Martinetti, G., Martinez de Tejada, B., Marzolini, C., Metzner, J. K., Muller, N., Nicca, D., Pantaleo, G., Paioni, P., Rauch, A., Rudin, C., Speck, R., Stockle, M., Tarr, P., Trkola, A., Vernazza, P., Wandeler, G., Yerly, S., Global Health, Infectious diseases, AII - Infectious diseases, APH - Aging & Later Life, Chammartin F., Lodi S., Logan R., Ryom L., Mocroft A., Kirk O., D'Arminio Monforte A., Reiss P., Phillips A., El-Sadr W., Hatleberg C.I., Pradier C., Bonnet F., Law M., De Wit S., Sabin C., Lundgren J.D., Bucher H.C., Calvo G., Dabis F., Morfeldt L., Weber R., Lind-Thomsen A., Salbol Brandt R., Hillebreght M., Zaheri S., Wit F.W.N.M., Scherrer A., Schoni-Affolter F., Rickenbach M., Tavelli A., Fanti I., Leleux O., Mourali J., Le Marec F., Boerg E., Thulin E., Sundstrom A., Bartsch G., Thompsen G., Necsoi C., Delforge M., Fontas E., Caissotti C., Dollet K., Mateu S., Torres F., Petoumenos K., Blance A., Huang R., Puhr R., Gronborg Laut K., Kristensen D., Kamara D.A., Smith C.J., Raben D., Matthews C., Bojesen A., Grevsen A.L., Powderly B., Shortman N., Moecklinghoff C., Reilly G., Smit C., Ross M., Fux C.A., Morlat P., Friis-Moller N., Kowalska J., Bohlius J., Bower M., Fatkenheuer G., Grulich A., Sjol A., Meidahl P., Iversen J.S., Hillebregt M., Prins J.M., Kuijpers T.W., Scherpbier H.J., Van Der Meer J.T.M., Godfried M.H., Van Der Poll T., Nellen F.J.B., Geerlings S.E., Van Vugt M., Pajkrt D., Bos J.C., Wiersinga W.J., Van Der Valk M., Goorhuis A., Hovius J.W., Van Eden J., Henderiks A., Van Hes A.M.H., Mutschelknauss M., Nobel H.E., Pijnappel F.J.J., Jurriaans S., Back N.K.T., Zaaijer H.L., Berkhout B., Cornelissen M.T.E., Schinkel C.J., Thomas X.V., Van Den Berge M., Stegeman A., Baas S., Hage De Looff L., Versteeg D., Pronk M.J.H., Ammerlaan H.S.M., de Munnik E.S., Jansz A.R., Tjhie J., Wegdam M.C.A., Deiman B., Scharnhorst V., Van Der Plas A., Weijsenfeld A.M., Van Der Ende M.E., de Vries-Sluijs T.E.M.S., van Gorp E.C.M., Schurink C.A.M., Nouwen J.L., Verbon A., Rijnders B.J.A., Bax H.I., Van Der Feltz M., Bassant N., Van Beek J.E.A., Vriesde M., Van Zonneveld L.M., De Oude-Lubbers A., Van Den Berg-Cameron H.J., Bruinsma-Broekman F.B., de Groot J., De Zeeuw-De Man M., Boucher C.A.B., Koopmans M.P.G., van Kampen J.J.A., Pas S.D., Driessen G.J.A., van Rossum A.M.C., Van Der Knaap L.C., Visser E., Branger J., Rijkeboer-Mes A., Duijf-Van De Ven C.J.H.M., Schippers E.F., van Nieuwkoop C., van IJperen J.M., Geilings J., van der Hut G., Franck P.F.H., Van Eeden A., Brokking W., Groot M., Elsenburg L.J.M., Damen M., Kwa I.S., Groeneveld P.H.P., Bouwhuis J.W., Van Den Berg J.F., Van Hulzen A.G.W., Van Der Bliek G.L., Bor P.C.J., Bloembergen P., Wolfhagen M.J.H.M., Ruijs G.J.H.M., Kroon F.P., De Boer M.G.J., Bauer M.P., Jolink H., Vollaard A.M., Dorama W., Van Holten N., Claas E.C.J., Wessels E., Den Hollander J.G., Pogany K., Roukens A., Kastelijns M., Smit J.V., Smit E., Struik-Kalkman D., Tearno C., Bezemer M., van Niekerk T., Pontesilli O., Lowe S.H., Oude Lashof A.M.L., Posthouwer D., Ackens R.P., Schippers J., Vergoossen R., Weijenberg-Maes B., van Loo I.H.M., Havenith T.R.A., Leyten E.M.S., Gelinck L.B.S., van Hartingsveld A., Meerkerk C., Wildenbeest G.S., Mutsaers J.A.E.M., Jansen C.L., Mulder J.W., Vrouenraets S.M.E., Lauw F.N., van Broekhuizen M.C., Paap H., Vlasblom D.J., Smits P.H.M., Weijer S., El Moussaoui R., Bosma A.S., van Vonderen M.G.A., van Houte D.P.F., Kampschreur L.M., Dijkstra K., Faber S., Weel J., Kootstra G.J., Delsing C.E., van der Burg-Van de Plas M., Heins H., Lucas E., Kortmann W., van Twillert G., Cohen Stuart J.W.T., Diederen B.M.W., van Truijen-Oud F.A., van der Reijden W.A., Jansen R., Brinkman K., van den Berk G.E.L., Blok W.L., Frissen P.H.J., Lettinga K.D., Schouten W.E.M., Veenstra J., Brouwer J.C., Geerders F.G., Hoeksema K., Kleene J.M., van der Meche B.I., Spelbrink M., Sulman H., Toonen A.J.M., Wijnands S., Kwa D., Witte E., Koopmans P.P., Keuter M., van der Ven A.J.A.M., ter Hofstede H.J.M., Dofferhoff A.S.M., van Crevel R., Albers M., Bosch M.E.W., Grintjes-Huisman K.J.T., Zomer J.B., Stelma F.F., Rahamat-Langendoen J., Burger D., Richter C., Gisolf H.E., Hassing J.R., ter Beest G., van Bentum P.H.M., Langebeek N., Tiemessen R., Swanink C.M.A., van Lelyveld S.F.L., Soetekouw R., Hulshoff N., van der Prijt L.M.M., van der Swaluw J., Bermon N., Herpers B.L., Veenendaal D., Verhagen W.D.M., van Wijk M., van Kasteren M.E.E., Brouwer E.A., de Kruijf-Van de Wiel B.A.F.M., Kuipers M., Santegoets R.M.W.J., van der Ven B., Marcelis H.J., Buiting A.G.M., Kabel J.P., Bierman W.F.W., Scholvinck H., Wilting R.K., Stienstra Y., de Groot-De Jonge H., van der Meulen A.P., de Weerd A.D., Ludwig-Roukema J., Niesters H.G.M., Riezebos-Brilman A., van Leer-Buter C.C., Knoester M., Hoepelman A.I.M., Mudrikova T., Ellerbroek M.P., Oosterheert J.J., Arends E.J., Barth E.R., Wassenberg M.W.M., Schadd M.E., van Elst-Laurijssen D.H.M., van Oers-Hazelzet B.E., Vervoort S., van Berkel M., Schuurman R., Verduyn-Lunel F., Wensing A.M.J., Peters E.J.G., van Agtmael A.M., Bomers M., de Vocht J., Heitmuller M., Laan M.L., Pettersson M.A., Vandenbroucke-Grauls C.M.J.E., Ang W.C., Geelen S.P.M., Wolfs T.F.W., Bont J.L., Nauta N., Bezemer O.D., van Sighem I.A., Boender S.T., de Jong A., Bergsma D., Hoekstra P., de Lang A., Grivell S., Jansen A., Rademaker J.M., Raethke M., Meijering R., Schnorr S., de Groot L., van den Akker M., Bakker Y., Claessen E., El Berkaoui A., Koops J., Kruijne E., Lodewijk C., Munjishvili L., Peeck B., Ree C., Regtop R., Ruijs Y., Rutkens T., van de Sande L., Schoorl M., Timmerman A., Tuijn E., Veenenberg L., van der Vliet S., Wisse A., Woudstra T., Tuk B., Dupon M., Gaborieau V., Lacoste D., Malvy D., Mercie P., Neau D., Pellegrin L.J., Tchamgoue S., Lazaro E., Cazanave C., Vandenhende M., Vareil O.M., Gerard Y., Blanco P., Bouchet S., Breilh D., Fleury H., Pellegrin I., Chene G., Thiebaut R., Wittkop L., Lawson-Ayayi S., Gimbert A., Desjardin S., Lacaze-Buzy L., Petrov-Sanchez V., Andre N., Bernard K., Caubet O., Caunegre L., Chossat I., Courtault C., Dauchy A.F., Dondia D., Duffau P., Dutronc H., Farbos S., Faure I., Ferrand H., Greib C., Hessamfar M., Imbert Y., Lataste P., Marie J., Mechain M., Monlun E., Ochoa A., Pistone T., Raymond I., Receveur C.M., Rispal P., Sorin L., Valette C., Viallard J.F., Wille H., Wirth G., Lafon M., Trimoulet P., Bellecave P., Tumiotto C., Haramburu F., Miremeont-Salame G., Blaizeau J.M., Decoin M., Hannapier C., Lenaud E., Pougetoux A., Delveaux S., D'Ivernois C., Diarra F., Uwamaliya-Nziyumvira B., Palmer G., Conte V., Sapparrart V., Moore R., Edwards S., Hoy J., Watson K., Roth N., Lau H., Bloch M., Baker D., Carr A., Cooper D., O'Sullivan M., Nolan D., Guelfi G., Domingo P., Sambeat A.M., Gatell J., Del Cacho E., Cadafalch J., Fuster M., Codina C., Sirera G., Vaque A., Clumeck N., Gennotte F.A., Gerard M., Kabeya K., Konopnicki D., Libois A., Martin C., Payen C.M., Semaille P., Van Laethem Y., Neaton J., El-Sadr M.W., Krum E., Thompson G., 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Sthoeger M.Z., Esposito R., Mazeu I., Mussini C., Mazzotta F., Gabbuti A., Vullo V., Lichtner M., Zaccarelli M., Antinori A., Acinapura R., Plazzi M., Lazzarin A., Castagna A., Gianotti N., Galli M., Ridolfo A., Rozentale B., Uzdaviniene V., Matulionyte R., Staub T., Hemmer R., Ormaasen V., Maeland A., Bruun J., Knysz B., Gasiorowski J., Inglot M., Bakowska E., Flisiak R., Grzeszczuk A., Parczewski M., Maciejewska K., Aksak-Was B., Beniowski M., Mularska E., Smiatacz T., Gensing M., Jablonowska E., Malolepsza E., Wojcik K., Mozer-Lisewska I., Caldeira L., Mansinho K., Maltez F., Radoi R., Oprea C., Panteleev A., Panteleev O., Yakovlev A., Trofimora T., Khromova I., Kuzovatova E., Borodulina E., Vdoushkina E., Jevtovic D., Tomazic J., Miro M.J., Moreno S., Rodriguez J.M., Clotet B., Jou A., Paredes R., Tural C., Puig J., Bravo I., Gutierrez M., Mateo G., Laporte M.J., Falconer K., Thalme A., Sonnerborg A., Blaxhult A., Flamholc L., Cavassini M., Calmy A., Furrer H., Battegay M., Schmid 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E.P., Piano P., Cacopardo B., Celesia B., Vecchiet J., Falasca K., Pan A., Lorenzotti S., Sighinolfi L., Segala D., Vichi F., Cassola G., Viscoli C., Alessandrini A., Bobbio N., Mazzarello G., Mastroianni C., Belvisi V., Caramma I., Chiodera A., Milini P., Rizzardini G., Moioli C.M., Piolini R., Ridolfo L.A., Salpietro S., Tincati C., Puzzolante C., Abrescia N., Chirianni A., Borgia G., Orlando R., Bonadies G., Di Martino F., Gentile I., Maddaloni L., Cattelan M.A., Marinello S., Cascio A., Colomba C., Baldelli F., Schiaroli E., Parruti G., Sozio F., Magnani G., Ursitti A.M., Cristaudo A., Baldin G., Capozzi M., Cicalini S., Fontanelli Sulekova L., Iaiani G., Latini A., Mastrorosa I., Savinelli S., Vergori A., Cecchetto M., Viviani F., Bagella P., Rossetti B., Franco A., Fontana Del Vecchio R., Francisci D., Di Giuli C., Caramello P., Orofino C.G., Sciandra M., Bassetti M., Londero A., Pellizzer G., Manfrin V., Starnini G., Ialungo A., Dellamonica P., Bernard E., Courjon J., Cua E., De 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O, D'Arminio Monforte, A, Reiss, P, Phillips, A, El-Sadr, W, Hatleberg, C, Pradier, C, Bonnet, F, Law, M, De Wit, S, Sabin, C, Lundgren, J, Bucher, H, Calvo, G, Dabis, F, Morfeldt, L, Weber, R, Lind-Thomsen, A, Salbol Brandt, R, Hillebreght, M, Zaheri, S, Wit, F, Scherrer, A, Schoni-Affolter, F, Rickenbach, M, Tavelli, A, Fanti, I, Leleux, O, Mourali, J, Le Marec, F, Boerg, E, Thulin, E, Sundstrom, A, Bartsch, G, Thompsen, G, Necsoi, C, Delforge, M, Fontas, E, Caissotti, C, Dollet, K, Mateu, S, Torres, F, Petoumenos, K, Blance, A, Huang, R, Puhr, R, Gronborg Laut, K, Kristensen, D, Kamara, D, Smith, C, Raben, D, Matthews, C, Bojesen, A, Grevsen, A, Powderly, B, Shortman, N, Moecklinghoff, C, Reilly, G, Smit, C, Ross, M, Fux, C, Morlat, P, Friis-Moller, N, Kowalska, J, Bohlius, J, Bower, M, Fatkenheuer, G, Grulich, A, Sjol, A, Meidahl, P, Iversen, J, Hillebregt, M, Prins, J, Kuijpers, T, Scherpbier, H, Van Der Meer, J, Godfried, M, Van Der Poll, T, Nellen, F, Geerlings, S, Van Vugt, M, 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M, Elsenburg, L, Damen, M, Kwa, I, Groeneveld, P, Bouwhuis, J, Van Den Berg, J, Van Hulzen, A, Van Der Bliek, G, Bor, P, Bloembergen, P, Wolfhagen, M, Ruijs, G, Kroon, F, De Boer, M, Bauer, M, Jolink, H, Vollaard, A, Dorama, W, Van Holten, N, Claas, E, Wessels, E, Den Hollander, J, Pogany, K, Roukens, A, Kastelijns, M, Smit, J, Smit, E, Struik-Kalkman, D, Tearno, C, Bezemer, M, van Niekerk, T, Pontesilli, O, Lowe, S, Oude Lashof, A, Posthouwer, D, Ackens, R, Schippers, J, Vergoossen, R, Weijenberg-Maes, B, van Loo, I, Havenith, T, Leyten, E, Gelinck, L, van Hartingsveld, A, Meerkerk, C, Wildenbeest, G, Mutsaers, J, Jansen, C, Mulder, J, Vrouenraets, S, Lauw, F, van Broekhuizen, M, Paap, H, Vlasblom, D, Smits, P, Weijer, S, El Moussaoui, R, Bosma, A, van Vonderen, M, van Houte, D, Kampschreur, L, Dijkstra, K, Faber, S, Weel, J, Kootstra, G, Delsing, C, van der Burg-Van de Plas, M, Heins, H, Lucas, E, Kortmann, W, van Twillert, G, Cohen Stuart, J, Diederen, B, van Truijen-Oud, F, van der 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Xylomenos, G, Armenis, K, Sambatakou, H, Szlavik, J, Gottfredsson, M, Mulcahy, F, Yust, I, Turner, D, Burke, M, Shahar, E, Hassoun, G, Elinav, H, Haouzi, M, Elbirt, D, Sthoeger, M, Esposito, R, Mazeu, I, Mussini, C, Mazzotta, F, Gabbuti, A, Vullo, V, Lichtner, M, Zaccarelli, M, Antinori, A, Acinapura, R, Plazzi, M, Lazzarin, A, Castagna, A, Gianotti, N, Galli, M, Ridolfo, A, Rozentale, B, Uzdaviniene, V, Matulionyte, R, Staub, T, Hemmer, R, Ormaasen, V, Maeland, A, Bruun, J, Knysz, B, Gasiorowski, J, Inglot, M, Bakowska, E, Flisiak, R, Grzeszczuk, A, Parczewski, M, Maciejewska, K, Aksak-Was, B, Beniowski, M, Mularska, E, Smiatacz, T, Gensing, M, Jablonowska, E, Malolepsza, E, Wojcik, K, Mozer-Lisewska, I, Caldeira, L, Mansinho, K, Maltez, F, Radoi, R, Oprea, C, Panteleev, A, Panteleev, O, Yakovlev, A, Trofimora, T, Khromova, I, Kuzovatova, E, Borodulina, E, Vdoushkina, E, Jevtovic, D, Tomazic, J, Miro, M, Moreno, S, Rodriguez, J, Clotet, B, Jou, A, Paredes, R, Tural, C, Puig, J, Bravo, I, Gutierrez, M, Mateo, G, Laporte, M, Falconer, K, Thalme, A, Sonnerborg, A, Blaxhult, A, Flamholc, L, Cavassini, M, Calmy, A, Furrer, H, Battegay, M, Schmid, P, Kuznetsova, A, Kyselyova, G, Sluzhynska, M, Johnson, A, Simons, E, Orkin, C, Weber, J, Scullard, G, Clarke, A, Leen, C, Thulin, G, Akerlund, B, Koppel, K, Karlsson, A, Hakangard, C, Castelli, F, Cauda, R, Di Perri, G, Iardino, R, Ippolito, G, Marchetti, C, Perno, F, von Schloesser, F, Viale, P, Ceccherini-Silberstein, F, Girardi, E, Lo Caputo, S, Puoti, M, Andreoni, M, Ammassari, A, Balotta, C, Bandera, A, Bonfanti, P, Bonora, S, Borderi, M, Calcagno, A, Calza, L, Capobianchi, R, Cingolani, A, Cinque, P, De Luca, A, Di Biagio, A, Gori, A, Guaraldi, G, Lapadula, G, Madeddu, G, Maggiolo, F, Marcotullio, S, Monno, L, Nozza, S, Quiros Roldan, E, Rossotti, R, Rusconi, S, Santoro, M, Saracino, A, Galli, L, Lorenzini, P, Rodano, A, Shanyinde, M, Carletti, F, Carrara, S, Di Caro, A, Graziano, S, Petrone, F, Prota, G, Quartu, S, 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C, Sciandra, M, Bassetti, M, Londero, A, Pellizzer, G, Manfrin, V, Starnini, G, Ialungo, A, Dellamonica, P, Bernard, E, Courjon, J, Cua, E, De Salvador-Guillouet, F, Durant, J, Etienne, C, Ferrando, S, Mondain-Miton, V, Naqvi, A, Perbost, I, Pillet, S, Prouvost-Keller, B, Pugliese, P, Rio, V, Risso, K, Roger, M, Aubert, V, Bernasconi, E, Ciuffi, A, Dollenmaier, G, Egger, M, Elzi, L, Fehr, J, Fellay, J, Gunthard, F, Haerry, D, Hasse, B, Hirsch, H, Hoffmann, M, Hosli, I, Kahlert, C, Kaiser, L, Keiser, O, Klimkait, T, Kouyos, D, Kovari, H, Ledergerber, B, Martinetti, G, Martinez de Tejada, B, Marzolini, C, Metzner, J, Muller, N, Nicca, D, Pantaleo, G, Paioni, P, Rauch, A, Rudin, C, Speck, R, Stockle, M, Tarr, P, Trkola, A, Vernazza, P, Wandeler, G, Yerly, S, Internal medicine, Pediatric surgery, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Faculteit Medische Wetenschappen/UMCG, Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), and Molecular Pharmacology

Subjects
Male, HIV AIDS, HIV Infections, 0302 clinical medicine, Interquartile range, Risk Factors, Neoplasms, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, 0303 health sciences, Incidence, Absolute risk reduction, Drugs, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Viral Load, Antiretroviral therapy, 3. Good health, AIDS, Cancer treatment, Prevention policy and public health, Cohort, Infectious diseases, Cohort studies, Female, Viral load, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Anti-HIV Agents, HIV Infections/drug therapy, Socio-culturale, Time-to-Treatment, 03 medical and health sciences, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, Humans, Adverse effect, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, HIV, Cancer, medicine.disease, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Neoplasms/epidemiology
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Immediate initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) regardless of CD4 cell count reduces risk for AIDS and non-AIDS-related events in asymptomatic, HIV-positive persons and is the standard of care. However, most HIV-positive persons initiate ART when their CD4 count decreases below 500 × 10 9 cells/L. Consequences of delayed ART on risk for non-AIDS-defining and AIDS-defining cancer, one of the most common reasons for death in HIV, are unclear. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the long-term risk difference for cancer with the immediate ART strategy.DESIGN: Multinational prospective cohort study.SETTING: The D:A:D (Data collection on Adverse events of anti-HIV Drugs) study, which included HIV-positive persons from Europe, Australia, and the United States.PARTICIPANTS: 8318 HIV-positive persons with at least 1 measurement each of CD4 cell count and viral load while ART-naive (study period, 2006 to 2016).MEASUREMENTS: The parametric g-formula was used, with adjustment for baseline and time-dependent confounders (CD4 cell count and viral load), to assess the 10-year risk for non-AIDS-defining and AIDS-defining cancer of immediate versus deferred (at CD4 counts RESULTS: During 64 021 person-years of follow-up, 231 cases of non-AIDS-defining cancer and 272 of AIDS-defining cancer occurred among HIV-positive persons with a median age of 36 years (interquartile range, 29 to 43 years). With immediate ART, the 10-year risk for non-AIDS-defining cancer was 2.97% (95% CI, 2.37% to 3.50%) and that for AIDS-defining cancer was 2.50% (CI, 2.37% to 3.38%). Compared with immediate ART initiation, the 10-year absolute risk differences when deferring ART to CD4 counts less than 500 × 10 9 cells/L and less than 350 × 10 9 cells/L were 0.12 percentage point (CI, -0.01 to 0.26 percentage point) and 0.29 percentage point (CI, -0.03 to 0.73 percentage point), respectively, for non-AIDS-defining cancer and 0.32 percentage point (CI, 0.21 to 0.44 percentage point) and 1.00 percentage point (CI, 0.67 to 1.44 percentage points), respectively, for AIDS-defining cancer. LIMITATION: Potential residual confounding due to observational study design.CONCLUSION: In this young cohort, effects of immediate ART on 10-year risk for cancer were small, and further supportive data are needed for non-AIDS-defining cancer.PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Oversight Committee.

Published
2021

100. Response of the fish assemblage to a saltwater barrier and paper mill effluent in the Lower Neches River (Texas) during drought

Author

Rebecca I. Pizano-Torres, Katherine A. Roach, and Kirk O. Winemiller

Subjects
Environmental flow, estuary, hydrology, hypoxia, salinity, species richness, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

In 2011, Texas experienced record heat and drought that escalated concerns about environmental flows for rivers. In response to these worries, fishes and water quality were sampled in the Lower Neches River, Texas, from May-August 2012 during continued drought. Potential effects of hydrology on environmental parameters and assemblages of small (seine samples) and large (gillnet samples) fishes were evaluated at multiple locations. Approximately 1 km downstream from the saltwater barrier, paper mill effluent discharges into the river. Salinity was higher and dissolved oxygen lower below the saltwater barrier during low-flow intervals. Fish species richness in seine samples, was higher when the barrier was open, and species richness for both gear types was lowest at sites closest to the paper mill effluent discharge. Overall, species richness was higher at sites below the barrier, with more estuarine and marine species present. When the barrier was closed, richness and abundance of sensitive freshwater species were lower below the barrier. Closure of the barrier during drought results in accumulation of dissolved organic compounds from paper mill effluent and lower dissolved oxygen in the reach below the barrier. To sustain biodiversity in the system, subsistence flows must pass across the saltwater barrier during droughts.

Published
2017
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