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The authors researched the incidence of suicidal thoughts and related factors in 123 patients of the psychiatric ward of the Hospital of České Budějovice with diagnosed attempted suicide in their medical history for the period from January 2013 – June 2015.The research was carried out in two stages. At the beginning of the hospitalization, quantitative data collection was implemented using a semi-structured questionnaire, followed by qualitative research conducted with semi-structured phone conversation, based on previous patient's written consent. The research data were statistically processed to obtain information about the character of relations among individual characteristics. To quantify them, the Bayesian Network (BN) was constructed, and to identify relations among individual characteristics, the Hill-Climbing algorithm was used. Before deriving the network, variables were discretized. The network parameters were set based on a data matrix using the maximal plausibility method.The results of analysed set show that the probability of suicidal thoughts is high, achieving a value of 0.750 (0.781 for women and 0.724 for men). If the patient visits a contact centre for drug-addicted persons, the probability of suicidal thoughts decreases to 0.683. If the patient visits a psychotherapist, the values of 0.736 are achieved. If a daily care centre is visited, the estimated risk rises to 0.832 and the probability of the patient repetitively attempting suicide is 0.606. If the interviewed person regularly consumes alcohol, the probable relapse amounts to 0.616. But if the person consumes alcohol from time to time, the probability rises to 0.701. In case of abstinence, the probable relapse decreases to 0.565.The incidence of suicidal thoughts in observed patients was high, and the amount of risk was influenced by gender, by visiting follow-up care facilities, psychotherapy, and particularly by the frequency of alcohol consumption. Intermittent alcohol consumption is the highest-risk factor in connection with relapsing suicide. In case of psychiatric patients with attempted suicide in their medical history, all verified preventive and therapeutic procedures that can contribute to prevention of relapses should be used within follow-up professional care. Specific approach of the closest social environment, medical literacy of the population and state safety measures are important.

The diploma thesis deals with the question of how the economic development affects the ability of the indebted persons to repay the loans. The aim of this diploma thesis is to perform its own verification and subsequent proof of causality between the number of ordered executions and selected macroeconomic indicators in the time period 2010-2016. The research question will be answered whether there is a link between the macroeconomic indicators of the NUTS II CZ regions and the number of ordered executions. Literary research is focused on regional disparities, aspects of ordered executions, methods of executions, course of ordered executions and legislative modification. The subject of the empirical part is a multidimensional analysis of panel data, through which the obtained outputs are used to answer the research question.

This bachelor thesis is focused on the area of business in social services, specifically on a business plan for foundation of the private retirement home. The aim of the thesis is data processing for setting the business of accommodation and social services for retirees with using methods and procedures of strategic management. The work is divided into two parts theoretical and a practical one. Basic concepts and tools related to this topic, according to the specialists from the whole world and relevant legislation, are mentioned in the first part of the thesis. The second part is designed as the proposal of the business plan. The businnes plan, on the base of the structured interviews from well-established private and public retirement homes, is drawed up. The most possible risks of this project are evaluated in conclusion.

The bachelor's thesis "The influence of substance use on adolescent socialization - case study Třebíč" deals with under age smoking and alcohol consumption. It looks at the issue through the theoretical concept of socialization. The main emphasis is placed on factors of secondary socialization and therefore the aim of the research project is to focus on peer groups involving the interaction with their parents. The project conclusion is supposed to specify the most important factors influencing the adolescent's approach to the selective addictive substances. The theoretical framework of work is based on characteristics of the socialization process, its division and terminology with the characteristics of the period of adolescence as an important development period, which puts a specific emphasis on social interactions and the creation of social ties. The methodological background of the work consists of researches on this topic which have already been carried out. The work is structured as a case study and through the questionnaire survey (SAQ) on a sample of students from a grammar school, secondary technical school and secondary vocational school in Třebíč. It further identifies the circumstances and the social context of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption of adolescents. The results of the...

Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) are common soil saprophytes, but certain strains cause infections in human and animals. The infections due to RGM have been increasing in past decades and are often difficult to treat. The susceptibility to antibiotics is regularly evaluated in clinical isolates of RGM, but the data on soil RGM are missing. The objectives of this study was to isolate RGM from four grassland soils with different impact of manuring, and assess their resistance to antibiotics and the ability to grow at 37°C and 42°C. Since isolation of RGM from soil is a challenge, a conventional decontamination method (NaOH/malachite green/cycloheximide) and a recent method based on olive oil/SDS demulsification were compared. The olive oil/SDS method was less efficient, mainly because of the emulsion instability and plate overgrowing with other bacteria. Altogether, 44 isolates were obtained and 23 representatives of different RGM genotypes were screened. The number of isolates per soil decreased with increasing soil pH, consistently with previous findings that mycobacteria were more abundant in low pH soils. Most of the isolates belonged to the Mycobacterium fortuitum group. The majority of isolates was resistant to 2-4 antibiotics. Multiresistant strains occurred also in a control soil that has a long history without the exposure to antibiotic-containing manure. Seven isolates grew at 37°C, including the species M. septicum and M. fortuitum known for infections in humans. This study shows that multiresistant RGM close to known human pathogens occur in grassland soils regardless the soil history of manuring.

Campylobacteriosis is among the most frequently reported foodborne diseases in both the Czech Republic (CR) and South Bohemian Region (SBR). Campylobacteriosis has been a notifiable disease in the CR since 1984. The objective of this study is the analysis of the data reported to the surveillance system between 2005 and 2014 to describe the seasonal variation, age specific incidence, and route of transmission of campylobacteriosis in the South Bohemian Region.The data reported to the surveillance system EPIDAT from 2005 to 2014 were analysed in order to determine the incidence trends and seasonality, age distribution, and route of transmission of campylobacteriosis in the South Bohemian Region.Campylobacteriosis incidence in the South Bohemian Region follows the same annual pattern as in the Czech Republic. There is a very slight declining trend in the incidence over the study period. A strong seasonal variation was observed, with a late summer peak and a winter low. An exception to the regularity of the incidence pattern was an outbreak notified in 2010. The most affected age groups are children 1 to 5 years and newborns (0 age group). In the other age groups, the incidence has a declining tendency. The most common vehicles for the transmission of campylobacteriosis are chicken and meat products while other vehicles and routes of transmission have been reported exceptionally.Only one third of cases have been notified along with the suspected route of transmission. The most common route of transmission is through the consumption of contaminated chicken and meat, including smoked meat products. Therefore, the measures targeting consumers and also producers of poultry, meat, and unpasteurized milk products may contribute to the reduction of campylobacteriosis incidence.

Pseudoscorpions are found in almost all terrestrial habitats. However, their uniform appearance presents a challenge for morphology-based taxonomy, which may underestimate the diversity of this order. We performed cytogenetic analyses on 11 pseudoscorpion species of the genus Chthonius C. L. Koch, 1843 from the Alps, including three subgenera: Chthonius (Chthonius) C. L. Koch, 1843, C. (Ephippiochthonius) Beier, 1930 and C. (Globochthonius) Beier, 1931 inhabiting this region. The results show that the male diploid number of chromosomes ranges from 21–35. The sex chromosome system X0 has been detected in all male specimens. The X sex chromosome is always metacentric and represents the largest chromosome in the nucleus. Achiasmatic meiosis, already known from the family Chthoniidae, was further confirmed in males of Chthonius. C-banding corroborated the localization of constitutive heterochromatin in the centromere region, which corresponds to heteropycnotic knobs on the standard chromosome preparations. Morphological types and size differentiation of chromosomes in the karyotype suggest that the main chromosomal rearrangements in the evolution of Chthonius are centric or tandem fusions resulting in a decrease in the number of chromosomes. Pericentric inversions, inducing the change of acrocentric chromosomes into biarmed chromosomes, could also be expected. Variability in chromosome morphology and number was detected in several species: C. (C.) ischnocheles (Hermann, 1804), C. (C.) raridentatus, C. (C.) rhodochelatus Hadži, 1930, and C. (C.) tenuis L. Koch, 1873. We discuss the intraspecific variability within these species and the potential existence of cryptic species.

Pseudoscorpions are found in almost all terrestrial habitats. However, their uniform appearance presents a challenge for morphology-based taxonomy, which may underestimate the diversity of this order. We performed cytogenetic analyses on 11 pseudoscorpion species of the genus Chthonius C. L. Koch, 1843 from the Alps, including three subgenera: Chthonius (Chthonius) C. L. Koch, 1843, Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) Beier, 1930 and Chthonius (Globochthonius) Beier, 1931 inhabiting this region. The results show that the male diploid number of chromosomes ranges from 21–35. The sex chromosome system X0 has been detected in all male specimens. The X sex chromosome is always metacentric and represents the largest chromosome in the nucleus. Achiasmatic meiosis, already known from the family Chthoniidae, was further confirmed in males of Chthonius. C-banding corroborated the localization of constitutive heterochromatin in the centromere region, which corresponds to heteropycnotic knobs on the standard chromosome preparations. Morphological types and size differentiation of chromosomes in the karyotype suggest that the main chromosomal rearrangements in the evolution of Chthonius are centric or tandem fusions resulting in a decrease in the number of chromosomes. Pericentric inversions, inducing the change of acrocentric chromosomes into biarmed chromosomes, could also be expected. Variability in chromosome morphology and number was detected in several species: Chthonius (Chthonius) ischnocheles (Hermann, 1804), Chthonius (Chthonius) raridentatus, Chthonius (Chthonius) rhodochelatus Hadži, 1930, and Chthonius (Chthonius) tenuis L. Koch, 1873. We discuss the intraspecific variability within these species and the potential existence of cryptic species.

This bachelor thesis deals with linear and bilinear models used for modelling time series data applicable in economy and finance. The thesis consists of a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part briefly describes ARMA and bilinear process, issues of linear model identification, estimation of the parameters and moment properties of ARMA(1, 1) a BL(1, 0, 1, 1). The typical characteristics of bilinear models and the quality of the estimated parameters are examined by the simulation study in software Mathematica 10. The acquired findings are applied in search for a suitable model for time series of share prices of the company ČEZ. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Aristolochic acid (AA) causes aristolochic acid nephropathy, Balkan endemic nephropathy, and their urothelial malignancies. To identify enzymes involved in the metabolism of aristolochic acid I (AAI), the major toxic component of AA we used HRN (hepatic cytochrome P450 [Cyp] reductase null) mice, in which NADPH:Cyp oxidoreductase (Por) is deleted in hepatocytes. AAI was demethylated by hepatic Cyps in vitro to 8-hydroxy-aristolochic acid I (AAIa), indicating that less AAI is distributed to extrahepatic organs in wild-type (WT) mice. Indeed, AAI-DNA-adduct levels were significantly higher in organs of HRN mice, having low hepatic AAI demethylation capacity, than in WT mice. Absence of AAI demethylation in HRN mouse liver was confirmed in vitro; hepatic microsomes from WT, but not from HRN mice, oxidized AAI to AAIa. To define the role of hepatic Cyps in AAI demethylation, modulation of AAIa formation by CYP inducers was investigated. We conclude that AAI demethylation is attributable mainly to Cyp1a1/2. The higher AAI-DNA adduct levels in HRN than WT mice were the result of the lack of hepatic AAI demethylation concomitant with a higher activity of cytosolic NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (Nqo1), which activates AAI. Mouse hepatic Cyp1a1/2 also activated AAI to DNA adducts under hypoxic conditions in vitro, but in renal microsomes, Por and Cyp3a are more important than Cyp1a for AAI-DNA adduct formation. We propose that AAI activation and detoxication in mice are dictated mainly by AAI binding affinity to Cyp1a1/2 or Nqo1, by their turnover, and by the balance between oxidation and reduction of AAI by Cyp1a.

Prevalence kouřeni jako aktualniho zdravotniho problemu drtive větsiny zemi vykazuje v poslednich letech mirný pokles spotřeby tabaku předevsim mezi muži a starsimi věkovými skupinami, avsak stoupajici trend mezi ženami a předevsim mladsimi věkovými skupinami a dětmi, kam je take primarně cilen nejen marketing tabakových firem, ale i větsina soucasných výzkumů. Tuto praci proto autoři zaměřili v souvislosti s konanim konference Problematika Generace 50 plus, již je Zdravotně socialni fakulta Jihoceske univerzity pravidelným spolupořadatelem, na sledovani věkově opacneho polu, než jaký je cilem větsiny studii, na skupinu seniorů - soucasných studentů Univerzity třetiho věku Zdravotně socialni fakulty Jihoceske univerzity v C. Budějovicich a jejich studentů bývalých, clenů Klubu Univerzity třetiho věku.Sledovanou skupinu tvořili lide, kteři přistupuji aktivně ke svemu životu a i ve zralem věku jsou aktivni v ziskavani nových informaci. Autoři zkoumali, jake měli a maji postoje a navyky v oblasti konzumace tabaku, jak je ovlivňovala reklama, zdravotnicka osvěta, ekonomicke otazky a zdravotni stav.Zakladnim zjistěnim je fakt, že s kouřenim dokazala skoncit velka větsina sledovaných kuřaků. Autoři pracovali se vzorkem 97 respondentů ve věku mezi padesati až pětaosmdesati roky, průměrný věk byl 64,5 roku. Ctyřicet tři respondenti z celkoveho poctu 97 uvedli, že někdy v minulosti kouřili. Dnes kouři pouze 6 osob, kouřit přestalo 37 kuřaků, tedy plných 86 % z těch respondentů, jež někdy v minulosti pravidelně dele než rok kouřili. Dalsim zajimavým zjistěnim je nazor respondentů, že ani prevence, ani reklama na tabakove výrobky nehraly při utvařeni jejich postojů a nazorů roli, jež se ji obecně přisuzuje. Nejdůležitějsim faktorem, proc zacinali kouřit, bylo potvrzeni jejich statutu v neformalni skupině - partě, nejcastějsim důvodem, proc přestali, byly obavy ze zdravotnich nasledků kouřeni.

V roce 1988 iniciovala OSN - Světova zdravotni organizace (WHO) mezinarodni Projekt Zdrave město (WHO Healthy Cities Project), ke kteremu přizvala nejvýznamnějsi evropske metropole. Během patnacti let se do projektu zapojilo 1300 Zdravých měst, obci a regionů ve 30 evropských zemich. Po roce 1989 se myslenky uvedeneho projektu zacaly realizovat i v Ceske republice. Zdrave město, obec, mikroregion, kraj je prestižni oznaceni pro municipalitu, ktera je aktivně zapojena do mezinarodniho Projektu Zdrave město (obec, region) pod patronaci OSN-WHO. V roce 1994 vytvořilo jedenact aktivnich měst asociaci s nazvem Narodni siť Zdravých měst Ceske republiky (NSZM CR). NSZM je v soucasne době jedinou municipalni asociaci v CR, ktera ma ve svem statutu systematicky podporovat praktickou realizaci hodnot: udržitelný rozvoj, zdravi a kvalita života v podminkach nasich měst, obci a regionů. Od roku 2003 je asociace otevřena vsem formam municipalit. NSZM CR ma celkem 82 clenů, s regionalnim vlivem na 1.207 měst a obci a 2,4 milionu obyvatel (24 % populace CR). Zakladnimi principy programu jsou podpora zdravi a kvality života obyvatel, podpora udržitelneho rozvoje a aktivni spoluucast a zapojeni siroke veřejnosti. Program se opira o dokumenty Zdravi 21 a Agenda 21 s uzkou vazbou na Strategii udržitelneho rozvoje a program mistni Agenda 21, NEHAP CR/LEHAP (akcni plan zdravi a životniho prostředi - narodni/mistni). Zakladem komunitniho planovani je dle Metodiky NSZM komunitni plan - tzv. "Plan zdravi a kvality života". Plan je provazan se strategickým planem municipality a dalsimi důležitými dokumenty a rovněž s městským rozpoctem tak, aby souběžně přispivaly k systemovemu strategickemu rozvoji. Zdrava města, obce a regiony se promysleně snaži utvařet město (obec, region) jako kvalitni a přijemne misto pro život.

Chřipka je onemocněni, ktere je každorocně v Ceske republice přicinou vysoke nemocnosti a ekonomických ztrat ve vsech pracovnich sferach. V odborných kruzich se vseobecně uznava, že ockovani inaktivovanými komercně dostupnými vakcinami jestě v předchřipkovem obdobi je jednim z nejdůležitějsich preventivnich protiepidemických opatřeni proti teto infekci. Vakcinace v rizikových skupinach může výrazně snižit negativni dopad připadne chřipkove epidemie nebo pandemie nejen na tuto skupinu, nýbrž na populaci jako celek. K umrtim totiž dochazi nejen na chřipku, ale předevsim na jeji komplikace, z nichž nejdůležitějsi je sekundarni bakterialni pneumonie nebo dekompenzace předchoziho onemocněni (srdecni, plicni aj.). Ackoli k větsině umrti na chřipku dochazi u starsi populace, v průběhu epidemii chřipky jsou timto onemocněnim postiženy vsechny věkove skupiny obyvatelstva. Ockovani proti chřipce je v Ceske republice orientovano na osoby patřici do rizikových skupin a tyto jsou uvedeny ve vyhlasce MZd c. 439/2000 Sb., o ockovani proti infekcnim nemocem. Pro uvedene osoby je ockovani bezplatne. Od 1.7. vstoupila v ucinnost nova vyhlaska MZd CR 225/2005 Sb., podle niž budou pojisťovny hradit ockovani proti chřipce nasledujicim skupinam osob: u pacientů nad 65 let věku, u pacientů po splenektomii a transplantaci krvetvorných buněk, u pacientů, kteři trpi zavažným chronickým farmakologicky řeseným onemocněnim srdce a cev nebo dýchacich cest, ledvin a u pacientů s diabetem, pokud nejsou ockovani proti chřipce v ramci pravidelneho ci zvlastniho ockovani podle vyhlasky MZd c. 439/2000 Sb., o ockovani proti infekcnim nemocem, ve zněni pozdějsich předpisů.

Zdravi patři k zakladnim kamenům uspěsne spolecnosti stejně jako svoboda, hospodařska prosperita, vzdělanost a socialni soudržnost. K cilevědomemu udržovani a zvysovani urovně zdravotniho stavu obyvatelstva jsou nutne co nejuplnějsi objektivni poznatky o něm. Bez nich by nebylo možne rozpoznat zavažne zdravotni problemy, řesit je a stanovovat priority a cile zdravotni politiky. Na celosvětovem foru o chronických nemocech v roce 2004 v Ottavě (Kanada) řekl generalni ředitel Světove zdravotnicke organizace (WHO) dr. Lee Jong-wook, že "dnes mame dost znalosti, abychom konali, jsou dostupne a z hlediska nakladů efektivni," a že "preventivni a klinicke způsoby intervence je třeba na celem světě realizovat". Jednim z kroků je i každorocni oslava Světoveho dne zdravi. Světový den zdravi se slavi každorocně 7. dubna. Cilem Světoveho dne zdravi, který se slavi již od roku 1950, je zvýsit globalni povědomi o specificke zdravotni oblasti a zviditelnit hlavni oblasti zajmu Světove zdravotnicke organizace. Světova zdravotnicka organizace každý rok vyhlasuje pro Světový den zdravi tema věnovane urcite problematice soucasne doby.

Clanek se věnuje svepomocnemu spolecenstvi Anonymnich alkoholiků (AA). V prvni casti pisemnosti je zmiňovana definice spolecenstvi AA, ve strucnosti je připominan historický vývoj a soucasný stav AA ve světě, v Ceske republice a v Ceských Budějovicich. Zpochybňovany jsou dva frekventovane mýty, ktere jsou spojovany s AA. Z obsahoveho a formalniho hlediska je analyzovan průběh mitinků AA a několik poznamek se dotýka zakladniho programu AA, který je postavený na dvanacti krocich. Druha cast textu se zabýva racionalni analýzou některých hlavnich terapeutických doporuceni, ktera pomahaji alkoholikům udržovat se ve střizlivosti. Nasledně jsou rozebirany terapeuticke mechanismy, ktere pozitivně působi v ramci skupinových mitinků AA. V zavěrecne casti clanku je diskutovana problematika recidivy u clenů AA a jsou uvaděne některe poznatky, ktere se týkaji drogově zavislých klientů a patologických hraců, jež se mitinků AA ucastni.

1. The aim of the study was to investigate the possibility of preparing adult fowl testes for the production of exogenous germ-lines by eradication of recipient spermatogenesis using gamma-radiation. 2. A comparison between several radiation therapy treatments (based on 60Co isotope) of male testes was conducted using gamma-rays of 18, 22 and 26 Gy in a single dose or repeated doses of 5 x 8 Gy over a 15-d period. Sperm concentration and motility were determined after each treatment. 3. Altered spermatogenesis was observed after a single treatment dose of 18 Gy, while single doses of 26 Gy were followed by reduced sperm numbers (from 22 x 10(9) to 31 x 10(6) sperm/ml) within 60 to 100 d after treatment. After a single treatment of 26 Gy sperm motility was reduced by 50%. In contrast, a fractionated treatment (5 x 8 Gy) with gamma-rays halted spermatogenesis 39 d after the distribution of the first 8 Gy dose. 4. Observations of the seminiferous tubules by electron microscopy performed 12 months after this treatment confirmed that moderate doses of gamma-rays (8 Gy) distributed repeatedly (5 x) over a limited period (15 d) sterilise adult fowl testes but maintain morphologically normal somatic (Leydig and Sertoli) cell populations.

This study aims to functionally characterize two enzymes, HGPRT and XPRT, of an essential purine salvage pathway in the infection stage of Trypanosoma brucei. Localization, in vivo function and in vitro activity of these enzymes were characterized. Effect of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates, putative inhibitors of HGXPRT, on the viability of bloodstream form of T. brucei was evaluated.

This text is intended for all interested parties from the general public, but primarily a narrow range of educational material for teachers in secondary schools, science schools, etc. The work includes chapters devoted to non-original animals in the world, the issue of non-native animals in the CR and their significance. The research deals with the knowledge of elementary school students related to the topic of non-native species.

The aim of this study was to assess amount of available nitrogen and phosphorous in forest soils using the ion exchange resin (IER) bag method in watersheds of Plešné and Čertovo lake from 2003 to 2012. Watersheds were exposed to acidic deposition for long time. The results indicate higher amount of total available nitrogen and phosphorous in soils from the watershed of Plešné lake because the forest there has been infected with bark beetle (Ips typographus) and it influences transformations through the whole ecosystem.

This thesis describes the marketing strategy of the Coolich brand and it also intends to help to improve its situation on the market and to help to broaden its clientele. This brand is known for its handmade products. The aim of this thesis is to describe the current marketing strategy and then to suggest certain improvements. This thesis is divided into four main chapters that are represented by theoretical and also practical parts. The name of the Coolich brand and its history are presented in the beginning of this thesis. The next chapter is focused on description of the marketing mix and each part of this mix is described here in detail. At first, the product is described, together with current brand offer, followed by price and place description. At the end of this chapter the various means of marketing communication are mentioned. Then, the thesis is focused on the market situation including the consumer and competitor analysis. The last chapter is based on questionnaire and according to its results a new marketing strategy was proposed.

The aim of this thesis is description of diversity of Pseudoscorpions (Pseudoscorpiones) in Europe. Europe is the best explored continent of the world in the range of the order Pseudoscorpions. This is due to long-term tradition in the research of Pseudoscorpions. There was noted 755 species in Europe until 2011, which are sorted into 14 families. The most numerous family is Neobisiidae (12 genus, 401 species), following families Chthoniidae (5 genus, 214 species), Chernetidae (8 genus, 49 species), Cheliferidae (9 genus, 37 species), Syarinidae (5 genus, 13 species), Olpiidae (3 genus, 10 species), Larcidae (1 genus, 6 species), Garypinidae (3 genus, 5 species), Atemnidae (2 genus, 5 species), Withiidae (1 genus, 4 species), Geogarypidae (1 genus, 3 species), Cheiridiidae (2 genus, 3 species), Garypidae (1 genus, 3 species) and Bochicidae (2 genus, 2 species). The families Neobisiidae, Chthoniidae, Cheliferidae, Cheiridiidae a Chernetidae occur almost in whole Europe, the remaining families are noted mainly from southern areas of Europe. The extension of Pseudoscorpions is influenced by many factors, either abiotic (temperature, humidity, altitude and geological factor) or biotic (foresy and human influence). In detail it is not possible to evaluate the influence of individual factors due to limited number...

The aim of this study was to create RNAi double-knockdown of two enzymes HGPRT and XPRT and to determine if these enzymes are essential for growth of the bloodstream stage of Trypanosoma brucei. Further, we aim to investigate the intracellular localization of these two enzymes using digitonin fractionation and immunofluorescent assay. In addition, cytotoxicity screen of three selected acyclic nucleoside phosphanates was permormed using T. brucei cell line overexpressing HGPRT and XPRT enzymes to validate their putative targets.

Ellipticine is a pro-drug, whose activation is dependent on its oxidation by cytochromes P450 (CYP) and peroxidases. Cytochrome b5 alters the ratio of ellipticine metabolites formed by isolated reconstituted CYP1A1 and 1A2, favoring formation of 12-hydroxy- and 13-hydroxyellipticine metabolites implicated in ellipticine–DNA adduct formation, at the expense of 9-hydroxy- and 7-hydroxyellipticine that are detoxication products. Cytochrome b5 enhances the production of 12-hydroxy and 13-hydroxyellipticine. The change in metabolite ratio results in an increased formation of covalent ellipticine–DNA adducts, one of the DNA-damaging mechanisms of ellipticine antitumor action. This finding explains previous apparent discrepancies found with isolated enzymes and in vivo, where CYP1A enzymatic activation correlated with ellipticine–DNA-adduct levels while isolated CYP1A1 or 1A2 in reconstituted systems were much less effective than CYP3A4. The effect of cytochrome b5 might be even more pronounced in vivo, since, as we show here, ellipticine increases levels of cytochrome b5 in rat liver. Our results demonstrate that both the native 3D structure of cytochrome b5 and the presence of the heme as an electron transfer agent in this protein enable a shift in ellipticine metabolites formed by CYP1A1/2.

This text is intendet as the general public, but particularly a naroow range of educational material for teachers and coaches of athletics in secondary schools, sports gymnasium, etc. The work includes chapters devoted to the history, description of cross-country disciplines and the general charakteristics of athletic training. The research deals with the effect of athletic training stayers withing five weeks.

This thesis tries to outline a development and diffusion of books of folk reading which, without doubt, presented inseparable part of Czech and Slovak verbal culture. This is confirmed by the fact that their topics are up to the present day a part of our literary tradition. Owing to books of folk reading and their extensive diffusion round the world various cultures could mutually enrich. We will focus on identical and different motives appearing in books of folk reading (especially used in modern editions by Bedrich Vaclavek and Jaroslav Kolar´s) and in Jan Werich´s story book called Fimfarum. Jan Werich in his fairytales used inspiration from folk tradition themes and because of him belonging to a very attractive and individual storyteller, folk themes turned into modern and common fairytales.

A simple and sensitive method was developed to separate the carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and six of its oxidation metabolites generated by rat hepatic microsomes enriched with cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1, by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC method, using an acetonitrile/water gradient as mobile phase and UV detection, provided appropriate separation and detection of both mono- and di-hydroxylated metabolites of BaP as well as BaP diones formed by rat hepatic microsomes and the parental BaP. In this enzymatic system, 3-hydroxy BaP, 9-hydroxy BaP, BaP-4,5-dihydrodiol, BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol, BaP-9,10-dihydrodiol and BaP-dione were generated. Among them the mono-hydroxylated BaP metabolite, 3-hydroxy BaP followed by di-hydroxylated BaP products, BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol and BaP-9,10-dihydrodiol, predominated, while BaP-dione was a minor metabolite. This HPLC method will be useful for further defining the roles of the CYP1A1 enzyme with both in vitro and in vivo models in understanding its real role in activation and detoxification of BaP.

Ellipticine and benzo(a)pyrene increase their own metabolic activation via modulation of expression and enzymatic activity of cytochromes P450 1A1 and 1A2Two compounds known to covalently bind to DNA after their activation with cytochromes P450 (CYPs), carcinogenic benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and an antineoplastic agent ellipticine, were investigated for their potential to induce CYP and NADPH:CYP reductase (POR) enzymes in rodent livers, the main target organ for DNA adduct formation. Two animal models were used in the study: (i) rats as animals mimicking the fate of ellipticine in humans and (ii) mice, especially wild-type (WT) and hepatic POR null (HRN™) mouse lines. Ellipticine and BaP induce expression of CYP1A enzymes in livers of experimental models, which leads to increase in their enzymatic activity. In addition, both compounds are capable of generating DNA adducts, predominantly in livers of studied organisms. As determined by32P postlabelling analysis, levels of ellipticine-derived DNA adducts formedin vivoin the livers of HRN™ mice were reduced (by up to 65%) relative to levels in WT mice, indicating that POR mediated CYP enzyme activity is important for the activation of ellipticine. In contrast to these results, 6.4 fold higher DNA binding of BaP was observed in the livers of HRN™ mice than in WT mice. This finding suggests a detoxication role of CYP1A in BaP metabolismin vivo. Inin vitroexperiments, DNA adduct formation in calf thymus DNA was up to 25 fold higher in incubations of ellipticine or BaP with microsomes from pretreated animals than with controls. This stimulation effect was attributed to induction of CYP1A1/2 enzymes, which are responsible for oxidative activation of both compounds to the metabolites generating major DNA adductsin vitro. Taken together, these results demonstrate that by inducing CYP1A1/2, ellipticine and BaP modulate their own enzymatic metabolic activation and detoxication, thereby modulating their either pharmacological (ellipticine) and/or genotoxic potential (both compounds).

Ellipticine is an antineoplastic agent, which forms covalent DNA adducts mediated by cytochromes P450 (CYP) and peroxidases. We evaluated the role of hepatic versus extra-hepatic metabolism of ellipticine, using the HRN (Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Reductase Null) mouse model, in which cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) is deleted in hepatocytes, resulting in the loss of essentially all hepatic CYP function. HRN and wild-type (WT) mice were treated i.p. with 1 and 10 mg/kg body weight of ellipticine. Multiple ellipticine-DNA adducts detected by (32)P-postlabelling were observed in organs from both mouse strains. Highest total DNA binding levels were found in liver, followed by lung, kidney, urinary bladder, colon and spleen. Ellipticine-DNA adduct levels in the liver of HRN mice were up to 65% lower relative to WT mice, confirming the importance of CYP enzymes for the activation of ellipticine in livers, recently shown in vitro with human and rat hepatic microsomes. When hepatic microsomes of both mouse strains were incubated with ellipticine, ellipticine-DNA adduct levels with WT microsomes were up to 2.9-fold higher than with those from HRN mice. The ratios of ellipticine-DNA adducts in extra-hepatic organs between HRN and WT mice of up to 4.7 suggest that these organs can activate ellipticine and that more ellipticine is available in the circulation. These results and the DNA adduct patterns found in vitro and in vivo demonstrate that both CYP1A or 3A and peroxidases participate in activation of ellipticine to reactive species forming DNA adducts in the mouse model used in this study. This work was supported in part by Grant Agency of the Czech Republic, grant 203/06/0329, Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic, grants MSM0021620808 and 1M4635608802-Center of Targeted Therapeutics and by Cancer Research UK. V.M. Arlt, C.J. Henderson, C.R. Wolf and D.H. Phillips are partners of ECNIS (Environmental Cancer Risk, Nutrition and Individual Susceptibility), a network of excellence operating within the European Union 6th Framework Program, Priority 5: “Food Quality and Safety” (Contract No. 513943).

The thesis deals with an Old Czech novel in verse Tristram and Izalda. Initially, I examine the genre of chivalric novel in the context of Czech literature of the thirteenth and fourteenth century. I am interested in the view of literary history on these texts and primarily in the assessment of Tristram and Izalda. I pursue the reception of the Tristanian topic in the Czech environment, which has first been introduced to the German versions of this epic. The Old Czech translation from second half of 14th century gains from three German sources that are variously combined. I endeavour to use the novel as a source reflecting the ideological world of the Czech aristocracy of late mediaeval times. I have defined - on the basis of the characters present in the novel - four social groups: rulers, knights and court officials, noble women and servants. On the selected virtues - faithfulness, generosity, wisdom and honour - and social relationships - friendship, marriage and love - I observe the way of their depiction at individual social groups. Each social position carries different expectations. The attribution of characteristic features and the preferred type of behaviour reveal a clear hierarchy. The central character is the knight, to whom the other groups are always specifically related. In my opinion, the...