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The article reports that between 2008 and 2014, 118 paediatric and 200 adult tracheostomy- or laryngectomy-related incidents were reported.Overall, there was a bimodal distribution to severity of events with 49% events recorded as Grade 1 and 40.6% recorded as Grade 4 (life-threatening).The frequency of incidents in the paediatric population has decreased over the time period. Adult Grade 1 events haveincreased in frequency although Grade 4 events appear to be becoming less common.

Background Turner's syndrome ( TS) is a common chromosomal disorder, affecting one in 2000 newborn girls, in which part or all of one X chromosome is missing. Ear and hearing problems are very common in girls and women with TS. The aim of this review was to review the published literature to suggest recommendations for otological health surveillance. Method A keyword search of Ovid Medline was performed for published literature on the subject and evidence rated according to the GRADE criteria. Results Middle ear disorders are very common and persistent in girls and women with TS as are progressive sensorineural hearing loss and balance disorders. Conclusions Otolaryngologists should be aware of the high prevalence and challenging nature of all forms of ear disease in individuals with TS. Early intervention may offer benefits to health and education, and we advocate routine lifelong annual hearing screening in this group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents research on the reliability of ear measurements for pinnaplasty patients. Research shows the typical use of ear measurements in pinnaplasty suitability determination, the measurement techniques like Helix-mastoid distance and Auriculocephalic angle, and the inter-rater reliability of the measurements.

Objective:Dermoids presenting in early life with a sinus tract along the midline of the nasal dorsum are well described. We present three very unusual variants of this condition.Methods:Case one was a two-year-old child with a pit in the philtrum of the lip. The tract pierced the nasal spine and extended towards the crista galli. Case two was a 15-month-old child with two separate sinus openings on the dorsum, one below and one above a dermoid cyst. Case three was a 17-year-old adolescent with neurological disability. Scanning showed a dermoid cyst deep in the anterior skull base, but the sinus tract had been obliterated by bony overgrowth due to long term use of antiepileptic medication.Results:Cases one and two were successfully managed by complete excision via an external rhinoplasty approach. Case three, in contrast, was not operated upon due to bony obliteration of the sinus tract.Conclusion:Surgeons dealing with nasal dermoids must be able to adapt to the variable anatomical and clinical features of these lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background Tonsillectomies are frequently performed, yet variations exist in tonsillectomy rates. Clinicians use guidelines, but complex psychosocial influences on childhood tonsillectomy include anecdotal evidence of parental enthusiasm. Studies indicate that undergoing preferred treatment improves outcome. Despite the enthusiasm with which tonsillectomy is offered and sought, there is little evidence of efficacy. This resulted in a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of (adeno)tonsillectomy in children with recurrent sore throats. Objective To compare characteristics of children entering the randomised trial with those recruited to a parallel, non-randomised study, to establish trends in referral and patient preferences for treatment. Design Baseline data from a randomised controlled trial with parallel non-randomised preference study, comparing surgical intervention with medical treatment in children aged 4-15 years with recurrent sore throat referred to five secondary care otolaryngology departments located in the north of England or west central Scotland. Results Centres assessed 1546 children; 21% were not eligible for tonsillectomy. Among older children (8-15 years), girls were significantly more likely to be referred to secondary care. Of 1015 eligible children, 268 (28.2%) agreed to be randomised, while 461 (45.4%) agreed to the parallel, non-randomised preference study, with a strong preference for tonsillectomy. Participants reporting that progress at school had been impeded or with more experience of persistent sore throat were more likely to seek tonsillectomy. Referred boys were more likely than girls to opt for medical treatment. Socio-economic data showed no effect. Conclusion Preference for tonsillectomy reflects educational impact and recent experience, rather than age or socio-economic status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented about the surgical procedure used for the closure of tracheocutaneous fistula in children.

Examines the effectiveness of mechanical stapling devices in pharyngeal diverticulectomy. Advantages of using mechanical stapling devices; Pathogenesis of pharyngeal pouch; Potential complications of vascular stapling in the thoracic pulmonary resection.

Presents a case of necrotizing fasciitis after gall-bladder perforation. Contribution of fasciitis to mortality and morbidity; Relevance of gallstones to development of fasciitis; Isolation of Escherichia Coli from necrotic tissue.

The following are the abstracts of the meeting held in London, April 1996. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: It is often recommended that, in children with bilateral epistaxis, only one side of the nasal septum should be cauterised at a time in order to reduce the risk of septal perforation. This advice may have been reasonable when hot wire electrocautery was in common use. The risk of septal perforation after silver nitrate cautery is unknown but probably low., Methods: Retrospective case note review of children attending the nurse-led epistaxis clinic between 2019 and 2022., Results: Nine hundred and twenty children were seen in the nurse-led clinic between January 2019 and December 2022. Six hundred and one children (79%) underwent nasal cautery. Simultaneous bilateral nasal cautery was carried out in 176 (29%) children. Our follow up period ranged between 303 and 1744 days, with a median of 809.5 days. No child presented to emergency or ENT services with septal perforation or any other complication of simultaneous bilateral nasal cautery., Conclusion: To the author's knowledge, this is the largest study assessing the safety of simultaneous bilateral nasal cautery with silver nitrate in children. No adverse results have been found after cauterising both sides of the septum at the same sitting, and doing so potentially saves time and money for patients and the health service., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)