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Iodine is an essential element for the production of thyroid hormones. In recent years, it has been suggested that excessive consumption of iodine may play a role in the pathogenesis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). In addition, studies have suggested that high iodine consumption is an important risk factor for the formation of a BRAF mutation in the thyroid gland. A prospectively designed study included 132 cases scheduled for thyroidectomy for various reasons. Urine iodine levels of all patients were examined before the operation. The iodine excretion levels of the patients were grouped according to the median urinary iodine concentration determined in community screenings (those with <100 μg L-1 low iodine excretion, those with 100-199 μg L-1 normal iodine excretion, those with 200-299 μg L-1 high iodine excretion). Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the post-operative pathology results. As a result of thyroid histopathology, benign (n: 44), PTC (n: 88) (BRAF (+): 44 and BRAF (-): 44) cases were included in the study. BRAF mutations in patients diagnosed with PTC were evaluated using the “Real Time PCR Melting Curve Analyzer” method. The relationship between urinary iodine excretion levels and clinical, histopathological and BRAF positivity was examined. In our study, no difference was found in urinary iodine excretion between patients with and without PTC. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis was observed more frequently in patients with PTC (p=0.023). In addition, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis was statistically more frequently detected in the BRAF (-) group compared to the BRAF (+) and control group (p=0.034). Despite studies suggesting that high iodine consumption is important in PTC pathogenesis, we did not find a relationship between the mutation and iodine consumption, which plays an important role in the development of PTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and aim: To investigate the effect of the prognostic nutritional index on treatment response and survival in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the treatment modalities; the demographic, clinical and pathological features of 396 patients with RCC and prognostic nutritional index. Based on the median value, patients were grouped as having low and high prognostic nutritional index values. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis, and Cox-regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis. Results: The median overall survival was 39 months (95% CI 26.1–51.8), 28 months (95% CI 17.9–38) and 7 months (95% CI 4.7–9.2) in patients with favorable, intermediate and poor International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium risk group, respectively. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p < 0001). Overall survival was 11 months (95% CI 7.5–14.5) in the low-prognostic nutritional index (prognostic nutritional index ≤38.5) group, and 41 months (95% CI 30.5–51.4) in the high prognostic nutritional index (prognostic nutritional index >38.5) group (p < 0.001). In Cox regression analysis, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score (HR: 2.5), time to systemic treatment (HR: 1.7) and prognostic nutritional index (HR: 1.8) were associated with overall survival. Conclusion: In patients with renal cell cancer, prognostic nutritional index is closely related to survival and has prognostic significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glucocorticoids are used for the treatment of many diseases, such as inflammatory, allergic, autoimmune, and neoplastic diseases. They can be used in the form of topical, oral, inhalable, rectal, and intra-articular agents. Many topical steroid-related iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome cases affecting especially children have been reported in the literature. Topical steroid-related Cushing's syndrome is rarely seen in adults. In this report, we present the case of a 32-year-old male patient with iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome related to long-term clobetasol propionate treatment for psoriasis. In the context of such treatment, the glucocorticoid withdrawal problem has to be overcome. At present there is no consensus on steroid withdrawal. Patients on long-term glucocorticoid treatment must be evaluated for potential adverse effects and withdrawal symptoms by their physician and their endocrinologist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Left-sided (LCC) and right-sided (RCC) colon cancers have different prognostic and predictive features in metastatic colon cancers, however there is insufficent data about tumor location in stage III disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of tumor location on prognosis in patients with stage III colon cancer. From 2006 to 2012, medical records of 215 patients who underwent primary surgery and received adjuvant oxaliplatin based chemotherapy at 5 referral centers were collected, retrospectively. Diseasefree survival (DFS) and overall survival were analysed using Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests, and prognostic facrtors were identified by Cox regression methods. Clinicopathological characteristics of patients were similar between patients with right-and left-sided colon cancers. The 3-year DFS rate was similar (88% vs 78%, p= 0.07) but the RCC was significantly associated with a shorter 3-year OS than LCC (76% vs 87%, p= 0.03). The 3-year median OS was 125.8 months for all patients groups, 92.2 (±5.81) months for the RCCs and 132.2 (±5.52) months for the LCCs (p= 0.037). Multivariate analysis showed that stage (HR:0.32, p= 0.042 for OS) and venous invasion (HR: 0.28, p= 0.002 for OS) were the independent prognostic factors. Although there was no DFS difference between RCCs and LCCs, poorer survival of RCC indicated that the prognosis of RCC worsened after transitioning to the metastatic stage. Tumor location may be a prognostic factor in metastatic colon cancer but not in stage III disase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), reflects the nutritional and immunological status of the patient and has been associated with outcomes in various cancers. In this study, the prognostic significance of PNI in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) and its potential role in guiding treatment decisions between abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide is investigated., Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on 167 mHSPC patients treated between 2019 and 2024. PNI was calculated using the formula: 10 × serum albumin (g/dL) + 0.005 × total lymphocyte count (/mm³). Patients were stratified into high and low PNI groups according to a cutoff value of 49.98, determined via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Survival outcomes, including overall survival (OS), radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS), and PSA progression-free survival (PSA-PFS), were assessed. Treatment responses to abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide were compared within PNI strata., Results: Patients with PNI > 49.98 had significantly longer median OS than those with PNI ≤ 49.98 (36.6 months vs. 30.0 months, p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis identified high PNI, ECOG performance status 0-1, and absence of visceral metastasis as independent predictors of improved OS. Among patients with low PNI, those treated with enzalutamide had superior OS compared to those receiving abiraterone acetate (p = 0.004), while no significant OS difference was noted between treatments in the high PNI group (p = 0.55)., Conclusion: PNI serves as a significant prognostic biomarker in mHSPC, correlating with overall survival and potentially influencing treatment efficacy between abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide. Integrating PNI into clinical practice may aid in tailoring individualized treatment options., (© 2025 The Author(s). The Prostate published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Purpose: To demonstrate whether early changes in systemic inflammatory markers are related with pazopanib treatment response in soft tissue sarcoma and renal cell carcinoma., Methods: Forty-one patients with metastatic clear cell renal carcinoma (mRCC) (n=22) and advanced stage soft tissue sarcoma (STS) (n=19) were assessed. Systemic inflammatory markers such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, c-reactive protein (CRP), mean platelet volume (MPV), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) at both baseline and 1-month of pazopanib treatment were obtained and their relation with the first radiological response about 3-months later after pazopanib treatment was evaluated., Results: Disease control rate (DCR) at the first initial radiological evaluation was 58.5 % for all, it was 77.3% for the RCC group and 36.8% in the STS group. Serum neutrophil, NLR and CRP levels were significantly decreased from baseline in RCC patients who had DCR with pazopanib treatment. Also, serum CRP levels after pazopanib treatment was significantly lower in RCC patients who had DCR (+) rather than those who progressed., Conclusions: Early decline in serum CRP, neutrophil and NLR levels in RCC patients who received pazopanib at the first month was significantly associated with disease control, assuming a predictive role for the first radiological assessment. However, there was no significant association between change in serum inflammatory marker levels and disease control in STS patients.

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to determine the factors which affect post-progression survival (PPS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer., Methods: 87 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer had been followed up with palliative care due to disease progression or ECOG performance status after receiving at least two cycles of chemotherapy. PPS was estimated as the time between the last progression date and last control or death date in patients who were followed up with palliative care., Results: 87 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer were included in the study. Evaluation with multivariate analysis of factors affecting PPS revealed a significantly longer PPS (10.8 weeks) in patients with ECOG score 0 or 1 than the PPS of patients with ECOG score 2-5 (3 weeks) (p=0.01). It was also found that PPS was 14.4 weeks in patients with CEA levels <5ng/ml,while it was 6.7 weeks in patients with CEA levels ≥5 ng/ml (p=0.001) and PPS was 13.7 weeks in patients with controlled disease after first-line chemotherapy while it was 8 weeks in patients with progression (p=0.03); both were statistically significant. No significant association was found between PPS and age, gender, tumor location, sites of metastasis, and RAS status., Conclusion: ECOG performance status score of 0-1, CEA levels below 5 ng/ml, and disease control with first-line chemotherapy are related to longer PPS in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to compare the data of sunitinib and pazopanib used in the first-line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cases and to evaluate the effective factors in terms of survival., Methods: The records of 125 patients with metastatic RCC admitted between January 2005 and February 2018 were retrospectively analyzed and 63 patients who received pazopanib or sunitinib were included in the study while 62 patients were excluded due to insufficient data. Clinical and histological characteristics, treatment responses, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) of the patients were compared., Results: Patients with metastatic RCC who received pazopanib or sunitinib as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in first-line treatment were analyzed; 45 (71.4%) were male while 18 (28.6%) were female, and the median age was 60. 43 (68.3%) patients were treated with sunitinib and 20 (31.7%) with pazopanib. PFS ​​of pazopanib and sunitinib were 10.6 and 7.2 months, respectively. Median OS was 14.5 months in patients receiving pazopanib and 13.6 months in those receiving sunitinib. There was no statistical difference in PFS and OS between both treatments. The median OS of clear-cell RCC was 15.2 months, while of non-clear-cell RCC was 7.7months., Conclusions: High ECOG score, non-clear-cell histology, presence of liver metastasis in metastatic RCC patients were found to be associated with shorter OS and PFS. Sunitinib and pazopanib produced similar OS and PFS rates in first-line treatment of metastatic RCC.

Purpose: This study aimed to reveal the relationship between the level of galectin-3 expression and the depth of response to neoadjuvant therapy in bladder tumor tissue with muscle invasion revealed by transurethral biopsy., Methods: The percentage of galectin-3 staining in transurethral biopsy tissue with muscle invasion was determined by immunohistochemistry. The patients were divided into two groups: the down-staging (+) group consisting of patients with pathological complete response or non-invasive bladder cancer, and the down-staging (-) group consisting of patients with stage 2 and above., Results: There were 11 patients in the down-staging (+) group and 12 patients in the down-staging (-) group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of median age, gender, smoking, clinical stage at the time of diagnosis, distribution of carboplatin or cisplatin used as a platinum agent. Galectin-3 was positive in 2 patients (18.2%) in the group where down-staging was achieved with neoadjuvant therapy, while it was positive in 9 patients (75%) in the other group (p = 0.01). The median follow-up period of the patients was 31.6 months (95% CI 25.1-39.3). Overall survival was 43.4 months in the down-staging (+) group (95% CI 25.1-61.6) and 31.6 months in the down-staging (-) group (95% CI 12.7-50.6). Although there was a numerical difference, it did not reach statistical significance (p=0.37)., Conclusion: The rate of down-staging after platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy is significantly higher in patients with low galectin-3 staining in transurethral bladder biopsy tissue.

Purpose: We aimed to assess whether skeletal muscle loss during EGFR thyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy of advance non-small cell lung cancer patients is an independent prognostic factor for progression-free survival (PFS) and overal survival (OS)., Methods: A total of 45 patients who had computed tomography images were retrospectively evaluated at the diagnosis and during the treatment period before progression occurs., Results: During treatment 19 patients (42.2%) had skeletal muscle loss. Objective response rates in muscle loss group and muscle stable group were 36.8% and 73.0%, respectively (p<0.01). Median follow-up time was 18.9 months (14.8-32.1). Median PFS was 14.7 months (95% CI 12.1-17.3) in muscle stable group and 7.6 months (95% CI 6.7-8.5) in muscle loss group (p<0.01). Median OS was 18.3 months (95% CI 16.5-20.2) in muscle loss group while it was 30.1 months (95% CI 22.1-38.2) in muscle stable group (p<0.01). In multivariate analysis for both PFS and OS, skeletal muscle loss was an independent prognostic factor. Hazard ratios (HR) for PFS and OS were 12.2 (95% CI 4.3-34.4) and 3.51 (95% CI 1.41-8.73) respectively., Conclusion: On CT imaging skeletal muscle loss before progression is an independent prognostic factor for both PFS and OS in advance non-small cell lung cancer patients who received EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether primary tumor localization may be a risk factor for relapse and survival in seminomatous germ cell tumors (GCT) patients., Methods: In our study, 612 seminomatous GCT patients diagnosed in 22 centers between 01.01.1989 and 03.02.2019 were retrospectively evaluated. Patient interview information, patient files and electronic system data were used for the study., Results: The primary tumor was localized in the right testis in 305 (49.9%) patients and in 307 (50.1%) in the left testis. Mean age of the patients was 36 years (range 16-85±10.4). The median follow-up period was 47 months (1-298). Recurrence was observed in 78 (12.7%) patients and 29 (4.7%) died during the follow-up period. Four-year overall survival (OS) was 95.4% and 4-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 84.5%. The relationship between localization and relapse was significant in 197 patients with stage 2 and stage 3 (p=0.003). In this patient group, 41 (20.8%) relapses were observed. Thirty (73.2%) of the relapses were in the right testis and 11 (26.8%) in the left testis. Four-year OS was 92.1% in patients with right tumor; and 98.7% in patients with left tumor (p=0.007). When 612 patients were evaluated with a mean follow-up of 4 years, there was a 6.6% survival advantage in patients with left testicular tumor and this difference was significant (p=0.007)., Conclusion: Survival rates of patients with primary right testicular localization were worse compared with left testicular localization, and relapse rates were higher in stage 2 and 3 patients with right testicular localization.

Purpose: To assess whether regorafenib and TAS-102 treatments are associated with a change in Skeletal Muscle Area (SMA) as well as to compare Skeletal Muscle Mass (SMM) loss levels between regorafenib and TAS-102 treatments and prognostic significance in the patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC)., Methods: A total of 36 mCRC patients, who received regorafenib or TAS-102 in the third-line and subsequent settings were assessed in the analysis. SMM changes were assessed with CT scans findings, and they were categorized into two groups as SMM-loss (SMM decrease ≥2%) and SMM-stable (SMM change <2%)., Results: The SMM change after regorafenib therapy was significantly worse compared with TAS-102 therapy (p=0.001). The median overall survival (OS) was longer in SMM-stable group than in SMM-loss group (12.8 months; 95%CI:9.8-15.7) vs. 6.4 months; 95%CI:5.2-7.7, respectively;p=0.04). Cox regression analysis showed that SMM loss was independent prognostic indicator for OS (HR, 2.87; 95%CI: 1.07-7.42, p=0.03)., Conclusion: Although patients who received regorafenib had more SMM loss than those who received TAS-102, there was no difference in OS between drugs.