Search

Objective: To assess the feasibility of using short-term balance training with computer-based visual feedback (BTVF) and its effect on standing balance in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (BSCP).Methods: Out of the fourteen children with BSCP (mean age = 10.31 years), seven children received four sessions of BTVF (two such sessions/day, each session = 15 min) in comparison to the control group that received standard care. Feasibility was measured as percentages of recruitment, retention and safety and balance was measured using a posturography machine as sway velocity (m/s) and velocity moment (m/s2) during quiet standing. Results: No serious adverse events occurred in either group. There were no differences in the retention percentages and in any clinical outcome measure between both groups. Conclusion: Use of BTVF is feasible in children with BSCP but further investigation is required to estimate a dose–effect relationship.

Reason for withdrawal from publication Authors have made no progress with this protocol in 7 years. The Cochrane Review Group was unable to maintain contact with the contact author. The co-authors are unable to take over this protocol. The topic will be included in another protocol: Continuous exercise training, resistance exercise training and mixed training interventions for arterial hypertension in adults.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To investigate the evidence for the efficacy of physical fitness training in the rehabilitation of spinal cord injury when compared to no training or usual care.

A granular cell tumor of the breast parenchyma is a rare tumor accounting for 5-6% of all granular cell carcinoma and are mostly benign in nature. The malignant granular cell tumour is rare tumor that comprise 1-2% of all granular cell tumors. This is a case of a 35-year woman who presented with a palpable mass in the right breast. On wide local excision, a diagnosis of benign granular cell carcinoma was made. On follow up, with a disease free interval of one year, she developed local recurrence and she underwent simple mastectomy with adjuvant radiation therapy. Histopathological examination, confirmed benign granular carcinoma. This is one such case where histologically confirmed to be benign, but the clinical behaviour of the tumour favoured malignant variety. Hence adjuvant therapy should be considered for this benign appearing, malignant tumour. Granular cell tumour [GCT] or Granular Cell Schwannoma of the breast is a rare benign tumour of the neural cells. It is commonly noticed in the oral cavity and other soft tissues [1]. About 5-8% of GCTs occurs in breast [2]. Most of the GCT in the breast are benign in nature and occurrence of malignant GCT is even rarer. We encountered a GCT in the breast of a pre-menopausal women which morphologically did not show any conventional features of malignancy but it acted in an aggressive fashion. The aim of this case report was to increase awareness of the existence of a rare benign looking variant of GCT with clinical aggression.

Background: Under normal circumstances, change in heart rate variability (HRV) in pregnancy projecting alterations within the regulation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Many previous works have shown an impact of gestation on the role of ANS in control of heart rate in the western country; however, it is poorly understood in Indian population, but then again a definitive this study is beneficial in relating to the influence on maternal autonomic cardiovascular control in some aspects of physiology in normal pregnancy. Aims and Objective: The aim of our study was to analyze the cardiac autonomic control throughout different stage of pregnancy with HRV. Materials and Methods: This study (n = 200) comprised normal non-pregnant and pregnant participants in the age of 20–30 years old, were divided randomly into Group 0 (n = 50) - control group comprised non-pregnant, healthy women. Study group (n = 150) classified into three subgroups; Group 1 (n = 50) - participants in their first trimester, Group 2 (n = 50) - participants in their second trimester, and Group 3 (n = 50) - participants in their third trimester. The electrocardiographic R-wave-R-wave interval HRV was measured on a beat-to-beat basis with the help of an electrocardiogram machine (BPL Cardiart 1087/MK-V) for 5 min. Result: Mean RR interval was decreased significantly in the 3rd trimester of pregnant study group when compared to non-pregnant control groups. Root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences, NN50, and pNN50 were increased significantly in the first trimester of the pregnant study group when compared with non-pregnant control groups. Low frequency (LF) and LF (nu) significantly decreased, high frequency (HF) and HF (nu) significantly increased in the 1st trimester and significantly altered in 2nd trimester as well as 3rd trimester as vice versa. LF/HF ratio was significantly decreased in the 1st trimester and significantly increased in the 2nd trimester as well as 3rd trimester of pregnant study group when compared to non-pregnant control groups. Conclusion: The cardiac autonomic nervous activity in pregnancy showed a higher parasympathetic dominance in the 1st trimeste r and decreased gradually in 2nd trimester as well as 3rd trimester, and there was a lower sympathetic activity in the 1st trimester and increased gradually in the 2nd trimester as well as 3rd trimester. These changes throughout normal pregnancy may have an advantage in the initial identification of abnormal physiological function.