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This paper examines whether two well‐known cognitive biases, disposition effect and skew preference, may reflect a common feature of certain investors. On the basis of a unique proprietary dataset that provides the details of all transactions in the Korean equity‐linked warrant (ELW) market between 2009 and 2011, we find that investors who realize gains faster than losses are also more likely to trade out‐of‐the‐money ELWs. Investors who are less (more) subject to both biases exhibit the best (worst) risk‐adjusted trading performance. Our findings suggest that disposition effect and skew preference occur simultaneously, which could adversely affect trading performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] We examined the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) on TREM-1 expression. [•] 1,25(OH)2D3 increased TREM-1 expression in human monocytes/macrophages. [•] 1,25(OH)2D3 modulates the innate immune responses by increasing TREM-1 expression. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objective: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) is a key molecule to maintain calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism. It was recently reported that 1,25(OH)2D3 directly inhibited osteoclast differentiation in mouse bone marrow cells and human bone marrow-derived colony-forming unit granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM) cells. However, the direct effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 and its affecting mechanisms on the osteoclast differentiation of human osteoclast precursors remain largely unknown. In this study, we examined the direct effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the osteoclastogenesis of human peripheral blood (PB) osteoclast precursors. Methods: In vitro osteoclastogenesis assays were performed using osteoclast precursors from normal PB. The gene expressions were analyzed using real-time PCR. The cell surface proteins, including c-Fms and RANK, were measured by flow cytometry. Results: 1,25(OH)2D3 strongly inhibited osteoclast differentiation and it suppressed the expression of RANK in the human PB osteoclast precursors. One mechanism of RANK inhibition by 1,25(OH)2D3 is down-regulation of the M-CSF receptor c-Fms, which is required for the expression of RANK. In contrast to the previous reports on mouse osteoclast precursors, 1,25(OH)2D3 did not affect the expression of c-Fos. Parallel to the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis, 1,25(OH)2D3 increased the expression and phosphorylation of CCAAT enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ), which is a recently discovered inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis. Conclusions: Our results show that 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibits human osteoclastogenesis by decreasing the RANK+ osteoclast precursors, and we suggest that 1,25(OH)2D3 may be a powerful therapeutic agent for treating inflammation-induced bone disease that shows excessive osteoclast activation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

RNA-guided CRISPR-Cas12a endonucleases are promising tools for genome engineering. Here we demonstrate that LbCas12a variants derived from Lachnospiraceae bacterium show a broad PAM preference, recognizing certain non-canonical PAMs with high efficiency. Furthermore, we engineered LbABE8e to carry G532R and/or K595R mutations, altering its original PAM specificities; these variants exhibited superior base editing activity in human cells compared with wild-type LbABE8e at sites with non-canonical PAMs. Based on this finding, we utilized the most effective LbCas12a and LbABE8e variants to demonstrate multiplexed and mutant-allele-specific gene editing in oncogenes, made possible by the variant's recognition of non-canonical PAMs. Importantly, LbCas12a-G532R/K595R and LbABE8e-G532R/K595R with optimized crRNA arrays targeted to triple oncogenic mutations inhibited colon cancer cell proliferation. Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential of engineered LbCas12a and LbABE8e as tools for targeting sites with alternative PAMs for genome engineering and therapeutic editing in cancer cells., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2022 The Author(s).)

The high theoretical energy densities of lithium-air batteries (LAB) make this technology an attractive energy storage system for future mobility applications. Li 2 O 2 growth process on the cathode relies on the surrounding chemical environment of electrolytes. Low conductivity and strong reactivity of Li 2 O 2 discharge products can cause overpotential and induce side reactions in LABs, respectively, eventually leading to poor cyclability. The capacity and reversibility of LABs are highly susceptible to the morphology of the Li 2 O 2 discharge products. Here, we identify for the first time that a seed layer formed by the combination of a cathode and an electrolyte determines the morphology of Li 2 O 2 discharge products. This seed layer led to its high reversibility with a large areal capacity (up to 10 mAh/cm 2 ). Excellent OER (oxygen evolution reaction) was achieved by the formation of a favorable interface between the carbon electrode and electrolyte, minimizing the decomposition of the electrolyte. These remarkable improvements in LAB performance demonstrate critical progress toward advancing LAB into practical uses, which would exploit good reversibility of LABs in pouch-type cell arrangements with 1.34 Ah.