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ABSTRACT Due to the requirement for better strength‐to‐weight ratios, the utilisation of aluminum alloys is rapidly expanding. Lightweight components are of utmost importance in most industries, particularly in transportation, aviation, maritime, automotive, and other industries. These lightweight engineering materials are hard to be joined utilising traditional fusion joining techniques, necessitating the development of alternative joining techniques. The novel friction‐stir additive manufacturing (FSAM) technique, based on the concept of friction stir welding (FSW), can be used to combine aluminum alloys additively in their solid state. This work examines the effects of several process parameters (tool rotational speed, tool tilt angle, and tool transverse speed) on tensile strength and hardness using a 3‐factor L9 Taguchi designed experiment. Three cases were explored, one were AL 6061 was welded to AL 7075, one where AL 7075 was welded to AL 6061, and one where the data were mixed to get an “average” effect representative of large additively manufactured parts. A detailed ANOVA (including both main effects and interactions analyses) provided clear guidance on the optimization of the parameters for several objectives. This work will contribute to the development and wider use of FSAM in both industrial and academic research settings by providing a useful dataset and clear parameter selection guidance. The results of this research indicate that the FSAM methodology could be utilized to fabricate large defect‐free structures, which can be a suitable replacement for the traditional Al6061 material used in automotive and aerospace sectors.

Primary laryngeal lymphoma is a rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), with fewer than 100 cases reported worldwide. Although head and neck cancers are the second most common extranodal sites for NHL, the larynx, particularly the supraglottic region, is rarely involved. We present a case that underscores the importance of distinguishing primary laryngeal lymphoma from secondary involvement to ensure the appropriate management of the condition. A 53-year-old male presented with significant weight loss, hoarseness, and progressive dysphagia. He also reported an intermittent history of fever and night sweats. Physical examination revealed bilateral level IIa and III cervical lymphadenopathy and flexible laryngoscopy showed edema and ulceration in the supraglottic region. A contrast-enhanced CT scan from the skull base to the thorax revealed a fairly well-defined, mildly heterogeneous enhancing lesion involving the suprahyoid and glottic regions, measuring 2.3 x 2.1 x 5 cm (AP x TR x CC). Biopsy confirmed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), with immunohistochemistry positive for CD45, CD20, and BCL6. The patient received eight cycles of the CHOP (doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, prednisone, and vincristine) chemotherapy regimen, achieving complete clinical remission with no recurrence noted at the two-year follow-up. DLBCL of the larynx is rare but should be considered in cases of supraglottic masses due to its symptom overlap with other laryngeal conditions. Diagnosis is confirmed through histopathology and immunohistochemistry, and treatment typically involves chemotherapy, with CHOP being the most effective regimen. Early recognition is crucial for optimal treatment of this uncommon disease. Further research is needed to refine treatment protocols., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent for treatment and open access publication was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Prithviraj et al.)

Risk estimates of depression and anxiety disorders in primary care patients was studied in 7017 patients from 71 primary health centres in Kerala, India. When compared to those without, patients with a single chronic medical illness had approximately 3-4-fold higher rates of depression and anxiety disorders; this increases to 6-fold when the number of medical illnesses is two or more. Patients with hypertension, diabetes, epilepsy, tuberculosis, asthma, and arthritis had higher odds of depression after controlling for socio-demographic variables and co-occurring medical illnesses. The findings were replicated for anxiety disorders except for tuberculosis. Findings highlight the need for integrated interventions., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background:  Scopus is a leading bibliometric database. It contains a large part of the articles cited in peer-reviewed publications .  The journals included in Scopus are periodically re-evaluated to ensure they meet indexing criteria and some journals might be discontinued for 'publication concerns'. Previously published articles may remain indexed and can be cited. Their metrics have yet to be studied. This study aimed   to evaluate the main features and metrics of journals discontinued from Scopus for publication concerns, before and after their discontinuation, and to determine the extent of predatory journals among the discontinued journals. Methods:  We surveyed the list of discontinued journals from Scopus (July 2019). Data regarding metrics, citations and indexing were extracted from Scopus or other scientific databases, for the journals discontinued for publication concerns.  Results:  A total of 317 journals were evaluated. Ninety-three percent of the journals (294/317) declared they published using an Open Access model. The subject areas with the greatest number of discontinued journals were  Medicine  (52/317; 16%),  Agriculture and Biological Science  (34/317; 11%), and  Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics  (31/317; 10%). The mean number of citations per year after discontinuation was significantly higher than before (median of difference 16.89 citations, p<0.0001), and so was the number of citations per document (median of difference 0.42 citations, p<0.0001). Twenty-two percent (72/317) were included in the Cabell's blacklist. The DOAJ currently included only 9 journals while 61 were previously included and discontinued, most for 'suspected editorial misconduct by the publisher'. Conclusions:  Journals discontinued for 'publication concerns' continue to be cited despite discontinuation and predatory behaviour seemed common. These citations may influence scholars' metrics prompting artificial career advancements, bonus systems and promotion. Countermeasures should be taken urgently to ensure the reliability of Scopus metrics for the purpose of scientific assessment of scholarly publishing at both journal- and author-level., Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed., (Copyright: © 2020 Cortegiani A et al.)

Objective: To assess insomnia and its health correlates among elderly primary care patients in India., Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional survey was administered to 1,770 elderly primary care patients from 71 government primary health centers in Kerala, India, from May to December 2016. Insomnia was evaluated using the Insomnia Severity Index. Basic demographics and information about medical illness were collected. Study instruments included the Patient Health Questionnaire-Somatic, Anxiety, and Depression Symptoms; Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence; 12-item World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule; and World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF., Results: Valid responses were received from 1,574 (89%) patients, of whom the mean age was 68.6 years and 55.5% were women. Clinical insomnia was reported by 11.8%, whereas 30.4% had subclinical insomnia. Primary care attendees with subclinical as well as clinical insomnia had increased odds of being older and female and having chronic medical illness compared with those without insomnia. Patients with clinical insomnia had increased odds of common mental disorders (anxiety, depression, and somatization) and greater disability compared with the subclinical or no insomnia groups. Those with subclinical insomnia had poor satisfaction with life compared to those with no insomnia., Conclusions: Insomnia in the elderly is frequent in primary care patients in India and has multiple negative health correlates. This study reiterates the need for more awareness with regard to detection and management of insomnia in the elderly population., (© Copyright 2020 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.)

Background:  Scopus is a leading bibliometric database. It contains the largest number of articles cited in peer-reviewed publications .  The journals included in Scopus are periodically re-evaluated to ensure they meet indexing criteria and some journals might be discontinued for publication concerns. These journals remain indexed and can be cited. Their metrics have yet to be studied. This study aimed   to evaluate the main features and metrics of journals discontinued from Scopus for publication concerns, before and after their discontinuation, and to determine the extent of predatory journals among the discontinued journals. Methods:  We surveyed the list of discontinued journals from Scopus (July 2019). Data regarding metrics, citations and indexing were extracted from Scopus or other scientific databases, for the journals discontinued for publication concerns.  Results:  A total of 317 journals were evaluated. Ninety-three percent of the journals (294/318) declared they published using an Open Access model. The subject areas with the greatest number of discontinued journals were  Medicine  (52/317; 16%),  Agriculture and Biological Science  (34/317; 11%), and  Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics  (31/317; 10%). The mean number of citations per year after discontinuation was significantly higher than before (median of difference 64 citations, p<0.0001), and so was the number of citations per document (median of difference 0.4 citations, p<0.0001). Twenty-two percent (72/317) were included in the Cabell's blacklist. The DOAJ currently included only 9 journals while 61 were previously included and discontinued, most for 'suspected editorial misconduct by the publisher'. Conclusions:  The citation count of journals discontinued for publication concerns increases despite discontinuation and predatory behaviors seemed common. This paradoxical trend can inflate scholars' metrics prompting artificial career advancements, bonus systems and promotion. Countermeasures should be taken urgently to ensure the reliability of Scopus metrics both at the journal- and author-level for the purpose of scientific assessment of scholarly publishing., Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed., (Copyright: © 2020 Cortegiani A et al.)

Objectives: To study the prevalence and clinical correlates of insomnia among a sample of primary care attendees, in the state of Kerala, India., Design: Cross-sectional survey., Setting: Primary care., Participants: 7017 adult patients [18-60 years] attending 71 primary health centers selected by cluster random sampling., Measurements: Patients were assessed for insomnia using the Insomnia Severity Index. In addition to self-reported socio-demographic and chronic medical illness details, structured instruments were used to assess for mental disorders, disability and life satisfaction., Results: Subclinical insomnia and clinical insomnia were reported by 17.7% and 4.7% subjects, respectively. Subjects with subclinical and clinical insomnia when compared to those without insomnia had higher odds of having older age, female gender, urban background, lower education, chronic medical and mental disorders, greater disability and poor life satisfaction. Subjects with clinical insomnia when compared to the subclinical group had higher odds of having older age, urban background, lower education, mental disorders and greater disability. Among mental disorders, depressive disorder was correlated with both clinical and subclinical insomnia., Conclusions: Clinical and subclinical insomnia is common among primary care attendees and both are associated with significant morbidity. This study highlights that it is a major public health concern, albeit neglected, which needs to be dealt as a priority., (Copyright © 2018 National Sleep Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Success of non-surgical root canal treatment is predicted by meticulous cleaning and shaping of the root canal system, three-dimensional obturation and a well-fitting "leakage-free" coronal restoration. The techniques of obturation that are available have their own relative position in the historical development of filling techniques. Over the years, pitfalls with one technique have often led to the development of newer methods of obturation, along with the recognition that no one method of obturation may satisfy all clinical cases., Materials and Methods: A total of 120 extracted human permanent anterior maxillary and mandibular single rooted teeth were selected for the present study and divided into 3 groups based on the method of obturation technique. Following the preparation the patency at the apical foramen was confirmed by passing a file #15. After obturation of all three groups, teeth were immersed in 1% of aqueous methylene blue dye for a period of two weeks and then samples were subjected to spectrophotometric analysis., Results: The present study was conducted to evaluate in vitro the spectrophotometric analysis to quantitatively analyze relative amount of dye penetration using lateral condensation (Group I), Obtura II (Group II ), Thermafil obturating technique (Group III) with ZOE sealer used in all groups. Teeth obturated with lateral condensation (Group I) shows mean value of 0.0243 and standard deviation of 0.0056. The Group II thermoplasticized injectable moulded Guttapercha (Obtura II) showed 0.0239 mean and standard deviation value of 0.0045 and Group III Thermafil obturation technique shows 0.0189 as mean value and 0.0035 standard deviation values., Conclusion: Following conclusion was drawn from the present study. Group III i.e., Thermafil obturating technique shows minimum mean apical dye penetration compared to Group II (ObturaII) and Group I (lateral condensation).Lateral condensation shows maximum mean apical dye penetration in all three groups.There is no significant difference between the apical dye penetration of lateral condensation and Obtura II., Keywords: Obturation, lateral condensation, Obtura II, Thermafil, Spectrophotometer, dye penetration. How to cite this article: Samson E, Kulkarni S, Sushil K C, Likhitkar M. An In-Vitro Evaluation and Comparison of Apical Sealing Ability of Three Different Obturation Technique - Lateral Condensation, Obtura II, and Thermafil. J Int Oral Health 2013; 5(2):35-43.