65 results on '"Lanigan, Gary J."'
Search Results
52. Land‐use change to bioenergy production in Europe: implications for the greenhouse gas balance and soil carbon
- Author
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Don, Axel, primary, Osborne, Bruce, additional, Hastings, Astley, additional, Skiba, Ute, additional, Carter, Mette S., additional, Drewer, Julia, additional, Flessa, Heinz, additional, Freibauer, Annette, additional, Hyvönen, Niina, additional, Jones, Mike B., additional, Lanigan, Gary J., additional, Mander, Ülo, additional, Monti, Andrea, additional, Djomo, Sylvestre Njakou, additional, Valentine, John, additional, Walter, Katja, additional, Zegada‐Lizarazu, Walter, additional, and Zenone, Terenzio, additional
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
53. Slurry 15NH4-N recovery in herbage and soil: effects of application method and timing
- Author
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Hoekstra, Nyncke J., primary, Lalor, Stan T. J., additional, Richards, Karl G., additional, O’Hea, Norma, additional, Lanigan, Gary J., additional, Dyckmans, Jens, additional, Schulte, Rogier P. O., additional, and Schmidt, Olaf, additional
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
54. Slurry 15NH4-N recovery in herbage and soil: effects of application method and timing.
- Author
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Hoekstra, Nyncke J., Lalor, Stan T. J., Richards, Karl G., O'Hea, Norma, Lanigan, Gary J., Dyckmans, Jens, Schulte, Rogier P. O., and Schmidt, Olaf
- Subjects
SLURRY ,WEATHER ,AMMONIA ,NITROGEN compounds ,SOIL management ,GRASSES ,NITROGEN in agriculture - Abstract
The effects of slurry application method and weather conditions after application on ammonia volatilisation are well documented, however, the effect on slurry N recovery in herbage is less evident due to large variability of results. The objective of this field experiment was to determine the recovery of cattle slurry NH
4 -N in herbage and soil in the year of application as affected by application method (trailing shoe versus broadcast) and season of application (spring versus summer), using15 N as a tracer. In 2007 and 2008,15 N enriched slurry was applied on grassland plots. N recovery in herbage and soil during the year of application was determined. Both spring and trailing shoe application resulted in significantly higher herbage DM yields, N uptake and an increased recovery of15 NH4 -N in herbage. Additionally, the recovery of slurry15 NH4 -N in the soil at the end of the growing season was increased. Spring and trailing shoe application reduced the losses of slurry15 NH4 -N by on average 14 and 18 percentage points, respectively, which corresponded closely to ammonia volatilisation as predicted by the ALFAM model. It was concluded that slurry N recovery in temperate pasture systems can be increased by adjusting the slurry application method or timing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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55. Bundle Sheath Leakiness and Light Limitation during C4 Leaf and Canopy CO2 Uptake.
- Author
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Kromdijk, Johannes, Schepers, Hans E., Albanito, Fabrizio, Fitton, Nuala, Carroll, Faye, Jones, Michael B., Finnan, John, Lanigan, Gary J., and Griffiths, Howard
- Subjects
SPECIES ,BIOMASS ,FORCE & energy ,TEMPERATE climate ,PLANT biomass - Abstract
Perennial species with the C
4 pathway hold promise for biomass-based energy sources. We have explored the extent that CO2 uptake of such species may be limited by light in a temperate climate. One energetic cost of the C4 pathway is the leakiness (Φ) of bundle sheath tissues, whereby a variable proportion of the CO2 . concentrated in bundle sheath cells, retrodiffuses back to the mesophyll. In this study, we scale Φ from leaf to canopy level of a Miscanthus crop (Miscanthus X giganteus hybrid) under field conditions and model the likely limitations to CO2 fixation. At the leaf level, measurements of photosynthesis coupled to online carbon isotope discrimination showed that leaves within a 3.3-m canopy (leaf area index = 8.3) show a progressive increase in both carbon isotope discrimination and Φ as light decreases. A similar increase was observed at the ecosystem scale when we used eddy covariance net ecosystem CO2 fluxes, together with isotopic profiles, to partition photosynthetic and respiratory isotopic flux densities (isofluxes) and derive canopy carbon isotope discrimination as an integrated proxy for Φ at the canopy level. Modeled values of canopy CO2 fixation using leaf-level measurements of Φ suggest that around 32% of potential photosynthetic carbon gain is lost due to light limitation, whereas using 4 determined independently from isofluxes at the canopy level the reduction in canopy CO2 uptake is estimated at 14%. Based on these results, we identify 4' as an important limitation to CO2 uptake of crops with the C4 pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
56. Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) application for mapping nitrogen deposition over intensively grazed grassland
- Author
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Juliette Maire, Simon Gibson-Poole, Nicholas Cowan, Richards, Karl G., Skiba, Ute M., Robert Rees, Reay, Dave S., and Lanigan, Gary J.
57. Physical and biochemical characterisation of soil organic carbon in topsoil and subsoil of Irish grasslands
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Byrne, Kenneth A., Creamer, Rachel E., Lanigan, Gary J., Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, EPA, Torres-Sallan, Gemma, Byrne, Kenneth A., Creamer, Rachel E., Lanigan, Gary J., Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, EPA, and Torres-Sallan, Gemma
- Abstract
peer-reviewed, Soil plays a key role in the global carbon (C) cycle, since it holds 3.5 times more C than the atmosphere, and is the largest C pool after the oceans. Therefore, changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) can contribute to important emissions or sequestration of CO2 from the atmosphere. Grassland soils have are one of the world biomes with a greater C sequestration potential. More than 46% of SOC can be found below 30 cm, and the dynamics and factors affecting subsoil SOC are different than the topsoil. The aim of this thesis is to physically and biochemically characterise SOC in topsoil and subsoil of Irish grasslands, up to 1 m depth, and to understand if there is a soil type effect on SOC sequestration potential. A subset of soils sampled for National Soil Survey project (the Irish Soil Information System) in 2012/2013 were selected, with the aim of being representative of the main soil types occurring under grassland systems in Ireland. For each horizon, a 1 kg sample was taken, and several analysis were carried out: 1) separation of four aggregate sizes (Large and small macroaggregates, microaggregates and silt and clay), 2) isolation of fractions within small macroaggregates (particulate organic matter, microaggregates and silt and clay within macroaggregates), and 3) biochemical characterisation: non-hydrolysable C and N, as a measure of the biochemically recalcitrant fraction, and hot water extractable C and N, as a measure of the most labile fraction. Topsoil only showed differences between soil types in the case of percentage of microaggregates within macroaggregates, which was higher in Typical Sufrace-water gley than in Typical Brown Earth, while all the other analysed characteristics were equal between soil types. Subsoil horizons showed significant differences in many of the fractions. Differences in SOC characteristics were mainly influenced by clay content and stagnation properties.
58. Physical and biochemical characterisation of soil organic carbon in topsoil and subsoil of Irish grasslands
- Author
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Byrne, Kenneth A., Creamer, Rachel E., Lanigan, Gary J., Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, EPA, Torres-Sallan, Gemma, Byrne, Kenneth A., Creamer, Rachel E., Lanigan, Gary J., Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, EPA, and Torres-Sallan, Gemma
- Abstract
peer-reviewed, Soil plays a key role in the global carbon (C) cycle, since it holds 3.5 times more C than the atmosphere, and is the largest C pool after the oceans. Therefore, changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) can contribute to important emissions or sequestration of CO2 from the atmosphere. Grassland soils have are one of the world biomes with a greater C sequestration potential. More than 46% of SOC can be found below 30 cm, and the dynamics and factors affecting subsoil SOC are different than the topsoil. The aim of this thesis is to physically and biochemically characterise SOC in topsoil and subsoil of Irish grasslands, up to 1 m depth, and to understand if there is a soil type effect on SOC sequestration potential. A subset of soils sampled for National Soil Survey project (the Irish Soil Information System) in 2012/2013 were selected, with the aim of being representative of the main soil types occurring under grassland systems in Ireland. For each horizon, a 1 kg sample was taken, and several analysis were carried out: 1) separation of four aggregate sizes (Large and small macroaggregates, microaggregates and silt and clay), 2) isolation of fractions within small macroaggregates (particulate organic matter, microaggregates and silt and clay within macroaggregates), and 3) biochemical characterisation: non-hydrolysable C and N, as a measure of the biochemically recalcitrant fraction, and hot water extractable C and N, as a measure of the most labile fraction. Topsoil only showed differences between soil types in the case of percentage of microaggregates within macroaggregates, which was higher in Typical Sufrace-water gley than in Typical Brown Earth, while all the other analysed characteristics were equal between soil types. Subsoil horizons showed significant differences in many of the fractions. Differences in SOC characteristics were mainly influenced by clay content and stagnation properties.
59. Physical and biochemical characterisation of soil organic carbon in topsoil and subsoil of Irish grasslands
- Author
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Byrne, Kenneth A., Creamer, Rachel E., Lanigan, Gary J., Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, EPA, Torres-Sallan, Gemma, Byrne, Kenneth A., Creamer, Rachel E., Lanigan, Gary J., Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, EPA, and Torres-Sallan, Gemma
- Abstract
peer-reviewed, Soil plays a key role in the global carbon (C) cycle, since it holds 3.5 times more C than the atmosphere, and is the largest C pool after the oceans. Therefore, changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) can contribute to important emissions or sequestration of CO2 from the atmosphere. Grassland soils have are one of the world biomes with a greater C sequestration potential. More than 46% of SOC can be found below 30 cm, and the dynamics and factors affecting subsoil SOC are different than the topsoil. The aim of this thesis is to physically and biochemically characterise SOC in topsoil and subsoil of Irish grasslands, up to 1 m depth, and to understand if there is a soil type effect on SOC sequestration potential. A subset of soils sampled for National Soil Survey project (the Irish Soil Information System) in 2012/2013 were selected, with the aim of being representative of the main soil types occurring under grassland systems in Ireland. For each horizon, a 1 kg sample was taken, and several analysis were carried out: 1) separation of four aggregate sizes (Large and small macroaggregates, microaggregates and silt and clay), 2) isolation of fractions within small macroaggregates (particulate organic matter, microaggregates and silt and clay within macroaggregates), and 3) biochemical characterisation: non-hydrolysable C and N, as a measure of the biochemically recalcitrant fraction, and hot water extractable C and N, as a measure of the most labile fraction. Topsoil only showed differences between soil types in the case of percentage of microaggregates within macroaggregates, which was higher in Typical Sufrace-water gley than in Typical Brown Earth, while all the other analysed characteristics were equal between soil types. Subsoil horizons showed significant differences in many of the fractions. Differences in SOC characteristics were mainly influenced by clay content and stagnation properties.
60. Phylogenetic and functional potential links pH and N2O emissions in pasture soils.
- Author
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Samad, M. d. Sainur, Biswas, Ambarish, Bakken, Lars R., Clough, Timothy J., de Klein, Cecile A. M., Richards, Karl G., Lanigan, Gary J., and Morales, Sergio E.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
61. Mitigation of ammonia and methane emissions with manure amendments during storage of cattle slurry.
- Author
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Owusu-Twum MY, Kelleghan D, Gleasure G, Connolly S, Forrestal P, Lanigan GJ, Richards KG, and Krol DJ
- Abstract
This study aimed at assessing the efficacy of manure amendments in abating ammonia (NH
3 ) and methane (CH4 ) emissions during storage. Two experiments were carried out. Experiment 1 was conducted using 20 L of slurry for 98 days. Treatments were: aluminium sulphate (alum), lactogypsum, zeolite, actiglene, ammonium thiosulphate, biochar, dairy processing waste, Digest-IT and control (without amendment). Experiment 2 was conducted using 660 L of slurry in underground storage tanks for 77 days. Treatments were: sulphuric acid, gypsum, biochar and control (without amendment). NH3 measurements for experiment 1 and experiment 2 were conducted using the photoacoustic gas monitor and dynamic chamber techniques, respectively. CH4 was measured using the static chamber technique in both experiments. The effect of amendments on slurry composition was determined at the end of the experiments. Experiment 1 showed a significant reduction in NH3 emissions in the alum (82%), lactogypsum (46%) and zeolite (32%) treatments relative to the control (100.3% total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN)). CH4 was reduced significantly in the alum (87%), ammonium thiosulphate (64%) and lactogypsum (67%) relative to the control (291.9 g m-2 ). Experiment 2 showed a significant reduction (32%) in NH3 emissions in the sulphuric acid relative to the control (4.4% TAN). CH4 was reduced significantly in the sulphuric acid (46%), gypsum (39%) and biochar (15%) treatments relative to the control (291.9 g m-2 ). In general, amendments altered slurry composition such as dry matter, volatile solids, carbon and nitrogen contents at the end of storage. Lactogypsum, alum and sulphuric acid were effective in abating both NH3 and CH4 emissions and can contribute to improving air quality., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
62. Beneficial effects of multi-species mixtures on N 2 O emissions from intensively managed grassland swards.
- Author
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Cummins S, Finn JA, Richards KG, Lanigan GJ, Grange G, Brophy C, Cardenas LM, Misselbrook TH, Reynolds CK, and Krol DJ
- Subjects
- Fertilizers analysis, Nitrogen, Nitrous Oxide analysis, Poaceae, Grassland, Soil
- Abstract
In a field experiment, annual nitrous oxide (N
2 O) emissions and grassland yield were measured across different plant communities, comprising systematically varying combinations of monocultures and mixtures of three functional groups (FG): grasses (Lolium perenne, Phleum pratense), legumes (Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens) and herbs (Cichorium intybus, Plantago lanceolata). Plots received 150 kg ha-1 year-1 nitrogen (N) (150 N), except L. perenne monocultures which received two N levels: 150 N and 300 N. The effect of plant diversity on N2 O emissions was derived from linear combinations of species performances' in monoculture (species identity) and not from strong interactions between species in mixtures. Increasing from 150 N to 300 N in L. perenne resulted in a highly significant increase in cumulative N2 O emissions from 1.39 to 3.18 kg N2 O-N ha-1 year-1 . Higher N2 O emissions were also associated with the legume FG. Emissions intensities (yield-scaled N2 O emissions) from multi-species mixture communities around the equi-proportional mixture were lowered due to interactions among species. For N2 O emissions scaled by nitrogen yield in forage, the 6-species mixture was significantly lower than L. perenne at both 300 N and 150 N. In comparison to 300 N L. perenne, the same N yield or DM yield could have been produced with the equi-proportional 6-species mixture (150 N) while reducing N2 O losses by 63% and 58% respectively. Compared to 150 N L. perenne, the same N yield or DM yield could have been produced with the 6-species mixture while reducing N2 O losses by 41% and 24% respectively. Overall, this study found that multi-species grasslands can potentially reduce both N2 O emissions and emissions intensities, contributing to the sustainability of grassland production., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
63. Source partitioning using N 2 O isotopomers and soil WFPS to establish dominant N 2 O production pathways from different pasture sward compositions.
- Author
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Bracken CJ, Lanigan GJ, Richards KG, Müller C, Tracy SR, Grant J, Krol DJ, Sheridan H, Lynch MB, Grace C, Fritch R, and Murphy PNC
- Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N
2 O) is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) emitted from agricultural soils and is influenced by nitrogen (N) fertiliser management and weather and soil conditions. Source partitioning N2 O emissions related to management practices and soil conditions could suggest effective mitigation strategies. Multispecies swards can maintain herbage yields at reduced N fertiliser rates compared to grass monocultures and may reduce N losses to the wider environment. A restricted-simplex centroid experiment was used to measure daily N2 O fluxes and associated isotopomers from eight experimental plots (7.8 m2 ) post a urea-N fertiliser application (40 kg N ha-1 ). Experimental pastures consisted of differing proportions of grass, legume and forage herb represented by perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), white clover (Trifolium repens) and ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata), respectively. N2 O isotopomers were measured using a cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) instrument adapted with a small sample isotope module (SSIM) for the analysis of gas samples ≤20 mL. Site preference (SP = δ15 Nα - δ15 Nβ ) and δ15 Nbulk ((δ15 Nα + δ15 Nβ ) / 2) values were used to attribute N2 O production to nitrification, denitrification or a mixture of both nitrification and denitrification over a range of soil WFPS (%). Daily N2 O fluxes ranged from 8.26 to 86.86 g N2 O-N ha-1 d-1 . Overall, 34.2% of daily N2 O fluxes were attributed to nitrification, 29.0% to denitrification and 36.8% to a mixture of both. A significant diversity effect of white clover and ribwort plantain on predicted SP and δ15 Nbulk indicated that the inclusion of ribwort plantain may decrease N2 O emission through biological nitrification inhibition under drier soil conditions (31%-75% WFPS). Likewise, a sharp decline in predicted SP indicates that increased white clover content could increase N2 O emissions associated with denitrification under elevated soil moisture conditions (43%-77% WFPS). Biological nitrification inhibition from ribwort plantain inclusion in grassland swards and management of N fertiliser source and application timing to match soil moisture conditions could be useful N2 O mitigation strategies., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
64. Erratum: Phylogenetic and functional potential links pH and N 2 O emissions in pasture soils.
- Author
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Samad MS, Biswas A, Bakken LR, Clough TJ, de Klein CA, Richards KG, Lanigan GJ, and Morales SE
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
65. Phylogenetic and functional potential links pH and N 2 O emissions in pasture soils.
- Author
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Samad MS, Biswas A, Bakken LR, Clough TJ, de Klein CA, Richards KG, Lanigan GJ, and Morales SE
- Subjects
- Agriculture, Biodiversity, Denitrification genetics, Genes, Microbial, Greenhouse Gases analysis, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Metagenome, Microbial Consortia genetics, Nitrogen analysis, Nitrous Oxide analysis, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S analysis, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Soil chemistry, Soil Microbiology
- Abstract
Denitrification is mediated by microbial, and physicochemical, processes leading to nitrogen loss via N
2 O and N2 emissions. Soil pH regulates the reduction of N2 O to N2 , however, it can also affect microbial community composition and functional potential. Here we simultaneously test the link between pH, community composition, and the N2 O emission ratio (N2 O/(NO + N2 O + N2 )) in 13 temperate pasture soils. Physicochemical analysis, gas kinetics, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, metagenomic and quantitative PCR (of denitrifier genes: nirS, nirK, nosZI and nosZII) analysis were carried out to characterize each soil. We found strong evidence linking pH to both N2 O emission ratio and community changes. Soil pH was negatively associated with N2 O emission ratio, while being positively associated with both community diversity and total denitrification gene (nir &nos) abundance. Abundance of nosZII was positively linked to pH, and negatively linked to N2 O emissions. Our results confirm that pH imposes a general selective pressure on the entire community and that this results in changes in emission potential. Our data also support the general model that with increased microbial diversity efficiency increases, demonstrated in this study with lowered N2 O emission ratio through more efficient conversion of N2 O to N2 .- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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