Search

Your search keyword '"Lazar, Ann A."' showing total 437 results
Start Over Author "Lazar, Ann A."
437 results on '"Lazar, Ann A."'

52. Impact of San Francisco’s New Street crisis response Team on Service use among people experiencing homelessness with mental and substance use disorders: A mixed methods study protocol

Author

Goldman, Matthew L., primary, McDaniel, Megan, additional, Manjanatha, Deepa, additional, Rose, Monica L., additional, Santos, Glenn-Milo, additional, Shade, Starley B., additional, Lazar, Ann A., additional, Myers, Janet J., additional, Handley, Margaret A., additional, and Coffin, Phillip O., additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

54. Improving Patient Care Using the Johnson-Neyman Analysis of Heterogeneity of Treatment Effects According to Individuals' Baseline Characteristics.

Author

Lazar, Ann A, Gansky, Stuart A, Halstead, Donald D, Slajs, Anthony, and Weintraub, Jane A

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Dentistry, Pediatric Research Initiative, Prevention, Pediatric, Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease, Infectious Diseases, Clinical Research, 4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies, Detection, screening and diagnosis, Good Health and Well Being, Fluoride varnish, Johnson-Neyman method, interaction, personalized medicine, precision medicine, salivary mutans streptococci, subgroup analysis, treatment-effect heterogeneity
Abstract

ObjectiveBecause each patient's baseline (pre-treatment) characteristics differ (e.g., age, sex, socioeconomic status, ethnicity/race, biomarkers), treatments do not work the same for every patient-some can even cause detrimental effects. To improve patient care, it is critical to identify such heterogeneity of treatment effects. But the standard analytic approach dichotomizes baseline characteristics (low vs. high) which often leads to a loss of critical patient-care information and power to detect heterogeneity, as the results may depend strongly on the cut-points chosen. A more powerful analytic approach is to analyze baseline characteristics (i.e., covariates) measured on a continuous scale that retains all of the information available for the covariate.MethodsIn this article, we show how the Johnson-Neyman (J-N) method can be used to identify the prognostic and predictive value of baseline covariates measured on a continuous scale - findings that often cannot be determined using the traditional dichotomized approach. As an example, we used the J-N method to explore treatment effects for varying levels of the biomarker salivary mutans streptococci (MS) in a randomized clinical prevention trial comparing fluoride varnish with no fluoride varnish for 376 initially caries-free high-risk children, all of whom received oral health counseling.ResultsThe J-N analysis showed that children with higher baseline MS values who were randomized to receive fluoride varnish had the poorest dental caries prognosis and may have benefitted most from the preventive agent.ConclusionSuch methods are likely to be an important tool in the field of personalized oral health care.

Published
2013

55. Randomized Phase III Placebo-Controlled Trial of Letrozole Plus Oral Temsirolimus As First-Line Endocrine Therapy in Postmenopausal Women With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer

Author

Wolff, Antonio C, Lazar, Ann A, Bondarenko, Igor, Garin, August M, Brincat, Stephen, Chow, Louis, Sun, Yan, Neskovic-Konstantinovic, Zora, Guimaraes, Rodrigo C, Fumoleau, Pierre, Chan, Arlene, Hachemi, Soulef, Strahs, Andrew, Cincotta, Maria, Berkenblit, Anna, Krygowski, Mizue, Kang, Lih Lisa, Moore, Laurence, and Hayes, Daniel F

Subjects
Breast Cancer, Clinical Research, Cancer, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Aging, Estrogen, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Administration, Oral, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Breast Neoplasms, Disease-Free Survival, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Letrozole, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Metastasis, Nitriles, Placebos, Postmenopause, Sirolimus, Treatment Outcome, Triazoles, Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Oncology & Carcinogenesis
Abstract

PurposeRecent data showed improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) when adding everolimus to exemestane in patients with advanced breast cancer experiencing recurrence/progression after nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy. Here, we report clinical outcomes of combining the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor temsirolimus with letrozole in AI-naive patients.Patients and methodsThis phase III randomized placebo-controlled study tested efficacy/safety of first-line oral letrozole 2.5 mg daily/temsirolimus 30 mg daily (5 days every 2 weeks) versus letrozole/placebo in 1,112 patients with AI-naive, hormone receptor-positive advanced disease. An independent data monitoring committee recommended study termination for futility at the second preplanned interim analysis (382 PFS events).ResultsPatients were balanced (median age, 63 years; 10% stage III, 40% had received adjuvant endocrine therapy). Those on letrozole/temsirolimus experienced more grade 3 to 4 events (37% v 24%). There was no overall improvement in primary end point PFS (median, 9 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.90; 95% CI, 0.76 to 1.07; P = .25) nor in the 40% patient subset with prior adjuvant endocrine therapy. An exploratory analysis showed improved PFS favoring letrozole/temsirolimus in patients ≤ age 65 years (9.0 v 5.6 months; HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.93; P = .009), which was separately examined by an exploratory analysis of 5-month PFS using subpopulation treatment effect pattern plot methodology (P = .003).ConclusionAdding temsirolimus to letrozole did not improve PFS as first-line therapy in patients with AI-naive advanced breast cancer. Exploratory analyses of benefit in younger postmenopausal patients require external confirmation.

Published
2013

57. Accelerated Worsening in Serum Neurofilament Light Chain Levels and Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite in Women with MS after Menopause (S9.009)

Author

Silverman, Hannah, primary, Bostrom, Alan, additional, Lazar, Ann, additional, Gomez, Refujia, additional, Santaniello, Adam, additional, Renschen, Adam, additional, Harms, Meagan, additional, Cooper, Tiffany, additional, Lincoln, Robin, additional, Poole, Shane, additional, Henry, Roland, additional, Oksenberg, Jorge, additional, Hauser, Stephen, additional, Cree, Bruce A. C., additional, and Bove, Riley, additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

58. Deep-learning-based biomarker of spinal cartilage endplate health using ultra-short echo time magnetic resonance imaging.

Author

Chachad, Ravi, Chachad, Ravi, Zhou, Jiamin, Guo, Xiaojie, ONeill, Conor, Castellanos, Joel, Du, Jiang, Jang, Hyungseok, Krug, Roland, Fields, Aaron, Wang, Linshanshan, Lazar, Ann, Bonnheim, Noah, Chachad, Ravi, Chachad, Ravi, Zhou, Jiamin, Guo, Xiaojie, ONeill, Conor, Castellanos, Joel, Du, Jiang, Jang, Hyungseok, Krug, Roland, Fields, Aaron, Wang, Linshanshan, Lazar, Ann, and Bonnheim, Noah

Abstract

BACKGROUND: T2* relaxation times in the spinal cartilage endplate (CEP) measured using ultra-short echo time magnetic resonance imaging (UTE MRI) reflect aspects of biochemical composition that influence the CEPs permeability to nutrients. Deficits in CEP composition measured using T2* biomarkers from UTE MRI are associated with more severe intervertebral disc degeneration in patients with chronic low back pain (cLBP). The goal of this study was to develop an objective, accurate, and efficient deep-learning-based method for calculating biomarkers of CEP health using UTE images. METHODS: Multi-echo UTE MRI of the lumbar spine was acquired from a prospectively enrolled cross-sectional and consecutive cohort of 83 subjects spanning a wide range of ages and cLBP-related conditions. CEPs from the L4-S1 levels were manually segmented on 6,972 UTE images and used to train neural networks utilizing the u-net architecture. CEP segmentations and mean CEP T2* values derived from manually- and model-generated segmentations were compared using Dice scores, sensitivity, specificity, Bland-Altman, and receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) analysis. Signal-to-noise (SNR) and contrast-to-noise (CNR) ratios were calculated and related to model performance. RESULTS: Compared with manual CEP segmentations, model-generated segmentations achieved sensitives of 0.80-0.91, specificities of 0.99, Dice scores of 0.77-0.85, area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve values of 0.99, and precision-recall (PR) AUC values of 0.56-0.77, depending on spinal level and sagittal image position. Mean CEP T2* values and principal CEP angles derived from the model-predicted segmentations had low bias in an unseen test dataset (T2* bias =0.33±2.37 ms, angle bias =0.36±2.65°). To simulate a hypothetical clinical scenario, the predicted segmentations were used to stratify CEPs into high, medium, and low T2* groups. Group predictions had diagnostic sensitivities of 0.77-0.86 and specificities of

Published
2023

61. Supplementary Figure from Validation of Anticorrelated TGFβ Signaling and Alternative End-Joining DNA Repair Signatures that Predict Response to Genotoxic Cancer Therapy

Author

Guix, Ines, primary, Liu, Qi, primary, Pujana, Miquel Angel, primary, Ha, Patrick, primary, Piulats, Josep, primary, Linares, Isabel, primary, Guedea, Ferran, primary, Mao, Jian-Hua, primary, Lazar, Ann, primary, Chapman, Jocelyn, primary, Yom, Sue S., primary, Ashworth, Alan, primary, and Barcellos-Hoff, Mary Helen, primary

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

63. Factors Influencing Dental Hygienists' Decisions to Pursue Doctoral Degrees

Author

Carpenter, Emma, Lazar, Ann A., Essex, Gwen, Davis, Cheryl A., and Rowe, Dorothy J.

Subjects
Career development -- Comparative analysis -- Health aspects -- Surveys, Professional development -- Comparative analysis -- Health aspects -- Surveys, Philosophy -- Comparative analysis -- Health aspects -- Surveys, Job satisfaction -- Comparative analysis -- Health aspects -- Surveys, Health
Abstract

Purpose: To identify the factors that have influenced dental hygienists to pursue post-graduate education opportunities, specifically dental (DDS, DMD) as compared to academic doctoral degrees, such as doctor of philosophy (PhD) or doctor of education (EdD). Methods: A convenience sample of dental hygienists with doctoral degrees were identified from multiple sources (n=140) and sent a 27-item web-based survey. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influence of independent variables (respondents' demographic and personal characteristics, influential persons and experiences, encouraging and motivating factors) on the respondents' decision to pursue either a dental or an academic doctoral degree. Results: Of the 140 potential participants, 69 (n=69) responded (49% response rate): 17 dental degree respondents, 46 academic degree respondents. In contrast to academic degree respondents, those with dental degrees graduated from dental hygiene programs more recently (p=0.03), spent less time working as a dental hygienist (p=0.01), considered themselves mechanically inclined (p=0.03), and preferred to learn a new skill rather than read about a current research study (p=0.002). Both groups agreed that working one-on-one with people was important to career satisfaction. Dental degree respondents were more likely to have been influenced or encouraged to pursue dentistry by dentists (p=0.01) and family (p=0.004). Academic degree respondents were more likely to have had experiences with a researcher/ scientist (p=0.004) or had been influenced by an educator (p=0.01). Only 40% of all respondents reported that dental hygiene instructors were instrumental in encouraging their advanced education. Conclusion: Dental hygienists possessing characteristics similar to the academic degree respondents in this study should be encouraged to pursue academic doctoral education, providing the necessary skills to advance the dental hygiene profession. Keywords: dental hygiene education, faculty development, professional development, postgraduate education This manuscript supports the NDHRA priority area Professional development: Education (educational models). Submitted for publication: 3/27/17; accepted:10/11/17, Introduction Increasing numbers of dental hygienists have been advancing their education to the doctoral level in recent years with the majority pursuing doctoral degrees in dentistry as a Doctor of [...]

Published
2018

65. Solutions for Determining the Significance Region Using the Johnson-Neyman Type Procedure in Generalized Linear (Mixed) Models

Author

Lazar, Ann A. and Zerbe, Gary O.

Abstract

Researchers often compare the relationship between an outcome and covariate for two or more groups by evaluating whether the fitted regression curves differ significantly. When they do, researchers need to determine the "significance region," or the values of the covariate where the curves significantly differ. In analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), the Johnson-Neyman procedure can be used to determine the significance region; for the hierarchical linear model (HLM), the Miyazaki and Maier (M-M) procedure has been suggested. However, neither procedure can assume nonnormally distributed data. Furthermore, the M-M procedure produces biased (downward) results because it uses the Wald test, does not control the inflated Type I error rate due to multiple testing, and requires implementing multiple software packages to determine the significance region. In this article, we address these limitations by proposing solutions for determining the significance region suitable for generalized linear (mixed) model (GLM or GLMM). These proposed solutions incorporate test statistics that resolve the biased results, control the Type I error rate using Scheffe's method, and uses a single statistical software package to determine the significance region. (Contains 2 tables and 2 figures.)

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

66. Emergency department visits and emergency-to-inpatient admissions for abnormal uterine bleeding in the USA nationwide.

Author

Grubman, Jessica, Hawkins, Mitzi, Whetstone, Sara, Autry, Meg, Lazar, Ann, Sawaya, George F., and Jacoby, Vanessa

Abstract

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common but understudied gynaecological problem, and data are lacking on emergency department (ED) visits and associated ED-to-inpatient admissions for AUB. This project aims to further understanding of the burden of AUB on patients and the healthcare system by establishing the number and characteristics of women with AUB in the ED and evaluating predictors of AUB-related inpatient hospitalisation in the USA.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of women presenting to the ED with non-malignant AUB in the 2016 US Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS). Clinical, demographic and hospital system factors were evaluated. χ2 and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the proportion of visits with each characteristic, resulting in inpatient admission versus discharge from the ED. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyse predictors of AUB in the ED and of AUB-related hospitalisations.Results: There were 1.03 million AUB-related visits in the 2016 NEDS, of which 11.2% resulted in inpatient admission. Clinical as well as demographic and hospital system factors influenced ED disposition. Women with AUB tended to be of reproductive age, be underinsured, live in lower income and urban areas, and present to urban and public hospitals. However, older age, higher income, better insurance, presentation to private hospitals and rural residence predicted inpatient admission.Conclusions: Our study highlights the ED as an essential place of care for women with AUB while also demonstrating the importance of access to outpatient gynaecology services as some AUB-related ED visits may be preventable with outpatient care. The significant demographic and hospital system differences, as well as expected clinical differences, between women with AUB admitted to inpatient and women discharged from the ED imply structural biases impacting AUB-related ED care and add to the deepening understanding of health disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

68. Subpopulation Treatment Effect Pattern Plot (STEPP) Methods with R and Stata

Author

Venturini, Sergio, Bonetti, Marco, Lazar, Ann A., Cole, Bernard F., Wang, Xin&nbsp, Victoria, Gelber, Richard D., and Yip, Wai-Ki

Subjects
Settore SECS-S/01 - STATISTICA, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, interaction, clinical trial, treatment-covariate interaction, subgroup analysis, subpopulation, General Environmental Science, clinical trial, interaction, subgroup analysis, subpopulation, treatment-covariate interaction
Abstract

We introduce the stepp packages for R and Stata that implement the subpopulation treatment effect pattern plot (STEPP) method. STEPP is a nonparametric graphical tool aimed at examining possible heterogeneous treatment effects in subpopulations defined on a continuous covariate or composite score. More pecifically, STEPP considers overlapping subpopulations defined with respect to a continuous covariate (or risk index) and it estimates a treatment effect for each subpopulation. It also produces confidence regions and tests for treatment effect heterogeneity among the subpopulations. The original method has been extended in different directions such as different survival contexts, outcome types, or more efficient procedures for identifying the overlapping subpopulations. In this paper, we also introduce a novel method to determine the number of subjects within the subpopulations by minimizing the variability of the sizes of the subpopulations generated by a specific parameter combination. We illustrate the packages using both synthetic data and publicly available data sets. The most intensive computations in R are implemented in Fortran, while the Stata version exploits the powerful Mata language.

Published
2022

70. Detection of early-stage oral cancer lesions: a survey of California dental hygienists

Author

Barao, Dayna M. Hashimoto, Essex, Gwen, Lazar, Ann A., and Rowe, Dorothy J.

Subjects
Cancer -- Diagnosis, Dental hygienists -- Surveys, Mouth cancer -- Diagnosis -- Development and progression, Health
Abstract

Purpose: To assess dental hygienists' knowledge of early-stage oral cancer lesions and their practices, attitudes, barriers, and facilitators related to early detection. Methods: A 20-item survey containing images of oral lesions and related multiple-choice questions was distributed electronically by the California Dental Hygienists' Association to all dental hygienists whose email addresses were in their database. Response frequencies were calculated per survey item. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore associations. Results: Seven hundred fifty-one dental hygienists responded, yielding a 12% response rate. Respondents' correct identification of the six images of oral lesions varied from 40%-97%. Most respondents reported conducting oral cancer examinations (OCE) at every dental hygiene appointment and performing palpation during OCE. Regions of the mouth varied regarding the frequency of palpation. Lymph node palpation was considered the most commonly omitted step. Those who conducted palpations were 3.3 (95% CI: 1.4 to 7.9, p=0.006) times more likely to report that they knew someone with oral cancer and had detected oral cancer lesions than those who did not. Knowing a person with a history of oral cancer and previously detecting a cancerous lesion were also reported as factors encouraging respondents to bring suspicious lesions to the attention of the dentist. Discouraging factors were mostly related to the dentist' behavior, such as not referring a suspicious lesion for biopsy that the respondent identified. Conclusion: Detection of early-stage oral cancer lesions by dental hygienists may be enhanced through more extensive education of visual appearances of lesions and the importance of palpation in a comprehensive OCE. Keywords: clinical management, continuing education, dental hygiene education/curriculum, evidence based practice, health promotion, oral cancer This study supports the NDHRA priority area, Clinical Dental Hygiene Care: to assess the use of evidence-based treatment recommendations in dental hygiene practice., INTRODUCTION Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, (1) with 630,000 newly diagnosed cases and 350,000 deaths per year. (1,2) Most cases of oral cancer are [...]

Published
2016

72. Subpopulation Treatment Effect Pattern Plot (STEPP) Methods with R and Stata.

Author

VENTURINI, SERGIO, BONETTI, MARCO, LAZAR, ANN A., COLE, BERNARD F., WANG, XIN VICTORIA, GELBER, RICHARD D., WAI-KI, and YIP

Subjects
TREATMENT effectiveness, CONFIDENCE regions (Mathematics), CONFIDENCE intervals, FORTRAN
Abstract

We introduce the stepp packages for R and Stata that implement the subpopulation treatment effect pattern plot (STEPP) method. STEPP is a nonparametric graphical tool aimed at examining possible heterogeneous treatment effects in subpopulations defined on a continuous covariate or composite score. More pecifically, STEPP considers overlapping subpopulations defined with respect to a continuous covariate (or risk index) and it estimates a treatment effect for each subpopulation. It also produces confidence regions and tests for treatment effect heterogeneity among the subpopulations. The original method has been extended in different directions such as different survival contexts, outcome types, or more efficient procedures for identifying the overlapping subpopulations. In this paper, we also introduce a novel method to determine the number of subjects within the subpopulations by minimizing the variability of the sizes of the subpopulations generated by a specific parameter combination. We illustrate the packages using both synthetic data and publicly available data sets. The most intensive computations in R are implemented in Fortran, while the Stata version exploits the powerful Mata language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

75. Randomized Study of Digital Life Coaching during Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation

Author

Banerjee, Rahul, primary, Lazar, Ann A., additional, Ryan, Chloe, additional, Knoche, Jen, additional, Brassil, Kelly Jean, additional, Jackson, Lindsey, additional, Patel, Dhiren, additional, Lo, Mimi, additional, Arora, Shagun, additional, Chung, Alfred, additional, Wong, Sandy W., additional, Wolf, Jeffrey L., additional, Martin, Thomas, additional, Dhruva, Anand, additional, and Shah, Nina, additional

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

76. Inaccurate Capture of Primary Language Spoken at Home in the Pediatric Medical Record Is Independently Associated with Low Parent Activation in a Pediatric Surgical Population

Author

Evans, Lauren L., primary, Kim, Phillip, additional, Shui, Amy M., additional, Lazar, Ann A., additional, Murota, Dinora M., additional, Jin, Joy Q., additional, Onwubiko, Chinwendu, additional, Vu, Lan, additional, Jensen, Aaron R., additional, and Lee, Hanmin, additional

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

78. Oral health care of Vietnamese adolescents: a qualitative study of perceptions and practices

Author

Pham, Kelly, Barker, Judith C., Lazar, Ann A., and Walsh, Margaret

Subjects
Oral health -- Health aspects, Parenting -- Health aspects, Youth -- Health aspects, Toiletries industry -- Health aspects, Toothbrushing -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

Purpose: To explore the oral health perceptions and practices of Vietnamese adolescents 13 to 17 years old in San Jose, Calif. Methods: A purposeful sample of 10 Vietnamese parents with adolescent children were recruited at a Temple in San Jose, Calif. After gaining parental consent and adolescent assent, Vietnamese adolescents participated in an audio-taped, 20 to 30 minute, individual, semi-structured interview in English to explore their perceptions about oral health. Interview data were transcribed verbatim. All statements related to each question were identified, and similar statements were grouped into categories. Results: Ten adolescents participated in the study. All reported tooth appearance as the most important reason for oral care, and that oral health, diet and general health were related. All were concerned about dental pain. Of the respondents, 9 believed that having good teeth would give them more confidence, and help them find jobs and romantic partners, while 2 did not follow recommended oral hygiene routines or recognize early signs of disease. Seven participants favored U.S. dentists over Vietnamese dentists. Frequently reported barriers to seeking dental care were fear of dental treatment (n=7) and inability to pay for dental care (n=6). Conclusion: When educating Vietnamese adolescents, dental hygienists need to highlight availability of pain control, encourage better performance of personal oral hygiene and recommend dental clinics with sliding fee scales to low-income families. This approach to oral health education may enhance dental health and seeking of regular dental visits. Keywords: adolescents, oral health, qualitative, perception, belief, attitude This study supports the NDHRA priority area, Health Promotion/Disease Prevention: Assess strategies for effective communication between the dental hygienist and client., INTRODUCTION The 1999 National Oral Health Survey of Vietnam reported 70% of children had decayed, missing or filled teeth. (1) In addition, a 2010 survey of the Vietnamese adult population [...]

Published
2015

79. Hearing difficulties among experienced dental hygienists: a survey

Author

Lazar, Ann, Kauer, Rupinder, and Rowe, Dorothy

Subjects
Noise control -- Surveys, Medical personnel -- Practice, Hearing loss -- Risk factors -- Research, Health
Abstract

Purpose: Assess prevalence of self-reported hearing difficulties among experienced dental hygienists who have been practicing for a minimum of 20 years and explore the relationship between hearing difficulties and occupational noise exposure from ultrasonic scalers. Methods: A 19-item survey was mailed to a random sample of 1,067 dental hygienists who had obtained their California licenses between 1972 and 1992. To estimate the prevalence of hearing difficulty, binomial proportion and associated 95% confidence interval are presented. Logistic regression model of hearing difficulty was used to assess an association with ultrasonic scaler use. Results: Response rate was 35% (n = 372/1,067). The prevalence of self-reported hearing difficulty was 40% (95% confidence interval, 35 to 44%). Of the 17% (95% confidence interval, 14 to 21%) of respondents that reported hearing difficulty due to ultrasonic scalers, most (91%) reported that their hearing difficulty was confirmed by an audiologist. Respondents with hearing difficulty due to scalers were 2-times (odds ratio: 2.0, 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 3.6, p = 0.03) more likely to report significantly higher scaler use than those who did not have hearing difficulty after adjusting for age and other potential causes of hearing difficulties. Conclusion: The prevalence of hearing difficulty at 40% among dental hygienists with an average age of 56 years was considerably higher than the reported national average at 17% for adults 70 years or older. Long-term noise exposure to dental equipment, such as ultrasonic scalers, may contribute to hearing difficulties among experienced dental hygienists. Ear protection is suggested as a preventive measure while using noisy dental equipment. Keywords: dental hygienist, ultrasonic scalers, hearing loss, noise-induced, occupational hazards This study supports the NDHRA priority area, Occupational Health and Safety: Investigate the impact of exposure to environmental stressors on the health of the dental hygienist (aerosols, chemicals, latex, nitrous oxide, handpiece/instrument noise)., INTRODUCTION Dental personnel are in an occupational field that exposes them to hazardous noises on a daily basis. (1) The decibel, which is measured on a logarithmic sale using an [...]

Published
2015

80. Assessment of pathology instruction in U.S. dental hygiene educational programs

Author

Jacobs, Barbara B., Lazar, Ann A., and Rowe, Dorothy J.

Subjects
Health education -- Health aspects -- Surveys -- Study and teaching, Educational assessment -- Health aspects -- Surveys -- Study and teaching, Oral hygiene -- Health aspects -- Surveys -- Study and teaching, Health, American Dental Hygienists' Association -- Surveys -- Study and teaching
Abstract

Purpose: To assess the instruction of pathology content in entry-level and advanced practitioner dental hygiene educational programs and the program directors' perceptions whether their graduates are adequately prepared to meet the increasingly complex medical and oral health needs of the public. Methods: A 28-question survey of instructional content and perceptions was developed and distributed using Qualtrics[R] software to the 340 directors of entry-level and advanced practitioner dental hygiene programs in the US. Respondents rated their level of agreement to a series of statements regarding their perceptions of graduates' preparation to perform particular dental hygiene services associated with pathology. Descriptive statistics for all 28 categorical survey questions were calculated and presented as the frequency (percentage). Results: Of the 340 directors surveyed, 130 (38%) responded. Most entry-level respondents (53%) agreed or strongly agreed (29%) that their graduates were adequately prepared to meet the complex medical and oral health needs of the public, while all respondents of advanced practitioner programs strongly agreed. More respondents strongly agreed to statements related to clinical instruction than to didactic courses. While 64% of respondents agreed that their graduates were prepared to practice unsupervised, if it were legally allowed, 21% were ambivalent. The extent of pathology instruction in entry-level programs varied, but most used traditional formats of instruction, educational resources and assessments of educational outcomes. Advanced practitioner programs emphasized histological and clinical examination of oral lesions and patient case studies. Conclusion: Strengthening pathology instruction would ensure that future generations of dental hygienists would be adequately prepared to treat medically compromised patients. Keywords: dental hygiene students, dental hygiene curriculum, dental hygiene programs, oral pathology, oral cancer, medically compromised patients This study supports the NDHRA priority area, Professional Education and Development: Evaluate the extent to which current dental hygiene curricula prepare dental hygienists to meet the increasingly complex oral health needs of the public., Introduction Medically compromised patients are individuals disabled from systemic diseases or conditions arising from aging, obesity, new infections and use and abuse of drugs. (1) These pathologic conditions can be [...]

Published
2015

82. Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy and High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy Boost in Combination With Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer: A Single-Institution Propensity Score Matched Analysis

Author

Chen, William C., primary, Li, Yun, additional, Lazar, Ann, additional, Altun, Aysu, additional, Descovich, Martina, additional, Nano, Tomi, additional, Ziemer, Benjamin, additional, Sudhyadhom, Atchar, additional, Cunha, Adam, additional, Thomas, Horatio, additional, Gottschalk, Alexander, additional, Hsu, I-Chow, additional, and Roach, Mack, additional

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

85. Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Functional TGFβ Activity and Benefit of TGFβ Inhibition in Irradiated Intracranial Tumors

Author

Gonzalez-Junca, Alba, Reiners, Oliver, Borrero-Garcia, Luis D., Beckford-Vera, Denis, Lazar, Ann A., Chou, William, Braunstein, Steve, VanBrocklin, Henry, Franc, Benjamin L., and Barcellos-Hoff, Mary Helen

Subjects
Male, Brain Neoplasms, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Article, Mice, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Cell Line, Tumor, Positron-Emission Tomography, Animals, Humans, Female
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) promotes cell survival by endorsing DNA damage repair and mediates an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Thus, TGFβ activation in response to radiation therapy is potentially targetable because it opposes therapeutic control. Strategies to assess this potential in the clinic are needed. METHODS & MATERIALS: We evaluated positron emission tomography (PET) to image (89)Zr -fresolimumab, a humanized TGFβ neutralizing monoclonal antibody, as means to detect TGFβ activation in intracranial tumor models. TGFβ pathway activity was validated by immunodetection of phosphorylated SMAD2 and TGFβ target, tenascin. The contribution of TGFβ to radiation response was assessed by Kaplan Meier survival analysis of mice bearing intracranial murine tumor models, GL261 and SB28 glioblastoma and brain-adapted 4T1 breast cancer (4T1-BrA) treated with TGFβ neutralizing monoclonal antibody, 1D11, and/or focal radiation (10 Gy). RESULTS: (89)Zr-fresolimumab PET imaging detected engineered, physiological and radiation-induced TGFβ activation, which was confirmed by immunostaining of biological markers. GL261 glioblastoma tumors had more PET signal compared to similar sized SB28 glioblastoma tumors, whereas widespread PET signal of 4T1-BrA intracranial tumors is consistent with its highly dispersed histological distribution. Survival of mice bearing intracranial tumors treated with 1D11 neutralizing antibody alone was similar to that of mice treated with control antibody whereas 1D11 improved survival when given in combination with focal radiation. The extent of survival benefit of combination of radiation and 1D11 was associated with the degree of TGFβ activity detected by PET. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that (89)Zr -fresolimumab PET imaging detects radiation-induced TGFβ activation in tumors. Functional imaging indicated a range of TGFβ activity in intracranial tumors, but TGFβ blockade provided survival benefit only in the context of radiation treatment. These studies are further evidence that radiation-induced TGFβ activity opposes therapeutic response to radiation.

Published
2020

86. Exploring the effects of visual and literary arts interventions on psychosocial well-being of diverse older adults: a mixed methods pilot study

Author

Johnson, Julene K., Carpenter, Tim, Goodhart, Nancy, Stewart, Anita L., du Plessis, Lindsay, Coaston, Angela, Clark, Kristen D., Lazar, Ann, Chapline, Jeffrey, Johnson, Julene K., Carpenter, Tim, Goodhart, Nancy, Stewart, Anita L., du Plessis, Lindsay, Coaston, Angela, Clark, Kristen D., Lazar, Ann, and Chapline, Jeffrey

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

89. Digital Life Coaching for Myeloma Patients Undergoing Transplantation

Author

Banerjee, Rahul, primary, Lazar, Ann, additional, Dunn, Lisa, additional, Knoche, Jennifer, additional, Brassil, Kelly Jean, additional, Patel, Dhiren, additional, Jackson, Lindsey, additional, Lo, Mimi, additional, Dhruva, Anand, additional, Arora, Shagun, additional, Wong, Sandy W., additional, Wolf, Jeffrey L., additional, Martin, Thomas, additional, and Shah, Nina, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

90. Evaluation of a National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines–Based Decision Support Tool in Patients With Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Author

Wu, Susan Y., primary, Lazar, Ann A., additional, Gubens, Matthew A., additional, Blakely, Collin M., additional, Gottschalk, Alexander R., additional, Jablons, David M., additional, Jahan, Thierry M., additional, Wang, Victoria E. H., additional, Dunbar, Taylor L., additional, Wong, Melisa L., additional, Chan, Jason W., additional, Guthrie, William, additional, Belkora, Jeff, additional, and Yom, Sue S., additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

94. Re-establishing abstinence after alcohol relapse after early transplant (LT) for alcoholic hepatitis (AH) provides survival advantage

Author

Therapondos, George, primary, Lee, Brian, additional, Im, Gene, additional, Rice, John, additional, Lazar, Ann, additional, Lucey, Michael R., additional, Weinberg, Ethan, additional, Han, Hyosun, additional, Maddur, Haripriya, additional, Ghobrial, R. Mark, additional, Hsu, Christine, additional, Fix, Oren, additional, Eswaran, Sheila, additional, Shetty, Kirti, additional, Jakhete, Neha, additional, Victor, David, additional, Foley, David, additional, Mehta, Neil, additional, Rinella, Mary, additional, Schiano, Thomas, additional, Mobley, Constance, additional, and Terrault, Norah, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

96. Improved Tumor Control Related to Radiotherapy Technological Development for Hypopharyngeal Cancer

Author

Susko, Matthew S., primary, Lazar, Ann A., additional, Dhar, Shwena, additional, Chan, Jason W., additional, Shiao, Stephen L., additional, Chapman, Christopher H., additional, Johnson, Julian, additional, Quivey, Jeanne M., additional, Ryan, William R., additional, Heaton, Chase M., additional, Ha, Patrick K., additional, and Yom, Sue S., additional

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results