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51. Supplementary material to "Global Carbon Budget 2022"

Author

Friedlingstein, Pierre, primary, O'Sullivan, Michael, additional, Jones, Matthew W., additional, Andrew, Robbie M., additional, Gregor, Luke, additional, Hauck, Judith, additional, Le Quéré, Corinne, additional, Luijkx, Ingrid T., additional, Olsen, Are, additional, Peters, Glen P., additional, Peters, Wouter, additional, Pongratz, Julia, additional, Schwingshackl, Clemens, additional, Sitch, Stephen, additional, Canadell, Josep G., additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Jackson, Robert B., additional, Alin, Simone R., additional, Alkama, Ramdane, additional, Arneth, Almut, additional, Arora, Vivek K., additional, Bates, Nicholas R., additional, Becker, Meike, additional, Bellouin, Nicolas, additional, Bittig, Henry C., additional, Bopp, Laurent, additional, Chevallier, Frédéric, additional, Chini, Louise P., additional, Cronin, Margot, additional, Evans, Wiley, additional, Falk, Stefanie, additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, Gasser, Thomas, additional, Gehlen, Marion, additional, Gkritzalis, Thanos, additional, Gloege, Lucas, additional, Grassi, Giacomo, additional, Gruber, Nicolas, additional, Gürses, Özgür, additional, Harris, Ian, additional, Hefner, Matthew, additional, Houghton, Richard A., additional, Hurtt, George C., additional, Iida, Yosuke, additional, Ilyina, Tatiana, additional, Jain, Atul K., additional, Jersild, Annika, additional, Kadono, Koji, additional, Kato, Etsushi, additional, Kennedy, Daniel, additional, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, additional, Knauer, Jürgen, additional, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Lefèvre, Nathalie, additional, Lindsay, Keith, additional, Liu, Junjie, additional, Liu, Zhu, additional, Marland, Gregg, additional, Mayot, Nicolas, additional, McGrath, Matthew J., additional, Metzl, Nicolas, additional, Monacci, Natalie M., additional, Munro, David R., additional, Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, additional, Niwa, Yosuke, additional, O'Brien, Kevin, additional, Ono, Tsuneo, additional, Palmer, Paul I., additional, Pan, Naiqing, additional, Pierrot, Denis, additional, Pocock, Katie, additional, Poulter, Benjamin, additional, Resplandy, Laure, additional, Robertson, Eddy, additional, Rödenbeck, Christian, additional, Rodriguez, Carmen, additional, Rosan, Thais M., additional, Schwinger, Jörg, additional, Séférian, Roland, additional, Shutler, Jamie D., additional, Skjelvan, Ingunn, additional, Steinhoff, Tobias, additional, Sun, Qing, additional, Sutton, Adrienne J., additional, Sweeney, Colm, additional, Takao, Shintaro, additional, Tanhua, Toste, additional, Tans, Pieter P., additional, Tian, Xiangjun, additional, Tian, Hanqin, additional, Tilbrook, Bronte, additional, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, additional, Tubiello, Francesco, additional, van der Werf, Guido, additional, Walker, Anthony P., additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Whitehead, Chris, additional, Willstrand Wranne, Anna, additional, Wright, Rebecca, additional, Yuan, Wenping, additional, Yue, Chao, additional, Yue, Xu, additional, Zaehle, Sönke, additional, Zeng, Jiye, additional, and Zheng, Bo, additional

Published
2022
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52. Global and Regional Trends and Drivers of Fire Under Climate Change

Author

Jones, Matthew W., Abatzoglou, John T., Veraverbeke, Sander, Andela, Niels, Lasslop, Gitta, Forkel, Matthias, Smith, Adam J. P., Burton, Chantelle, Betts, Richard A., van der Werf, Guido R., Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Santín, Cristina, Kolden, Crystal, Doerr, Stefan H., and Le Quéré, Corinne

Subjects
climate change, Geophysics, vegetation, SDG 13 - Climate Action, land use, lightning, burned area, fire weather
Abstract

European Union's Horizon 2020 (H2020), VERIFY project (no. 776810), H2020 CRESCENDO (no. 641816) and H2020 4C (no. 821003) projects; a grant from the H2020 research and innovation programme (no. 101000987) the Spanish “Ramón y Cajal” programme (no. RYC2018-025797-I) (...), Jones, MW (Jones, Matthew W.); Abatzoglou, JT (Abatzoglou, John T.); Veraverbeke, S (Veraverbeke, Sander); Andela, N (Andela, Niels); Lasslop, G (Lasslop, Gitta); Forkel, M (Forkel, Matthias); Smith, AJP (Smith, Adam J. P.); Burton, C (Burton, Chantelle); Betts, RA (Betts, Richard A.); van der Werf, GR (van der Werf, Guido R.); Sitch, S (Sitch, Stephen); Canadell, JG (Canadell, Josep G.); Santin, C (Santin, Cristina); Kolden, C (Kolden, Crystal); Doerr, SH (Doerr, Stefan H.); Le Quere, C (Le Quere, Corinne)

Published
2022
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53. Global Carbon Budget 2021

Author

Friedlingstein, Pierre, Jones, Matthew W., O'Sullivan, Michael, Andrew, Robbie M., Bakker, Dorothee C.E., Hauck, Judith, Le Quéré, Corinne, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Rob B., Alin, Simone R., Anthoni, Peter, Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bopp, Laurent, Chau, Thi Tuyet Trang, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Currie, Kim I., Decharme, Bertrand, Djeutchouang, Laique M., Dou, Xinyu, Evans, Wiley, Feely, Richard A., Feng, Liang, Gasser, Thomas, Gilfillan, Dennis, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Grassi, Giacomo, Gregor, Luke, Gruber, Nicolas, Gürses, Özgür, Harris, Ian, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Jain, Atul, Jones, Steve D., Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Goldewijk, Kees Klein, Knauer, Jürgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Körtzinger, Arne, Landschützer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lienert, Sebastian, Liu, Junjie, Marland, Gregg, McGuire, Patrick C., Melton, Joe R., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E.M.S., Nakaoka, Shin Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, Ono, Tsuneo, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rödenbeck, Christian, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jörg, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Séférian, Roland, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tubiello, Francesco, Van Der Werf, Guido R., Vuichard, Nicolas, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watson, Andrew J., Willis, David, Wiltshire, Andrew J., Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, Zeng, Jiye, Integr. Assessm. Global Environm. Change, and Environmental Sciences

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Sciences(all)
Abstract

Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe and synthesize datasets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. Fossil CO2 emissions (EFOS) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, while emissions from land-use change (ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land use and land-use change data and bookkeeping models. Atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly, and its growth rate (GATM) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN) is estimated with global ocean biogeochemistry models and observation-based data products. The terrestrial CO2 sink (SLAND) is estimated with dynamic global vegetation models. The resulting carbon budget imbalance (BIM), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as ±1σ. For the first time, an approach is shown to reconcile the difference in our ELUC estimate with the one from national greenhouse gas inventories, supporting the assessment of collective countries' climate progress. For the year 2020, EFOS declined by 5.4% relative to 2019, with fossil emissions at 9.5±0.5GtCyr-1 (9.3±0.5GtCyr-1 when the cement carbonation sink is included), and ELUC was 0.9±0.7GtCyr-1, for a total anthropogenic CO2 emission of 10.2±0.8GtCyr-1 (37.4±2.9GtCO2). Also, for 2020, GATM was 5.0±0.2GtCyr-1 (2.4±0.1ppmyr-1), SOCEAN was 3.0±0.4GtCyr-1, and SLAND was 2.9±1GtCyr-1, with a BIM of -0.8GtCyr-1. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration averaged over 2020 reached 412.45±0.1ppm. Preliminary data for 2021 suggest a rebound in EFOS relative to 2020 of +4.8% (4.2% to 5.4%) globally. Overall, the mean and trend in the components of the global carbon budget are consistently estimated over the period 1959-2020, but discrepancies of up to 1GtCyr-1 persist for the representation of annual to semi-decadal variability in CO2 fluxes. Comparison of estimates from multiple approaches and observations shows (1) a persistent large uncertainty in the estimate of land-use changes emissions, (2) a low agreement between the different methods on the magnitude of the land CO2 flux in the northern extra-tropics, and (3) a discrepancy between the different methods on the strength of the ocean sink over the last decade. This living data update documents changes in the methods and datasets used in this new global carbon budget and the progress in understanding of the global carbon cycle compared with previous publications of this dataset (Friedlingstein et al., 2020, 2019; Le Quéré et al., 2018b, a, 2016, 2015b, a, 2014, 2013). The data presented in this work are available at 10.18160/gcp-2021 (Friedlingstein et al., 2021).

Published
2022

54. Supplemental data of Global Carbon Project 2022

Author

Friedlingstein, Pierre, O'Sullivan, Michael, Jones, Matthew W., Andrew, Robbie M., Gregor, Luke, Hauck, Judith, Le Quéré, Corinne, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Olsen, Are, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Alin, Simone R., Alkama, Ramdane, Arneth, Almut, Arora, Vivek K., Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bittig, Henry C., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Evans, Wiley, Falk, Stefanie, Feely, Richard A., Gasser, Thomas, Gehlen, Marion, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Gloege, Lucas, Grassi, Giacomo, Gruber, Nicolas, Gürses, Özgür, Harris, Ian, Hefner, Matthew, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Jersild, Annika, Kadono, Koji, Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Knauer, Jürgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Landschützer, Peter, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lindsay, Keith, Liu, Junjie, Liu, Zhu, Marland, Gregg, Mayot, Nicolas, Mcgrath, Matthew J., Metzl, Nicolas, Monacci, Natalie M., Munro, David R., Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, O'brien, Kevin, Ono, Tsuneo, Palmer, Paul I., Pan, Naiqing, Pierrot, Denis, Pocock, Katie, Poulter, Benjamin, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rödenbeck, Christian, Rodriguez, Carmen, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Shutler, Jamie D., Skjelvan, Ingunn, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sun, Qing, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Takao, Shintaro, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Xiangjun, Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Tubiello, Francesco, Van Der Werf, Guido R., Walker, Anthony P., Wanninkhof, Rik, Whitehead, Chris, Willstrand Wranne, Anna, Wright, Rebecca, Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, Zeng, Jiye, Zheng, Bo, Friedlingstein, Pierre, O'Sullivan, Michael, Jones, Matthew W., Andrew, Robbie M., Gregor, Luke, Hauck, Judith, Le Quéré, Corinne, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Olsen, Are, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Robert B., Alin, Simone R., Alkama, Ramdane, Arneth, Almut, Arora, Vivek K., Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bittig, Henry C., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Evans, Wiley, Falk, Stefanie, Feely, Richard A., Gasser, Thomas, Gehlen, Marion, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Gloege, Lucas, Grassi, Giacomo, Gruber, Nicolas, Gürses, Özgür, Harris, Ian, Hefner, Matthew, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Jersild, Annika, Kadono, Koji, Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Knauer, Jürgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Landschützer, Peter, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lindsay, Keith, Liu, Junjie, Liu, Zhu, Marland, Gregg, Mayot, Nicolas, Mcgrath, Matthew J., Metzl, Nicolas, Monacci, Natalie M., Munro, David R., Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, O'brien, Kevin, Ono, Tsuneo, Palmer, Paul I., Pan, Naiqing, Pierrot, Denis, Pocock, Katie, Poulter, Benjamin, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rödenbeck, Christian, Rodriguez, Carmen, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Shutler, Jamie D., Skjelvan, Ingunn, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sun, Qing, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Takao, Shintaro, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Xiangjun, Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Tubiello, Francesco, Van Der Werf, Guido R., Walker, Anthony P., Wanninkhof, Rik, Whitehead, Chris, Willstrand Wranne, Anna, Wright, Rebecca, Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, Zeng, Jiye, and Zheng, Bo

Abstract

Supplement containing data related to the 2022 Global Carbon Budget from the Global Carbon Project. The original article is Friedlingstein et al: Global Carbon Budget 2022, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4811–4900, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022. Further information is available on: http://www.globalcarbonproject.org/carbonbudget, Supplement containing data related to the 2022 Global Carbon Budget from the Global Carbon Project. The original article is Friedlingstein et al: Global Carbon Budget 2022, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4811–4900, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022. Further information is available on: http://www.globalcarbonproject.org/carbonbudget. File Global_Carbon_Budget_2022v1.0.xlsx includes the following: 1. Summary 2. Global Carbon Budget 3. Fossil fuel emissions by Fuel Type 4. Land-use change emissions 5. Ocean Sink 6. Terrestrial sink 7. Historical Budget. File National_Carbon_Emissions_2022v1.0.xlsx includes the following: 1. Summary 2. Territorial emissions 3. Consumption emissions 4. Emissions transfers 5. Country definitions 6. Disaggregation 7. Aggregation

Published
2022

57. Characterizing the Southern Ocean Carbon Sink 1985 to 2018: A Synthesis in the Framework of the RECCAP2 Project

Author

Hauck, Judith, Gregor, L., Nissen, Cara, Patara, L., Hague, M., Mongwe, P., Bushinsky, S., Doney, S., Gruber, N., Le Quéré, Corinne, Manizza, M., Mazloff, M., Monteiro, Pedro, Séférian, R., Hauck, Judith, Gregor, L., Nissen, Cara, Patara, L., Hague, M., Mongwe, P., Bushinsky, S., Doney, S., Gruber, N., Le Quéré, Corinne, Manizza, M., Mazloff, M., Monteiro, Pedro, and Séférian, R.

Published
2022

58. Origin and magnitude of interannual variabilities in Southern Ocean air-sea O2 and CO2 fluxes

Author

Mayot, Nicolas, Le Quéré, Corinne, Manning, Andrew C., Bopp, Laurent, Gruber, Nicolas, Hauck, Judith, Ilyina, Tatiana, Keeling, R., Resplandy, Laure, Rödenbeck, Christian, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Willis, David, Mayot, Nicolas, Le Quéré, Corinne, Manning, Andrew C., Bopp, Laurent, Gruber, Nicolas, Hauck, Judith, Ilyina, Tatiana, Keeling, R., Resplandy, Laure, Rödenbeck, Christian, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, and Willis, David

Published
2022

59. Global Carbon Budget 2021

Author

Integr. Assessm. Global Environm. Change, Environmental Sciences, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Jones, Matthew W., O'Sullivan, Michael, Andrew, Robbie M., Bakker, Dorothee C.E., Hauck, Judith, Le Quéré, Corinne, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Rob B., Alin, Simone R., Anthoni, Peter, Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bopp, Laurent, Chau, Thi Tuyet Trang, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Currie, Kim I., Decharme, Bertrand, Djeutchouang, Laique M., Dou, Xinyu, Evans, Wiley, Feely, Richard A., Feng, Liang, Gasser, Thomas, Gilfillan, Dennis, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Grassi, Giacomo, Gregor, Luke, Gruber, Nicolas, Gürses, Özgür, Harris, Ian, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Jain, Atul, Jones, Steve D., Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Goldewijk, Kees Klein, Knauer, Jürgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Körtzinger, Arne, Landschützer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lienert, Sebastian, Liu, Junjie, Marland, Gregg, McGuire, Patrick C., Melton, Joe R., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E.M.S., Nakaoka, Shin Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, Ono, Tsuneo, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rödenbeck, Christian, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jörg, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Séférian, Roland, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tubiello, Francesco, Van Der Werf, Guido R., Vuichard, Nicolas, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watson, Andrew J., Willis, David, Wiltshire, Andrew J., Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, Zeng, Jiye, Integr. Assessm. Global Environm. Change, Environmental Sciences, Friedlingstein, Pierre, Jones, Matthew W., O'Sullivan, Michael, Andrew, Robbie M., Bakker, Dorothee C.E., Hauck, Judith, Le Quéré, Corinne, Peters, Glen P., Peters, Wouter, Pongratz, Julia, Sitch, Stephen, Canadell, Josep G., Ciais, Philippe, Jackson, Rob B., Alin, Simone R., Anthoni, Peter, Bates, Nicholas R., Becker, Meike, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bopp, Laurent, Chau, Thi Tuyet Trang, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Cronin, Margot, Currie, Kim I., Decharme, Bertrand, Djeutchouang, Laique M., Dou, Xinyu, Evans, Wiley, Feely, Richard A., Feng, Liang, Gasser, Thomas, Gilfillan, Dennis, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Grassi, Giacomo, Gregor, Luke, Gruber, Nicolas, Gürses, Özgür, Harris, Ian, Houghton, Richard A., Hurtt, George C., Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana, Luijkx, Ingrid T., Jain, Atul, Jones, Steve D., Kato, Etsushi, Kennedy, Daniel, Goldewijk, Kees Klein, Knauer, Jürgen, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Körtzinger, Arne, Landschützer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lienert, Sebastian, Liu, Junjie, Marland, Gregg, McGuire, Patrick C., Melton, Joe R., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E.M.S., Nakaoka, Shin Ichiro, Niwa, Yosuke, Ono, Tsuneo, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Resplandy, Laure, Robertson, Eddy, Rödenbeck, Christian, Rosan, Thais M., Schwinger, Jörg, Schwingshackl, Clemens, Séférian, Roland, Sutton, Adrienne J., Sweeney, Colm, Tanhua, Toste, Tans, Pieter P., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tubiello, Francesco, Van Der Werf, Guido R., Vuichard, Nicolas, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik, Watson, Andrew J., Willis, David, Wiltshire, Andrew J., Yuan, Wenping, Yue, Chao, Yue, Xu, Zaehle, Sönke, and Zeng, Jiye

Published
2022

72. Origin and magnitude of interannual variabilities in Southern Ocean air-sea O2 and CO2 fluxes

Author

Mayot, Nicolas, primary, Le Quéré, Corinne, additional, Manning, Andrew, additional, Willis, David, additional, Gruber, Nicolas, additional, Schwinger, Jörg, additional, Séférian, Roland, additional, Ilyina, Tatiana, additional, Hauck, Judith, additional, Resplandy, Laure, additional, Bopp, Laurent, additional, Keeling, Ralph, additional, and Rödenbeck, Christian, additional

Published
2022
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76. Chapter 1 Impacts of the Oceans on Climate Change

Author

Reid, Philip C., Fischer, Astrid C., Lewis-Brown, Emily, Meredith, Michael P., Sparrow, Mike, Andersson, Andreas J., Antia, Avan, Bates, Nicholas R., Bathmann, Ulrich, Beaugrand, Gregory, Brix, Holger, Dye, Stephen, Edwards, Martin, Furevik, Tore, Gangstø, Reidun, Hátún, Hjálmar, Hopcroft, Russell R., Kendall, Mike, Kasten, Sabine, Keeling, Ralph, Le Quéré, Corinne, Mackenzie, Fred T., Malin, Gill, Mauritzen, Cecilie, Ólafsson, Jón, Paull, Charlie, Rignot, Eric, Shimada, Koji, Vogt, Meike, Wallace, Craig, Wang, Zhaomin, and Washington, Richard

Published
2009
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80. Global Carbon Budget 2021

Author

Friedlingstein, Pierre, primary, Jones, Matthew W., additional, O'Sullivan, Michael, additional, Andrew, Robbie M., additional, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., additional, Hauck, Judith, additional, Le Quéré, Corinne, additional, Peters, Glen P., additional, Peters, Wouter, additional, Pongratz, Julia, additional, Sitch, Stephen, additional, Canadell, Josep G., additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Jackson, Rob B., additional, Alin, Simone R., additional, Anthoni, Peter, additional, Bates, Nicholas R., additional, Becker, Meike, additional, Bellouin, Nicolas, additional, Bopp, Laurent, additional, Chau, Thi T. T., additional, Chevallier, Frédéric, additional, Chini, Louise P., additional, Cronin, Margot, additional, Currie, Kim I., additional, Decharme, Bertrand, additional, Djeutchouang, Laique, additional, Dou, Xinyu, additional, Evans, Wiley, additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, Feng, Liang, additional, Gasser, Thomas, additional, Gilfillan, Dennis, additional, Gkritzalis, Thanos, additional, Grassi, Giacomo, additional, Gregor, Luke, additional, Gruber, Nicolas, additional, Gürses, Özgür, additional, Harris, Ian, additional, Houghton, Richard A., additional, Hurtt, George C., additional, Iida, Yosuke, additional, Ilyina, Tatiana, additional, Luijkx, Ingrid T., additional, Jain, Atul K., additional, Jones, Steve D., additional, Kato, Etsushi, additional, Kennedy, Daniel, additional, Klein Goldewijk, Kees, additional, Knauer, Jürgen, additional, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, additional, Körtzinger, Arne, additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Lauvset, Siv K., additional, Lefèvre, Nathalie, additional, Lienert, Sebastian, additional, Liu, Junjie, additional, Marland, Gregg, additional, McGuire, Patrick C., additional, Melton, Joe R., additional, Munro, David R., additional, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., additional, Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, additional, Niwa, Yosuke, additional, Ono, Tsuneo, additional, Pierrot, Denis, additional, Poulter, Benjamin, additional, Rehder, Gregor, additional, Resplandy, Laure, additional, Robertson, Eddy, additional, Rödenbeck, Christian, additional, Rosan, Thais M., additional, Schwinger, Jörg, additional, Schwingshackl, Clemens, additional, Séférian, Roland, additional, Sutton, Adrienne J., additional, Sweeney, Colm, additional, Tanhua, Toste, additional, Tans, Pieter P., additional, Tian, Hanqin, additional, Tilbrook, Bronte, additional, Tubiello, Francesco, additional, van der Werf, Guido, additional, Vuichard, Nicolas, additional, Wada, Chisato, additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Watson, Andrew, additional, Willis, David, additional, Wiltshire, Andrew J., additional, Yuan, Wenping, additional, Yue, Chao, additional, Yue, Xu, additional, Zaehle, Sönke, additional, and Zeng, Jiye, additional

Published
2021
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81. First report on research needs for verification

Author

Jones, Matthew and Le Quéré, Corinne

Abstract

Biases and spread in the estimates of each term of the global carbon budget challenge the robust detection of a trend in their central estimates, and moreover inhibit the attribution of a trend in atmospheric CO2 to anthropogenic emissions. We outline the key sources of bias and spread in each term of the global carbon budget, highlight examples of progress made in recent years and opportunities for further progress in the coming decades. Overall, we suggest that the capacity to verify changes in atmospheric CO2 on sub-decadal timescales will require concerted effort to incrementally address biases and uncertainties across all components of the budget.

Published
2021

82. The CO2 Human Emissions (CHE) Project: First Steps Towards a European Operational Capacity to Monitor Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions

Author

Balsamo, Gianpaolo, primary, Engelen, Richard, additional, Thiemert, Daniel, additional, Agusti-Panareda, Anna, additional, Bousserez, Nicolas, additional, Broquet, Grégoire, additional, Brunner, Dominik, additional, Buchwitz, Michael, additional, Chevallier, Frédéric, additional, Choulga, Margarita, additional, Denier Van Der Gon, Hugo, additional, Florentie, Liesbeth, additional, Haussaire, Jean-Matthieu, additional, Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, additional, Jones, Matthew W., additional, Kaminski, Thomas, additional, Krol, Maarten, additional, Le Quéré, Corinne, additional, Marshall, Julia, additional, McNorton, Joe, additional, Prunet, Pascal, additional, Reuter, Maximilian, additional, Peters, Wouter, additional, and Scholze, Marko, additional

Published
2021
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83. Testing the reconstruction of modelled particulate organic carbon from surface ecosystem components using PlankTOM12 and Machine Learning.

Author

Denvil-Sommer, Anna, Buitenhuis, Erik T., Kiko, Rainer, Lombard, Fabien, Guidi, Lionel, and Le Quéré, Corinne

Subjects
COLLOIDAL carbon, ECOLOGICAL disturbances, ECOSYSTEMS, ECOSYSTEM dynamics, RANDOM forest algorithms, CARBON cycle, MACHINE learning, MARINE ecology
Abstract

Understanding the relationship between surface marine ecosystems and the export of carbon to depth by sinking organic particles is key to represent the effect of ecosystem dynamics and diversity, and their evolution under multiple stressors, on the carbon cycle and climate in models. Recent observational technologies have greatly increased the amount of data available, both for the abundance of diverse plankton groups and for the concentration and properties of particulate organic carbon in the ocean interior. Here we use synthetic model data to test the potential of using Machine Learning (ML) to reproduce concentrations of particulate organic carbon within the ocean interior based on surface ecosystem and environmental data. We test two machine learning methods that differ in their approaches to data-fitting, the Random Forest and XGBoost methods. The synthetic data is sampled from the PlankTOM12 global biogeochemical model using the time and coordinates of existing observations. We test 27 different combinations of possible drivers to reconstruct small (POCS) and large (POCL) particulate organic carbon concentrations. We show that ML can successfully be used to reproduce modelled particulate organic carbon over most of the ocean based on ecosystem and modelled environmental drivers. XGBoost showed better results compared to Random Forest thanks to its gradient boosting trees architecture. The inclusion of Plankton Functional Types (PFTs) in driver sets improved the accuracy of the model reconstruction by 58 % on average for POCS, and by 22 % for POCL. Results were less robust over the Equatorial Pacific and some parts of the high latitudes. For POCS reconstruction, the most important drivers were the depth level, temperature, microzooplankton and PO4, while for POCL it was the depth level, temperature, mixed-layer depth, microzooplankton, phaeocystis, PO4 and chlorophyll a averaged over the mixed-layer depth. These results suggest that it will be possible to identify linkages between surface environmental and ecosystem structure and particulate organic carbon distribution within the ocean interior using real observations, and to use this knowledge to improve both our understanding of ecosystem dynamics and of their functional representation within models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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84. Uni.e.s dans la science… pour le climat

Author

Le Quéré, Corinne and Le Quéré, Corinne

Abstract

"Le titre allait de soi pour un éditorial dans une revue comme Le Climatoscope consacrée à la diffusion de la recherche scientifique dans le domaine des changements climatiques. La communauté scientifique est en effet unie dans la science par un large consensus entourant la gravité de cette transformation climatique et par une collaboration exceptionnelle couvrant les multiples aspects de cette problématique. Et elle est également unie pour le climat, dans une démarche consistant à identifier des voies de passage contribuant à limiter ce risque de désastre écologique et humain. Nous avons donc conclu que nous allions écrire cet éditorial sur un ton positif! [...]"

Published
2021

85. The CO2 Human Emissions (CHE) Project: First Steps Towards a European Operational Capacity to Monitor Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions

Author

Balsamo, Gianpaolo, Engelen, Richard, Thiemert, Daniel, Agusti-Panareda, Anna, Bousserez, Nicolas, Broquet, Grégoire, Brunner, Dominik, Buchwitz, Michael, Chevallier, Frédéric, Choulga, Margarita, Denier van der Gon, Hugo, Florentie, Liesbeth, Haussaire, Jean-Matthieu, Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Jones, Matthew, Kaminski, Thomas, Krol, Maarten, Le Quéré, Corinne, Marshall, Julia, Mcnorton, Joe, Prunet, Pascal, Reuter, Maximilian, Peters, Wouter, Scholze, Marko, Balsamo, Gianpaolo, Engelen, Richard, Thiemert, Daniel, Agusti-Panareda, Anna, Bousserez, Nicolas, Broquet, Grégoire, Brunner, Dominik, Buchwitz, Michael, Chevallier, Frédéric, Choulga, Margarita, Denier van der Gon, Hugo, Florentie, Liesbeth, Haussaire, Jean-Matthieu, Janssens-Maenhout, Greet, Jones, Matthew, Kaminski, Thomas, Krol, Maarten, Le Quéré, Corinne, Marshall, Julia, Mcnorton, Joe, Prunet, Pascal, Reuter, Maximilian, Peters, Wouter, and Scholze, Marko

Abstract

The Paris Agreement of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is a binding international treaty signed by 196 nations to limit their greenhouse gas emissions through ever-reducing Nationally Determined Contributions and a system of 5-yearly Global Stocktakes in an Enhanced Transparency Framework. To support this process, the European Commission initiated the design and development of a new Copernicus service element that will use Earth observations mainly to monitor anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The CO2 Human Emissions (CHE) project has been successfully coordinating efforts of its 22 consortium partners, to advance the development of a European CO2 monitoring and verification support (CO2MVS) capacity for anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Several project achievements are presented and discussed here as examples. The CHE project has developed an enhanced capability to produce global, regional and local CO2 simulations, with a focus on the representation of anthropogenic sources. The project has achieved advances towards a CO2 global inversion capability at high resolution to connect atmospheric concentrations to surface emissions. CHE has also demonstrated the use of Earth observations (satellite and ground-based) as well as proxy data for human activity to constrain uncertainties and to enhance the timeliness of CO2 monitoring. High-resolution global simulations (at 9 km) covering the whole of 2015 (labelled CHE nature runs) fed regional and local simulations over Europe (at 5 km and 1 km resolution) and supported the generation of synthetic satellite observations simulating the contribution of a future dedicated Copernicus CO2 Monitoring Mission (CO2M).

Published
2021

90. Preface

Author

Le Quéré, Corinne, primary and Saltzman, Eric S., additional

Published
2009
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95. Global Carbon Budget 2020

Author

Friedlingstein, Pierre, primary, O'Sullivan, Michael, additional, Jones, Matthew W., additional, Andrew, Robbie M., additional, Hauck, Judith, additional, Olsen, Are, additional, Peters, Glen P., additional, Peters, Wouter, additional, Pongratz, Julia, additional, Sitch, Stephen, additional, Le Quéré, Corinne, additional, Canadell, Josep G., additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Jackson, Robert B., additional, Alin, Simone, additional, Aragão, Luiz E. O. C., additional, Arneth, Almut, additional, Arora, Vivek, additional, Bates, Nicholas R., additional, Becker, Meike, additional, Benoit-Cattin, Alice, additional, Bittig, Henry C., additional, Bopp, Laurent, additional, Bultan, Selma, additional, Chandra, Naveen, additional, Chevallier, Frédéric, additional, Chini, Louise P., additional, Evans, Wiley, additional, Florentie, Liesbeth, additional, Forster, Piers M., additional, Gasser, Thomas, additional, Gehlen, Marion, additional, Gilfillan, Dennis, additional, Gkritzalis, Thanos, additional, Gregor, Luke, additional, Gruber, Nicolas, additional, Harris, Ian, additional, Hartung, Kerstin, additional, Haverd, Vanessa, additional, Houghton, Richard A., additional, Ilyina, Tatiana, additional, Jain, Atul K., additional, Joetzjer, Emilie, additional, Kadono, Koji, additional, Kato, Etsushi, additional, Kitidis, Vassilis, additional, Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Lefèvre, Nathalie, additional, Lenton, Andrew, additional, Lienert, Sebastian, additional, Liu, Zhu, additional, Lombardozzi, Danica, additional, Marland, Gregg, additional, Metzl, Nicolas, additional, Munro, David R., additional, Nabel, Julia E. M. S., additional, Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, additional, Niwa, Yosuke, additional, O'Brien, Kevin, additional, Ono, Tsuneo, additional, Palmer, Paul I., additional, Pierrot, Denis, additional, Poulter, Benjamin, additional, Resplandy, Laure, additional, Robertson, Eddy, additional, Rödenbeck, Christian, additional, Schwinger, Jörg, additional, Séférian, Roland, additional, Skjelvan, Ingunn, additional, Smith, Adam J. P., additional, Sutton, Adrienne J., additional, Tanhua, Toste, additional, Tans, Pieter P., additional, Tian, Hanqin, additional, Tilbrook, Bronte, additional, van der Werf, Guido, additional, Vuichard, Nicolas, additional, Walker, Anthony P., additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Watson, Andrew J., additional, Willis, David, additional, Wiltshire, Andrew J., additional, Yuan, Wenping, additional, Yue, Xu, additional, and Zaehle, Sönke, additional

Published
2020
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96. Consistency and Challenges in the Ocean Carbon Sink Estimate for the Global Carbon Budget

Author

Hauck, Judith, primary, Zeising, Moritz, additional, Le Quéré, Corinne, additional, Gruber, Nicolas, additional, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., additional, Bopp, Laurent, additional, Chau, Thi Tuyet Trang, additional, Gürses, Özgür, additional, Ilyina, Tatiana, additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Lenton, Andrew, additional, Resplandy, Laure, additional, Rödenbeck, Christian, additional, Schwinger, Jörg, additional, and Séférian, Roland, additional

Published
2020
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100. Climate Change Increases the Risk of Wildfires: January 2020

Author

Jones, Matthew W., Smith, Adam J. P., Betts, Richard, Canadell, Josep G., Prentice, I. Colin, and Le Quéré, Corinne

Abstract

We undertook a ScienceBrief Review on the link between climate change and wildfire risk. 57 scientific articles were gathered and evaluated using ScienceBrief. This document synthesises the key points that emerged from the findings. Our review focuses on papers published since the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), with its cut-off date of March 2013. The papers can be viewed on sciencebrief.org/topics/climate-change-science/wildfires. All papers show linkages between climate change and increased frequency or severity of fire weather, though some note anomalies in isolated regions. None of the papers support a widespread decrease in fire risk.

Published
2020

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