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By 2040, tire particles (TP) are expected to dominate marine plastic contamination, raising concerns about their effects on marine animals. This study employed a multidisciplinary and multigenerational approach on the Pacific oyster Magallana gigas to investigate the effects of TP and their leachates (LEA). Effects were analyzed at the individual scale, from cellular, molecular, and microbiota changes to reproductive outputs and offspring performance. Microbiota characterization revealed potential dysbiosis in oysters treated with high concentration of both TP and LEA. RNA-seq analyses highlighted the activation of energy metabolism and stress responses in the LEA treatment. Additionally, transcriptional changes in oocytes and the reduction of motile spermatozoa suggested potential effects on gamete quality. Notably, possible oyster resilience was pointed out by the lack of significant ecophysiological modifications in adults and impacts on the growth and reproductive outputs of the offspring. Overall, the implications of the observed oyster resilience under our experimental setting are discussed in relation to available toxicity data and within a comprehensive view of coastal ecosystems, where a higher diversity of plastic/rubber materials and harsher environmental conditions occur. [Display omitted] • Leachate led to energy metabolism alteration and stress response. • LEA and MR led to minor microbiota changes but spread of Tenacibaculum spp. • Low concentrations of tire particles had no effects on adult oyster ecophysiology. • Parental exposure to leachate and tire particles impacted gamete quality. • Parental exposure did not lead to long-term effects on offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of five antibiotics (metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, doxycycline, and chloramphenicol) and four analgesics (diclofenac, ibuprofen, paracetamol, and caffeine) were investigated in water and soil samples from the Sunyani municipality, Ghana. Liquid samples were collected from hospital effluents, sachet drinking water, municipal waterworks, river Tano, and dumpsite leachates, while soil samples were collected from dumpsites and municipal waterworks. All samples were prepared using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and analyzed via an HPLC- PDA method. All antibiotics analyzed, apart from metronidazole, were detected either in soil or water samples. Doxycycline and ciprofloxacin were present in almost all liquid samples. The investigated hospital effluents had antibiotic concentrations of up to 2.93 mg/L for doxycycline and 4.74 mg/L for ciprofloxacin. The highest concentration of any antibiotic found was 8.76 mg/L of amoxicillin in hospital effluents. The maximum concentration of analgesics in liquid samples analyzed was 3.20 mg/L (paracetamol) and 3.00 mg/kg (caffeine) in soil samples. Ecological risk assessment indicated that the pharmaceuticals pose a possible risk to some aquatic organisms. The findings from this study showed the presence of these pharmaceuticals at concentrations that could impact the ecosystem. Consistent monitoring of environmental levels and pursuing the development and implementation of a suitable remediation program is needed.

Large volumes of pelagic Sargassum spp. have stranded periodically on the Mexican Caribbean shoreline. The aim of this research was to study the mobility of metals through the leachates released into the environment during the natural decomposition process of Sargassum spp. Fresh Sargassum samples were placed in cone-bed reactors: under laboratory and local environmental conditions. The leachate generated naturally by decomposition in both conditions was recovered periodically and analyses of pH, volume, and metal content were carried out. Sargassum biomass was monitored by electron microscopy, FT-IR, and CHNS analysis. The Sargassum biomass studied presented a C: N ratio of 24.39, making it a potential raw feedstock for biofuels and other value-added products. Calculations performed on leachate production allowed inferring that each ton of fresh Sargassum that decomposes at a controlled temperature of 27 °C can produce 316 L of leachate. This leachate can contain 5.67 g of As and other potentially toxic metals (e.g., B, Al, Cu). At the end of both experiments, the biomass that was incubated for 30 days presented a C: N ratio of 28.86, so it can still be used as raw material for biofuels; however, the Sargassum biomass that remained 180 days in incubation decreased its C:N ratio at 8.45 at this point, it can be considered a waste. The leachate generated during the natural decomposition process of Sargassum on beaches or disposal sites represents a high risk of contamination of the Yucatan Peninsula water system due to the high content of arsenic and the presence of potentially toxic metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dump site at Mbodo study area is characterized by diverse kinds of waste, from municipal waste to industrial waste, agricultural waste, and solid waste. Hence, this study evaluated the physicochemical characteristics and heavy metals level in groundwater and leachate around solid waste dumpsite at Mbodo, Rivers State, Nigeria using standard methods after sample treatment. The physiochemical results of the underground waters were studied and the results range are pH (4.50-4.77); Total dissolved solid (7.0-8.0); Total hardness (2.40-4.04); Turbidity (0.4); Conductivity (14-17); chloride (4.6-6.0), Nitrate (0.9). The physiochemical parameters are within the world health organization standard except for pH of the waters which indicates low pH (4.48-4.477). The low pH of the underground water could be due to surrounding factors like elemental compositions of the aquifer, the nature of the underground water, reactions of the elemental components in the water, reactions of metals at the subsurface, dissolution of confined CO2 in the underground water. The leachates have average composition of (Cu= 0.015; Mn=5.565; Fe=15.01). The heavy metals in the underground water are within the permissible limit which can be tolerated by human beings as compared with the world health organization standard. The heavy metals concentrations range from (Ca =0.06-0.11; Mg= 0.05-0.2; Mn=0.02-0.03; Fe= 0.033; Ni=0.047) while Cd, Cr and Pb are not significant. The waste dump at Mbodo study area did not have any significant effect on the proxy underground water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an overview of the results of long-term studies of the migration of radionuclides in the composition of lysimetric waters (leachates). It considers peculiarities of lysimeter-based studies at various stages of advancement in radioecology. It is noted that, for a long time, the use of lysimeters was limited to a low level of radionuclides in soil solutions; the studies gained momentum after the Chernobyl deposition (1986). Release of radionuclides to leachates is shown to be the greatest in the forest and coniferous phytocenoses, in particular, and the least in meadows and agrophytocenoses. The intensity of radionuclide migration in the leachates is the maximum during the initial period after atmospheric deposition in the long-term dynamics and during summer in the seasonal dynamics. Gravity flow was assessed in redistribution of radionuclides across the soil profile. The annual flux with vertical subsurface flow varies depending on edaphic and climatic conditions; time elapsed after the deposition; and thickness and depth of the layer. The annual flux ranges from tenths of a percent to a low percentage of the forest floor and from hundredths to tenths of a percent from a 0- to 20-cm layer of the total radionuclide inventory in these layers. The relative flux of 90Sr significantly surpasses that of 137Cs. From 70 to 90% of radionuclides (90Sr, 137Сs, 238Pu, 239+240Pu, and 241Am) are present in soil solution in the form of radionuclide–organic compounds of various molecular weights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastic debris from direct and indirect human activities is considered a major threat to the marine biodiversity mainly due to its abundance, durability, persistence, and ability to accumulate contaminants from the environment. Derelict tubular plastic nets of various colours (blue (BN), yellow (YN), green (GN), pink (PN), and white (WN) net), used to distinguish mussel farming owners, were collected by scuba-dive from the Mar Piccolo of Taranto (Ionian Sea). All nets were made of polypropylene. Investigations looked for potential acute (mortality) and sub-chronic (mortality, larval development and moult release number, and adult percentage after 5–9 days) effects on Tigriopus fulvus nauplii considering both whole plastics (microplastic (MP), 50 mg/L) and leachates (12.5–100%). Acute test determined a median lethal concentration (LC50) only for BN for both MPs (107 mg/L) and leachates (50.1%). The prolonged exposure (5 days) to microplastics did not affect the T. fulvus survival. After 9 days, YN and BN decreased of approximately 100% larval development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pesticide transportation to deeper soil layers can result in groundwater contamination and, consequently, environmental issues. In this research, our objective was to investigate transport efficiency of indoxacaarb using three different soils to understand the leaching potential. The leaching experiments were performed using a 0.01 M calcium chloride solution over five consecutive days. Leachates (water) and soil samples were collected and the residues of indoxacarb were analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The method's accuracy was validated by conducting recovery experiments at levels ranging from 0.01 to 0.1 µg/g. The results showed that 82.67 to 84.00%, 80.67 to 82.70% and 76.68 to 78.70% of the indoxacarb applied was retained in the topsoil layer (0-10 cm) for acid, alkali and neutral soil, respectively. Its low leaching behavior, as evidenced by its retention in the topsoil layer and absence in the leachate, contributes to its limited mobility within the soil profile. The study suggests that indoxacarb has no potential for contaminating groundwater and the soil environment through leaching processes., Competing Interests: Declarations. Disclosure Statement: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s). Competing Interests: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Nanoplastics and microplastics are of growing research interest due to their persistence in the environment and potential harm to organisms through physical damage, such as abrasions or blockages, and chemical harm from leached additives and contaminants. Despite extensive research, a clear distinction between the physical and chemical toxicity of plastic particles has been lacking. This study addresses this gap by reviewing studies examining both toxicity types, focusing on environmentally relevant leachates. The chemicals used in plastics manufacturing, which number over 16,000, include additives, processing aids, and monomers, many of which pose potential hazards due to their toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation. Studies typically use extraction or leaching methods to assess chemical toxicity, with leaching more closely mimicking environmental conditions. Factors influencing leaching include plastic type, particle size, and environmental conditions. A systematic literature search identified 35 relevant studies that assessed the toxicity of plastic particle suspensions and their leachates. Analysis revealed that, in 52 % of the cases, both the suspension and leachate had toxic effects, while in 35 % of the cases, toxicity was attributed to the suspension alone. At 13 %, only the leachate was toxic. This suggests that leachates contribute significantly to overall toxicity. However, the results vary widely depending on the experimental conditions and plastic type, highlighting the complexity of microplastic toxicity. The preparation methods used for leachates significantly influence toxicity results. Factors such as leaching time, particle size, and separation techniques affect the concentration and presence of toxic chemicals. Additionally, washed particles-those subjected to procedures for removing leachable chemicals-often showed reduced toxicity, although the results varied. This underscores the need for standardized methods to compare studies better and understand the relative contributions of physical and chemical toxicity to microplastic pollution., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Discarded cigarette waste may leach toxic elements and can contaminate different environments. In this study, the levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in cigarette butts (CBs) leachates were determined, and the release rate of these pollutants from three CBs types such as smoked CBs with and without tobacco (SCBs and SFs) and unsmoked filters (USFs) were examined. The mean concentration levels of PCBs compounds were -6 -1 × 10 -4  ng/L. Notwithstanding the insignificant TEQ values in CBs leachates, continuous discharge and the toxicities of the PCBs in the aquatic environments could have harmfully impacts on the water boddies and/or human health. Globally, considering all the littered CBs and their chemical contents, further efforts are needed to investigate address, and mitigate this type of contamination., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

In the present study, the characteristics of physico-chemical parameters of surface water at Zerizer city in Algéria, around the landfill site was investigated to evaluate the effect of landfill leachate migration on surface water. To highlight this objective, the sampling points were collected at different distances from the landfill site, located along the watercourse during two periods (high and low water) at the year 2019. The collected water samples were subjected to physico-chemical analysis (Ph, CE, TDS, OD, BOD5, COD, NO3, NO2, NH4) and heavy metals (Fe Pb Mn Zn Cr Cu), according to internationally accepted procedures and standard methods. The results of this study were compared with Algeria standards and World Health Organization guidelines. The results obtained from the physico-chemical analysis revealed that water samples are characterized by high concentration of EC(7470 μS/cm), TDS (3280 mg/l),BOD5 (53.4mg/l),COD (250.7 mg/l),NO3 (147 mg/l), PB (0.581 mg/l), Mn (3.1 mg/l), Cr (0.57 mg/l ) and Fe (3.3 mg/l) was obtained at the sampling point near to the landfill site (Z1). This concentration of measured and analyzed parameters decreases with increasing distance from the landfill. Furthermore, the values have exceeded the specified standards which indicated that the water quality has been significantly affected by leachate percolation. So, there is an urgent need to adopt certain measures at the landfill site for the protection of environmental quality around Zirezer landfill site.

The dump site at Mbodo study area is characterized by diverse kinds of waste, from municipal waste to industrial waste, agricultural waste, and solid waste. Hence, this study evaluated the physicochemical characteristics and heavy metals level in groundwater and leachate around solid waste dumpsite at Mbodo, Rivers State, Nigeria using standard methods after sample treatment. The physiochemical results of the underground waters were studied and the results range are pH (4.50-4.77); Total dissolved solid (7.0-8.0); Total hardness (2.40-4.04); Turbidity (0.4); Conductivity (14-17); chloride (4.6- 6.0), Nitrate (0.9). The physiochemical parameters are within the world health organization standard except for pH of the waters which indicates low pH (4.48-4.477). The low pH of the underground water could be due to surrounding factors like elemental compositions of the aquifer, the nature of the underground water, reactions of the elemental components in the water, reactions of metals at the subsurface, dissolution of confined CO2 in the underground water. The leachates have average composition of (Cu= 0.015; Mn=5.565; Fe=15.01). The heavy metals in the underground water are within the permissible limit which can be tolerated by human beings as compared with the world health organization standard. The heavy metals concentrations range from (Ca =0.06-0.11; Mg= 0.05-0.2; Mn=0.02-0.03; Fe= 0.033; Ni=0.047) while Cd, Cr and Pb are not significant. The waste dump at Mbodo study area did not have any significant effect on the proxy underground water.

The concentrations of heavy metals and health risks associated with the consumption of domestic water sources around a dumpsite in Enugu (southeastern Nigeria) were assessed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and multivariate analysis. The results showed the dumpsite leachate mean pH value of 4.1, Mn+ of 11.4 µg/l, Fe3+ 4.1 µg/l, Cd+ 0.3, As+ 6.03 µg/l, Pb+ 2.47 µg/l, Ni+ 14.13 µg/l, and Cr3+ 1.48. The groundwater and surface water samples had mean heavy metal values as follows: Mn+ 5.23 and 0.75 µg/l, Fe3+ 1.49 and 0.15 µg/l, Cd+ 0.08 and 0.10 µg/l, As+ 1.90 and 0.15 µg/l, Pb+ 1.01 and 0.35 µg/l, Ni+ 0.37 and 0.05 µg/l, and Cr3+ 0.03 and 0.05 µg/l, respectively. Comparison with maximum permissible limits indicated that the mean heavy metal concentrations of the tested samples were lower than the limits for drinking water, except for Mn+, As+, and Pb + , which were marginal above recommended limits. Principal component analysis results showed two principal components with the first principal component having high loadings of Mn+, Fe3+, As+, Pb+, Ni+, and Cr3+, which are statistically correlated. Probable sources of these contaminants include automobile parts and tools, batteries and electrical appliances and electronics heaped at the dumpsite. Analysis of variance results indicates a significant difference in datasets between and within each and both water sources. Human health risk assessment indices indicated that the water sources are moderate to highly polluted and could pose both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic threats when consumed untreated, with children being more exposed than adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Alien Acacia melanoxylon germination is not inhibited by leachates of itself or a common Afrotemperate Forest overstorey species. • Acacia melanoxylon showed high viability (90%) and an average germination rate of 67%. • The insensitivity of Acacia melanoxylon to allelopathic leachates likely facilitates it establishment in Southern Cape Afrotemperate Forest. The invasive alien tree species Acacia melanoxylon R. Br has been known to invade some forest ecosystems in Europe through allelopathy (amongst other mechanisms) which allows a competitive advantage over indigenous species. Acacia melanoxylon is widespread in Southern Cape Afrotemperate Forest, South Africa, and may establish successfully in these forests in certain contexts. In a nursery trial we compared the allelopathic potential of phyllode or leaf leachates of Acacia melanoxylon and a common overstorey indigenous species, Olea capensis L. macrocarpa C.H. Wright on the germination of seeds of Acacia melanoxylon. We compared the germination of Acacia melanoxylon seeds among three treatments, namely Acacia melanoxylon leachate, Olea capensis macrocarpa leachate, and no leachate. Stain-testing of seeds showed high viability (90%). The average germination of Acacia melanoxylon was 67% and there was a marginally significant difference in the number of germinants between the three treatments (H= 6.16; df= 2; P = 0.04). Pairwise multiple comparisons of ranks revealed that germination was marginally higher under Acacia melanoxylon leachate treatment than the control (Z = 1.97; df = 2; P = 0.14), and marginally higher under Olea capensis macrocarpa leachate than the control (Z = 0.12; df = 2; P = 0.12). This suggests that germination of Acacia melanoxylon is improved, or at the least, unaffected, by allelopathic substances of itself or of a common Afrotemperate Forest overstorey species. We concluded that the lack of sensitivity of Acacia melanoxylon germination to allelopathic substances of itself or a common indigenous overstorey species likely contribute to its successful establishment in Southern Cape Afrotemperate Forest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is currently a dearth of information on the determination, occurrence and ecotoxicological risk of antibiotics in dumpsite leachates and hospital wastewater in Africa. A quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) protocol which combines extraction and clean-up in one step was optimized for the determination of antibiotics sulfadoxine, sulfamethazine and trimethoprim in dumpsite leachates and hospital wastewater. The occurrence and ecotoxicological risk of target antibiotics were investigated in wastewater from two hospitals, effluent receiving water and leachates from three dumpsites in Ibadan, Nigeria. Recoveries in hospital wastewater ranged from 53 to 116% while recoveries ranged from 50 to 89% in leachates. Method limits of quantification ranged from 0.7 to 12.1 µg L−1 in hospital wastewater and from 6.2 to 38.8 µg L−1 in leachates. Intra-day precisions (% RSD) were ≤ 21%. High concentrations of target antibiotics were measured: up to 475 µg L−1 for sulfamethazine in leachates, 118 µg L−1 for trimethoprim in hospital wastewater and 117 µg L−1 for sulfadoxine in effluent receiving water. Sulfadoxine presented high risk to algae, daphnid and fish in hospital wastewater, effluent receiving water and leachates. This work highlights the need for adequate and sound management of wastes containing pharmaceuticals in Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil polluted from Pb-acid batteries effluents (SPB) reduces the therapeutic potentials of Moringa oleifera, contaminates groundwater and surrounding soils via Pb transference. Amending SPB with P-loaded jujube twigs biochar (P-TB) can overcome these problems. Moreover, chitosan spray (CHs) on moringa, growing on SPB, can further biostimulate the production of essential phytochemicals and improve its anti-proliferative effects on human liver cancer cells (HePG2). In this pot experiment, moringa was grown on SPB (Pb = 639 mg kg–1) having control, CHs, TB, P-TB, TB+CHs, and P-TB+CHs treatments. Treatments effects on plant growth, Pb distribution in moringa leaf extract (MLE), shoots and roots, the status of plant phytochemicals and antioxidants, and concentrations of Pb and P in leachates were evaluated. Lastly, MLE was initially tested for its feasibility for human consumption through HEK 293 assay and later its antiproliferative efficacy on HePG2. Among all treatments, the P-TB+CHs exhibited the most significant results in compare to control. The P-TB+CHs resulted in the highest reduction of Pb concentrations in shoots, roots, and MLE by 79%, 70%, and 52%, whereas improved plant growth, phytochemicals, and antioxidants status. Interestingly, MLE at P-TB+CHs had Pb concentrations (3.27 mg L−1) below the critical limit [5 mg kg−1, WHO/FAO, 2007], was safer for consumption (HEK 293 cells viability = 133.6%), and depicted the least proliferation of HepG2 cells (35.8%). In leachates of P-TB+CHs, the concentrations of Pb (5.26 μg L−1) and P (0.021 mg L−1) were below the permissible limits for drinking water and preventing eutrophication, respectively. The lowest concentrations of Pb in MLE, plant parts, and leachates in P-TB+CHs were due to the formation of insoluble Pb-P compounds after Pb reacted with P present in P-TB and released P from P-TB. Hence, P-TB+CHs can remediate SPB, prevent groundwater contamination, avoid eutrophication, and boost the anti-cancer potential of moringa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study embodies the results of investigations on allelopathic effects of Corchorus tridens L. on Pearl millet. For this purpose, soil samples and plant material were collected from crop fields near Dayanand College, Ramganj, Ajmer. Topographically, Ajmer is characterized by Aravali ranges of varying heights, rocky terrains, valleys, ponds and lakes on one hand, and sandy plains and stabilized dunes on the other. The analyses of physical and mineral properties of weed stand soil and soil of adjacent area revealed that soil moisture percentage was higher in samples collected from depth, whereas soil conductivity and N, P, K content were found to be higher in surface soil samples. The value of pH indicates slightly alkaline nature of the soil. The data obtained from weed stand soil and adjacent area soil also revealed that there were non-significant differences in both physical and mineral properties of the soil due to the presence of C.tridens L. The extracts from C.tridens L. stand soil samples were found to be more inhibiting than adjacent area soil samples which implied that some allelopathic chemical leached out from the roots of C. tridens L. into the soil. The aqueous leachates of C. tridens L. leaves showed maximum inhibition followed by roots and stem. The inhibitory effect of leachates increased with increase in their concentration. The methanolic extracts of different plant parts of C. tridens L. showed complete inhibition of germination of Pearl millet in comparison to petroleum ether and chloroform extracts. The leaf extract was found to be more inhibiting than root and stem extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Municipal solid waste landfills leachate can cause serious environmental issues for groundwater quality. Therefore, the application of environmental tracing methods to identify groundwater contamination by municipal solid waste landfills leachate is significant. Hydrogeochemical evaluations to trace municipal solid waste landfills leachate are usually carried out. The study was carried out at a landfill in central Italy (Umbria). Samples of leachate and groundwater have been analyzed to evaluate the impact of leachates on groundwater through the comparison of their hydrogeochemical nature. Parameters like pH, Temperature (T), Electrical Conductivity (EC), redox potential (Eh) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were also measured in situ using digital instruments. Hydrogeochemical data (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, SO42-, HCO3-,Cl-, NO3-), ionic ratios and geochemical correlations were used to confirm the processes that govern the chemistry of the spring water and to identify leachate contamination phenomena. In fact, the main geochemical diagrams (Langelier-Ludwig, Piper, Schoeller) confirm the leachate contamination in a groundwater sample. In particular, the Piper diagram shows that a sample is in Na+ - Cl- - HCO3 - mixing zone, indicating a possible influence of the leachate on groundwater chemistry. As a matter of fact, some correlations between major elements, such as Cl- versus Na+ and Cl- versus HCO3 -, confirm that the leachate in this study area is highly enriched in Cl- and HCO3- due to wastes dissolution and degradation processes. Further, the assessment of K+/Mg2+ ratio also confirms the presence of a sample heavily impacted from leachate contamination. These results indicate that also one basic hydrogeochemical study can be useful for fingerprinting the leachate pollution for groundwater samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study deals with the possible pre-treatment of municipal solid wastes (MSW) in anaerobic conditions and their co-disposal with bottom ash. In this objective, the effect of the addition of bottom ash on organic matter degradation was checked using different analyses. The obtained results showed a great reduction of organic matter in the presence of bottom ash (53% of a solid fraction is degraded instead of 18% for the control after 26 days of degradation). Consequently, methane production was more important for the leachate from a bioreactor mixed with the bottom ash, which reached 70.10 L/Kg in comparison with 50L/Kg for leachate from the control. The characterization of leachates by molecular tools revealed that the microorganisms responsible for organic matter degradation in anaerobic conditions belong to the Methanosarscina genera, and the methanogenesis reaction was acetate-dependent methanogenesis. To better understand the role of bottom ash in the acceleration of methanogenesis, molecular tools were used to identify the microorganisms in the bottom ash leachate after a leaching test. The obtained results showed the absence of microorganisms in the bottom ash leachate. The quantification by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) of dissolved iron, nickel, and cobalt in the bottom ash leachate after the leaching test, showed that the amounts of these metals were 57.30, 0.035, and 0.006mM, respectively. Moreover, the quantification of iron, nickel, and cobalt in leachates from the bioreactor mixed with bottom ash and from the control showed that these amounts reached 94.78mM, 0.49mM, and 0.01mM after 26 days of degradation, and 99.40mM, 0.08mM, and 0.009mM, respectively, after 138 days of degradation. Consequently, it can be suggested that bottom ash must be co-landfilled with municipal solid wastes at 9% as a suitable strategy, which will provide a more rapid chemical and microbiological stabilization of the municipal solid waste in landfills.

Petroleum-based polymers traditionally used for plastic packaging production have been shown to leach dangerous chemicals such as bisphenol-A (BPA). Bio-based polymers are potentially safer alternatives, and many can be sustainably sourced from waste streams in the food industry. This study assesses bio-based polymers undergoing food packaging development for migration of endocrine disrupting leachates at the level of estrogen, androgen and progestagen nuclear receptor transcriptional activity. Reporter gene assays were coupled with migration testing, performed using standardised test conditions for storage and temperature. Test samples include nine bio-based polymers and four inorganic waste additives mixed with a traditional petroleum-based polymer, polypropylene. Thermoplastic starch material, polybutylene succinate, polycaprolactone, polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), two polylactic acid (PLA)/PBAT blends, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and eggshell/polypropylene (10:90) presented no significant reduction in metabolic activity or hormonal activity under any test condition. Polypropylene (PP) presented no hormonal activity. Metabolic activity was reduced in the estrogen responsive cell line after 10 days migration testing of eggshell/polypropylene (0.1:99.9) in MeOH at 40°C, and PP in MeOH and dH20. Estrogenic agonist activity was observed after 10 days in poultry litter ash/polypropylene (10:90) in MeOH at 20°C and 40°C, poultry feather based polymer in MeOH and dH2O at 40°C, and eggshell/polypropylene (40:60) and PLA in dH2O at 40°C. Activity was within a range of 0.26–0.50 ng 17β-estradiol equivalents per ml, equating to an estrogenic potency of 3–∼2800 times less than the estrogenic leachate BPA. Poultry litter ash/polypropylene (10:90) in MeOH for 10 days presented estrogenic activity at 20°C and 40°C within the above range and anti-androgenic activity at 40°C. Progestagenic activity was not observed for any of the compounds under any test condition. Interestingly, lower concentrations of eggshell or PP may eliminate eggshell estrogenicity and PP toxicity. Alternatively eggshell may bind and eliminate the toxic elements of PP. Similarly, PLA estrogenic activity was removed in both PLA/PBAT blends. This study demonstrates the benefits of bioassay guidance in the development of safer and sustainable packaging alternatives to petroleum-based plastics. Manipulating the types of additives and their formulations alongside toxicological testing may further improve safety aspects.

Leachate reuse is a helpful tool that contributes to the sustainability of agricultural systems, but it requires previous disinfection. Hydrogen peroxide can be found among the disinfectants frequently applied in ecological production systems. Moreover, it can improve the oxygenation of the root system. The objective of this work was to study its effect on C. fruticosa plants fertigated with leachates. A split-plot design with six treatments, three without an H2O2 supply (S0) and three with an H2O2 supply dosage at 2% (SH2O2), was arranged: raw leachate from C. lanatus (L100), raw leachate from C. lanatus diluted with tap water until EC of 2.5 dS m−1 (LWD), and raw leachate from C. lanatus diluted with standard nutrient solution until EC of 2.5 dS m−1 (LNSD). The results produced data about the evolution of the nutrient and leachate solutions throughout the cultivation period. Morphological (height, leaf number, leaf area, total fresh weight, relative water status, and dry weight) and physiological (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, chlorophyll a+b, and proline) parameters were studied to reveal the plant response. The efficiency of nutrient utilization was higher with the LWD treatment, and water and nitrogen utilization efficiency decreased under the H2O2 supply. In conclusion, the reuse of diluted leachate is advised for nutritionally undemanding crops, such as C. fruticosa; moreover, the H2O2 supply improved tolerance to salinity and enhanced root growth and Red-Green-Blue (RGB) values.

Plastic pollution continuously accumulates in the environment and poses a global threat as it fragments into microplastics and nanoplastics that can harm ecosystems. To reduce the accumulation of microplastic and nanoplastic pollution, bioplastics made from biodegradable materials are promoted as a more sustainable alternative because it can degrade faster than plastics. However, plastics also leach out chemicals as they degrade and disintegrate, but the potential toxicity of these chemicals leaching out from plastics and especially bioplastics is poorly explored. Here, we determined the composition of leachates from plastics and bioplastics and tested their toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. LC-MS analysis of the leachates revealed that bioplastics leached a wider array of chemicals than their counterpart plastics. Toxicity testing in our study showed that the leachates from plastics and bioplastics reduced lifespan, decreased locomotion, and induced neurotoxicity in C. elegans. Leachates from bioplastics reduced C. elegans lifespan more compared to leachates from plastics: by 7%–31% for bioplastics and by 6%–15% for plastics. Leachates from plastics decreased locomotion in C. elegans more compared to leachates from bioplastics: by 8%–34% for plastics and by 11%–24% for bioplastics. No changes were observed in the ability of the C. elegans to respond to mechanical stimuli. The leachates induced neurotoxicity in the following neurons at varying trends: cholinergic neurons by 0%–53% for plastics and by 30%–42% for bioplastics, GABAergic neurons by 3%–29% for plastics and by 10%–23% for bioplastics, and glutamatergic neurons by 3%–11% for plastics and by 15%–29% for bioplastics. Overall, our study demonstrated that chemicals leaching out from plastics and bioplastics can be toxic, suggesting that both plastics and bioplastics pose ecotoxicological and human health risks. [Display omitted] • Bioplastics generally leached a wider array of chemicals than plastics. • Leachates from both plastics and bioplastics demonstrated toxicity in C. elegans. • The leachates reduced lifespan and decreased locomotion. • The leachates were toxic to cholinergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic neurons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reuse of leachates by recycling them for composting is part of the circular economy. However, directly returning compost leachates to the mixture might increase the concentration of contaminants in the stabilized mass. The application of the ultrasonic modification of leachate was aimed at increasing the activity of microorganisms and the availability of nutrients, and reducing the number of pathogenic species. The purpose of the work was to determine the impact of variable ultrasonic (time and amplitude) field parameters on the biochemical properties, and number of selected groups of microorganisms, of leachates from a composting process. The tests used short sonication times of 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 s and vibration amplitudes of 15.25, 30.5, and 46 µm. The assessment was made on the basis of changes in numbers of microbial communities (mesophilic, thermophilic, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and fungi) and enzymatic activity (dehydrogenases-DHA), as well as respiratory activity (AR). Based on the conducted research, it was found that the leachate sonication time of 60 s and amplitude 30.5 µm were the most effective. The above parameters were considered borderline, above which there were no significant differences in the values of the analyzed indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The leachate from the landfill of the city of Guercif (Morocco) is considered to be a major source of pollution. The present study is aimed to carry out physico-chemical analyses following Rodier's methodology in order to determine the degree of pollution of leachate from this landfill on the water table of Tafrata, the soil, and the Moulouya River. Six sampling stations in the province of Guercif were selected for the study. The method of Rodier, which distinguishes between in situ measurements and laboratory analyses, was used for the physicochemical analyses. The results revealed chemical pollution of the leachates with a BOD5 of 860 mg O2/L, a COD: 86678.19 mg O2/L, a NO2: 5.086 mg/L, a NO3-: 61.07 mg/L, and an NH4+: 30.953 mg/L. However, Moulouya river water had a BOD5: 150 mg O2/L, a COD: 168.51 mg O2/L, NO2-: 0.660 mg/L, NO3-: 31.27 mg/L and NH4 + of 0.45 mg/L. The Tafrata water table presented at the level of P1 (BOD5: 45 mg O2/l, COD: 131.97 mg O2/L, NO2-: 0.126 mg/L, NO3-: 25.6 mg/L, NH4+: 0.52 mg/L), and the landfill soil after leachate percolation had S1 (Al: 1 mg/L, Cd: 1 mg/L, Co: 1 mg/L, Cr: 3.4 mg/L and Pb: 2.9 mg/L) and S2 (Al: 383 mg/L, Cd: 1 mg/L, Co: 1 mg/L, Cr: 3.3 mg/L, Pb: 1 mg/L). The conclusion indicates that the landfill has negative impacts on groundwater, river Moulouya water and soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is a cost-effective point of use method for disinfecting water, usually in a 2 L polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottle. To increase the volume of water disinfected, three novel transparent reactors were developed using PET in 25 L transparent jerrycans, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) in tubular solar reactors capable of delivering >20 L of water and polypropylene (PP) in 20 L buckets. In vitro bioassays were used to investigate any toxic substances leached from the plastic reactors into disinfected water as a result of exposure to sunshine for up to 9 months. The Ames test was used to test for mutagenicity and the E-screen bioassay to test for estrogenicity. No mutagenicity was detected in any sample and no estrogenicity was found in the SODIS treated water produced by the PMMA reactors or the PP buckets. While water disinfected using the PET reactors showed no estrogenicity following exposure to the sun for 3 and 6 months, estrogenicity was detected following 9 months' exposure to sunlight; however levels detected were within the acceptable daily intake for 17β-estradiol (E2) of up to 50 ng/kg body weight/day. HIGHLIGHTS No mutagenicity or estrogenicity was detected in water from novel PMMA and PP SODIS reactors continuously exposed to sunshine for nine months.; The E-screen bioassay was used for the first time to test for estrogenicity in the SODIS process.; Water from 2 L and 25 L PET SODIS reactors showed no mutagenicity. Levels of estrogenicity detected were within acceptable limits.;

Stabilization and solidification mixtures of contaminated material with 60% weathered, oily crust, and 40% sediment were made, and acute toxicity (Vibrio fischeri bioassay), hydrocarbons in leachates, and resistance to compression were determined. For stabilized materials, the hydrocarbon concentration expected in base soil (underneath stabilization cells) was calculated from hydrocarbon concentrations in laboratory leachates using a modified test that better simulates real site conditions (acid extraction of complete formed blocks). In the modified tests, an asymptotic behavior in the hydrocarbon concentration in leachates was observed, nearing a maximum after 15 days. The calculated hydrocarbon concentration in base soil was < 3000 mg/Kg in all concentrations of agglomerate and pozzolan used (3.75–15% CaO, 1.25–5.0% diatomaceous earth). Acute toxicity was null or indeterminate with respect to background levels. For solidified materials, in two of the treatments (3.75 and 7.5% CaO, 1.25 and 3.75% diatomaceous earth; plus gravelly backfill at 1:1), unconfined resistance to compression was sufficient for the material to be used as sub-base for rural roads (> 17.6 ton/m2), but with higher concentrations of reagents (15% CaO, 5% diatomaceous earth; plus gravelly backfill at 1:1), the resistance was insufficient. In all solidification treatments, no toxicity above background was encountered, and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in leachate tests resulted in calculated hydrocarbon concentrations in base soil of < 3000 mg/Kg. From these data, it was concluded that stabilization and solidification were feasible for this site using low concentrations of reagents, and that it was not necessary to use a plastic liner to prevent subsoil contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastics undergo successive fragmentation and chemical leaching steps in the environment due to weathering processes such as photo-oxidation. Here, we report the effects of leachates from UV-irradiated microplastics towards the chlorophyte Scenedesmus vacuolatus. The microplastics tested were derived from an additive-containing electronic waste (EW) and a computer keyboard (KB) as well as commercial virgin polymers with low additive content, including polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS). Whereas leachates from additive-containing EW and KB induced severe effects, the leachates from virgin PET, PP, and PS did not show substantial adverse effects in our autotrophic test system. Leachates from PE reduced algae biomass, cell growth, and photosynthetic activity. Experimental data were consistent with predicted effect concentrations based on the ionization-corrected liposome/water distribution ratios (Dlip/w) of polymer degradation products of PE (mono- and dicarboxylic acids), indicating that leachates from weathering PE were mainly baseline toxic. This study provides insight into algae toxicity elicited by leachates from UV-weathered microplastics of different origin, complementing the current particle- vs. chemical-focused research towards the toxicity of plastics and their leachates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Polonorum: Architectura is the property of Wydawnictwo SGGW and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The precipitation of sparingly soluble calcium phosphate in calcareous soils decreases the bioavailability of macronutrients, which makes their addition by way of fertilisers necessary. Sludge resulting from treating urban wastewater does not only provide significant amounts of phosphorus, but also helps lower the pH, thus increasing its bioavailability. The loss of part of soil nutrients due to irrigation or rain can contaminate groundwater. In order to assess the movement of phosphorus, a experiment was conducted on percolation columns, to which different doses of wastes were applied. The pH decreased by as much as 0.89 units, as well as the assimilable and soluble P, in intervals of 20 cm of depth, obtaining maximum values of 254 mg P kg−1 and 1455 μg P kg−1 respectively, and the P present in the leached water collected, which did not surpass 95 μg PL−1. The intent was to learn which was the majoritarian inorganic formed crystalline phase that immobilised the movement of phosphorus through the percolation column. The results obtained by the diffraction of X-rays are not conclusive, although they point to the formation of octacalcium phosphate. The diffractograms of the studied samples have similar diffraction lines to those of apatites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An Environmental Risk Assessment is an efficient technical and analytical method for analyzing environmental impacts and it supports the decision-making process connected with projects variants by using historical data collection, identification of regional risk sources, probability and impact estimation of signal risk type. In this article, an Environmental Risk Assessment was performed for groundwater quality in the region of municipal landfills in Tychy-Urbanowice (Southern Poland) to assess the impact of various factors on the quality of groundwater in the region. The assessment used qualitative and quantitative risk analysis methods, including cause and consequence analysis, completion of an effect/probability matrix and utilization of the SWOT analysis method. The results of the assessment indicate that use of the SWOT analysis was the best method for groundwater risk assessment in the examined area. The analysis included an assessment of the spatial and temporal variability of leachate and groundwater quality (using data from a groundwater monitoring system), simulation of the longevity of both the top and bottom security system, spatial planning and an assessment of the impact of other parameters on groundwater, terrain and climatic conditions. The overall result for this analysis for the likely potential groundwater hazard was a score of -4. For the purposes of further risk analyses, it is possible to consider additional factors that are likely to affect the water quality of the area under investigation or to use other methods that will be based on a time series analysis.

The potential of the most prevalent weeds should be characterized biologically and chemically in infected soil and crops for sustainable agriculture. Therefore, the allelopathic potential of Avena fatua L. and Lolium temulentum L. weeds were compared via leachates, root exudates, decayed residues in soil, and the decomposition in water pathways. Chemical measurements were taken on wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), and soil decomposed solution. Based on EC 50 , the allelopathic effect of leachates were higher in aboveground parts than in subterranean parts, influenced by plant parts and concentrations. The root exudates show EC 50 by 655.9 μg. ml -1 for A. fatua and 625.66 μg. ml -1 for L. temulentum in the seedling biomass fresh weights of T. aestivum . The systematic inhibition by decayed residues was affected by plant types, concentration, and time and correlated with soil parameters and crop performance. The decomposition rate was higher under aerobic conditions than anaerobic conditions, with the inhibition pattern showing the reverse trend. These finding highlight the importance of environmental conditions in mediating allelopathic effects. The highest quantities of phenolic acids determined by LC-ES/MS in decomposed solutions were citric acid, with concentrations of 7.71 and 13.31 μg/ml in A. fatua under aerobic conditions, and coumaric acid, with concentrations of 9.21 and 16.99 μg/ml in L. temulentum under aerobic conditions. The allelopathic potentials of A. fatua and L. temulentum may play a crucial role in T. aestivum crop growth and soil parameters. In general weed residues can suppress crop growth and negatively affect soil parameters based on their quantity and type, therefore they should be managed carefully for sustainable crop production., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

The energy efficiency of the hafnium carbide and tantalum carbide membranes (electrolyte) deposited through the PVD technique was determined from the systems simulation under operating conditions of parallel plates connected in series. Bipolar plates are used for two purposes: to conduct electrical current between the cells, and the other is to distribute hydrogen and oxygen. Thus, bipolar plates are used for two functions: one is to conduct electrical current between the cells, and the other is to distribute hydrogen and oxygen. We have developed two bipolar plate patterns, which include serpentine patterns and the bio-inspired flow field pattern. The coatings (serpentine) characterization was carried out using surface characterization techniques such as atomic force microscopy and structural identification by X-ray diffraction, allowing the analysis of the coating structure to determine the efficiency of carbide-based cathodes for hydrogen production from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cameroon Academy of Sciences Journal is the property of Cameroon Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Total and leached Arsenic, Mercury and Antimony were determined in the topsoils developed on the mining waste dumping area of Le Lame (Mt. Amiata, central Italy) where the post-processing Hg-rich ore deposits from the mining area of Abbadia San Salvatore were stored. The concentrations of As, Hg and Sb were up to 610, 1910 and 1610 mg kg−1, respectively, while those in the leachates (carried out with CO2-saturated MilliQ water to simulate the meteoric water conditions) were up to 102, 7 and 661 μg·L−1, respectively. Most aqueous solutions were characterized by Hg content <0.1 μg·L−1. This is likely suggesting that the mine wastes (locally named "rosticci") were possibly resulting from an efficient roasting process that favored either the removal or inertization of Hg operated by the Gould furnaces and located in the southern sector of Le Lame. The highest values of total and leachate mercury were indeed mostly found in the northern portion where the "rosticci", derived by the less efficient and older Spirek-Cermak furnaces, was accumulated. The saturation index was positive for the great majority of leachate samples in Fe-oxy-hydroxides, e.g., ferrihydrite, hematite, magnetite, goethite, and Al-hydroxides (boehmite and gibbsite). On the other hand, As- and Hg-compounds were shown to be systematically undersaturated, whereas oversaturation in tripuhyte (FeSbO4) and romeite (Ca2Sb2O7) was evidenced. The Eh-pH diagrams for the three chalcophile elements were also constructed and computed and updated according to the recent literature data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out in the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Ekiti State. Investigation was carried out on the effects of Fresh Shoot Biomass of Chromolaena odorata on okra Abelmoschus esculentus. For the laboratory experiment, about 5g, 10g, 15g and 20g each of Chromolaena odorata was weighed into plastic bottles each containing 250ml of distilled water for 24 hours. Two millilitres of the leachate was used to water the seeds of okra that was placed in Petri dishes. Each treatment had five replicates that contained four seeds of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). For the screening experiment, loamy top soil, fresh shoot, stems and leaves of Chromolaena odorata were collected within Federal University Oye Ekiti environment and crushed into smaller bits using mortar and pestle. Three seeds, each of okra that was planted in all the pots. The growth variables considered include radicle length, plumule length, number of roots, for the green house experiment the plant height, leaf area, stem girth, and pod weight were also observed. The leachate of Chromolaena odorata resulted to a reduction in radicle length, plumule length and number of roots. The radicle length of okra treated with leachates of 15g/250ml were adversely affected, while the plumule length of 5g/250ml, 15g/250ml and 20g/250ml greatly decreased compared to the control. The highest decrease in number of roots was noticed in the 15g/250ml concentration. The control plant had the highest plant height increased in a concentration dependent manner with exception of those treated with 200g, the leaf area of the control plant was observed to be lower than all the treatment plants, but it increased in a concentration dependent manner. Also, there was a concentration dependent increase in the steam girth of A. esculentus. The pod weight of the treated plants were lower than the control. The plant treated with 50g highest moisture content, the fat content was higher in the control and plant treated with 50g than the other treated plant. The protein content of the treatment plants was observed to be significantly higher when compared to the control plant. Crude fiber content of the treatment plant was significantly higher than the treatment plants. The ash content of the control was significantly lower than the treated plants, the carbohydrate content of the control plant increased significantly compared to the treatment plant with the lowest at 150g treated plant. The study concluded that the leachate and FSB affected the seed germination, growth and the food content of Abelmoschus esculentus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead belongs to trace elements strongly degrading the natural environment. One of the elements of the environment that can be polluted is water, which plays a special role in the movement of elements. Water quality is of great importance for the proper functioning of the environment, which is why water requires protection against pollution of elements. Taking appropriate actions to protect the aquatic environment requires the determination of the element’s content in plants, soil as well as in waters so that it can be predicted to pass to other elements of the trophic chain. The aim of the research was to determine the impact of anthropogenization of the natural environment on the content of lead in grasses, soil and in leachates. The basis of the research was a pot experiment, which was carried out in four groups of vases containing soils with growing cadmium pollution. The plant used for the research was the quackgrass (Elymus repens). During the experiment, three swaths were collected in which the lead content was measured. The highest content of this element was determined in the vegetation samples from the control combination. The presence of trace elements in soils may affect their concentration in water, therefore, after the end of the pot experiment, samples of leachate were taken to investigate whether increasing amounts of cadmium in the soil can affect the content of lead in the effluents. It was noted that the leachate from the control group and group I, contaminated with cadmium to the smallest extent, was characterized by a higher concentration of lead than in other groups of the experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the characteristics of physico-chemical parameters of surface water at Zerizer city in Algeria, around the landfill site was investigated to evaluate the effect of landfill leachate migration on surface water. To highlight this objective, the sampling points were collected at different distances from the landfill site, located along the watercourse during two periods (high and low water) at the year 2019. The collected water samples were subjected to physicochemical analysis (Ph, CE, TDS, OD, BOD5, COD, NO3, NO2, NH4) and heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Mn, Zn, Cr, Cu), according to internationally accepted procedures and standard methods. The results of this study were compared with Algeria standards and World Health Organization guidelines. The results obtained from the physicochemical analysis revealed that water samples are characterized by high concentration of EC (7470 µS/cm), TDS (3280 mg/l), BOD5 (53.4mg/l), COD (250.7 mg/l), NO3 (147 mg/l), Pb (0.581 mg/l), Mn (3.1 mg/l), Cr (0.57 mg/l) and Fe (3.3 mg/l) was obtained at the sampling point near to the landfill site (Z1). This concentration of measured and analyzed parameters decreases with increasing distance from the landfill. Furthermore, the values have exceeded the specified standards which indicated that the water quality has been significantly affected by leachate percolation. So, there is an urgent need to adopt certain measures at the landfill site for the protection of environmental quality around Zirezer landfill site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Groundwater quality can be poor in Nigeria due to indiscriminate refuse dumping. Exposed dumps serve as point source pollution that discharge potentially toxic heavy metals into the environment. Objectives. The present research aimed to assess the impact of metal pollution on groundwater quality in hand-dug wells around an active dumpsite and to evaluate the long-term human health effects of this pollution. Methods. Water samples from hand-dug wells used for drinking, irrigation and domestic purposes were collected around the dumpsite. Two samples were collected at each location for cation and anion analyses. Samples for cation analysis were acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid to preserve the elements in the samples, while those for anion analysis were not acidified. Collected samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results. Mean concentrations of metals and physical parameters were compared with the World Health Organization's standards (2012). All samples were found to be within permissible limits, except for arsenic (As) (0.13 mg/L), potassium (K) (29.94 mg/L), lead (Pb) (0.38 mg/L), cadmium (Cd) (0.003 mg/L) and average temperature (31.93°C) as a result of corroded service pipes containing Pb in the dumpsites and the reaction of leachates with various materials such as used battery, tins, and electronic wastes which later leaked into the groundwater. The geoaccumulation index revealed Pb to be moderately to highly contaminated in groundwater. Conclusions. Heavy metal pollution can cause deleterious health effects that can lead to short- and long-term diseases such as keratosis (skin hardening), lung cancer, bladder cancer and ultimately death if proactive steps are not taken. Disposal bags should be provided to all houses in the area, as well as guaranteed waste disposal trucks and dispose of waste at approved sites. In addition, enforcement agents should ensure compliance with rules and regulations. A centralized, deep, double-cased well should be constructed in a clean environment in the study area for drinking and domestic use. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.