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Introduction: To eliminate tobacco-related disparities, tobacco control research would benefit from a paradigm shift. Intersectionality, a framework pioneered by Kimberlé Crenshaw in late 1980s, has the potential to improve our understanding of why and how certain social groups are disproportionately harmed by commercial tobacco use, and improve our ability to address persistent tobacco-related health disparities.Aims and Methods: In this commentary, we outline the rationale and recommendations for incorporating intersectionality into equity-minded tobacco control research. These recommendations arose from intersectionality webinars organized by the Health Disparities (now Health Equity) Network of the Society for Research on Nicotine & Tobacco (SRNT) in 2019 and 2020.Results: Specifically, we propose that eliminating tobacco-related disparities through intersectionality-informed research requires a multilevel, multipronged approach. We summarize priority actions for the tobacco control research field to achieve health equity through the intersectionality framework including acknowledging that structural factors, racism and power dynamics shape lived experiences, integrating critical theoretical frameworks and intersectionality scholarship into research questions, and embracing collaborative community-based approaches at every level of the research process.Conclusions: Through these actions, our field can take concrete steps to fundamentally improve our approach to conducting research to achieve health equity.Implications: Intersectionality is a valuable tool to align our field with our pursuit of health equity. The recommendations aim to improve methods of equity-focused tobacco control, prompt ongoing dialogue on the utility of this tool, and shift paradigms in how the research process is conducted at every level among stakeholders, including researchers, journal editors and reviewers, funders, practitioners, and policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This article reports the results of the Sacramento Neighborhood Alcohol Prevention Project (SNAPP). SNAPP set as its goal the reduction of alcohol access, drinking, and related problems in two low-income, predominantly ethnic minority neighborhoods, focusing on individuals between the ages 15 and 29, an age group identified with high rates of alcohol-involved problems. Method: Two neighborhoods in Sacramento were selected to be the intervention sites because they were economically and ethnically diverse and had high rates of crime and other drinking-related problems. The quasi-experimental design of the study took a 'phased' approach to program implementation and statistical examination of outcome data. Outcome-related data were collected in the intervention sites as well as in the Sacramento community at large. Five project interventions included a mobilization component to support the overall project, a community awareness component, a responsible beverage-service component, an underage-access law enforcement component, and an intoxicated-patron law enforcement component. Archival data were collected to measure and evaluate study outcomes and to provide background and demographic information for the study. Results: Overall, we found significant (p < .05) reductions in assaults as reported by police, aggregate emergency medical services (EMS) outcomes, EMS assaults, and EMS motor vehicle accidents. Conclusions: Results from the Sacramento Neighborhood Alcohol Prevention Project dernonstrate the effectiveness of neighborhood-based interventions in the reduction of alcohol-related problems such as assaults, motor vehicle crashes, and sale of alcohol to minors., MUCH ENTHUSIASM has been generated by recent efforts to reduce alcohol-related problems with the use of environmentally based strategies. Included among these strategies are efforts to alter serving policies at [...]

This paper describes initial findings from a project utilizing unobtrusive participant observation to investigate noncompliance with workplace tobacco control regulations within stand-alone bars in one California city. Early findings indicate that half of the bars in the sample fully complied with the law, while other bars could be described as in transition from smoking to nonsmoking, and a minority of bars remained consistently noncompliant. No smoking at all was observed in 50.4% of bars. Of the 49.6% of bars in which smoking was observed at least once, 14.9% were characterized by endemic smoking. Nine percent of smoking bars may have converted from smoking to nonsmoking over the course of the study, and the remaining bars were characterized by incidental smoking (including doorway smoking, lone smokers, and closing time smoking). Implications for enhancing compliance with tobacco control policies are discussed.

One approach for reducing alcohol and other drug problems is community-based prevention programs. These programs focus on changing the environment in which a person consumes alcohol rather than the behavior [...]

Intracellular calcium controls many molecular process required for cell movement. It is not known how calcium controls overall cell movement. Transient increases in intracellular calcium during the locomotion of fish epithelial keratocytes were found to happen more frequently in cells that are temporarily stuck to the substratum or when mechanically stretched. Calcium transients occur from the activation of stretch-activated calcium channels.

A kinematic description of locomotion of fish epidermal keratocytes is presented. These cells exhibit semicircular shape and persistent 'gliding' motion. It is proposed that the extension on the front and retraction of the rear of these cells occurs orthogonal to the cell edge. In addition, a graded distribution of extension and retraction rates along the cell margin maintains cell shape and size during locomotion.

This article examines the anexo's use of Latino culture and shared experiences to promote recovery and its appeal to 1.5- and second-generation Latinos. Anexos are grassroots recovery groups with origins in Mexico that offer a residential Alcoholics Anonymous program in Latino communities. Data were gathered from a two-year (2014–2016) ethnographic study of anexos in Northern California and were analyzed thematically. Despite having access to publicly funded treatment, many 1.5- and second-generation Latinos accessed anexos based on cultural familiarity, shared experiences, and a desire to recuperate cultural practices lost during their substance use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why the world will never be tobacco-free: reframing "tobacco control" into a traditional tobacco movement. We offer recommendations on how commercial tobacco research scientists, funders, and professional organizations may help to foster a culturally safe environment for Indigenous communities by delineating the difference between commercial tobacco and ceremonial tobacco. Even though red willow is not a I Nicotiana i species plant, these tribes refer to these plants as "ceremonial tobacco", "sacred tobacco", "traditional tobacco", or "natural tobacco." While these efforts to reduce harmful tobacco products are beneficial, working toward the "tobacco endgame" without acknowledging the differences between commercial and ceremonial tobacco serves as further colonial erasure. [Extracted from the article]

Photovoice is used widely for engaging community members in action research aimed at reducing health inequities. Photovoice methodology can help to raise participants' critical awareness regarding the root causes of community health problems, thereby encouraging them to take action to address these root causes. We report on our experiences using photovoice as part of a tobacco prevention project with multiethnic youths in an underresourced Northern California community. Through an iterative cycle of action and reflection, facilitated by staff from academic and community partner agencies, photovoice activities enabled the youths to connect smoking behaviors they observed at their school with low student morale and student officials' lack of engagement regarding students' tobacco use. The photovoice process helped youth participants to develop an action plan, which involved raising critical awareness among their peers and school staff through workshops and strategic meetings. Despite challenges, photovoice was an effective way to engage youths in community-based research and to foster their sense of collective efficacy in addressing structural determinants of inequities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]