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This study introduces a deep-learning-based automatic sleep scoring system to detect sleep apnea using a single-lead electrocardiography (ECG) signal, focusing on accurately estimating the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI). Unlike other research, this work emphasizes AHI estimation, crucial for the diagnosis and severity evaluation of sleep apnea. The suggested model, trained on 1465 ECG recordings, combines the deep-shallow fusion network for sleep apnea detection network (DSF-SANet) and gated recurrent units (GRUs) to analyze ECG signals at 1-min intervals, capturing sleep-related respiratory disturbances. Achieving a 0.87 correlation coefficient with actual AHI values, an accuracy of 0.82, an F1 score of 0.71, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.88 for per-segment classification, our model was effective in identifying sleep-breathing events and estimating the AHI, offering a promising tool for medical professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Although upward transfer in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields represents a prominent national policy concern, community college students' aspirations for transfer in STEM are often impeded, resulting in lower transfer rates. This study investigated four aspects of community college STEM students' aspirational experiences and behaviors with regard to transfer: support for transfer, transfer service usage, transfer-oriented interactions, and transfer information acquisition. Particular attention was paid to how these factors may impact students' aspirational momentum differently based on gender and race/ethnicity. Method: The study drew upon survey and administrative records from 1,245 first-time students beginning in STEM majors or courses at three large comprehensive 2-year institutions in a Midwestern state. A logistic regression model with interaction terms was employed to explore whether and how the relationship between students' aspirational momentum toward STEM transfer and their aspirational experiences and behaviors vary across gender and race/ethnicity. Results: Results indicate that, overall, students engaging in more frequent transfer service usage were significantly more likely to have aspirational momentum, but this relationship is weaker among female students, compared with males. Also, Black and Hispanic students' aspirational momentum was significantly less affected by support for transfer than for White students. In contrast, the effect of transfer service usage on aspirational momentum for Black students was significantly stronger than for White students. Contributions: Our findings hold implications for how to cultivate aspirational momentum toward transfer in STEM, especially how to resolve potential gender and racial disparities within this unique and pivotal transfer pathway.

This study explored whether and how beginning 2-year college students' engagement in active learning within science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) classrooms is related to their intent to transfer to a 4-year institution. Despite the potentially important role active learning experiences play in shaping 2-year college students' intent to transfer upward, there is a dearth of research to investigate this relationship. To fill this gap, we explored the linkage between active learning and intent to transfer. In addition, we explored whether and how transfer self-efficacy may mediate this relationship. Based on survey data collected from a statewide sample of 1st-year 2-year college students beginning in STEM programs or courses and controlling for student entry characteristics and postsecondary factors, a path analysis of mediation revealed that active learning is directly related to transfer intent and exerts an indirect relationship through its positive influence on transfer self-efficacy.

Although the intravesical instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is widely used as adjuvant treatment for nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancers, the clinical benefit is variable across patients, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the sensitivity to BCG administration and disease progression are poorly understood. To establish the molecular signatures that predict the responsiveness and disease progression of bladder cancers treated with BCG, we performed transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) for 13 treatment-naïve and 22 post-treatment specimens obtained from 14 bladder cancer patients. To overcome disease heterogeneity, we used non-negative matrix factorization to identify the latent molecular features associated with drug responsiveness and disease progression. At least 12 molecular features were present, among which the immune-related feature was associated with drug responsiveness, indicating that pre-treatment anti-cancer immunity might dictate BCG responsiveness. We also identified disease progression-associated molecular features indicative of elevated cellular proliferation in post-treatment specimens. The progression-associated molecular features were validated in an extended cohort of BCG-treated bladder cancers. Our study advances understanding of the molecular mechanisms of BCG activity in bladder cancers and provides clinically relevant gene markers for evaluating and monitoring patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study was to report the injury rates and characteristics (body location, type, mechanism, and severity) of musculoskeletal injuries in Kyorugi, Poomsae, and Shibum. A total of 137 Korean collegiate Taekwondo players – Kyorugi (n = 44), Poomsae (n = 46), and Shibum (n = 47) – were prospectively studied in 2019. Injury rates per 1,000 athlete-exposures (AEs) and time-exposures (TEs) during training and competition were calculated. Additionally, body location, type, mechanism, and severity of injury were analysed. The highest injury rate was recorded in Poomsae (172.0/1,000 AEs and 79.5/1,000 TEs) followed by Kyorugi (47.1/1,000 AEs and 25.9/1,000 TEs) and Shibum (57.5/1,000 AEs and 17.0/1,000 TEs). The frequently injured body location was the thigh (Kyorugi = 17%; Poomsae = 25%; Shibum = 18%). The common injury types were muscle cramps/spasms in Kyorugi (33%) and Poomsae (59%), and sprain in Shibum (41%). The common injury mechanisms were gradual onset in Kyorugi (40%) and Shibum (49%), and non-contact trauma in Poomsae (91%). Regarding the severity, the number of days from the injury onset to recovery > 1 week were higher in the order of Kyorugi (78%), Shibum (54%), and Poomsae (28%). Our data provide preliminary evidence that different injury prevention strategies should be applied to each modality of Taekwondo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]