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The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the influence of donepezil, a well-known acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, on amyloid-β (Aβ)-associated mitochondrial dysfunction, in order to gain a better understanding of the neuroprotective effects of this clinically used anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) drug. First, our study verifies the ameliorative effects of donepezil on behavioral deficits in both working memory and anxiety in APP/PS1 double transgenic mice, at a time point that AChE is not inhibited. Meanwhile, we demonstrate that donepezil enhances the resistance of brain mitochondria of APP/PS1 mice to the induction of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) by calcium ions. Moreover, the level of mitochondrial Aβ in the brain of donepezil-treated APP/PS1 transgenic mice is significantly lower than that of vehicle-treated APP/PS1 mice. Our in vitro study using isolated mitochondria from rat brains, which is expected as an AChE-free subcellular system, further confirms the ameliorative effects of donepezil on oligomeric Aβ 1-42 induced mitochondrial swelling and ATP reduction. In addition, donepezil treatment also significantly blocks the Aβ accumulation in the isolated mitochondria. Our study reported for the first time that the protective effects of donepezil against Aβ-associated mitochondrial dysfunction are closely associated with the reduction of Aβ accumulation in the mitochondria. Above observation led us to assume that, besides potent AChE inhibitory effect, other non-cholinergic mechanisms may be involved in the neuroprotective profiles of donepezil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considerable studies indicate huperzine A is a promising natural product to suppress neuronal damages induced by β-amyloid (Aβ), a key pathogenic event in the Alzheimer’s disease (AD). As an extension, the present study for the first time explored whether the beneficial profiles of huperzine A against oligomeric Aβ42 induced neurotoxicity are associated with the accumulation and detrimental function of intraneuronal/mitochondrial Aβ, on the basis of the emerging evidence that intracellular Aβ is more relevant to AD progression as compared with extracellular Aβ. Huperzine A treatment was shown to significantly attenuate the neurotoxicity of oligomeric Aβ42, as demonstrated by increased neuronal viability. Interestingly, our results proved that exogenous Aβ42 could accumulate intraneuronally in a dose- and time-dependent manner, while huperzine A treatment markedly reduced the level of intracellular Aβ42. Moreover, huperzine A treatment rescued mitochondrial dysfunction induced by oligomeric Aβ42, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP) reduction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and membrane potential depolarization. Further study demonstrated that huperzine A also significantly reduced the level of Aβ42 in the mitochondria-enriched subcellular fractions, as well as the Aβ42 fluorescent signals colocalized with mitochondrial marker. This study indicates that interfering intracellular Aβ especially mitochondrial Aβ accumulation, together with ameliorating Aβ-associated mitochondrial dysfunction, may contribute to the protective effects of huperzine A against Aβ neurotoxicity. Above results may shed more light on the pharmacological mechanisms of huperzine A and provide important clues for discovering novel therapeutic strategies for AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphite oxide was prepared by Hummers method and treated by ultrasonic waves to obtain graphene oxide. CdS–graphene composites were successfully synthesized via a one-step solvothermal method with different Cd/S ratios, with cadmium acetate as cadmium source, thiourea as sulfur source and ethylene glycol as reaction solvent and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and UV–vis absorption spectra. The photoelectric characteristics of CdS–graphene composites were evaluated by transient photocurrent response and three-electrode cyclic voltammetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have shown that histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) plays critical roles in many cellular processes related to cancer. However, its biological roles in the development of melanoma remain unexplored. Our aim was to investigate whether HDAC6 has a biological role in human melanoma development and to understand its underlying mechanism. In the present study, HDAC6 expression was up-regulated in melanoma tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of HDAC6 significantly inhibited the proliferation and colony formation ability of A375.S2 cells, promoted cell arrest at G0/G1 phase and apoptosis. Additionally, western blotting assay showed that HDAC6 silencing suppressed Bcl-2 level and enhanced Bax level, then activated caspase-9 and caspase-3, and further activated the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytoplasm, finally induced cell apoptosis involving the mitochondrial pathway. Knockdown of HDAC6 triggered a significant generation of ROS and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Furthermore, ROS inhibitor, NAC reduced HDAC6 siRNA-induced ROS production, and blocked HDAC6 siRNA-induced loss of MMP and apoptosis. NAC also significantly blocked HDAC6 siRNA-induced mtDNA copy number decrease and mitochondrial biogenesis and degradation imbalance. In conclusion, the results showed that knockdown of HDAC6 induced apoptosis in human melanoma A375.S2 cells through a ROS-dependent mitochondrial pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large amounts of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag (TBFS), diamond wire saw Si powder (DWSSP), and Al alloy scrap (AAS) are generated annually. Although these are industrial waste, they contain valuable Ti, Si, and Al resources. In this work, a novel process is developed for the simultaneous recycling of Ti, Si, and Al from these three wastes to prepare TiSi 2 and Al-Si alloys. TBFS, DWSSP, and CaO (flux) were mixed to form a mixed Ti-Si-slag, which was combined with AAS and underwent reduction smelting at 1823 K to prepare Si-Ti-Al alloys. Subsequently, TiSi 2 (98.7%) and low-Fe Al-Si (0.64 wt% Fe) alloys were prepared sequentially by separating the molten Si-Ti-Al melt via electromagnetic directional crystallization with a pull-down rate of 3 µm/s. The impurities in the Si-Ti-Al alloy were removed during the separation process by segregation at the boundary of the solid-liquid phase and volatilization. Furthermore, the entire process produces no waste acid or waste gas. Therefore, this work has introduced an efficient and environmentally friendly method for the value-added recycling of Ti, Si, and Al resources from accumulated TBFS, DWSSP, and AAS. [Display omitted] • A novel approach was proposed to simultaneously recycle three wastes. • Extracting Ti from Ti-bearing blast furnace slag while removing O from diamond wire saw Si powder. • Fe was removed from the Al alloy scrap while the Al alloy scrap was also recycled as an Al-Si alloy. • The entire process produces no waste acid or waste gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots modified SnO 2 composites (SnO 2 /N-GQDs) were prepared by a solvothermal method, where N-GQDs were synthesized through a hydrothermal process with citric acid and urea as sources. The lattice stripes of 0.33 nm, 0.26 nm and 0.24 nm were ascribed to (110) and (101) crystal planes of SnO 2 and (1120) crystal plane of N-GQDs, respectively. The photoelectric properties of SnO 2 /N-GQDs composites with different N-GQDs contents were characterized using I-t, LSV, EIS, and Mott-Schottky. Among them, SnO 2 /N-GQDs-2 composites reached the smallest electrochemical impedance and achieved the optimal transient photocurrent value of 1.880 × 10−4 A/cm2. Compared with pure SnO 2 , SnO 2 /N-GQDs-2 presented a 5-fold increase in the photocurrent density. LSV showed that the incorporation of N-GQDs could enhance the photocurrent intensity of SnO 2. The Mott-Schottky slope of SnO 2 /N-GQDs-2 in light was smaller than that of SnO 2 and SnO 2 /N-GQDs-2 in dark, indicating that more carriers were generated under UV illumination and transferred with the doping of N-GQDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A green approach is proposed for the extraction of valuable metals from wastes. • The entire process produces no carbon, waste acid, or waste gas. • A new approach for preparing Ti 5 Si 3 alloy and Ti 5 Si 4 -TiAl 3 alloy. • Three wastes are cleanly utilized through an approach. Spent SCR catalyst (SSC), Ti-bearing blast furnace slag (TBFS), and Al alloy scrap (AAS) are industrial wastes that are rich in Ti and Al. To utilize Ti and Al resources in these three wastes, here, an efficient approach is proposed to prepare two useful alloys, Ti 5 Si 3 and Ti 5 Si 4 -TiAl 3 , using the three wastes as raw materials. First, AAS was used as a reductant to extract Ti and Si from the SSC and TBFS and simultaneously prepare Ti-Si-Al alloys. The effect of the crucible (Al 2 O 3 and MgO crucibles) and CaO addition (slagging agent) on Al reduction was investigated, and the results showed that a MgO crucible and the addition of CaO increased the extraction ratio of Ti and Si. Then, Ti 5 Si 3 and Ti 5 Si 4 -TiAl 3 alloys were prepared sequentially by the separation of molten Ti-Si-Al melt via electromagnetic directional crystallization. Impurities in the Ti-Si-Al alloy were removed during electromagnetic directional crystallization. No carbon, waste acid, and waste gas were discharged throughout the whole production process. This work provides a green, high-efficiency, and low-cost method that also treats accumulated SSC, TBFS, and AAS wastes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as excellent conductive materials could effectively enhance the electron transmission efficiency of W 18 O 49 nanofibers after their combination. In order to investigate the effect of different crystal phase WO 3 on the optoelectric properties of GQDs/W 18 O 49 composites, the orthogonal phase WO 3 (o-WO 3), hexagonal phase WO 3 (h-WO 3) and tetragonal phase WO 3 (t-WO 3) had been used to produce GQDs/W 18 O 49 /WO 3 homojunction with GQDs/W 18 O 49. After comparing them, it was found that the photocurrent intensity of GQDs/W 18 O 49 /t-WO 3 was 2.35 times, 1.68 times and 1.08 times as high as that of GQDs/W 18 O 49 , GQDs/W 18 O 49 /o-WO 3 and GQDs/W 18 O 49 /h-WO 3 at 1.2 V versus Hg/Hg 2 Cl 2 , respectively. And the t-WO 3 could effectively decrease the band gap, reduce the interfacial resistance, prolong the electron lifetime, accelerate the electron conduction and increase the photocurrent magnitude of the homojunction. The photoelectric performance of the composites could be adjusted by regulating the ratios of GQDs/W 18 O 49 and t-WO 3 , the ratio 2:1 of GQDs/W 18 O 49 /t-WO 3 composites presented a higher photocurrent density and lower interfacial resistance than other proportions. The physical mechanism of such enhanced photoconduction in this homostructure have been discussed. • GQDs promote the separation of photoelectron and reduce the interfacial transfer resistance of GQDs/W 18 O 49. • Comparison of GQDs/W 18 O 49 /t-WO 3, GQDs/W 18 O 49 / o-WO 3 and GQDs/W 18 O 49 / h-WO 3 homostructures. • GQDs/W 18 O 49 /t-WO 3 reduced the band gap and promoted the interfacial accumulation and transfer. • GQDs/W 18 O 49 /t-WO 3 at ratio of 2:1 processed the smallest electron-transfer resistance and highest photocurrent density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] ZnS-graphene prepared with thiourea and sodium sulfide as sulfur sources, and ethylenediamine and ethylene glycol as solvents. [•] Electron capture and transfer ability of graphene resulting in a more efficient separation of photoexcited charge carriers from ZnS-graphene. [•] Properties of ZnS-graphene with thiourea and ethylene glycol are superior to those of blank-ZnS and other composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] A simple method to prepare MIP-SB for dopamine extraction was introduced. [•] The MIP-SB was used to separate and enrich trace dopamine in human urine samples for the first time. [•] No elimination of protein or organic solvent is needed when using the MIP-SB to prepare urine samples. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A solid-state electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor based on special ferrocene-labeled molecular beacon (Fc-MB) for highly sensitive detection of promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor alpha (PML/RARα) fusion gene was developed successfully using Ru(bpy) ${{{2+\hfill \atop 3\hfill}}}$/2-(dibutylamino)ethanol (DBAE) as detecting pattern. Such a special sensor involves two main parts, an ECL substrate and an ECL intensity switch. The ECL substrate was made by modifying the complex of Ruthenium (II) tris-(bipyridine) and Au nanoparticles (Ru(bpy) ${{{2+\hfill \atop 3\hfill}}}$-AuNPs) onto the Au electrode (AuE) surface. The molecular beacon probe in which the ferrocene tag could effectively quench the ECL of the Ru(bpy) ${{{2+\hfill \atop 3\hfill}}}$acted as ECL intensity switch. The molecular beacon probe was designed with special base sequence, which could hybridize with its complementary target DNA. In the absence of a target, the hairpin structure of the probe forced the ferrocene (Fc) into close proximity with the ECL substrate, thus reducing ECL intensity. Target binding allowed the Fc away from the ECL substrate and resulted in an obvious increment in ECL intensity due to the decreased Fc quenching effect. The effect of the amount of Ru(bpy) ${{{2+\hfill \atop 3\hfill}}}$ and the mixing procedure of Ru(bpy) ${{{2+\hfill \atop 3\hfill}}}$ and AuNPs solution on the fabrication of ECL film had been investigated. As a result, the change of ECL intensity had a direct relationship with the logarithm of PML/RARα fusion gene concentration in the range of 0.05-500 pM with a detection limit of 7 fM, and the developed biosensor possessed good molecular recognizability in human serum. Thus, the approach holds promise for the early diagnostics and prognosis monitoring of APL and other diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel electrochemical method for the sequence-specific detection of double-stranded polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of PML/RARα fusion gene in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) was described in detail. Based on a 'sandwich' sensing mode involving a pair of locked nucleic acids probes (capture probe and reporter probe), this DNA sensor exhibited excellent selectivity and specificity. The direct and quantitative analysis of double-stranded complementary was firstly performed by our sensor without the use of alkali, helicase enzymes, or denaturants. Finally, combining PCR technique with electrochemical detection scheme, PCR amplicons (191 bp) of the PML/RARα fusion gene were obtained and rapidly identified with a low detection limit of 79 fmol in the 100-μL hybridization system. The results clearly showed the power of sensor as a promising tool for the sensitive, specific, and portable detection of APL and other diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turbidities and isobaric heat capacities per unit volume, in a wide temperature range, have been measured for critical binary solutions of {nitrobenzene + n-undecane} and {nitrobenzene + n-dodecane}. The critical exponents and the system-dependent critical amplitudes were deduced. The non-critical and the critical-fluctuation induced contributions to the background heat capacities were determined. We also obtained the coupling constant $$ \bar{u} $$ by analyzing the coexistence curve data with crossover theory. These parameters were used to test some universal amplitude ratios and together with the coexistence-curve data to test the complete scaling theory. It is shown that the contribution from heat capacity plays an important role in describing the asymmetric criticality of the coexistence curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastric cancer (GC) ranks as the third most prevalent malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. However, the majority of patients with GC are diagnosed at an advanced stage, highlighting the urgent need for effective perioperative and postoperative chemotherapy to prevent relapse and metastasis. The current treatment strategies have limited overall efficacy because of intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. Recent evidence suggests that dysregulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a significant role in mediating drug resistance in GC. Therefore, there is an imperative to explore novel molecular mechanisms underlying drug resistance in order to overcome this challenging issue. With advancements in deep transcriptome sequencing technology, lncRNAs—once considered transcriptional noise—have garnered widespread attention as potential regulators of carcinogenesis, including tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and sensitivity to chemo- or radiotherapy through multiple regulatory mechanisms. In light of these findings, we aim to review the mechanisms by which lncRNAs contribute to drug therapy resistance in GC with the goal of providing new insights and breakthroughs toward overcoming this formidable obstacle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In GaN Schottky barrier diodes (SBD), there is a trade-off between the turn-on voltage and the leakage current. In this study, recess-free 4 nm-thin-barrier AlGaN/GaN SBDs with minimal leakage current as well as excellent turn-on voltage homogeneity are developed, which enable better electrical control to pinch off the 2DEG channel under the anode region and avoids trap introduced in the barrier etching process. In detail, the effect of reverse stress on the SBD performance is initially explored by using differential conductance, and then, the anode-to-cathode distances and temperatures dependence of SBDs output characteristics are systematically studied. The fabricated thin-barrier GaN SBDs show a turn-on voltage of ∼0.75 V and a low level leakage current of 9.66 × 10−10 (1.91 × 10−8) A/mm at 300 (423) K, which is among the lowest reported values at the comparable reverse bias voltage and temperature. Moreover, structure parameters of the thin-barrier AlGaN/GaN SBD are systematically modeled and optimized by the TCAD simulations, including anode metal work function, Al mole fraction, the anode-to-cathode distance, and slanted anode angle. The introduction of slanted anode is found to have significant effect on the improvement of reverse breakdown voltage and leakage current characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this study, primary channel mismatch scenario between enrollment and test conditions in a speaker verification task are analyzed and modeled. A novel Gaussian mixture modeling with a universal background model (GMM–UBM) frame based compensation model related to the mismatch is formulated and evaluated using National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) speaker recognition evaluation (SRE) 2008 data, along with a comparison to the well-known eigenchannel model. Proposed compensation method show significant improvement versus an eigenchannel model when only the supervector of the UBM is employed. Here, the supervector of the enrollment speaker model is not included for estimation of the mismatch since it is difficult to obtain the real supervector of the speaker based on the limited 5min, channel dependent speech data only. The proposed mismatch compensation model, therefore show that construction of the supervector obtained from a UBM model can more accurately describe the mismatch between enrollment and test data, resulting in effective classification performance improvement for speaker/speech applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor about VANGL2 gene mutations in human cranial neural-tube defects is presented.

Five new complexes were obtained from solution or hydrothermal reactions of M(OAc)2(M = Mn, Cu and Cd) or CuCl2with 4-amino-3,5-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole (abpt) and NaN3or 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (btcH3) in different molar ratios. Structural analysis reveals that Cd(abpt) units in [Cd(abpt)(μ1,1-N3)2]n(1) are bridged by double μ1,1end-on (EO) azides into 1D zigzag coordination chains. Similar structural motifs, i.e.the chelation of abpt to the metal center and the double bridges of EO azides, are found in [Mn4(abpt)4(μ1,1-N3)8(H2O)2] (2). The terminal aqua molecules and the monodentate N3−groups lead to the formation of a tetranuclear complex rather than a polymeric compound. The abpt underwent deamination in the presence of copper ions during the process of coordination and became 3,5-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazolate (bpt-H) in 3–5. [Cu4(bpt-H)4(N3)4]·4.5H2O (3) is a neutral tetranuclear grid-like complex, in which the azides act as monodentate ligands. A similar [Cu4(bpt-H)4]4+grid-like unit was found in [Cu4(bpt-H)4(μ-btcH)Cl2]·2H2O (4) and a pair of symmetry-related copper atoms are bridged by the μ-btcH2−coligand in a butterfly-shaped structure. In [Cu2(bpt-H)(μ6-btc)(H2O)]n(5), the tetranuclear {Cu4(μ-bpt-H)2(μ3-carboxylate)2}4+units are bridged by μ6-btc3−ligands in a 2D step-like layer structure. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal that the double μ1,1-N3−bridges in 2transmit the ferromagnetic interactions between Mn2+centers (J1= J2= +3.09(4) cm−1, gMn(ii)= 2.02(1)), and the μ-(bpt-H)−bridges transmit moderate antiferromagnetic interactions in both 3(J= −12.78(13) cm−1) and 4(J1= −14.96(11) cm−1). In 4the antiferromagnetic coupling viathe μ-btcH2−bridge was found as the second coupling pathway (J2= −9.48(7) cm−1). The coexistence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic coupling between four Cu2+centers occurs in 5(J1= −0.88(3) cm−1and J2= +5.01(2) cm−1). The magneto–structural relationship for tetranuclear copper pyrazolate/triazolate compounds has been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ligand, benzophenone-2,4'-dicarboxylate, was used as a polytopic linker and magnetic separator to bridge the inorganic hydroxide-bridged cobat(II) chain motifs into a laminar inorganic-organic hybrid materials with nearest inter-chain Co(II)…Co(II) distance of ca. 8.14 Å , which exhibits single-chain magnet behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ligand, benzophenone-2,4′-dicarboxylate, was used as a polytopic linker and magnetic separator to bridge the inorganic hydroxide-bridged cobat(ii) chain motifs into a laminar inorganic–organic hybrid materials with nearest inter-chain Co(ii)Co(ii) distance of ca.8.14 , which exhibits single-chain magnet behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel water-based rust conversion agent (abbreviated as "TE-GAE") was firstly synthesized using gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid, abbreviated as "GA") and triethanolamine (abbreviated as "TE") by esterification reaction. A new type of rust conversion coating (abbreviated as "TE-GAE coating") containing the TE-GAE and additives was also prepared. The structural feature of rust conversion agent TE-GAE was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). The effect of the synthetic water-based TE-GAE coating on original rust layer were investigated by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). Compared with traditional rust conversion coatings that apply tannic acid and phosphoric acid as rust converters, the as-synthesized integrated TE-GAE coating firstly revolutionized the application method of the anti-corrosion coatings, combined the traditional "primer" and "topcoat" into one, and improved engineering efficiency while ensuring protective effect. Additionally, the adhesion test indicated that the integrated TE-GAE coating presented remarkably strong film adhesion between the coating and steel substrate. Meanwhile, the neutral salt spray test and weather-resistant test showed significant corrosion resistance. Furthermore, a corrosion resistance mechanism including the combined effect of the rust conversion, barrier and corrosion inhibition for the integrated TE-GAE coating was tentatively proposed, which indicating that the rust converter chelates with Fe2+/Fe3+ to form a dense chelating film, extend the penetration path of corrosive medium and delay the occurrence of corrosion process. Thus, such a "green" and "efficient" integrated rust conversion coating is promising for protecting steel from corrosion, which is critical for the sustainable development of functional coating materials. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The fluorescent quantum dot–polymer composites were fabricated by incorporating thioglycolic acid capped CdTe quantum dots into polyacrylamide via cross-linking agents. The CdTe–polyacrylamide composites were characterized by fluorescence spectrophotometer and fluorescence microscope. The result shows that the quantum dot–polymer composites show strong photoluminescence in aqueous solution. The photoluminescence spectrum of quantum dot–polymer composites exhibits a slight blue shift compared to that of initial CdTe quantum dots. The slight shift might be attributed to the covalently bonding between the carboxyl groups of thiolglycolic acid capped on CdTe quantum dots and the amide groups of the polyacrylamide chains. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The paper describes the rapid and label-free detection of the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) using a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) device based on gold films prepared by electroless plating. The plating condition for obtaining films suitable for SPR measurements was optimized. Gold nanoparticles adsorbed on glass slides were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Detection of the WSSV was performed through the binding between WSSV in solution and the anti-WSSV single chain variable fragment (scFv antibody) preimmobilized onto the sensor surface. Morphologies of the as-prepared gold films, gold films modified with self-assembled alkanethiol monolayers, and films covered with antibody were examined using an atomic force microscope (AFM). To demonstrate the viability of the method for real sample analysis, WSSV of different concentrations present in a shrimp hemolymph matrix was determined upon optimizing the surface density of the antibody molecules. The SPR device based on the electroless-plated gold films is capable of detecting concentration of WSSV as low as 2.5ng/mL in 2% shrimp hemolymph, which is one to two orders of magnitude lower than the level measurable by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Rhodium promotion of iron–chromium oxide (Fe–Cr) catalysts for the water–gas shift (WGS) reaction was investigated through measurement of the rates of individual reduction and reoxidation steps. The temperature-programmed reduction of the starting Fe2O3 form by H2 is accelerated by rhodium, with the extent of oxygen removal at 450 °C corresponding to Fe3O4 formation. The corresponding reduction by CO proceeds further, in agreement with bulk thermodynamic expectations. However, rhodium has no effect on the oxygen removal rate, although it leads to substantially increased carbon deposition. The behavior with respect to reoxidation of reduced catalysts is somewhat similar. Rhodium greatly enhances H2 release during reoxidation by water, presumably by recombining hydrogen atoms transferred from oxide to metal by reverse spillover. The rate of H2 evolution from the Rh/Fe–Cr system at 280 °C is greater than that from Fe–Cr at 380 °C. Reoxidation by CO2 is not promoted by Rh and is much slower than that by H2O for the Rh-containing catalyst. Likewise, reoxidation by H2O/CO2 mixtures results in a much higher yield of H2 relative to CO for the promoted catalyst compared with the unpromoted one. The extent to which catalysts previously equilibrated in WGS feeds at 350 °C can then be reduced in pulses of CO or H2 depends on the composition of the WGS feed. Fe–Cr catalysts do not reduce in H2 after exposure to H2O/CO (2:1) or a reformate (H2O/CO/H2/CO2) feed. Hydrogen reduction is possible with Rh/Fe–Cr after exposure to H2O/CO but not after exposure to reformate, for which thermodynamic considerations suggest that the working oxidation state may be lower. The greater reducing power of CO leads to continuing reduction after treatment with both prior feeds. Overall, it is concluded that of the two steps that may restrict the rate of the WGS reaction over iron–chromium oxide catalysts (reduction by CO and H2 generation through reoxidation by water), rhodium acts primarily by accelerating the second. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The addition of a small amount of rhodium to a high temperature iron–chromia water–gas shift catalyst has been found to accelerate significantly the approach to equilibrium. The kinetics of the reaction have been studied in terms of the separate forward and backward reactions, and using a feed composition typical of those produced by steam reforming. It was found impossible to avoid the influence of mass transfer under relevant high-temperature operating conditions. A power rate law incorporating thermodynamic limitations best described the kinetic data for the reforming mixture. An equation based on forward and backward expressions was less satisfactory. Comparison of the observed kinetics with those reported in the literature for undoped catalysts indicates that the promoter has the greatest effect on the reactivity of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this study, the prepared GQDs/W 18 O 49 /WO 3 (WCW) were loaded on g-C 3 N 4 with defects (CN 1-x) under the action of hydrothermal synthesis. The structure, morphology, optical properties, functional groups and surface group properties of the CN 1-x @WCW composites were determined by XRD, TEM, UV–vis, FTIR and XPS tests. The electrochemical properties of the CN 1-x @WCW composite were studied by i-t, EIS and M − S analysis. Compared with WCW, the instantaneous photoelectric efficiency, the photon current efficiency under the applied bias voltage, interfacial electron transfer and electron lifetime of CN 1-x @WCW had been greatly improved. The results indicated that two-dimensional CN 1-x with good conductivity could transfer electrons quickly, reduce the interfacial resistance and prolong the lifetime of electrons, thus inhibiting the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs in WCW semiconductor. In addition, the possible mechanism was proposed and analyzed from the point of view of electron transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, 60 crushed samples comprising four groups of particles of different sizes were used to simulate the porous and crushed conditions of a gob area in an underground mine. Size distribution, porosity range, and the ratio of wavelength to the particle size of the crushed samples were taken into account with reference to the field observations in the actual gob. The ultrasonic wave velocity and attenuation were measured at an expected porosity under a loading pressure. Meanwhile, the permeability of the samples in the same conditions as the wave measurement was measured using the steady-state method. The results showed that the P-wave velocity of the crushed material was in the range of 400–1000 m/s, which was similar to the velocity of the fractured rock in the actual gob. The model for estimating the seismic attenuation of the crushed rock was confirmed to be a function of the porosity (φ), the density of discontinuity (δ), transmission coefficient (ζ), wave frequency (f), and the scatter factor (κ) proposed in the empirical formula based on the equipment results. The estimated seismic attenuation was consistent with the measurements in the experiment as well as the actual value based on previous study. In particular, the estimation was quite accurate, while the ratio of wavelength (λ) to particle size (dm) was between 35 and 65. The estimated permeability of the crushed rock mass fell into a magnitude range of 10−12 to 10−13 m2. The permeability showed consistency with the Kozney–Carman equation but with a larger tortuosity coefficient. The field gob permeability estimated by the laboratory correlation was from 1225 to 15,866 10−12 m2, showing good agreement with the previous research. The relationship between the permeability and the seismic attenuation of the crushed rock was established based on the measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, ion chromatography (IC) with suppressed conductivity detection was used for the determination of trace anions in 29% (w/w) ammonium hydroxide, 49% (w/w) hydrofluoric acid and slurries. For these samples, various sample pretreatment methods were applied to eliminate matrix interferences. For concentrated ammonium hydroxide, an on-line electrochemical neutralizer (SP10 AutoNeutralization module) was used to neutralize the base prior to the IC analysis. For concentrated hydrofluoric acid, a heart cutting technique with an ion-exclusion column was used to separate the anions of interest prior to an IC separation. A method was also developed to analyze chloride in silica slurries by IC. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

[Display omitted] • A new approach for clean utilization of the Ti-bearing blast furnace slag. • A new approach for preparation of high-purity TiSi 2 using Si-Ti solvent. • Separation of Si–Ti alloy into TiSi 2 and eutectic Si–Ti alloy via directional crystallization. • Mechanism for separation and purification of Si-Ti alloy was discussed. Titanium-bearing (Ti-bearing) blast furnace slag is not only industrial waste but also an important Ti resource. However, the cleaning of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag for utilization is a difficult problem. In this study, a new process is proposed to prepare Titanium disilicide (TiSi 2) and eutectic Si–Ti alloy (Si/TiSi 2), using Ti-bearing blast furnace slag and low-purity Si as raw materials. Firstly, Titanium oxide (TiO 2) in the Ti-bearing blast furnace slag was reduced by Si and an Si–Ti alloy was obtained. The obtained Si–Ti alloy was then separated into TiSi 2 and eutectic Si–Ti alloy by directional crystallization. In addition, MgO, Al 2 O 3 and graphite crucibles were used and their influences on the results were investigated to obtain the optimal reaction container to prepare high-purity TiSi 2 and eutectic Si–Ti alloy. The results show that the separation of Si–Ti alloy using an MgO crucible as a reaction container has little influence on the purity of the TiSi 2 (>98%) and eutectic Si–Ti alloy (>97%) and that most of the impurities could be eliminated from the bulk TiSi 2 crystal and eutectic Si–Ti alloy. The results of this study provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the simultaneous preparation of TiSi 2 and eutectic Si–Ti alloy materials and proposes a new approach for the comprehensive utilization of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were synthesized via the Hummers' method and the hydrothermal cutting process. The lateral size of GQDs was 50 nm, and the thickness was 6 nm. The cubic phase ZnSe nanoparticles were obtained by the hydrothermal method, and the diffraction peaks could be ascribed to the (111), (220), (311), (400), (331) and (422) crystal planes of ZnSe. By controlling the addition amount of GQDs with 0.04%, 0.06%, 0.08%, and 0.1%, ZnSe-GQDs composites were prepared by a simple one-step hydrothermal method. When testing composite materials, we could clearly obtain two lattice stripes belonging to GQDs and ZnSe in HRTEM, respectively. ZnSe-GQDs composites could also be found the characteristic peaks representing GQDs and ZnSe at 284 nm and 446 nm on the UV–Vis absorption spectra, respectively. The effect of different GQDs contents on the photoelectric property of ZnSe-GQDs film was investigated. The optimal photocurrent density of ZnSe-0.08 wt% GQDs was three times larger than that of pure ZnSe. The semicircle radius of electrochemical impedance spectrum was reduced with the addition of GQDs gradually, which proved that the appropriate amount of GQDs could reduce the charge transfer resistance of ZnSe in this composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new technology for simultaneous recycle of Al-Si scraps and purification of Si. • Two products, high-purity Si and low-Fe eutectic Al-Si alloy, were prepared simultaneously. • Critical concentrations of Fe in the eutectic Al-Si-Fe-(Mn/Cr) alloy were experimentally determined for the first time. Currently, the elimination of Fe from Al-Si alloy for recycling Al-Si scraps, and the purification of Si using Al-Si solvent for recycling Si wafers in solar cells or production of new Si wafers, are two totally different research technologies and topics. A new approach is proposed in this study to combine the two different technologies into a single one which can not only recycle spent Si wafers but also Al-Si scrap simultaneously. The new approach is promising for cost reduction and environmental conservation, because two widely used products, high-purity Si and low Fe eutectic Al-Si alloys, can be prepared simultaneously via electromagnetic directional crystallization. The Al-Si-Fe-(Mn/Cr) melt was separated into a low-Fe eutectic Al-Si alloy (eutectic Al-Si-Fe-(Mn/Cr) alloy) and agglomerated high-purity Si crystals. The critical concentration of Fe (theoretical minimum value of Fe content) in the eutectic Al-Si-Fe-(Mn/Cr) alloys were determined experimentally for the first time, which decreased and increased slightly after the addition of Mn and Cr, respectively. After removing Fe, the residual Fe-containing impurities in the low-Fe eutectic Al-Si-Fe-(Mn/Cr) alloy were modified from their harmful needle-like shape to less harmful Chinese-script-like, and short platelet-like shapes by adding small amounts of Mn and Cr, respectively. After grinding the agglomerated Si crystals and leaching the main impurities, namely Mn, B, Cr , Ca, Al, P, Fe, and Ni, from the Si powders, the purity of Si was upgraded from 99.34% to 99.96%. This new and promising approach can be used for the purifying Si, recycling Si wafers and Al-Si scraps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tea cultivars with yellow- or white-leaf variations have a high economic value due to their high amino acid (especially theanine) concentration. However, the dynamic changes of amino acid components (especially theanine) and related gene expression during new shoot development in these cultivars are still unclear. In this study, 264 tea samples from four representative varieties picked during the harvest period in spring were analyzed for their amino acid profiles. The dynamic change rules of ethylamine and 19 amino acids were summarized in normal green and yellow cultivars during new shoot development. Interestingly, the theanine concentration in the yellow cultivar was significantly higher than that in the green cultivar, and increased gradually as the leaves matured until they reached a maximum in the one bud and three leaves stage. The amino acid concentration in the leaves of the yellow cultivar increased significantly with leaf position, which was generally in contrast to the normal green cultivar. Transcriptome and correlation analyses revealed that CsGS1 , CsPDX2 , CsGGP5 , CsHEMA3 and CsCLH4 might be the key genes potentially responsible for the differential accumulation of theanine in green and yellow tea cultivars. These results provide further information for the utilization and improvement of tea plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new rust conversion agent based on gallic acid was developed. On this basis, an integrated epoxy rust conversion coating that combined the primer and topcoat of traditional coatings into one was prepared. Compared with the traditional coatings, the integrated epoxy rust conversion coating in this study appeared significant performances: (1) It simplified the construction process, and strengthened the adhesion between rust conversion coating and rust/substrate; (2) In corrosion simulation environments, i.e., the natural environment, water immersion environment and weather-resistant accelerated aging environment, the surface of integrated epoxy rust conversion coating was smooth, and contained fewer holes. Meanwhile, the contact between the coating and substrate or rust was relatively close. Additionally, the corrosion potential and corrosion current density respectively were −0.465 v/7.247 × 10−7 A/cm2, -0.736 v/5.958 × 10−5 A/cm2, and -0.574 v/2.305 × 10−6 A/cm2. (3) The degree of rust conversion was delectable, and rust conversion mechanism showed that the components of original rust were transformed into stable phases, i.e., the phenolic hydroxyls contained in rust conversion agent can form a series of stable complexes with Fe–O–C structure by chelating with iron ion, thus inhibiting further rust expansion. • A new integrated epoxy rust conversion coating was successfully prepared. • It combined the primer and topcoat of traditional coatings into one. • It simplified construction process and improved construction efficiency. • Rust conversion agent can form complex of Fe–O–C structure with iron ion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Recycling diamond-wire saw silicon kerf and Ti-bearing blast furnace slag simultaneously. • TiO 2 , high-purity Si and NaF were prepared through one approach. • Using a waste to recycle the other waste. Both diamond wire saw silicon kerf (DWSSK) and Ti-bearing blast furnace slag (TBBFS) are largely accumulated industrial wastes and important resources of Si and Ti. Currently, both are treated using independent approaches. In this study, a novel approach is proposed to simultaneously extract Ti from TBBFS to prepare TiO 2 and recycle Si from DWSSK to prepare high-purity Si. Firstly, DWSSK (86.9 % Si) was employed as a reductant to extract Ti from TBBFS to prepare bulk Si-Ti alloys, and the largest extraction rate was 99.4 %. Secondly, Si and Ti in the bulk Si-Ti alloy were separated using a HF-containing acid solution. Ti in the Si-Ti alloy dissolved into the HF-containing acid solution, and high-purity Si was obtained after acid leaching. The purity of Si in DWSSK increased from 86.9% to 99.94%. Thereafter, a NaOH solution was used to precipitate Ti(OH) 4 from the HF-containing acid solution, and TiO 2 was prepared by roasting Ti(OH) 4. Notably, the new approach had the advantage of concurrently eliminating impurities while recycling DWSSK. Finally, NaOH and HF solutions were used to prepare high-purity NaF (>98 %) to treat the waste solutions. The results of this study provides a new and sustainable technology for clean utilization of DWWSK and TBBFS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, tin dioxide with vacancies (SnO x) was compounded with three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide (3D RGO) to obtain SnO x /3D RGO. The morphology, optical properties and structural composition of SnO x /3D RGO were analyzed by a series of techniques, and the photoconductive properties of the SnO x /3D RGO composites with different mass fractions of RGO were investigated. The photocurrent density of SnO x /3D RGO at 3D RGO mass fraction of 1.5 % reached a maximum value of 2.77 × 10−4 A/cm2, which was about twice and 1.2 times as large as that of SnO x and SnO x /2D RGO (two-dimensional reduced graphene oxide), respectively. In the linear scanning voltammetry and Mott-Schottky analysis results, SnO x /3D RGO exhibited the highest photocurrent (6.34 × 10−3 A/cm2) intensity at 1.0 V bias and the largest carrier density (2.61 × 1021cm−3). This was due to the fact that RGO played a charge transfer role in the composite material in both 2D and 3D structures. In contrast, the porous 3D RGO could connect separate lamellae, which prevented the aggregation of layers and enhanced the electron transfer, thus exhibiting superior performance than 2D graphene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: The P2X3 receptor, a trimeric ionotropic purinergic receptor, has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for refractory chronic cough (RCC). Nevertheless, gefapixant/AF‐219, the only marketed P2X3 receptor antagonist, might lead taste disorders by modulating the human P2X2/3 (hP2X2/3) heterotrimer. Hence, in RCC drug development, compounds exhibiting strong affinity for the hP2X3 homotrimer and a weak affinity for the hP2X2/3 heterotrimer hold promise. An example of such a molecule is sivopixant/S‐600918, a clinical Phase II RCC candidate with a reduced incidence of taste disturbance compared to gefapixant. Sivopixant and its analogue, (3‐(4‐([3‐chloro‐4‐isopropoxyphenyl]amino)‐3‐(4‐methylbenzyl)‐2,6‐dioxo‐3,6‐dihydro‐1,3,5‐triazin‐1(2H)‐yl)propanoic acid (DDTPA), exhibit both high affinity and high selectivity for hP2X3 homotrimers, compared with hP2X2/3 heterotrimers. The mechanism underlying the druggable site and its high selectivity remains unclear. Experimental Approach: To analyse mechanisms that distinguish this drug candidate from other inhibitors of the P2X3 receptors we used a combination of chimera construction, site covalent occupation, metadynamics, mutagenesis and whole‐cell recording. Key Results: The high affinity and selectivity of sivopixant/DDTPA for hP2X3 receptors was determined by the tri‐symmetric site located close to the upper vestibule. Substitution of only four amino acids inside the upper body domain of hP2X2 with those of hP2X3, enabled the hP2X2/3 heterotrimer to exhibit a similar level of apparent affinity for sivopixant/DDTPA as the hP2X3 homotrimer. Conclusion and Implications: From the receptor‐ligand recognition perspective, we have elucidated the molecular basis of novel RCC clinical candidates' cough‐suppressing properties and reduced side effects, offering a promising approach to the discovery of novel drugs that specifically target P2X3 receptors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) 9 is a negative regulator of adipogenic differentiation, which is required for maintenance of healthy adipose tissues. We reported that HDAC9 expression is upregulated in adipose tissues during obesity, in conjunction with impaired adipogenic differentiation, adipocyte hypertrophy, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis, all of which were alleviated by global genetic deletion of Hdac9. Here, we developed a novel transgenic (TG) mouse model to test whether overexpression of Hdac9 is sufficient to induce adipocyte hypertrophy, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis in the absence of obesity. HDAC9 TG mice gained less body weight than wild-type (WT) mice when fed a standard laboratory diet for up to 40 weeks, which was attributed to reduced fat mass (primarily inguinal adipose tissue). There was no difference in insulin sensitivity or glucose tolerance in 18-week-old WT and HDAC9 TG mice; however, at 40 weeks of age, HDAC9 TG mice exhibited impaired insulin sensitivity and glucose intolerance. Tissue histology demonstrated adipocyte hypertrophy, along with reduced numbers of mature adipocytes and stromovascular cells, in the HDAC9 TG mouse adipose tissue. Moreover, increased lipids were detected in the livers of aging HDAC9 TG mice, as evaluated by oil red O staining. In conclusion, the experimental aging HDAC9 TG mice developed adipocyte hypertrophy, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis, independent of obesity. This novel mouse model may be useful in the investigation of the impact of Hdac9 overexpression associated with metabolic and aging-related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article used a high-temperature and high-pressure Hastelloy reactor to simulate the harsh corrosion environment. The effects of different Cl- concentrations(0, 5 000, 10 000, 15 000 mg/L)on the corrosion mechanism of N80 tubing steel in the extraction fluid was studied. The corrosion rate, corrosion morphology and corrosion film structure of N80 tubing steel was analyzed using a combination of macroscopic and microscopic means. The variability of corrosion in different Cl- content environments was clarified. The results showed that the corrosion rate rose significantly with the elevation of Cl- concentration, and the pits on the surface of the corrosion products gradually increased. The large amount of Cl- enrichment destroyed the originally dense corrosion film, exposing N80 tubing steel to the corrosion solution. The presence of trace O2 made the concentration difference battery occur, accelerating the corrosion process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gold nanostructures and a Nafion modified screen-printed carbon electrode (Nafion/AuNS/SPCE) were developed to assess the cell viability of Parkinson's disease (PD) cell models. The electrochemical measurement of cell viability was reflected by catecholamine neurotransmitter (represented by dopamine) secretion capacity, followed by a traditional tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay for confirmation. Due to the capacity to synthesize, store, and release catecholamines as well as their unlimited homogeneous proliferation, and ease of manipulation, pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells were used for PD cell modeling. Commercial low-differentiated and highly-differentiated PC12 cells, and home-made nerve growth factor (NGF) induced low-differentiated PC12 cells (NGF-differentiated PC12 cells) were included in the modeling. This approach achieved sensitive and rapid determination of cellular modeling and intervention states. Notably, among the three cell lines, NGF-differentiated PC12 cells displayed the enhanced neurotransmitter secretion level accompanied with attenuated growth rate, incremental dendrites in number and length that were highly resemble with neurons. Therefore, it was selected as the PD-tailorable modeling cell line. In short, the electrochemical sensor can be used to sensitively determine the biological function of neuron-like PC12 cells with negligible destruction and to explore the protective and regenerative impact of various substances on nerve cell model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the correlation between previous coal mine safety policies and accidents in China. Data on coal mine accidents and government regulatory information from 2008 to 2021 are collected. The characteristics of coal mine accidents are analyzed, and safety policy indexes are identified. An ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model is established to quantitatively analyze the correlation between accidents and safety policy. The study finds that safety policies have some impact on accident occurrence in coal mines. Although there has been a decrease in accidents and deaths over time, higher mortality rates are observed during periods of increased production intensity and on weekends. Gas accidents are the most common, followed by roof and flood accidents. The study concludes that national safety policies with wider coverage and a stronger system are effective in preventing accidents, but caution should be exercised to avoid reduced vigilance with decreasing death rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To prepare high-purity Ti–Si alloys, we newly used vacuum directional solidification technology to purify and separate Ti–Si alloys, which have different compositions (Ti-8.45 wt%Si, Ti-63.7 wt%Si, Ti-71.6 wt%Si, and Ti-84.1%wt%Si). The pulling-down rates in the directional solidification were to be 3 μm/s, 5 μm/s, and 7 μm/s, respectively, to investigate their effects on the purification. The results showed that vacuum directional solidification can purify Ti–Si alloys efficiently without discharging waste acid, slag and gas, and the slower pulling-down rate could result in better purification results. The impurities, Fe, Al, V, and Ni, could be removed due to their segregation behavior on the boundary of the solid and liquid phases. However, the impurities Ca and Mg could be removed using the vacuum technology because their vapor pressures were significantly higher than those of Si and Ti. TiSi 2 could be precipitated and separated from the Ti-63.7 wt%Si and Ti-71.6 wt%Si alloys. The precipitated TiSi 2 could be agglomerated at the bottom of the Ti–Si alloys, under the effect of gravity. The phases in the Ti–Si alloys, after vacuum directional solidification, were observed and determined using an electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). The results showed that the eutectic Ti-8.45 wt%Si alloy consisted of Ti 5 Si 3 and Ti, the Ti-63.7 wt%Si and Ti-71.6 wt%Si alloys consisted of TiSi 2 and eutectic Si–Ti alloy at the Si-rich side, and the Ti-84.1 wt%Si alloy consisted of Si particles and eutectic Si–Ti alloy at the Si-rich side. The study shows that vacuum directional solidification is an efficient and clean technology for the purification of Ti–Si alloys, and for the preparation of TiSi 2 through the separation of Ti–Si alloys. • An efficient approach to eliminate the main impurities in Ti–Si alloys. • No waste slag, acid, and gas were discharged in the process of purification or separation. • Vacuum directional solidification was newly employed to prepare high-purity Ti–Si alloy. • TiSi 2 was prepared directly through the separation of Ti–Si alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the flame-retardant effect and thermal behaviour of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF), the flame retardancy of sodium alginate (SA), aluminium diethyl phosphite (ADPO2) and expandable graphite (EG) were proposed. First, the structures of RPUF with or without flame retardancy were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the combustion behaviours and thermal performance of the flame-retardant polyurethane were evaluated through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI) tests, and UL-94 tests. Finally, the cone calorimeter results reveled the RPUF/5ADPO2/7.5SA/7.5EG exhibit excellent thermodynamic properties. The results of the heat release rate (HRR), total heat release (THR), total smoke production (TSP), and smoke production rate (SPR) could demonstrate the smoke-suppressant and flame-retardant of polyurethane. The system of RPUF/ADPO2/SA/EG showed excellent flame-retardant in polyurethane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method to utilize complex low-grade metal resources cleanly is necessary for the sustainable development of resources and the environment. Si is a widely consumed material in the semiconductor and photovoltaic industries; however, its purity must be upgraded for specific uses. In this study, inexpensive low-purity Si (∼99.32%) was employed as a metal getter to clean accumulated low-grade metal resources by extracting valuable elements from the low-grade resources and to make the manufacture of high-purity Si (∼99.99%) possible. Two common low-grade metal resources were employed in the study as examples: 1) a Ti-bearing blast furnace slag containing Ti and V and 2) a spent automotive catalyst containing Zr, rare-earth elements (Ce, Nd, and La) and platinum group metals (Pt, Pd, and Rh). First, the valuable elements were extracted from the low-grade metal resources using Si to prepare the Si–valuable-element alloy. The extraction process released no carbon gas, because Si acted as both a reductant and a metal getter. Then, the extracted valuable elements were observed to concentrate at the grain boundaries of Si crystals during the solidification process. Finally, the concentrated valuable elements were completely discharged into lixiviants with a minor loss of the Si matrix, i.e., the concentrated valuable elements could be completely separated from the Si matrix through acid leaching. The purity of the Si matrix was significantly enhanced after acid leaching, and high-purity Si was prepared. The high-purity Si, an important high-value byproduct, can be utilized in the semiconductor and photovoltaic industries after further purification or recycled again as a metal getter to treat low-grade metal resources repetitively. This new approach is a promising method for the large-scale treatment of other complex low-grade metal resources. • It is the first time to employ Si as metal getter to treat the spent automotive catalyst. • A new approach to recycle Ti from the blast furnace slag by separating Si and Ti in the Si–Ti alloy. • Most of the metal getter, Si, could be recycled and repeatedly employed. • High-purity of Si could be prepared simultaneously as high-value byproducts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new facile of flame retardant with a good flame-retardant effect is developed. • Aluminum diethylphosphate (ADPO 2) and expandable graphite (EG) are applied into PU. • Different proportions of ADPO 2 and EG affect the flame retardant effect. • ADPO 2 and EG exhibited synergistic effect on flame retardancy and thermal behavior. In this work, aluminum diethylphosphite (ADPO 2) and expandable graphite (EG) exhibited synergistic effect and were introduced into polyurethane to improve the flame retardancy and thermal behavior. The structures were confirmed more denser than when added into either of the two. Additionally, the thermal performance and combustion behaviors of flame-retardant polyurethane were evaluated that when the ratio of ADPO 2 to EG was 1:2, the flame-retardant performance was better than that achieved at a ratio of 2:1; Finally, the thermodynamic properties could demonstrate that when the ADPO 2 -to-EG ratio was 1:2 (ADPO 2 5g and EG10g), the heat release rate (HRR) was 125 kW/m2, the lowest of all values, and was nearly half of the value without adding flame retardants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zhao, Z. and Lei, Y., 2020. Mechanism analysis of uncovering coal in crosscut and gas outburst based on Flac3D. In: Yang, Y.; Mi, C.; Zhao, L., and Lam, S. (eds.), Global Topics and New Trends in Coastal Research: Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 103, pp. 333–338. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Gas outbursts occur frequently in the process of uncovering coal in crosscut, so it is of great significance to study the outburst conditions of coal and gas in the process of tunneling. By establishing the model of these gas outbursts, we can obtain the function of the thickness of stone gate, gas pressure and gas outburst. With or without high pressure gas, the impact of high pressure gas during gas bursts is analyzed through the numerical simulation method. Based on the velocity, displacement, maximum principal stress and time curve of coal and rock interface in the center of roadway under two kinds of working conditions, the main conditions of gas bursts have been successfully verified. According to the results, in coal and gas outbursts, necessary conditions include the plastic zone penetration caused by high pressure gas storage and excavation disturbance, while sufficient conditions include the mutation of velocity field, displacement field and stress field in plastic zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fe 3 O 4 @ZnO-RGO (RGO: reduced graphene oxide) composite with magnetic separation was firstly obtained using the low-temperature hydrothermal method. Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles with an average size of 200 nm were coated by a ZnO layer about 50 nm thick, forming the unique Fe 3 O 4 @ZnO nanospheres, and then loaded on the RGO surface. The structure, morphology and photocatalytic properties of as-synthesized Fe 3 O 4 @ZnO-RGO were analyzed using the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–vis diffusive reflectance spectra, and Photo-luminescence spectra (PL). Compared with the pure ZnO and Fe 3 O 4 @ZnO nanoparticles, Fe 3 O 4 @ZnO-RGO has a wider adsorption range for methylene blue (MB) in visible light, and good photocatalytic activity and cyclic stability. Also, the unique structural characteristics of Fe 3 O 4 @ZnO-RGO enabled the separation of electron-hole pairs, which lead to its enhanced photocatalytic properties. These attractive properties make Fe 3 O 4 @ZnO-RGO nanocomposite expect to be a photocatalyst with great potential in water pollutants treatment. • A magnetically separable Fe 3 O 4 @ZnO-RGO photocatalyst was firstly synthesized by low-temperature hydrothermal method. • The combination of Fe 3 O 4 and ZnO with RGO leads to a high visible-light catalyst active for degradation of methylene blue. • The reinforce in visible-light catalytic activity can owe to the strong photon-generated carrier separation ability. • The composite catalyst is easily recycled due to its magnetic separability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellular internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) is important for cap-independent translational initiation during stress and pathology. In article number 1900180, Lei-Yun Wang et al. propose an idea to discover IRES based on the latest high-throughput technologies, hence facilitating the understanding of IRES in disease development and treatment. [Extracted from the article]

A magnetic heterogeneous α‐Fe2O3/CdS‐RGO (RGO: reduced graphene oxide) composite photocatalyst was synthesized using the one‐step hydrothermal method. The α‐Fe2O3 and CdS nanoparticles with a diameter range of 20~60 nm were synchronously loaded/distributed on the surface of RGO. The as‐synthesized α‐Fe2O3/CdS‐RGO nanocomposites were analyzed using X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform‐infrared spectra, BET surface area, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, UV–Vis diffusive reflectance spectra and Raman spectroscopy. Compared with the pure CdS, α‐Fe2O3 and α‐Fe2O3/CdS nanoparticles, the α‐Fe2O3/CdS‐RGO nanocomposites expanded the adsorption range of visible‐light, and showed significant photocatalytic performance and cyclic stability for degradation of methylene blue in visible light. Also, the remarkable catalytic performances mainly depend on its special structure of the α‐Fe2O3/CdS‐RGO, which enabled the effective separation of the electron–hole pairs. These attractive features make the α‐Fe2O3/CdS‐RGO nanocomposite to be a photocatalyst with great application potential in water pollutants treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]