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In this article, we investigate the boundary blow-up problem Δ∞hu=f(x,u),inΩ,u=∞,on∂Ω,\left\{\begin{array}{ll}{\Delta }_{\infty }^{h}u=f\left(x,u),& {\rm{in}}\hspace{0.33em}\Omega ,\\ u=\infty ,& {\rm{on}}\hspace{0.33em}\partial \Omega ,\end{array}\right. where Δ∞hu=∣Du∣h−3⟨D2uDu,Du⟩{\Delta }_{\infty }^{h}u=| Du\hspace{-0.25em}{| }^{h-3}\langle {D}^{2}uDu,Du\rangle is the highly degenerate operator related to infinity Laplacian which comes from the absolutely minimizing Lipschitz extension and has a close relationship with the random game named tug-of-war. When the function ff satisfies the Keller-Osserman-type condition, we establish the existence of the boundary blow-up viscosity solution. Moreover, for the separable case f(x,u)=b(x)g(u)f\left(x,u)=b\left(x)g\left(u), we establish the asymptotic estimate of the blow-up solution near the boundary under some regular conditions of the domain. Based on the asymptotic estimate and comparison principle, we obtain the uniqueness of the large viscosity solution. During this procedure, we also study the non-existence of the large solution. For the separable case, we show that the Keller-Osserman-type condition is sufficient and necessary for the existence of the boundary blow-up viscosity solution.

Chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) and its chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5) both play significant roles in the tumor microenvironment (TME). CXCL13 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has recently been found to have significant diagnostic and prognostic value in primary and secondary central nervous system (CNS) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and the CXCL13-CXCR5 axis has been shown to play an important chemotactic role in the TME of CNS-DLBCL. In this review, we first describe the clinical value of CXCL13 in CSF as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for CNS-DLBCL. In addition, this review also discusses the specific mechanisms associated with the CXCL13-CXCR5 axis in tumor immunity of primary diffuse large B cell lymphoma of the central nervous system (PCNS-DLBCL) by reviewing the specific mechanisms of this axis in the immune microenvironment of DLBCL and CNS inflammation, as well as the prospects for the use of CXCL13-CXCR5 axis in immunotherapy in PCNS-DLBCL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of ball milling on the physicochemical, functional, and emulsification characteristics of Polygonatum sibiricum insoluble dietary fiber (PIDF) were investigated. Through controlling milling time (4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 h), five PIDFs (PIDF-1, PIDF-2, PIDF-3, PIDF-4, and PIDF-5) were obtained. The results showed that ball milling effectively decreased the particle size and increased the zeta-potential of PIDF. Scanning electron microscope results revealed that PIDF-5 has a coarser microstructure. All PIDF samples had similar FTIR and XRD spectra. The functional properties of PIDF were all improved to varying degrees after ball milling. PIDF-3 had the highest water-holding capacity (5.12 g/g), oil-holding capacity (2.83 g/g), water-swelling capacity (3.83 mL/g), total phenol (8.12 mg/g), and total flavonoid (1.91 mg/g). PIDF-4 had the highest ion exchange capacity. Fat and glucose adsorption capacity were enhanced with ball milling time prolongation. PIDF-5 exhibited a contact angle of 88.7° and lower dynamic interfacial tension. Rheological results showed that PIDF-based emulsions had shear thinning and gel-like properties. PE-PIDF-5 emulsion had the smallest particle size and the highest zeta-potential value. PE-PIDF-5 was stable at pH 7 and high temperature. The findings of this study are of great significance to guide the utilization of the by-products of Polygonatum sibiricum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although numerous studies have emphasized the male predominance in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), how sex differences are related to the topological organization of functional networks remains unclear. This study utilized imaging data from 86 ASD (43 females, aged 7–18 years) and 86 typically developing controls (TCs) (43 females, aged 7–18 years) obtained from Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange databases, constructed individual whole‐brain functional networks, used a graph theory analysis to compute topological metrics, and assessed sex‐related differences in topological metrics using a 2 × 2 factorial design. At the global level, females with ASD exhibited significantly higher cluster coefficient and local efficiency than female TCs, while no significant difference was observed between males with ASD and male TCs. Meanwhile, the neurotypical sex differences in cluster coefficient and local efficiency observed in TCs were not present in ASD. At the nodal level, ASD exhibited abnormal nodal centrality in the left middle temporal gyrus. Lay Summary: In this study, we focused on sex‐related alterations in the topological organization of functional networks in ASD and found greater differences between ASD and TCs in females than in males, consistent with the female protective effect hypothesis. Furthermore, the lack of neurotypical sex differences in ASD suggested that the processes of typical neural sex differentiation might be disturbed in ASD. These findings offer a fresh perspective on the sex differences of ASD at the large‐scale network level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disulphide bonds and sulphhydryl concentrations were evaluated to determine the effects on rheological, thermodynamic, pasting, and dynamic rheological characteristics of mixed flours. Gluten samples, first treated with sodium sulphite of different concentrations, were added into flour at a 4% level, which had a significant impact on free sulphhydryl, disulphide bonds, and the ratio of the two indices. There was no relevance between the ratio and other parameters except for free sulphhydryl. The mixed flour doughs had reduced water absorption, dough development time, dough stability time as well as degree of weakening (P < 0.05). Disulphide bonds were associated negatively with the rate of starch gelatinisation (C3-C2), peak, and setback and these characteristics were correlated strongly with dough development time, dough stability time, and progressive protein weakening (C2-C1). The stability of starch gelatinisation and cooking stability of mixed flours did not remain significantly different. The larger the concentration of sodium sulphite, the higher the peak, breakdown, final viscosity, and setback values, but there were no significant differences between samples. For all samples, storage modulus and loss modulus increased with increasing scanning frequency. For mixed doughs, the trend lines of moduli decreased with increasing levels of reduction in added gluten. There was no substantial effect on thermal properties of flours.

To explore immune cell infiltration and PDL1 expression in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), we performed immunohistochemical staining on paraffin-embedded tumor tissues from 34 patients diagnosed with PCNSL. CD8 and CD163 positive cells were manually counted, and PDL1 expression was quantified by the H-score scoring method in the tumor center and around the tumor. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to analyze the prognostic value of the TME. We found obvious infiltration of CD8+ CTLs and CD163+ TAMs in the TME of PCNSL patients. And PDL1 was expressed in the tumor center as well as around the tumor. Survival analysis showed that high CD8+ CTLs levels and high intratumoral PDL1 expression were significantly correlated with longer OS. High CD8+ CTLs and CD163+ TAMs levels were associated with longer PFS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a poor prognosis due to the absence of effective therapeutic targets. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family are expressed in 30–60% of TNBC, therefore providing potential therapeutic targets for TNBC. Aflibercept (Abe), a humanized recombinant fusion protein specifically bound to VEGF-A, B and placental growth factor (PIGF), has proven to be effective in the treatment in some cancers. Therefore, 89Zr/177Lu-labeled Abe was investigated for its theranostic role in TNBC. Methods: Abe was radiolabeled with 89Zr and 177Lu via the conjugation of chelators. Flow cytometry and cell immunofluorescent staining were performed to evaluate the binding affinity of Abe. Sequential PET imaging and fluorescent imaging were conducted in TNBC tumor bearing mice following the injection of 89Zr-labeled Abe and Cy5.5-labeled Abe. Treatment study was performed after the administration of 177Lu-labeled Abe. Tumor volume and survival were monitored and SPECT imaging and biodistribution studies were conducted. Safety evaluation was performed including body weight, blood cell measurement, and hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) staining of major organs. Expression of VEGF and CD31 was tested by immunohistochemical staining. Dosimetry was estimated using the OLINDA software. Results: FITC-labeled Abe showed a strong binding affinity to VEGF in TNBC 4T1 cells and HUVECs by flow cytometry and cell immunofluorescence. Tumor uptake of 89Zr-labeled Abe peaked at 120 h (SUVmax = 3.2 ± 0.64) and persisted before 168 h (SUVmax = 2.54 ± 0.42). The fluorescence intensity of the Cy5.5-labeled Abe group surpassed that of the Cy5.5-labeled IgG group, implying that Cy5.5-labeled Abe is a viable candidate monitoring in vivo tumor targeting and localization. 177Lu-labeled Abe (11.1 MBq) served well as the therapeutic component to suppress tumor growth with standardized tumor volume at 16 days, significantly smaller than PBS group (about 815.66 ± 3.58% vs 3646.52 ± 11.10%, n = 5, P < 0.01). Moreover, SPECT images confirmed high contrast between tumors and normal organs, indicating selective tumor uptake of 177Lu-labeled Abe. No discernible abnormalities in blood cells, and no evident histopathological abnormality observed in liver, spleen, and kidney. Immunohistochemical staining showed that 177Lu-labeled Abe effectively inhibited the expression of VEGF and CD31 of tumor, suggesting that angiogenesis may be suppressed by 177Lu-labeled Abe. The whole-body effective dose for an adult human was estimated to be 0.16 mSv/MBq. Conclusion: 89Zr/177Lu-labeled Abe could be a TNBC-specific marker with diagnostic value and provide insights into targeted therapy in the treatment of TNBC. Further clinical evaluation and translation may be of high significance for TNBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the role of missed nursing care in mediating the relationship between career calling and intention to leave among nurses. Introduction: Increasing nurse turnover is still a major concern in the global healthcare system. The most reliable indicator of turnover is turnover intention. It is crucial to understand its affecting elements to suggest measures to lower nurses' turnover intention. Background: Turnover intention has been linked to career calling and missed nursing care. Little empirical research has investigated the possibility that missed nursing care mediates between career calling and turnover intention. Methods: A cross‐sectional survey of 347 nurses was conducted. The survey instruments included the General Information Questionnaire, Calling Scale, Missed Nursing Care Scale and Turnover Intention Questionnaire. Structural equation models were used to build the model. This study made use of the STROBE checklist. Results: For 43.8% of nurses, turnover intention was high or very high. Missed nursing care and turnover intention were negatively correlated with career calling. Missed nursing care and turnover intention were positively related. Missed nursing care mediated the relationship between career calling and turnover intention. Discussion: Career calling and missed nursing care can both influence turnover intention. Career calling can reduce the likelihood of turnover by preventing missed nursing care. Conclusion: Missed nursing care mediated the relationship between career calling and intention to leave. Implications for nursing and nursing policy: Nursing managers should improve nurses' career calling through professional education and minimize missed nursing care by using electronic nursing reminder devices to reduce turnover intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]