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Cystoderma comprises the species with heavily universal veil remnants on basidiomes, weakly to strongly amyloid basidiospores, evanescent floccose-scaly ring zone or persistent membranous ring, which were often encountered in forests and grassland. However, they were less studied than other mushroom groups mainly because of its unclearly phylogenetic position. In this study, we gathered 16 specimens from Southwest and Northwest China, where were the richest biodiversity areas in China, and produced their ITS and nrLSU sequences. The related morphological examinations and molecular phylogenetic analysis showed they belonged to eight species, of which four were new species, and named as Cystoderma lilaceum, C. pseudoamianthinum, C. rugosolateritium, C. subglobisporum, and of which two were new records from China, and they were C. granosum, C. subvinaceum. New species and new records were described in details and discussed with other species. This study not only showed the novel geographical distributions as well as high species diversity of Cystoderma in China, but also provided more research data for the further studies in mushrooms systematics.

This article explores the identification of inflammatory biomarkers for the prognosis of skin melanoma (SKME). The study integrates various datasets and employs statistical methods to evaluate the associations between inflammation-related genes and SKME survival. The researchers identify ABCF1, BIRC3, and MNDA as inflammatory biomarkers that are relevant to SKME prognosis. These biomarkers show correlations with overall survival in SKME patients and have potential implications for monitoring disease progression and developing therapeutic targets. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these biomarkers. [Extracted from the article]

Russula is the largest genus in the Russulales and is widespread throughout the world. Almost all Russula species are known to be ectomycorrhizal with high ecological and edible values, and some are lethal poisonous. In this study, four new species belonging to the subgenus Russula crown clade are identified based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence from the Xizang Autonomous Region and other provinces of China. Morphologically, Russula paragraveolens (sect. Polychromae, subsect. Xerampelinae) is mainly characterised by a cherry red to blood red pileus centre, a reddish orange pileus margin; R. pseudograveolens (sect. Polychromae, subsect. Xerampelinae) is characterised by a violet brown to brownish red pileus centre, a pale red to pastel red pileus margin and short basidia; R. shigatseensis (sect. Flavisiccantes, subsect. Lepidinae) is characterised by a brownish orange to madder red pileus centre, pinkish red pileus margin, and having lateral branches or branches of hyphal terminations in pileipellis; R. yadongensis (sect. Tenellae, subsect. Laricinae) is characterised by a dark purplish red pileus centre with brownish purple tints and having isolated to clustered spines of spore ornamentations. Their distinct taxonomic status is confirmed by the positions of the four new species in both the ITS and 4-locus (nucLSU, mtSSU, rpb2, tef1) phylogenetic trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of a facile and reliable assay for arsenic (As) detection is crucial for its pollution control, which is a well-known heavy-metal pollutant in the environment. In this work, an efficient colorimetric method was established for As(V) detection based on a novel cuboid-shape Mn-Urea nanozyme (UMnzyme) with arsenic-enhanced oxidase-like activity. The UMnzyme was prepared through the coordination of Mn ions and carbonyl groups in urea, which possesses outstanding oxidase-like activity that can generate the superoxide anion free radical (O2˙−) by catalyzing the dissolved O2, triggering the 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) chromogenic reaction. Furthermore, the free oxygen atoms in UMnzyme provide potential sites to bind with As, in which the formation of As–O will not destroy the morphology and structure of UMnzyme. The capture of As by UMnzyme results in the improvement of its oxidase-like activity; therefore, a colorimetric method for As(V) detection was developed with a linear range of 12.5–250 μg L−1. The limit of detection was determined to be 2.4 μg L−1 (S/N = 3), which is lower than the threshold (10 ppb) recommended by the World Health Organization. Moreover, the developed method was applied in the detection of As(V) in environmental water, and the recoveries are 89.5–103.6%. In short, this study provides an efficient and reliable strategy for As(V) detection based on a novel Mn-based nanozyme and a new idea for the reasonable design of Mn-based nanozymes with enhanced catalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with accurately directional and well‐ordered channels are considered ideal solid‐state Li‐ion conductors and are expected to be utilized in solid‐state lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries to achieve rechargeable batteries with high energy density. However, the instability of MOFs toward air and lithium metal has become a crucial problem to overcome. Herein, a breakthrough is first realized in overcoming these challenges by utilizing cationic MOF (CMOF) as an advanced Li‐ion conductor. Benefiting from the positively charged sites in the CMOF, an outstanding Li+ conductivity of 6.45 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature, a low activation energy of 0.15 eV, and a high transference number of 0.59 are achieved. In particular, the CMOF shows high flame retardancy, H2O, and O2− stability, which are key factors that affect the battery performance of Li–O2 batteries. Such extraordinary Li+ transport makes the assembled solid‐state Li–O2 battery cycle up to 790 h with a low overpotential of 1.09 V. The proposed novel directional modification strategy is of great significance to developing high‐performance SSEs for solid‐state Li–O2 batteries and other lithium batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rechargeable lithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs) are considered to be one of the most promising energy storage systems. However, the use of reactive lithium (Li) metal and the formation of Li dendrites during battery operation would lead to serious safety concerns, especially when flammable liquid electrolytes are utilized. Herein, superior metal–organic framework (MOF) glass‐based solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) is developed for stable all‐solid‐state LOBs (SSLOBs). These non‐flammable and boundary‐free MOF glass SSEs are capable of suppressing the dendrite growth and exhibiting long‐term Li stripping/plating stability, contributing to superior Li+ conductivity (5 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 20 °C), high Li+ transference number (0.86), and good electrochemical stability. It is discovered that discharge product deposition behavior in the solid‐solid interface can be well regulated by the ion/electron mixed conducted cathode fabricated with MOF glass SSEs and electronic conductive polymers. As a result, the SSLOBs can be stably recharged for 400 cycles with a low polarization gap and deliver a high capacity of 13552 mAh g−1. The development of this proposed MOF glass displays great application potential in energy storage systems with good safety and high energy density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]