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Summary: In this study, sesame hull oil (SHO) was extracted to characterise its composition. SHO was heated to determine the volatiles and their effect on the quality of cold‐pressed dehulled sesame oil (SO). Seventeen fatty acids, four lignans (1088.65 mg/100 g), tocopherols (284.17 mg/100 g) mainly in the γ‐form, and sterol (1722.16 mg/100 g, 4.67 times more than in sesame kernel oil) were detected in SHO. After heating, the volatiles found in SHO were mainly aldehydes and acids, represented by hexanal (fatty, green aroma) and 3‐methyl‐butanoic acid (fatty, rancid aroma), respectively. The acid value, peroxide value, anisidine value, and turbidity of SO increased significantly after adding SHO, and the scavenging ability of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was enhanced. The oxidation induction times of SO with the addition of SHO ranged from 8.93 to 9.53 h. The present study provides information about SHO and a new direction for the utilisation of sesame hulls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Requirements for the cockpit of military vehicles are constantly increasing as a result of escalating threats. The traditional transparent bulletproof armor based on glass have been unsatisfactory to relevant application requirements, and lighter and thinner transparent armor based on ceramics is becoming main option. Similar to other bulletproof armor, the main research fields of transparent bulletproof armor include:seek materials with higher performance for armor components; guide the structure design and ballistic test by experiment or computer simulation; understand the main performance of armor materials, the holistic performance of the armor system and the interaction between the components of the whole system more deeply. Based on this notion, the advantages and disadvantages, preparation technology, development, and application situation of the three kinds of ceramic materials commonly used in transparent armor were summarized. Among the three kinds of ceramics, sapphire has the best static parameters. As for the actual effect of bulletproof, the polycrystalline ceramics are better. The main reason for this phenomenon is that the different fragmentation modes of the two kinds of ceramics lead to the difference of projectile-target interaction effect. After that, the crack growth under high strain rate and bullet-proof property of single crystal, polycrystalline ceramics and glass were discussed. Under uniaxial, high strain rate compression, the crack propagation characteristics of materials are sensitive to impact energy/velocity. Polycrystalline ceramics has a composite failure mode of intergranular fracture and intragranular fracture. Under high energy impact, the damage zone of sapphire is similar to polycrystalline ceramics. Lower than critical energy, some sapphire plate orientations damage would be dominated. Finally, the material selection standards and structural design principles of each functional layer were summarized and prospected. Fine grain polycrystalline ceramic materials with high Young's modulus and high hardness are preferred for the strike-layer. Materials with good fracture toughness, high bending stiffness and the ability to localization of the damage within a narrow region should be selected for the intermediate layer. The materials of backing layer require ductility and low density. The bulletproof efficiency of the transparent-armor systems depends on the type and the degree of interaction/integration of different functional layers.

The surface damage resistance of chemically strengthened aluminosilicate glass is very important. The surface hardness and modulus are closely related to the damage resistance of glass. The micromechanical behaviors such as surface hardness and modulus of chemically strengthened aluminosilicate glass were analyzed by finite element method, and compared with the results of nanoindentation experiment. The results show that the load displacement curve of nanoindentation calculated by finite element method is in good agreement with the experimental results. According to the load displacement curve obtained by finite element simulation, Oliver and Pharr method was used to calculate the hardness and Young’s modulus. The calculated results are very close to the experimental values. The relationship between the yield strength of aluminosilicate glass and the stress-strain in the plastic region calculated by Larsson’s plastic formula is used in the simulation process. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which indicates that the accuracy of the plastic parameters of aluminosilicate glass obtained by Larsson’s plastic formula is high. Finally, according to the stress distribution obtained by finite element simulation, the elastic-plastic deformation behavior of aluminosilicate glass before and after chemical strengthening was analyzed. The results show that the surface compressive stress layer produced by chemical strengthening has more influence on the elastic zone of aluminosilicate glass, but has less influence on the plastic zone.

Soda lime/aluminosilicate glass is widely used in commercial and national defense industries due to its excellent physical properties such as high strength and high hardness. Fatigue fracture is one of the main failure modes of glass. Investigating the fatigue behavior is of great importance to its processing, life prediction and failure prevention. In this paper,the fundamental and experimental methods of static fatigue and dynamic fatigue of soda lime/aluminosilicate glass were reviewed.The conclusions obtained by comparing the fatigue behavior of soda lime silicate and aluminosilicate glass demonstrate that the threshold load for radial crack initiation of raw soda lime silicate glass is much lower than raw aluminosilicate glass, the threshold load for radial crack initiation of chemically strengthened soda lime/aluminosilicate glass is increased with the surface compressive stress; the crack growth rate of raw soda lime/aluminosilicate glass increase with fictive temperature and this phenomena is more evident in aluminosilicate glass; the raw soda lime/aluminosilicate glass shows a loading rate-dependent strength while the chemically strengthened aluminosilicate glass does not. Consequently, the effect of different stress state and environment atmosphere on the behavior of static fatigue and dynamic fatigue of static fatigue and dynamic fatigue is an important issue to be studied.

Metabolic reprogramming contributes to the progression and prognosis of various kidney diseases. Glutamine is the most abundant free amino acid in the body and participates in more metabolic processes than other amino acids. Altered glutamine metabolism is a prominent feature in different kidney diseases. Glutaminolysis converts glutamine into the TCA cycle metabolite, alpha-ketoglutarate, via a cascade of enzymatic reactions. This metabolic pathway plays pivotal roles in inflammation, maladaptive repair, cell survival and proliferation, redox homeostasis, and immune regulation. Given the crucial role of glutaminolysis in bioenergetics and anaplerotic fluxes in kidney pathogenesis, studies on this cascade could provide a better understanding of kidney diseases, thus inspiring the development of potential methods for targeted therapy. Emerging evidence has shown that targeting glutaminolysis is a promising therapeutic strategy for ameliorating kidney disease. In this narrative review, equation including keywords related to glutamine, glutaminolysis and kidney are subjected to an exhaustive search on Pubmed database, we identified all relevant articles published before 1 April, 2024. Afterwards, we summarize the regulation of glutaminolysis in major kidney diseases and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, we highlight therapeutic strategies targeting glutaminolysis and their potential clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a numerical approach for the fractional-order Rössler chaotic systems and gives error analysis. The effectiveness of the present method is determined by comparing the numerical results of the high-precision difference scheme and predictor-correctors scheme. Some complex dynamical behaviors for the fractional-order Rössler chaotic systems are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photothermal conversion materials can effectively improve the utilization and conversion rate of full-spectrum sunlight, which has aroused wide attention of researchers at home and abroad. In this paper, the types and research progress of photothermal conversion materials mainly studied in recent years were reviewed. The methods of increasing the solar steam generation efficiency by using photothermal conversion materials were analyzed. The optimization design model of solar steam generation system was introduced, and the role of low conductive matrix materials in the system was emphasized. Finally, the application prospects of photothermal conversion materials in the field of seawater desalination were prospected, and what was pointed out is that in-depth exploration of the physical mechanism and large-scale preparation of photothermal conversion materials will become important for the future.