Search

With increased heat control requirements for high-heat-flux products in a narrow heat dissipation space, the ultra-thin micro-heat pipe (MHP) with high heat transfer performance has become an ideal heat dissipation component. In this study, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is used to conduct three-dimensional modeling based on the geometric structure characteristics of an ultra-thin MHP. The capillary pressure of the sintered wick is represented by the modified parameter, and a simple and valuable heat and mass transfer model of the ultra-thin MHP is established by fitting the real experimental data through parameter modification. The flow situation of the working medium inside the ultra-thin MHP is analyzed based on the abovementioned parameters. The results show that when the modified parameter is α = 1.5, the temperature equalization requirements of the ultra-thin MHP can be met to the best degree. Moreover, with an increase in heating power, the error value between the surface temperature data of the model and the experimental data of the ultra-thin MHP sample decreases. Under different heating powers, the working medium inside the ultra-thin MHP has the same flow trend. In addition, a 40% increase in temperature difference is found at the junction of the heating section and the adiabatic section, leading to a fluctuation in the temperature gradient on the heat pipe surface. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the model establishment, heat and mass transfer performance investigation, and parameter optimization of ultra-thin MHPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep caverns are frequently subjected to transient loading, resulting in different failure characteristics in the surrounding rock compared to those in shallow caverns. Previous research has rarely focused on the transient responses of non-circular caverns. To address this gap, a theoretical solution for the dynamic stress concentration factor around a U-shaped cavern under transient stress waves was derived based on elasto-dynamic theory and conformal mapping. The theoretical results were validated through simulations using the discrete element software PFC2D 7.0 (Particle Flow Code in two dimensions). Additionally, the energy evolution and failure pattern of the surrounding rock under coupled static–dynamic loading were investigated. The results indicated that, when the stress wave was horizontally incident, rockburst failure was more likely to be observed in the cavern floor, while dynamic tensile failure was prone to occur in the incident sidewall. Furthermore, when the incident direction of the stress wave aligned with the maximum principal stress, more violent rockburst occurred. Moreover, when the rising time of the stress wave was greater than 6.0 ms, the peak dynamic stress concentration factor converged to a stable value, and the surrounding rock could be considered to be in a quasi-static loading state. These findings provide insight into the failure mechanisms of deep caverns and could guide the design of cavern supporting structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]