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The article presents a mathematical model and methodology for thermo-technical calculations of buried multilayer oil pipelines and the results of the construction of a mathematical model in a three-dimensional graphic editor. The authors study a section of the existing oil pipeline, running under severe geological conditions. A method for thermal processes calculation and the main results of calculations for this section of the pipeline are proposed, and thawing halos of permafrost soil are modeled on the basis of the mathematical model. The simulation was carried out using several options of insulating material with a constant internal diameter of the pipeline and the pumping mode, in the universal software system of finite element modeling (ANSYS) and a special module developed by the authors for TPS thermo- technical calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the options for using different types of seals in low-speed long-stroke piston units. The deformations calculated values for the cylindrical part of the working chamber and the current value of the actual gaps for various cylinder-piston seals were determined. Based on the established minimum value of volumetric efficiency and isothermal efficiency indicator as well as on the maximum temperature, we have analyzed workflow stage air piston stroke of the compressor unit and made recommendations for the application of the considered types of seals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Application of the traditional centralized approach to construction of automated optimal control systems for complex industrial facilities is often difficult due to the high dimensionality and complexity of the emerging control problems. Such industrial facilities, in particular, can include technological processes of finished products and production complexes of the petrochemical and oil and gas industry. One of the effective ways to eliminate these difficulties can be the use of decentralized control systems with a multi-level hierarchical structural organization. The mathematical basis of decentralized hierarchical control is formed by the methods of optimal control problems decomposition. One of the most effective and promising method for practical use in this class is the feasible decomposition method. This method is distinctive for its obvious operating principle and visual physical interpretation. However, it is developed only at the conceptual level, and it is difficult to apply it in practice, since there are no specific implementation mechanisms, in particular, algorithms for working interaction between the coordinating body and local control systems. In the paper a possible approach to the elimination of this problem is presented. The findings of the experimental study confirm the validity and effectiveness of this approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Control of water content in oil is a necessary operation in the process of its production, transportation and refining. The article considers the possibility of using impedance spectroscopy based on an electrochemical cell with interdigitated microelectrodes to control the water content in an oil emulsion. The impedance of the electrochemical cell containing the oil emulsion is simulated using the equivalent electrical circuit method. The frequency dependences of the electrochemical impedance for different water content in the oil emulsion are investigated. The presence of water leads to a significant change in the impedance of the oil emulsion, that is important information in controlling fractions in it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is established that increasing the receiving rolls rate of rotation in the extrusion machine leads to an increase in draw ratio of the tube from 7.2 to 12.4. Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), it was found that a similar increase in the longitudinal draw ratio leads to an increase in the content of large and medium crystal sizes and a significant decrease in the number of small crystals. It allows to get LDPE films with a thickness of 25 – 50 microns with a strength in 2 – 3 times higher than the strength of standard films. Such films are of perspective use in packaging production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Work focused on the search for new materials with high sensitivity to ammonia, which can be used to control the concentration of the pollutant in the air of the working zone enterprises. Another side of the use of semiconductor materials detectors with high yield gas detection marker is a non-invasive diagnosis. To assess the possible use of these substances was conducted a comprehensive study of bulk and surface properties of the CdS-ZnTe system components. The data obtained are useful for predicting the sensitivity of adsorption of these compounds to ammonia, instead of direct measurements of adsorption, which significantly reduces the time and complexity of the experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the example of the analysis of modern engineering solutions, questions of rational design of flange joints of fittings of the pipelines having big technological misalignments are considered. It is shown that flange joints in many cases define operability of control valves of pipeline transport. The large amount of metal spent for production of flanges and their responsibility is demanded by applications of rational designs and evidence-based methods of calculation. Exact combination of holes under attachment bolts of pipeline fittings and the pipeline gives the chance to reduce the sizes and to limit bend of spindle of the control device that increases efficiency and reliability of pipeline transport. When designing flange joints, the value of eccentricity must be limited by the admissible size of the arrow deviation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In printed electronics, higher resolution and smaller structures are required, as they directly affect the density of the circuit and its functionality. In this regard, the paper investigates the behavior of the printing element of a flexographic plate under elastic-plastic deformations. The influence of the geometry and pressure in the contact zone on the process of deformation of printing elements is shown, and this allows detecting the effect of printing element deformation on the quality of the printed impression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of the IR spectroscopy for determining the composition of photopolymerized plates is considered in the paper. Samples of plates of various manufacturers currently used by printing companies in Russia are investigated. The absorption band analysis of various polymers that are a product of oil refining is performed. The result of the analysis is the data on the composition and properties of photopolymer printing forms (PPF). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, issues of increasing the efficiency of equipment for oil transportation are considered. The aim of this work is to optimize the control mode for the pumping unit for the transportation of oil refinery. The object of study is an electric drive pumping unit with an induction motor. Mathematical modeling is a research method. The pump unit energy consumption is calculated in various control modes. An optimal criterion for reducing energy consumption is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a research into the possibility of a comprehensive assessment of filtering textile materials retention capacity by the combination of gravimetric and optical characteristics. Images of sample surfaces with different degrees of contamination are given, as well as indicators of retention capacity and optical density for non-woven material, and dependency graphs of optical density on the degree of contamination. The study subject is the optical density of the contaminant layer retained by the textile material during filtration of a gas medium containing solid particles. The samples of non-woven fabric produced by the stitchbonding process type Malifleece (Lenom JSC) are obtained [1-3], the samples being contaminated with technical carbon P-110 (produced by Omsk Carbon Group JSC). The tests are carried out on a laboratory facility. As a part of the study the amount of carbon black is changed, which makes it possible to obtain samples with different amounts of the retained contaminant. The optical density is measured by a spectrophotometer Gretag Macbeth SpectroEye (Germany). It is established that the densitometry method for filtering textile materials can be used to deduce dependences of the optical density on the amount of contaminant retained in them. This allows investigating the mechanism of contaminant absorption until a solid layer (cake) is formed on the surface of the filter material. It is essential in defining the time to clean or replace the filter medium. When using an experimental flax-containing non-woven fabric, cake formation occurred at 9.5 g / m2, which corresponds to an optical density of 1.64. It is shown that it is possible to conduct live monitoring of the filter state by measuring and evaluating the surface optical density of its filter medium by densitometry, and this will significantly simplify the assessment of the current state of the filter and the forecast for its future use. The development of a device to measure the optical density remotely will allow assessing the state of the filter and the need to replace it in hard-to-reach places. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article proposes algorithmic, mathematical complex based on neural networks for the assessment and prediction of the reliability and safety of station equipment using diagnostic data. The paper shows that despite the complexity and multifactor nature of functioning process of main transport energy-mechanical equipment and the distribution of oil, oil products and gas of various types, the reliability of the equipment can be estimated and predicted using the apparatus of neural networks during the operation in various modes. It is noted that a modern automated process control system makes it possible to create an operational data bank in real time at various hierarchical system levels, which can be successfully analyzed using artificial intelligence technologies. The article discusses some aspects for applying the developed methodological complex for specific objects of oil and gas transportation industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problems of estimating the periodicity of engine oil replacement in high-powered internal combustion engines during operation. A principle possible is shown to estimate and predict variations of cleaning motor oil properties based on the analysis of the dynamics of variations in the level of oil in the crankcase of a diesel engine. Theoretical and experimental substantiations are given for the method of diagnosing the cylinder-piston group and engine lubrication system based on the parameters of the volume and viscosity oil in the engine crankcase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information-measuring and control systems are widely used nowadays practically in all branches of modern industry. They allow one to perform continuous monitoring on the main operating parameters of the object, as well as provide a synthesis of control actions to achieve the best performance of the technological process or facility. Therefore, the issues of developing such systems are very important and relevant. The article formulates the basic principles of constructing algorithmic support and software for intelligent information-measuring and control systems based on a variety of operation states. The peculiarities of developing information-measuring and control systems, which are operated in difficult climatic conditions (Arctic region) are considered. The practical approach to the construction of intelligent information control systems, including models, methods and algorithms used in the development of algorithmic support and software is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During experimental, the vibration acceleration of the gear pump casing was measured at the different rotation frequency of the drive gear. The paper represents the correlation of the experimental data on the experimental gear pump vibration level at the teeth reengagement frequency (125 Hz), and the calculated values of the gearing overlap coefficient εα for the same types of pump assemblies. The results reveal that the identified assembly modifications of the experimental gear pump No. 2 and No. 6 have a higher level of vibration at the gear teeth reengagement frequency due to their contact opening at the overlap coefficient εα less than 1 compared to the standard operation modes at εα>1 (assemblies No. 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8). According to the measurement data on the overall level of the vibration velocity, it is possible to monitor the pump operational performance and to identify the defective assemblies of gear pumps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers air filters with a short diffuser for air purification from mechanical impurities. A review of the current level of development in the field of numerical modeling and FEM analysis of filters of various types is performed. Directions are proposed for improving the previously developed methodology for the numerical calculation of the flowing part of air filters with a short diffuser in terms of improving the quality of the mesh and choosing a turbulence model, as well as modeling a filter element. Comparative numerical and experimental researches of air filters with a short diffuser were carried out, based on the results of which the efficiency and working capacity of the proposed improvements were proved. Based on the results of the work performed, the following solutions were introduced into the method of calculation: partitioning the calculation model into a finite element mesh using the y+ function, replacing the k-ω turbulence model with SST, simulating a filter element using the Porous Zone function instead of a perforated grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of research was an opposed reciprocating compressor (RC) providing gas injection into the underground gas storage. Issues concerning implementation of compressor start-up conditions to recirculating line have been considered. As a tool, the compressor-network analysis method is used, which consists in determining the system operating points through matching characteristics of the reciprocating compressor and the network, for which in this case the recirculating line with the control valve is considered. Recommendations have been received to select a control valve type for the reciprocating compressor operating in both single-stage and two-stage modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compressor machines are an integral part of power plants, used in the oil and gas industry, refrigeration and many other industries. Increasing the efficiency of the stage is necessary, especially for centrifugal compressors. The relatively low efficiency of such machines is due to the complexity of the processes taking place in the flow section. For complex tasks solution to increase operation efficiency of the whole stage it is necessary to consider both rotating parts of compressor (impeller) and stationary parts (diffuser, inlet chamber, reverse guide vanes). In operation, the inlet radial chambers of the centrifugal compressor are investigated, which have a significant influence on the operation of the compressor stage. When designing inlet chambers to reduce loss and flow non-uniformity at the compressor impeller inlet, it is important to thoroughly investigate the flow in the flow part in order to improve the efficiency of the stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil is the primary energy source worldwide. Moderate prices for oil and oil products along with large volumes of its production led to quite substantial losses, the consequences of which were pollution of the atmosphere, ground, soil as well as water bodies. The environment components (the atmosphere, surface and groundwater, relief, soil and vegetation cover, wildlife) are most negatively affected during the development and exploitation of oil and gas fields. This paper provides a justification for the need to introduce automatic control systems: oil and oil products bottling on soils and terrain, in the territories of oil production facilities and emissions of pollutants ("greenhouse" gases) on flare systems at the field. The work defines the response time and quantity of oil product bottling before the implementation of the automatic oil bottling control system and after its implementation. The effectiveness of the proposed complex using a sensor cable TT5000-HS on the basis of calculations of oil volumes entering the soil in case of oil leakage during oil pipeline depressurization due to accidents, before and after the introduction of an automatic system of monitoring and time of leak detection has been proved. The qualitative and quantitative composition of emissions of pollutants into the atmospheric air during combustion of APG on a torch at the field for 20 years is calculated. The introduction of an automatic emission control plant for the combustion of associated petroleum gas will make it possible to assess in a timely manner the qualitative and quantitative composition of pollutants emissions into the atmosphere on the flare systems of the deposit, as well as to prevent exceeding the standard indicator of associated petroleum gas combustion, to fulfill the RF legislation requirements and provide control of "greenhouse gases" volume in the world generally. The use of new materials as gas analyzers for carbon monoxide makes such a system unique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of using network technologies in housing and communal services with the development of specific technical solutions is currently a very urgent task. In the information-measuring technologies of the Internet of things, various types of sensors and transducers are used, including acousto-optical sensors [1, 2, 3, 4]. The following main research objectives are considered and substantiated in the article: study of the possibilities of monitoring and remote control of gas supply and control of residential buildings; exploring the possibilities of remote diagnostics of a gas system in a building or object; a comparative analysis of data transfer technologies from gas metering and control devices at consumers to the regulatory body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This publication analyzes the loss of lost profits from downtime during the cessation of oil production due to equipment failure. Purpose of work is to reduce the number of downtime of drilling equipment during oil production and optimize operating costs; to develop a method for predicting changes in the reliability of downhole equipment; to identify and eliminate the reasons for the increase in operating costs when changing technological indicators of well operation. To solve this problem, the random forest machine learning algorithm was used in conjunction with predictive regulation of the wells using a digital double of the field and expert assessment. The implementation of the developed algorithms at oil producing bushes will reduce operating costs for the purchase of electric centrifugal pumps, reduce downtime of mining equipment and increase the life of working pumps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the intelligent autonomous power source designed for a long time maintenance-free operation in the adverse weather conditions. The power supply contains non-renewable and renewable energy sources including solar panels. The operation algorithm of the power supply microcontroller provides charging the accumulator and supercapacitor, connecting the necessary energy source to the regulation circuit of the output voltage and giving the information about the running performance and operation period prediction. The passivation phenomenon of lithium batteries and depassivation algorithms are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction of fountain solutions with a content of 5% and 10% isopropyl alcohol with papers for offset and digital printing on a PDA ultrasonic measuring device is studied. The value t max was found, which characterizes time of the beginning of fiber swelling in the paper structure, which made it possible to set time for calculating the numerical model and simulating beginning of the interaction of fountain solution with paper. Computer simulation was carried out using OpenFoam –Paraview, an open source software package. In OpenFoam package, geometry and a computational grid are constructed for the area of the interaction of solution with rough paper surface, calculations are carried out by the method of liquid volume, including a period of time, that is not recorded by a PDA ultrasound device. Visualization of calculations is presented in the ParaView package. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The applicability of the process modeling to the quality monitoring of the polymer products fabrication at the closed industrial profile is shown exemplified by polymer package manufacturing: from the product idea to the end product recycling. The presented approach allows to reduce threats of the product quality failure at the innovative elements incorporating as well as to increase the results predictability of the production creating, modernization or technical re-equipment stages. The presented visualization of the process modeling shows the tools of the needless connections minimization and synchronize the quality monitoring procedures potentially accompanied with production effectiveness increasing and finally automate the monitoring procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current level of organization in industry, as one of the decisive factors for ensuring their comprehensive efficiency, involves the coverage of technological processes by automated optimal control in stages of completed productions, groups of interconnected productions and production complexes. In these conditions, the use of traditional approaches based on the creation of control systems with a centralized organizational structure is often not effective. One of the most effective and promising in real control tasks is the decomposition method. However, this method is developed and presented in the literature only at the conceptual level, making it difficult to apply it in practice, since specific implementation mechanisms, in particular, algorithms for working interaction between control systems of the upper and lower levels of the hierarchy, have not been worked out. In this paper, this gap is eliminated, giving real opportunities for practical use of the method in decentralized control systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider the possibility of using quartz sensing elements to create sensors for measuring cryogenic temperatures taking into account the main criteria for the development of cryogenic thermometry. They include: increasing the sensitivity and stability of metrological characteristics of sensors, reducing the design parameters and expanding the operational characteristics of sensors, since they are the main elements of electronic temperature stabilization units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of a complex hardening treatment consisting of a preliminary electron-beam irradiation and subsequent thermal oxidation on the microstructure, hardness, and wear resistance of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy parts fabricated by additive manufacturing has been studied. It was shown that the electron beam treatment of the Ti-6Al- 4V samples gave rise to significant increase of surface roughness. The electron-beam treatment ensured decreasing both the size of primary beta grains and α' martensitic lamellae. This structure was characterized by the presence of extended grain boundaries and high density of dislocations. The observed microstructure modification that took place at the electron beam irradiation resulted in increasing the surface layer hardness up to 8 GPa. Thermal air oxidation of the as-built SLM Ti-6Al-4V samples gave rise to the formation of a thin, high-strength oxide surface layer 3 µm thick. The latter ensured the significant increase of their wear resistance. A more pronounced increase in the surface layer hardness as well as the depth of the oxidized layer, and as a result, the wear resistance of the SLM Ti-6Al-4V samples occurred at employing the combined treatment by the proposed regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the effect of ultrasonic impact post-build processing combined with the electrophysical treatment of SLM-manufactured Ti-6Al-4V parts. Selectively laser melted blanks were cut along building direction and subjected to the combined treatment. Both as-received and the treated specimens were investigated using X-ray computer tomography and optical microscopy. Mechanical properties were evaluated under uniaxial tensile tests. The analysis of the experimental data had revealed the effect of post-build treatment on mechanical properties: ultimate tensile strength and elongation at break increased up to 5 % and up to 50 % correspondingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the study of fatigue durability of SLM Ti-6Al-4V specimens after post-build combined Ultrasonic Impact– EelectroPhysical Treatment (UIEPT). It is shown that the highest fatigue performance was characteristic for SLM Ti-6Al-4V specimens treated by the mode 1 (with lower pulse frequency and duration). It was revealed that the conducted combined ultrasonic impact – electrophysical treatment slightly changed the internal structure and microhardness. The modification mostly took place in the surface layers while but the straing and pulsed electric current exposure together gave rise to certain heating as well as variation of bulk material properties. It is suggested that the post-build treatment by the selected rational parameters due to favorable combination of mechanical and electro- physical impacts made it possible to reduce residual stresses. It was shown that the post-build treatment at higher values of electric current pulse frequency and duration did not provide efficient increase of fatigue durability. It suggests that increased energy input during the post-build treatment increased the brittleness and induced excess defects and stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regularities of the microstructure modification in the surface layer of 3D-printed Ti-6Al-4V parts subjected to the Electropulsing Assisted Ultrasonic Impact Treatment (EAUIT) have been studied. It is shown that the EAUIT parameters exerted a significant impact on the surface morphology and microstructure of the 3D-printed Ti-6Al- 4V samples. Metallographic analysis of etched lateral face of the studied samples has been performed. It is shown that the mode 1 EAUIT resulted in structure refinement of a thin surface layer ∼50 µm thick while in the mode 2 EAUIT treated ones the depth of the modified layer had increased up to ∼80 µm. The modes 1 and 2 EAUIT resulted in increasing surface hardness of the SLM samples from 252 to 256 and 300 HV, respectively. The gradient hardening pattern of the surface layer structure in the SLM Ti-6Al-4V samples through measuring the cross-section microhardness distribution was demonstrated. It is suggested that the revealed bulk microhardness increase in the SLM Ti-6Al-4V sample also resulted from its heating during passing the pulsed electric current. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmaceutical rubber stoppers are use in large quantities to seal sterile forms of infusion and injection drugs and as part of vacuum whole blood sampling tubes for in vitro diagnostics. Obtaining reliable data on the qualitative and quantitative content of both soluble and gaseous substances migrating from plugs and accumulating in drugs and vacuum test tubes for whole blood sampling for in vitro diagnostics is necessary, first of all, to assess the potential risk before using them. Organic substances were identified by their greater content in the studied samples of pharmaceutical rubber stoppers based on bromo-butyl rubber (BBK). High-resolution analytical methods were used: electron impact mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography, coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy to identify the unknown and complex composition of substances that migrate and accumulate in sterile forms of drugs. The data obtained show that in the process of obtaining BBK, the components of gasoline used as a solvent are brominated, bromine-hydrocarbons are formed, which remain in the bromo-butyl rubber and pass into plugs. The saturated steam sterilization process acts destructively on the polymer base of the plugs - bromobutyl rubber, the migration of volatile organic compounds and the leaching of components from the rubber compound and from BBK - hydrocarbons characteristic of butyl rubber and bromine hydrocarbons, which are direct carcinogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for producing hydrogen using activated aluminum and water at neutral pH and initial room temperature of the reaction is described. It has been established that the structural features of the input materials (various structural aluminum alloys) fundamentally affect the efficiency of the activation process. In turn, the reactivity of activated products obtained from different initial aluminum materials is also significantly different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surface energy, contact potential difference, and electron work function for highly entropic coatings were first determined in the work. These coatings were applied by the magnetron method in a high vacuum installation. The targets themselves were fabricated by mechanical alloying followed by heat treatment. The measurements were carried out at facilities developed by the authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physicochemical processes of the formation of through channels in heavily doped n-Si (0.01 Ohm · cm) in organic electrolytes of various compositions were studied. The conditions of the formation of multilayer structures consisting of mesoporous and macroporous layers with through channels with diameters of 20-90 nm, thicknesses from 20 to 360 µm and channel density about 1010 cm-2 are considered. Integrated membranes were formed on the obtained structures and their gas transmission was studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To measure the concentration of combustible gases, continuous operation devices based on the thermocatalytic principle have become very widespread. Studies have been carried out on the feasibility of manufacturing a fire and explosion protection device of such a device from a composite material instead of the nickel powder currently used. The porosity of the material and its effect on the strength characteristics are evaluated. A significant decrease in the complexity of manufacturing the product and its cost is shown when the indicators of strength and gas permeability are consistent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wear resistance of steel 15N8G6M3 was studied during its alloying by vanadium, titanium and niobium as a result of surfacing with flux-cored wire. It was established that the average value of the relative mass wear of such a metal is 0.000374 g/m, and the average value of the linear wear is 0.0007876 mm/m. The coefficient of friction after running in decreases from 0.257 to 0.209, and its average value is 0.220. The microhardness of the matrix of such a metal as a result of aging is in the range of 602-620 HV, the microhardness of the eutectic is 648-783 HV and the hardening phases are in the range of 700-1029 HV. It was shown that the steel hardening mechanism of such a system is determined by the compounds of carbides for the most part V0.89Ti0.11C0.5, NbC, and a small amount of Ti6C3.75, Mo2C, intermetallic compounds for the most part Fe2Ti, Ni0.75Mo0.125V0.125, and a small amount of MoNb, Ti0.942Ni0.106, Fe0.08Ti0.092V0.828 and Nb4N2.62 nitride formed as a result of aging. The established complex of dispersed phases released after aging determines the wear resistance of such steel. The flux-cored wire based on 15N8G6M3FTB steel can be used for surfacing parts operating under moderate wear conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The features of aging hardening of 10G7M3S2AFTU steel deposited by flux-cored wire are investigated. It is shown that the basis of the metal matrix after aging is ferrite. It was established that aging at a temperature of 550 °C for 6 hours provides the highest degree of hardening of ferritic steel 10G7M3S2AFTU. In this case, the hardness of the steel reaches 42 HRC. It was found that the hardening mechanism of steel as a result of aging is due to nitride-carbide- intermetallic compounds, for the most part, Ti2CN, V1.98Ti0.02 and VC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is concerned with the determination of the effect of various inert fillers on the technological, physico-mechanical and thermophysical properties of porous rubbers based on styrene-butadiene rubber. It was found that after the addition of calcium carbonate and fly ash, the crosslink density of the polymer improved by 77 and 35%, respectively. In addition, the apparent density of the sample containing calcium carbonate was 36% lower than the standard, and its thermal conductivity was below 47%. In view of the foregoing, it is worth noting that the rubber obtained after the addition of calcium carbonate was the most cost-effective and porous rubber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article there was represented the new method of production of sheet metal material reinforced by particles by multicycle rolling. Aluminum and copper alloy served as a basis for the rolling process, also based on usage of criteria approach and digital method of calculation. Criteria system builds an interconnection between the managing parameters of rolling process and bond resistance of layers and allocation of reinforced particles in the produced alloy. Mathematical modelling of rolling process with fixed parameters of technological process and following experimental revision allow to elaborate a universal methodology of sliced alloys, reinforced by particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main regularities of changes in the electrochemical characteristics of 10X17H13M2T steel surface using the impedance spectroscopy method have been investigated. The adequacy of the electrical equivalent circuit for studying the corrosion system impedance characteristics at the pitting boundary was confirmed. The electrochemical parameters of the steel to be tested in 0.1 mol/L NaCl solution corresponding to the boundaries of the passive, metastable and locally active surface states were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the first time, the thickness of the surface layer of porous silicon was determined. Monocrystalline silicon has a layer thickness of about 2 nm. This thickness can be experimentally determined using sliding x-rays in the mode of total internal reflection. The d(I)Si layer of atomically smooth single-crystal silicon is a nanostructure. The number of silicon particles in the monolayer is n=d(I)Si/a ≈ 4. It is shown that, starting from 80% porosity, silicon, by its properties of the d(II)Si layer, goes beyond the Gleiter nanostructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimum concentration of the enzyme preparation for the biomodification of gluten is elucidated, which is range 0.2-0.6 % by weight of gluten. The effect of enzymatic treatment of gluten on its rheological, barrier, thermal and tensile properties of films is shown. In the treatment of gluten with lipopan 50 BG or fungamyl super AX the kinematic viscosity increases by 15 %, and the oxygen permeability decreases by 300 %. In the treatment of gluten with transglutaminase or L-cysteine increases the glass transition temperature by 14 %. Tensile characteristics of biomodified gluten is shown, elongation increases by 200 % using transglutaminase and stress increases by 80 % using lipopan 50 BG. The obtained results show the potential application of biocatalytic treatment of gluten to improve the viscosity of solution applied to paperboard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we studied the barrier, strength and deformation properties of paper coated with biomodified gluten. The results shows the giving grease-resistance to this composite (Kit score 21) and resistance to water vapor permeability with an experiment duration of 40 days. Strength of samples was increased of more than 40% and deformation of samples was increased of more than 30% as a result of biomodification of gluten, were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of composite structural rubber materials directly depends on the bond strength between the metal and the polymer. Steel reinforcement to increase the bond strength with rubber is brass, to increase the number of chemical bonds with the vulcanizate. At the same time, various additives are introduced into the rubber composition, which can increase the adhesion of rubbers to metal cord. The use of blocked urea-based isocyanates as adhesion promoters is proposed. The studies made it possible to hypothesize the relationship between the particle size and the electrokinetic potential of blocked urea-based isocyanates with the strength of brass-metal cord-rubber bonding. The results obtained indicate that the greater the electrokinetic potential of the synthesized additives and the lower the average particle size, the better the additive is distributed in the rubber compound and affects the formation of the adhesive layer at the brass-metal cord-rubber interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the fast heat transfer processes taking place during permanent joint formation by MAG welding. It is shown that the conditions of heating and crystallization of molten metal accompanying the permanent joint formation are extensively affected by the welding method, quantitative characteristics of mass transfer and energy parameters of the welding regime. The above mentioned combination of technological indicators is directly bound with the thermal welding cycles that linearly depend on the rate of the energy input required for the permanent joint formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The method of making products from composite materials can be used in the production and manufacture of products from already known or new composite materials used in the oil and gas industry. The products manufacturing is carried out by pressing in a closed mold with application of ultrasonic influence and amplitude modulation. As a result of ultrasonic action and the imposition of low-frequency amplitude modulation on the pressed material, the tensile strength increased by an average of 5-6% and the elasticity module - by 12-14%. In this case, the relative elongation is reduced by 14-20%, and the wear rate is 12-14%. The new method allows significantly to increase the work resource and the slide bearings reliability used for making friction pairs of pumps and compressors of petrochemical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonwoven materials based on polyamide-6 and its blends with polypropylene, polystyrene and polylactide were obtained by melt electrospinning. The average diameter of the fibers was in the range of 2-10 µm. The supramolecular structure of the materials was characterized by IR spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. Their surface properties were studied by the contact angles measurements with water and motor oil as test liquids. The produced materials have a high sorption capacity (up to 100 g/g) and a low residual oil content (less than 3 g/g) after desorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]