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Numerous studies have demonstrated that PABPC1 participates in the process of carcinogenesis and its function is inconsistent in different types of cancers. PABPC1-like (PABPC1L) is an important paralog of PABPC1 and few studies are available on the roles of PABPC1L in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Hence, we explored the biological function and prognostic impact of PABPC1L in CRC. The mRNA expression of PABPC1L in CRC was determined based on the data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was utilized to determine the PABPC1L mRNA expression level in CRC HT-29 and LS-174T cell lines. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional-hazards model were utilized to conduct the survival and prognosis analyses. HT-29 cells with silenced PABPC1L were constructed to explore the effect of PABPC1L on cell proliferation, invasion and migration capacities using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), clone formation, wound-healing and Transwell assays, respectively. To uncover the potential mechanisms of how PABPC1L influences CRC proliferation and migration, we analyzed the expression of AKT, p-AKT, PI3K, and p-PI3K in HT-29 cells using western blotting. Our results revealed that PABPC1L was overexpressed in CRC tissues compared with normal tissues based on the data obtained from TCGA database. Similarly, the mRNA expression of PABPC1L was higher in HT-29 and LS-174T cells than that in CCD-18Co cells. The expression of PABPC1L in CRC was found to be significantly related to age, pathologic stage, pathologic-node, pathologic-metastasis, and death. In univariate and multivariate analyses, pathologic-tumor and pathologic-metastasis were identified as independent prognostic factors for CRC. After PABPC1L depletion, cell proliferation rate, colony numbers, and the invasive and migratory capacity of HT-29 cells were all reduced. Western blot analysis showed that reduction of PABPC1L significantly inhibited p-AKT, and p-PI3K expression level in HT-29 cells. Collectively, our results suggested that PABPC1L is a potential novel candidate oncogene in CRC, and targeting PABPC1L may provide clinical utility in CRC.

Layer-stacking domain walls in bilayer graphene are emerging as a fascinating one-dimensional system that features stacking solitons structurally and quantum valley Hall boundary states electronically. The interactions between electrons in the 2D graphene domains and the one-dimensional domain-wall solitons can lead to further new quantum phenomena. Domain-wall solitons of varied local structures exist along different crystallographic orientations, which can exhibit distinct electrical, mechanical and optical properties. Here we report soliton-dependent 2D graphene plasmon reflection at different 1D domain-wall solitons in bilayer graphene using near-field infrared nanoscopy. We observe various domain-wall structures in mechanically exfoliated graphene bilayers, including network-forming triangular lattices, individual straight or bent lines, and even closed circles. The near-field infrared contrast of domain-wall solitons arises from plasmon reflection at domain walls, and exhibits markedly different behaviours at the tensile- and shear-type domain-wall solitons. In addition, the plasmon reflection at domain walls exhibits a peculiar dependence on electrostatic gating. Our study demonstrates the unusual and tunable coupling between 2D graphene plasmons and domain-wall solitons.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

In this paper, a boundary scheme is proposed for the lattice Boltzmann method for convection-diffusion problems in irregular geometries with linear heterogeneous surface reaction. Compared with previous schemes, the physical picture of the proposed one is more clear, which reflects the consumption and production of the reaction at the boundary. Furthermore, as the unknown distribution functions at the boundary nodes are determined locally based on the kinetic flux of the incident ones, the present scheme can be easily applied to problems with complex geometric structures. The accuracy of the scheme is first tested by simulating the transient longitudinal mixing phenomenon and the convection-diffusion problems in inclined channels. The numerical results are in excellent agreement with the analytical solutions, and it is shown that the boundary scheme is of second-order accuracy in space for a straight wall in line with a link of the lattice. However, the order of accuracy will decrease for a general irregular wall. Finally, the dissolution process of a single calcite grain is simulated in both two-dimension (2D) and three-dimension (3D). Although a slight difference was observed between the results of 2D and 3D, all the results agree well with experimental measurements reported in previous study.

Low C/N domestic sewage was treated by an A

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Tumor recurrence and metastasis are major factors that contribute to the poor outcome of patients with HCC. However, it is difficult to predict the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Trafficking Protein Particle Complex 4 (Trappc4), is associated with tumorigenesis. The present study aimed to detect Trappc4 expression in HCC and its association with clinicopathological patient data. More importantly, this study reveals the relationship between Trappc4 and the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. A total of 148 HCC tissues were assessed for expression of Trappc4 mRNA and protein with (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) RT-PCR (n=36), Western blotting (n=4) and immunohistochemistry (n=148), respectively. The data show that Trappc4 mRNA and protein are expressed at low levels in HCC tissues compared to adjacent tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that 148 cases of HCC showed different degrees of positive expression. Statistical analysis showed that expression of Trappc4 was associated with histological differentiation, TNM stage, and vascular invasion (P < 0.05), but did not correlate with the patient’s age, gender, tumor size (P > 0.05). Most importantly, HCC patients with low expression of Trappc4 had shorter survival time compared to patients with high expression. Trappc4 might be involved in the pathogenesis of HCC and could be an important prognostic marker in HCC patients.

Defects play a key role in determining the properties and technological applications of nanoscale materials and, because they tend to be highly localized, characterizing them at the single-defect level is of particular importance. Scanning tunnelling microscopy has long been used to image the electronic structure of individual point defects in conductors, semiconductors and ultrathin films, but such single-defect electronic characterization remains an elusive goal for intrinsic bulk insulators. Here, we show that individual native defects in an intrinsic bulk hexagonal boron nitride insulator can be characterized and manipulated using a scanning tunnelling microscope. This would typically be impossible due to the lack of a conducting drain path for electrical current. We overcome this problem by using a graphene/boron nitride heterostructure, which exploits the atomically thin nature of graphene to allow the visualization of defect phenomena in the underlying bulk boron nitride. We observe three different defect structures that we attribute to defects within the bulk insulating boron nitride. Using scanning tunnelling spectroscopy we obtain charge and energy-level information for these boron nitride defect structures. We also show that it is possible to manipulate the defects through voltage pulses applied to the scanning tunnelling microscope tip.

The reaction mechanism of the oxidation of cyclohexanone catalyzed by titanium silicate zeolite TS-1 using aqueous H 2 O 2 as the oxidant was investigated by combining density function theory (DFT) calculations with experimental studies. DFT calculations showed that H 2 O 2 was adsorbed and activated at the tetrahedral Ti sites. By taking into account the adsorption energy, molecular size, steric hindrance and structural information, a reaction mechanism of Baeyer-Villiger oxidation catalyzed by TS-1 that involves the activation of H 2 O 2 was proposed. Experimental studies showed that the major products of cyclohexanone oxidation by H 2 O 2 catalyzed by a hollow TS-1 zeolite were ɛ-carprolactone, 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid, and adipic acid. These products were analyzed by GC-MS and were in good agreement with the proposed mechanism. Our studies showed that the reaction mechanism on TS-1 zeolite was different from that on Sn-beta zeolite.

Production of light weight and crash resistant vehicles require extensive use of AHSS (DP,TRIP,TWIP) and Al alloys to form complex shapes. This paper discusses practical determination of material properties and selection of lubricants for forming AHSS using a die set, designed for deep drawing. Tests were conducted in a 300 ton servo press. Thinning at the critical area of the formed part were measured and compared with FE simulation. Prediction of temperatures in deep drawing of selected DP steels and Al alloys in servo press is also discussed.

Forming limit curve (FLC) has been applied for evaluating the formability of sheet metal in a standardized way. Various experimental procedures and theoretical models were introduced in the past decades. However, bunches of tests required in the experimental determination of FLC make the procedures more burdensome. In the present study, a combination of experiment and simulation study was conducted with AA5182-O in terms of localized necking and fracture. In the proposed methodology, three experimental procedures, uniaxial tensile, deep drawing with round cup, and dome stretching, were performed and analyzed by using the finite element (FE) simulations. The feasibility of FE models were preliminarily examined by the experimental results. The progression-dependent criterion was developed to determine the process of localized necking to fracture. In the criterion, evolutions of principal strains and their derivatives were calculated and calibrated by validated FE models. The limiting strains obtained from the proposed method showed a good agreement with FLCs obtained using other methods.

This Intense pulsed light (IPL) is skin therapy medical device to remove infection and lesion. The market size of IPL has increased because of increasing device users such as doctors, nurses, engineers, patients. Thus, the number of IPL approvals by Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) has increased. However, since there are no standard and guideline for evaluation of IPL performance and safety, it is need to develop the evaluation method of IPL performance and safety for petitioners and examiners who are having difficulties in approval and review. In this study, the criteria and methods for scientific evaluation of safety and performance of IPL are proposed to support approval and review, and it is expected to enhance the international competitiveness of domestic medical device industry and patient safety. To develop the evaluation methods of IPL, first, the types and information of IPL have been collected and analyzed, and relative international and domestic standard and FDA guidance have been studied. Second, drawn test items, criteria and methods were verified at medical device testing institute. Finally, the guideline for evaluation of IPL performance and safety was reviewed through a consultative body composed of academic, industrial, institute, and government experts.

Pairing up electrons and holes in bilayer graphene Excitons—bound pairs of electron and holes in solids—can be harnessed for optoelectronic applications. Being able to tune the exciton energy would bring functional flexibility to such devices. Although tunable excitons have been predicted to form in bilayer graphene, observing them experimentally has been difficult. Ju et al. used high-quality bilayer graphene samples sandwiched between layers of hexagonal boron nitride to observe excitons in this material. Exciton energy was tuned across a large range by controlling the gate voltages. Science , this issue p. 907

Electrically controlling resonant energy transfer of optical emitters provides a novel mechanism to switch nanoscale light sources on and off individually for optoelectronic applications. Graphene's optical transitions are tunable through electrostatic gating over a broad wavelength spectrum, making it possible to modulate energy transfer from a variety of nanoemitters to graphene at room temperature. We demonstrate photoluminescence switching of individual colloidal quantum dots by electrically tuning their energy transfer to graphene. The gate dependence of energy transfer modulation confirms that the transition occurs when the Fermi level is shifted over half the emitter's excitation energy. The modulation magnitude decreases rapidly with increasing emitter-graphene distance (d), following the 1/d(4) rate trend unique to the energy transfer process to two-dimensional materials.

Electrons in graphene have a pseudospin, but controlling this degree of freedom is challenging. Evidence now suggests that the moire superlattices arising in two-dimensional heterostructures can be used to electrically manipulate pseudospins. Electrons in graphene are described by relativistic Dirac–Weyl spinors with a two-component pseudospin1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12. The unique pseudospin structure of Dirac electrons leads to emerging phenomena such as the massless Dirac cone2, anomalous quantum Hall effect2,3, and Klein tunnelling4,5 in graphene. The capability to manipulate electron pseudospin is highly desirable for novel graphene electronics, and it requires precise control to differentiate the two graphene sublattices at the atomic level. Graphene/boron nitride moire superlattices, where a fast sublattice oscillation due to boron and nitrogen atoms is superimposed on the slow moire period, provides an attractive approach to engineer the electron pseudospin in graphene13,14,15,16,17,18. This unusual moire superlattice leads to a spinor potential with unusual hybridization of electron pseudospins, which can be probed directly through infrared spectroscopy because optical transitions are very sensitive to excited state wavefunctions. Here, we perform micro-infrared spectroscopy on a graphene/boron nitride heterostructure and demonstrate that the moire superlattice potential is dominated by a pseudospin-mixing component analogous to a spatially varying pseudomagnetic field. In addition, we show that the spinor potential depends sensitively on the gate-induced carrier concentration in graphene, indicating a strong renormalization of the spinor potential from electron–electron interactions.

We investigate the ultrafast terahertz response of electrostatically gated graphene upon optical excitation. We observe that the photoinduced terahertz absorption increases in charge neutral graphene but decreases in highly doped graphene. We show that this transition from semiconductor-like to metal-like response is unique for zero bandgap materials such as graphene. In charge neutral graphene photoexcited hot carriers effectively increase electron and hole densities and increase the conductivity. In highly doped graphene, however, photoexcitation does not change net conducting carrier concentration. Instead, it mainly increases electron scattering rate and reduce the conductivity.

According to the characteristics of Wet Flue Gas Desulphurization (FGD), this paper brings forward the automatic control requirements and the control methods. The automatic control system is composed of a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and an industrial control computer (PC). The automatic control system can monitor the operating parameters of FGD system automatically and conduct automatic control and adjustment to FGD system. The PLC is responsible for the data collection and automatic control, while the PC is responsible for the surveillance of FGD system operation and the data processing through mutual communications between PC and PLC, which realizes the communication between human and machine and ensures the safe, stable and economic operation of the FGD system.

Bi- and trilayer graphene have attracted intensive interest due to their rich electronic and optical properties, which are dependent on interlayer rotations. However, the synthesis of high-quality large-size bi- and trilayer graphene single crystals still remains a challenge. Here, the synthesis of 100 μm pyramid-like hexagonal bi- and trilayer graphene single-crystal domains on Cu foils using chemical vapor deposition is reported. The as-produced graphene domains show almost exclusively either 0° or 30° interlayer rotations. Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy were used to demonstrate that bilayer graphene domains with 0° interlayer stacking angles were Bernal stacked. Based on first-principle calculations, it is proposed that rotations originate from the graphene nucleation at the Cu step, which explains the origin of the interlayer rotations and agrees well with the experimental observations.

Long Interspersed Elements (L1 elements) are biologically active retrotransposons that are capable of autonomous replication using their own reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme. Expression of the normally repressed RT has been implicated in cancer cell growth. However, at present, little is known about the expression of L1-encoded RT activity or the molecular changes that are associated with RT activity in the development of breast cancer. Here, we report that RT activity is widespread in breast cancer cells. The expression of RT protein decreased markedly in breast cancer cells after treatment with the antiretroviral drug, efavirenz. While the majority of cells showed a significant reduction in proliferation, inhibition of RT was also accompanied by cell-specific differences in morphology. MCF7 cells displayed elongated microtubule extensions that adhered tightly to their substrate, while a large fraction of the T47D cells that we studied formed long filopodia projections. These morphological changes were reversible upon cessation of RT inhibition, confirming their dependence on RT activity. We also carried out gene expression profiling with microarrays and determined the genes that were differentially expressed during the process of cellular differentiation. Genes involved in proliferation, cell migration, and invasive activity were repressed in RT-inhibited cells. Concomitantly, genes involved in cell projection, formation of vacuolar membranes, and cell-to-cell junctions were significantly upregulated in RT-inhibited cells. qRT-PCR examination of the mRNA expression of these genes in additional cell lines yielded close correlation between their differential expression and the degree of cellular differentiation. Our study demonstrates that the inhibition of L1-encoded RT can reduce the rate of proliferation and promote differentiation of breast cancer cells. Together, these results provide a direct functional link between the expression of L1 retrotransposons and the development of breast cancer.

Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed oxidative acetoxylation of benzylic C-H bonds utilizing a bidentate system has been explored. A variety of picolinoyl- or quinoline-2-carbonyl-protected toluidine derivatives react with PhI(OAc)2 in the presence of Pd(OAc)2 to afford the acetoxylated products in synthetically useful yields. A broad of functionalities, such as CH3, F, Cl, Br, I, COCH3, CO2Et, SO2CH3, and NO2, were tolerated. This transformation provides easy access to 2-hydroxymethylaniline derivatives.

Ureteric stenting is an effective drainage method in patients with acute urinary tract infection caused by ureteral calculi; however, the optimal ureteral stent indwelling time has not been clearly defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ureteric stent indwelling time on the treatment of acute infection secondary to urinary tract calculi. A total of 142 patients with acute infection caused by urinary tract calculi were identified retrospectively from January 2011 to August 2015 at our institution. 63 patients were with ureteric stenting for 7 days (A group) and 79 patients with ureteric stenting for more than 7 days (B group). The patient characteristics of two groups were analyzed and the clinical data before and after stenting were compared. The postoperative complication outcomes were collected and analyzed. Effective drainage obtained from ureteral stenting clearly abated the infection after stenting for 7 days; WBC count, WBCs in urine, and positive rate of urine culture were significantly decreased compared with the condition of immediate stenting. Both groups showed similar stone clearance rates (96.8% vs. 96.2%, p = 0.841), and there was no significant difference in the rate of postoperative complications, especially related to urinary tract infection (6.3% vs. 6.3%, p = 1.000). It is safe and effective for patients with acute urinary tract infection secondary to urinary tract calculi to be treated by ureteroscopic lithotripsy after stenting for one week. Prolonging the stenting period achieves no added benefit for patients.

A new protocol for the palladium-catalyzed free-amine-directed alkenylation of C(sp(2))-H bonds and cycloamination is described. Substituted biaryl-2-amines react with various alkenes, including electron-deficient alkenes, aryl alkenes and alkyl alkenes, to give the corresponding phenanthridines with exclusive regioselectivity. The use of α-branched styrenes leads to the formation of tricyclic compounds with a seven-membered amine ring. The method operates through a free-amine-directed alkenylation and a subsequent hydroamination cyclization reaction.

With our concern about food safety issues, many areas have adopted the food traceability system in management and monitoring the entire chain of food production, processing and marketing. There are still many issues to the existing food traceability system of China such as inconsistent traceability information flow, the non-standard content and the difficulty of sharing and exchanging data. This paper studies and designs beef product traceability system by the introduction of the Internet of things technologies and combining with the technology of RFID and EPC standard. The beef product traceability system that has important theoretical significance and practical value can provide consumers with beef product information query and facilitate the logistics responsibility traceability for managers.

With the widespread use of information systems, traditional manual audit approach cannot adapt to the quick development of information technologies. It has drawbacks of high cost, inefficiency, big risk, poor quality, etc. Computer-assisted audit and its applications are studied in this paper. Firstly, comparative analysis between traditional manual audit and computer-assisted audit is conducted. Then the flow of data-oriented computer-assisted audit is presented and the implementation steps are detailed. Finally, the applications of computer-assisted audit are discussed in four practical audit cases of information systems, i.e. hospital information system, electrical police management system, local taxation management information system and medical insurance fund management information system. And the corresponding audit results are given. The practical audit cases show that computer-assisted audit can expand the audit scope and perform deeper data analysis, thus cutting down the cost and risk of audit while improving efficiency and quality of audit. Therefore, it can effectively help auditors to perform information systems audit.

Community structure detection has great importance in finding the relationships of elements in complex networks. This paper presents a method of simultaneously taking into account the weak community structure definition and community subgraph density, based on the greedy strategy for community expansion. The results are compared with several previous methods on artificial networks and real world networks. And experimental results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of our approach.

The unique electronic structure of graphene leads to several distinctive optical properties. In this brief review, we outline the current understanding of two general aspects of optical response of graphene: optical absorption and light emission. We show that optical absorption in graphene is dominated by intraband transitions at low photon energies (in the far-infrared spectral range) and by interband transitions at higher energies (from mid-infrared to ultraviolet). We discuss how the intraband and interband transitions in graphene can be modified through electrostatic gating. We describe plasmonic resonances arising from the free-carrier (intraband) response and excitonic effects that are manifested in the interband absorption. Light emission, the reverse process of absorption, is weak in graphene due to the absence of a band gap. We show that photoluminescence from hot electrons can, however, become observable either through femtosecond laser excitation or strong electrostatic gating.

This paper introduces advantages of XML as a data exchange format, and proposes a multi-database system architecture based on XML, a data exchange platform model. We takes full advantage of is the features of XML, including good extensibility and interactivity, to implement the XML-based integration program of heterogeneous databases, making all kinds of data described in a unified XML format. And we describe the actual workflow of the system in this model and theoretically analyze the implementation details of its core modules. Finally, the workflow and the multi-database work mode for users to access databases in the system model based on XML are presented.

C40H48Cu2N4O14 ,t riclinic, P1 (no. 2), a =9 .307(2) A, b =1 0.092(2) A, c =1 1.587(2) A, + =7 3.34(3)°, * =7 6.32(3)°, & =8 2.69(3)°, V =1 010.9 A 3 , Z =1 , Rgt(F) =0 .035, wRref(F 2 ) =0 .137, T =2 93 K. Source of material Dropwise addition of 1.0 ml of Na2CO3 (1 Ms olution) to aa queous solution of CuCl2.·.2H2 O( 0.170 g, 1.0 mmol) in 5.0 ml of H2 Og ave ab lue precipitate, which was separated by centrifugation and washed with water until no Cl anions were detectable in the supernatant. The collected blue precipitate was transferred to am ixture solution of ethanol and water (1:1 v/v ,1 0m l), to which 1,10-phenanthroline (phen, 0.198 g, 1.00 mmol) and phenyl- acetic acid (0.136 g, 1.00 mmol) were added successively. The resulting blue solution (pH =7 .82) was allowed to stand at room temperature. Blue block-like crystals were grown by slow evaporation for over 7d ays. Discussion

Lubricants are necessary to avoid adhesion, galling, and scratching in aluminum stamping processes. In this study, various lubricants, including dry lubes and wet lubes, were evaluated using cup drawing test (CDT) for stamping of Al 5182-O aluminum sheets. The effects of surface texturing, with electro-discharge texturing (EDT) and mill finish (MF), on the friction behavior were also investigated. Furthermore, the methodology to evaluate the performance of lubricants was established based on (a) maximum applicable blank holder force (BHF) and (b) draw-in length in flange or flange perimeter of formed cups. Finite element (FE) simulations were carried out to determine the coefficient of friction (CoF) at tool–workpiece interface during deep drawing under different lubrication conditions. Flow stress data of Al 5182-O material were obtained using viscous pressure bulge (VPB) and tensile tests. In this study, it was confirmed that, in forming Al 5182-O, dry film lubricants have better lubricity than wet lubricants. A better lubrication condition was found with EDT surface texture. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4030750]