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52. Preparation of polyimide-graphite composite and evaluation of its friction behavior at elevated temperatures

Author

Zhang Taoqi, Qiao Xueliang, Tan Fatang, Wang Wei, Lu Hongfei, Xiao Zunqi, and Chen Jianguo

Subjects
composite, friction, graphite, lubricant, polyimide, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract

In this paper, polyimide-graphite (PG) composite was prepared and used as a solid lubricant at elevated temperatures. PG composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, and its thermal stability was evaluated based on thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry analysis. The results show that in PG composite, there was some interaction between the graphite (GR) and the polyimide (PI) matrix. Consequently, the PG composite exhibited better thermal stability than PI. The friction behavior of the PG composite sliding against steel at elevated temperatures (300–600°C at an interval of 100°C) was evaluated with a ring-on-ring tribometer. It was found that the PG composite exhibited excellent friction-reducing ability and good load-carrying capacity in the temperature range of 300–600°C and applied loads of 300–700 N. Moreover, this excellent lubricating performance of the PG composite might be attributed to its good thermal stability as a result of the interaction between the GR and the PI matrix. Therefore, PG composite could be used as an excellent solid lubricant under the high-temperature conditions.

Published
2017
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62. A green and sustainable strategy toward lithium resources recycling from spent batteries

Author

Xu, Jing, primary, Jin, Yang, additional, Liu, Kai, additional, Lyu, Nawei, additional, Zhang, Zili, additional, Sun, Bin, additional, Jin, Qianzheng, additional, Lu, Hongfei, additional, Tian, Huajun, additional, Guo, Xin, additional, Shanmukaraj, Devaraj, additional, Wu, Hui, additional, Li, Meicheng, additional, Armand, Michel, additional, and Wang, Guoxiu, additional

Published
2022
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64. Examination of Cd Accumulation Within Sunflowers Enhanced by Low Molecular Weight Organic Acids in Alkaline Soil Utilizing an Improved Freundlich Model

Author

Zhao Yulong, Lu Hongfei, Bai Fangfang, Dongmei Qiao, Yang Han, and Yuru Huang

Subjects
Rhizosphere, biology, Oxalic acid, food and beverages, Soil Science, Plant Science, biology.organism_classification, Sunflower, chemistry.chemical_compound, Horticulture, Phytoremediation, Alkali soil, chemistry, Seedling, Malic acid, Citric acid, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

This research aims to improve the efficiency of phytoremediation of Cd in soil using sunflowers and optimizing the model of Cd uptake by plants. Five low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs), oxalic acid (OA), acetic acid (AA), tartaric acid (TA), malic acid (MA), and citric acid (CA) at 2, 4, and 6 mmol/kg, were applied to sunflowers at 20, 30, and 40 days after seed emergence. The pH, electric conductivity (EC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), catalase activity, amylase activity, invertase activity, and Cd content in rhizosphere soil and Cd in plant tissues were analyzed. Plant biomass was greater at the application rates of 2 and 4 mmol/kg. For each acid treatment, the Cd content in roots and leaves increased, while that of the stem and bud decreased. The total Cd accumulation increased due to the increase in plant biomass, especially root tissues; LMWOAs applied at 20 or 30 days after seedling emergence achieved higher Cd accumulations by expanding the Cd absorption capacity of rhizosphere soil. Application time had a more significant influence on plant biomass, Cd content, and accumulation in plant tissues than the variation of LMWOAs. Soil invertase activity and pH are the main factors causing the change in Cd form. An improved Freundlich model, using soil EC and pH, had higher accuracy than a model using pH alone. LMWOAs can increase Cd accumulation in plants, and a lower application rate (2 mmol/kg) and earlier application date (20 days after seedling emergence) are beneficial for improving the phytoremediation efficiency of sunflower. The increase of root biomass expanded the contact area between plants and soil, which was one of the reasons for the increase of Cd accumulation. EC could be used as a supplementary index to improve the Freundlich model when using pH.

Published
2021

69. Interacting Effects of CO 2 , Temperature, and Nitrogen Supply on Photosynthetic, Root Growth, and Nitrogen Allocation of Strawberry at the Fruiting Stage.

Author

Yu, Minna, Sun, Peng, Huang, Xinyi, Zha, Zhuoyue, Wang, Xin, Mantri, Nitin, Lou, Heqiang, Jiang, Bo, Shen, Zonggen, Sun, Yanfang, and Lu, Hongfei

Subjects
STRAWBERRIES, CARBON dioxide, NITROGEN, LEAF physiology, FACTORIAL experiment designs, LEAF area, ROOT growth, PLANT growth
Abstract

To efficiently improve the productivity of strawberries under growing environmental change, the photosynthesis, root growth, and nitrogen allocation of strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Toyonoka) were investigated in a factorial design of CO2, temperature, and nitrogen supply. Elevated CO2 decreased the maximum CO2 assimilation rate (Amax), maximum CO2 carboxylation capacity per unit leaf area (Vcmax), and maximum CO2 carboxylation capacity per unit leaf mass (Vcm-m) by 20%, 24%, and 44%, respectively. Meanwhile, it reduced the SPAD value, maximal fluorescence level in the dark-adapted state (Fm), and maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm). Moreover, root branches, root number, root dry weight, and nitrogen-use efficiency were further increased in response to elevated CO2 under low nitrogen. When elevated CO2 was applied together with nitrogen nutrients, the Vcm-m and root nitrogen concentration (RNC) declined by 32% and 12%, respectively, but the total root dry weight (TRDW) increased by 88%. If the nitrogen nutrient was individually applied, the TRDW decreased by 16%, while the RNC increased by 21%. When the high temperature was individually applied, the TRDW increased by 104%, but the RNC decreased by 5%. Overall, elevated CO2 exacerbated photosynthetic down-regulation and significantly affected nitrogen redistribution among strawberry organs, reducing leaf nitrogen concentration and accelerating leaf senescence. However, it could increase seed quantity and improve its quality as well. In other words, under nitrogen-deficient conditions, elevated CO2 could improve the survival of offspring via the cost of the mother plant's growth capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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73. A 0.02% Accuracy Loss Voltage-Mode Parallel Sensing Scheme for RRAM-Based XNOR-Net Application

Author

Zhao, Yulin, primary, Yu, Jie, additional, Zhang, Donglin, additional, Hu, Qiao, additional, Liu, Xuanzhi, additional, Jiang, Haijun, additional, Ding, Qingting, additional, Han, Zhongze, additional, Cheng, Jinhui, additional, Zhang, Wenjun, additional, Cao, Yue, additional, Zhou, Ruixi, additional, Lu, Hongfei, additional, Xu, Xiaoxin, additional, and Yang, Jianguo, additional

Published
2022
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99. Low Molecular Weight Organic Acids Increase Cd Accumulation in Sunflowers through Increasing Cd Bioavailability and Reducing Cd Toxicity to Plants

Author

Zhao Yulong, Yadan Wang, Lu Hongfei, Yang Han, Bai Fangfang, and Dongmei Qiao

Subjects
lcsh:QE351-399.2, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Cd, chemistry.chemical_compound, Animal science, Helianthus annuus, Dry matter, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, lcsh:Mineralogy, biomass, low molecular weight organic acids, Geology, sunflowers, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Bioavailability, Phytoremediation, nonprotein sulfhydryl, chemistry, Shoot, Composition (visual arts), Malic acid, Citric acid
Abstract

The use of low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) for the phytoremediation of heavy metals has become a promising technique. We chose five kinds of organic acids (oxalic acid (OA), acetic acid (AA), tartaric acid (TA), malic acid (MA), and citric acid (CA)) with six application rates (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 mmol/kg) and planted sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) in Cd-polluted soil to study the efficiency of the phytoremediation of Cd and the degree of Cd toxicity to plants. Treatment with no acid application served as the control (CK). We analyzed the plant height dry matter and the Cd and nonprotein sulfhydryl (NPT) contents in the soil and plant tissues. OA, AA, TA, MA, and CA increased plant heights by 17.6–47.40%, 21.25–39.17%, 12.5–35.52, 5.10–30.50%, and 16.15–49.17%, respectively, shoot biomass of the sunflowers was increased except with MA. NPT decreased under LMWOA application, which, in the roots, increased with the increase in root Cd under LMWOA treatment, however, there was no obvious relationship in the stems and leaves. The composition of Cd in the soil changed significantly under the LMWOA treatments compared to the CK, and the changes in carbonate Cd and Fe-Mn oxide Cd were the most prominent. The plant Cd accumulation of OA, AA, TA, MA, and CA increased by 43.31%, 55.25%, 48.69%, 0.52%, and 32.94%, respectively, and the increase in root Cd content and shoot dry matter quality promoted the increase in Cd accumulation. The LMWOAs were more likely to affect the phytoremediation of Cd by changing total P (TP) rather than total N (TN).

Published
2021
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