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In this paper, we first propose two Chebyshev-type inequalities associated with the general fractional-order (Yang–Abdel–Aty–Cattani) integrals with the Rabotnov fractional-exponential kernel under the condition that μ and ν are synchronous functions. What is more, by the mathematical induction, we prove a new Chebyshev-type inequality in the case that (μ i) i = 1 , ... , n be n positive increasing functions. Finally, we introduce a novel Chebyshev-type inequality via the general fractional-order integrals with the Rabotnov fractional-exponential kernel under the condition that μ and ν are monotonic functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Gpr34 silencing attenuates cognitive deficits and neuroinflammation in AD mice. • Gpr34 knockdown inhibits the inflammation in microglia induced by Aβ 1-42. • ERK/NF-κB signal mediates the function of Gpr34 in microglia during AD. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a serious neurodegenerative disease characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation and neuroinflammation. G-protein-coupled receptor 34 (Gpr34) was found highly expressed in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. However, its role in AD remains unclear. Herein, the role of Gpr34 as well as its molecular mechanism was explored. Data in GSE85162 were analyzed and the differently expressed genes in the hippocampus tissues of APP/PS1 mouse model of AD were subjected to GO, KEGG and GSEA enrichment analyses. APP/PS1 mice were used as an animal model of AD and the cognitive impairment was evaluated by a water maze test. The level of Gpr34 in hippocampus and BV-2 cells as well as the activation of ERK/NF-κB signal was determined by quantitative real-time PCR, western blot or immunofluorescence. Our results showed that, in BV-2 cells exposed to Aβ 1-42 , Gpr34 knockdown decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and iNOS and suppressed the activation of ERK/NF-κB signal. Moreover, the Gpr34-overexpression-induced activation of ERK/NF-κB signal and up-regulated levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and iNOS were abolished by FR180204, an ERK inhibitor. On the other hand, the in vivo study showed that Gpr34 knockdown ameliorated the cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice, decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, the activation of microglia and ERK/NF-κB signal. In conclusion, Gpr34 knockdown relieved cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice and suppressed neuroinflammation and microglial activation, maybe via the ERK/NF-κB signal. It is indicated that the high level of Grp34 in hippocampus may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deciphering variations in chromosome conformations based on bulk three‐dimensional (3D) genomic data from heterogenous tissues is a key to understanding cell‐type specific genome architecture and dynamics. Surprisingly, computational deconvolution methods for high‐throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi‐C) data remain very rare in the literature. Here, a deep convolutional neural network (CNN), deconvolve bulk Hi‐C data (deCOOC) that remarkably outperformed all the state‐of‐the‐art tools in the deconvolution task is developed. Interestingly, it is noticed that the chromatin accessibility or the Hi‐C contact frequency alone is insufficient to explain the power of deCOOC, suggesting the existence of a latent embedded layer of information pertaining to the cell type specific 3D genome architecture. By applying deCOOC to in‐house‐generated bulk Hi‐C data from visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues, it is found that the characteristic chromatin features of M2 cells in the two anatomical loci are distinctively bound to different physiological functionalities. Taken together, deCOOC is both a reliable Hi‐C data deconvolution method and a powerful tool for functional extraction of 3D genome architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sedation is common during digestive endoscopy to provide comfort and pain relief for patients. However, the use of sedation in endoscopy also poses potential risks, and recent issues have been raised regarding its safety and administration. This literature review paper will discuss the most recent developments in the field of sedation in digestive endoscopy, including the adverse events that might be associated with sedation and how to manage it, the legal issues associated with administration, the impact of COVID-19 on sedation practices, and sedation in special situations. It will also touch upon the current guidelines and recommendations for sedation, including the importance of patient selection and monitoring and the need for training and certification for endoscopists administering sedation. The review will also analyse studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of various sedation techniques, including propofol, midazolam, and others. It will examine the benefits and drawbacks of these agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dahua Lou loom, pivotal to Nanjing Yunjin weaving, constitutes an integral part of global intangible cultural heritage. Its intricate weaving technique remains unmatched by modern machinery, marking it as a vital cultural artefact warranting protection. However, current virtual interactive systems grapple with adequately demonstrating its craftsmanship due to limitations like system iteration, multi-system integration, and data interoperability. To address these challenges, this study proposes a method that synergizes knowledge ontology, virtual reality technology, and data-driven design.Knowledge ontology enables enhanced management, reuse, and wide-ranging dissemination of domain knowledge, improving system interoperability. This methodology is utilized in constructing the loom model, animation demonstration, and in integrating it into the virtual interactive system. This multifaceted application of knowledge ontology significantly bolsters the system's efficiency and optimizes its development, maintenance, and integration processes.This research provides crucial advancements in domain knowledge modeling, 3D visualization, and virtual reality interactive systems, playing a significant role in preserving cultural heritage. Despite certain limitations, it offers an immersive, intuitive, and enriched design experience. The study concludes with a critique of the developed system, discussions on the encountered challenges, and future research directions include improving and expanding the knowledge ontology based on the opinions and practical experiences of domain experts, enhancing system compatibility, and conducting broader evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider the L 2 -norm prescribed minimizer of the mass critical Kirchhoff type energy functional with a weight function a (x) , E (u) = ∫ R N a (x) | ∇ u | 2 d x + b 2 (∫ R N | ∇ u | 2 d x) 2 − N N + 4 ∫ R N | u | 2 N + 8 N d x , N = 1 , 2 , 3. Making use of the Gagliardo–Nirenberg inequality, we firstly give the classification of existence and non-existence of minimizers. Then the mass concentration of minimizers as c ↗ c ⁎ : = (b ‖ Q ‖ 2 8 / N 2) N 8 − 2 N is investigated, where Q > 0 is the unique radially symmetric positive solution of 2 Δ Q − (4 N − 1) Q + Q 8 N + 1 = 0 in R N. It is surprise that the concentrating point of a minimizer is possibly determined by the weight function a (x). Finally, we analyze the local uniqueness of minimizers induced by concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the interplay between the algebraic properties of the rings, the combinatorial properties of their corresponding zero-divisor graphs, and the associated Hermitian matrix of such graphs. For a finite ring R, its zero-divisor graph may contain both directed edges and undirected edges; such graphs are called mixed graphs. The Hermitian matrices of mixed graphs are natural generalizations of the adjacency matrices of undirected graphs. In this paper, we completely determine the structure and the Hermitian eigenvalues of the zero-divisor graph Γ (D × R) by using the structure and the Hermitian eigenvalues of the zero-divisor graph Γ (R) . As applications, we investigate Γ (D × R) for some special R and extend some known results on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface incident solar radiation (Rs) plays an important role in climate change on Earth. Recently, the use of satellite-retrieved datasets to obtain global-scale Rs with high spatial and temporal resolutions has become an indispensable tool for research in related fields. Many studies were carried out for Rs evaluation based on the monthly satellite retrievals; however, few evaluations have been performed on their diurnal variation in Rs. This study used independently widely distributed ground-based data from the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) to evaluate hourly Rs from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System Synoptic (CERES) SYN1deg–1Hour product through a detrended standardization process. Furthermore, we explored the influence of cloud cover and aerosols on the diurnal variation in Rs. We found that CERES-retrieved Rs performs better at midday than at 7:00–9:00 and 15:00–17:00. For spatial distribution, CERES-retrieved Rs performs better over the continent than over the island/coast and polar regions. The Bias, MAB and RMSE in CERES-retrieved Rs under clear-sky conditions are rather small, although the correlation coefficients are slightly lower than those under overcast-sky conditions from 9:00 to 15:00. In addition, the range in Rs bias caused by cloud cover is 1.97–5.38%, which is significantly larger than 0.31–2.52% by AOD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seed germination is the complex adaptive trait of higher plants influenced by a large number of genes and environmental factors. Numerous studies have been performed to better understand how germination is controlled by various environmental factors and applied chemicals, such as cyanide. However, still very little is known about the molecular mechanisms of how extrinsic signals regulate seed germination. Our and previous studies found that non-lethal cyanide treatment promotes seed germination, but the regulatory mechanism is unclear. In this study, we found that a low concentration of cyanide pretreatment significantly enhanced the expression of endo-β-mannanase 5 (MAN5) gene in Arabidopsis thaliana, and the mutation of this gene impaired cyanide-mediated seed germination. In contrast, overexpression of MAN5 gene enhanced Arabidopsis seed germination ability under both normal and salt stress conditions. Further studies showed that the expression of the MAN5 gene was negatively regulated by ABA insensitive 5 (ABI5); In abi5 mutant seeds, the expression of the MAN5 gene was increased and the seed germination rate was accelerated. Additionally, cyanide pretreatment markedly reduced the gene expression of ABI5 in Arabidopsis seeds. Taken together, our data support the involvement of MAN5 as a key gene in cyanide-mediated seed germination and confirm the role of ABI5 as a critical negative factor involved in cyanide-regulated MAN5 gene expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the incidence, consequences, and predictors of serious chemotherapy‐induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of patients with NPC between 2013 and 2015. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model and propensity score matching were used to estimate the effect of serious CIT on overall survival. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to identify the predictors of serious CIT. Results and Conclusion: The incidence of serious CIT was 5.21% in patients with NPC. Patients who experienced serious thrombocytopenia had a worse long‐term prognosis, while the difference in short‐term survival rate was slight. Chemotherapy regimens of gemcitabine and platinum, 5‐fluorouracil and platinum, taxane and platinum, serum potassium ion concentration, serum lactate dehydrogenase levels, platelet count, red blood cell count, and estimated glomerular filtration rate were predictors of serious CIT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel supramolecular nanoparticles were successfully built by sulfobutylether7-β-cyclodextrin and benzyl dodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide. The assembly and disassembly behavior were determined by UV–Vis, Tyndall effect, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and zeta potential. Upon decreasing pH values, the resulting nanoparticles disassemble. The nanoparticles will be restored to spherical nanoparticles when the pH increases to the initial value. Due to the negative zeta potential, the nanoparticles showed good loading capacity for doxorubicin (DOX). DOX-loaded nanoparticles exhibited pH-responsive drug release behavior and possess higher cytotoxicity than the positive control, cisplatin. Thus, the simple and effective supramolecular nanoparticles with desirable load/release DOX property was constructed as pH-responsive drug delivery system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of 4-(propargyloxy) benzenesulfonamide derivatives with different substituents on the benzene ring were synthesized and evaluated for their insecticidal activity. Some of the compounds showed good insecticidal activity against Mythimna separata, and the LC50 value of the most active compound B2.5 was 0.235 mg/ml. Ultrastructural changes in the midgut epithelial cells of Mythimna separata were observed using transmission electron microscopy, and severe structural damage was found in microvilli, mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum. It indicates that the possible site of action of these benzenesulfonamides is the cytoplasmic membrane and endomembrane system of the midgut epithelial cells. The above provides a basis for the development of novel insecticidal active compounds with a novel mechanism of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The excitement and buzz around big data (BD) has been so prevalent that it seems BD has become thought of as a panacea for solving all challenges. But there are in fact limitations to what BD can do, which has led to missed opportunities and potentially suboptimal problem‐solving and decision‐making. Hence the answer to the question posed in the title is an emphatic 'Yes!' The intentional strategic use of designed data collection (DDC) represents an opportunity to elevate how studies involving BD are planned, executed, and interpreted to deliver more satisfying solutions. In this paper, we outline eleven opportunities for integrating DDC strategies, including statistical design of experiments (DoE) and sampling techniques, with BD at all stages of the study. There are opportunities for building background understanding of the problem and improving the quality of the data via strategic planning before acquiring BD. In addition, incorporating DDC into the collection and processing of the actual BD, and strengthening conclusions or augmenting with supplementary designed data after BD also represent key opportunities to increase the impact of BD in the era of Industry 4.0 and Quality 4.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

α-Terpineol, a monocyclic monoterpenoid tertiary alcohol with lilac-like aroma, is found in a variety of plant essential oils. Current research has revealed that α-terpineol has a varied range of biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, analgesic, gastroprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and antidiarrheal effects. These beneficial activities of α-terpineol coupled with its unique aroma and safety offer the possibility of incorporating this compound into food, cosmetic, non-cosmetic, medical, agricultural, and chemical industries. Hence, this paper summarizes the sources and production of α-terpineol, and focuses on the biological properties so far described for α-terpineol and its mechanism of action. Furthermore, the safety of α-terpineol, industrial applications and directions for future α-terpineol research are discussed. This paper provides reference for the research and application of α-terpineol in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sepsis is a syndrome of physiological, pathological and biochemical abnormalities caused by infection. Although the mortality rate is lower than before, many survivors have persistent infection, which means sepsis calls for new treatment. After infection, inflammatory mediators were largely released into the blood, leading to multiple organ dysfunction. Therefore, anti-infection and anti-inflammation are critical issues in sepsis management. Results: Here, we successfully constructed a novel nanometer drug loading system for sepsis management, FZ/MER-AgMOF@Bm. The nanoparticles were modified with LPS-treated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) membrane, and silver metal organic framework (AgMOF) was used as the nanocore for loading FPS-ZM1 and meropenem which was delivery to the infectious microenvironments (IMEs) to exert dual anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. FZ/MER-AgMOF@Bm effectively alleviated excessive inflammatory response and eliminated bacteria. FZ/MER-AgMOF@Bm also played an anti-inflammatory role by promoting the polarization of macrophages to M2. When sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) challenged mice was treated, FZ/MER-AgMOF@Bm could not only reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory factors and lung injury, but also help to improve hypothermia caused by septic shock and prolong survival time. Conclusions: Together, the nanoparticles played a role in combined anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, alleviating cytokine storm and protecting vital organ functions, could be a potential new strategy for sepsis management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli (CR-GNB) have been increasingly reported in China. However, dynamic monitoring data on molecular epidemiology of CR-GNB are limited in pediatric patients. Results: 300 CR-GNB isolates (200 Carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP), 50 carbapenem-resistant A.baumannii (CRAB) and 50 carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (CRPA)) were investigated. The predominant carbapenemase gene was blaNDM−1 (73%) and blaKPC−2 (65%) in neonates and non-neonates. Meanwhile, the predominant STs were ST11 (54%) in neonates and ST17 (27.0%) and ST278 (20.0%) in non-neonates. Notably, a shift in the dominant sequence type of CRKP infections from ST17 /ST278-NDM-1 to ST11-KPC-2 was observed during the years 2017–2021 and KPC-KP showed relatively higher resistance to aminoglycosides and quinolones than NDM-KP.BlaOXA−23 was isolated from all the CRAB isolates while only one isolate expressing blaBIC and 2 isolates expressing blaVIM−2 were found in CRPA isolates. ST195 (22.0%) and ST244 (24.0%) were the most common in CRAB and CRPA isolates and all the STs of CRAB belonged to CC92 while CRPA presents ST types with diversity distribution. Conclusion: CRKP showed different molecular phenotypes in neonates and non-neonates and was changing dynamically and high-risk clone of ST11 KPC-KP should be paid more attention. Most CRKP and CRAB strains shared the same CCs, suggesting that intrahospital transmission may occur, and large-scale screening and more effective measures are urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high vascularization of glioma highlights the potential value of anti-angiogenic therapeutics for glioma treatment. Previously, we designed a novel vascular-targeting and blood–brain barrier (BBB)-penetrating peptide, TAT-AT7, by attaching the cell-penetrating peptide TAT to a vascular-targeting peptide AT7, and we demonstrated that TAT-AT7 could target binding to the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) and Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), which are both highly expressed in endothelial cells. TAT-AT7 has been proven to be a good targeting peptide which could effectively deliver the secretory endostatin gene to treat glioma via the TAT-AT7-modified polyethyleneimine (PEI) nanocomplex. In the current study, we further explored the molecular binding mechanisms of TAT-AT7 to VEGFR-2 and NRP-1 and its anti-glioma effects. Accordingly, TAT-AT7 was proven to competitively bind to VEGFR-2 and NRP-1 and prevent VEGF-A165 binding to the receptors by the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay. TAT-AT7 inhibited endothelial cells' proliferation, migration, invasion, and tubule formation, as well as promoted endothelial cells' apoptosis in vitro. Further research revealed that TAT-AT7 inhibited the phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 and its downstream PLC-γ, ERK1/2, SRC, AKT, and FAK kinases. Additionally, TAT-AT7 significantly inhibited angiogenesis of zebrafish embryo. Moreover, TAT-AT7 had a better penetrating ability and could penetrate the BBB into glioma tissue and target glioma neovascularization in an orthotopic U87-glioma-bearing nude mice model, and exhibited the effect of inhibiting glioma growth and angiogenesis. Taken together, the binding and function mechanisms of TAT-AT7 were firstly revealed, and TAT-AT7 was proven to be an effective and promising peptide for the development of anti-angiogenic drugs for targeted treatment of glioma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of hyperuricemia in Taiwan is high, and hyperuricemia has been associated with a risk of developing several diseases. Although the traditional risk factors for hyperuricemia are well known, the relationship between heavy metals and hyperuricemia is still undefined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between hyperuricemia and heavy metals. A total of 2447 participants (977 males and 1470 females) residing in southern Taiwan were enrolled, and levels of the following heavy metals were measured: lead in blood, and nickel, chromium, manganese, arsenic (As), copper, and cadmium in urine. Hyperuricemia was defined as a serum uric acid level greater than 7.0 mg/dL (416.5 μmol/L) in men and 6.0 mg/dL (357 μmol/L) in women. The participants were divided into two groups: those without hyperuricemia (n = 1821; 74.4%) and those with hyperuricemia (n = 626; 25.6%). Multivariate analysis showed that only high urine As (log per 1 μg/g creatinine; odds ratio, 1.965; 95% confidence interval, 1.449 to 2.664; p < 0.001), young age, male sex, high body mass index, high hemoglobin, high triglycerides, and low estimated glomerular filtration rate were significantly associated with hyperuricemia. In addition, the interactions between Pb × Cd (p = 0.010), Ni × Cu (p = 0.002), and Cr × Cd (p = 0.001) on hyperuricemia were statistically significant. Increasing levels of Pb and Cr yielded an increased prevalence of hyperuricemia, and the effect was progressively greater for increasing Cd. Moreover, increasing levels of Ni yielded an increased prevalence of hyperuricemia, and the effect was progressively greater for increasing Cu. In conclusion, our results show that high urine As is associated with hyperuricemia, and some interactions of heavy metals on hyperuricemia are noted. We also found that young age, male sex, high BMI, high hemoglobin, high triglycerides, and low eGFR were significantly associated with hyperuricemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) contains many microblocks, and their Precambrian basement origin and crustal evolution are disputed. This study focuses on the geochronology of metamorphic complexes from the Shuangsheng area, southeastern Inner Mongolia. Combined with regional geological data, we discuss the tectonic attribution of the metamorphic complexes and provide geochronological evidence for regional crustal evolution and tectonic affinity. From the Shuangsheng area, the Pingandi metamorphic complex and Baolige metamorphic complex are composed of greenschist–amphibolite facies metamorphic intrusive rocks and metamorphic supracrustal rocks, mainly including tremolite rock, chlorite rock, actinolitite (gneissic) plagioamphibolite, actinolitite schist, marble, and feldspar quartzite. Zircon U-Pb geochronology analysis of actinolitite and plagioamphibolite suggests that there were two intermediate-acid magmatic events (2500–2400 Ma and 2050–1980 Ma), one basic magmatic event (1860 Ma), and three metamorphic events (1930–1890 Ma, 1815–1785 Ma and 1740–1730 Ma). Based on comparisons with the regional Precambrian chronological spectrum, geotectonically, Precambrian geological records from the Shuangsheng area should belong to the basement of the Bainaimiao Arc Terrane (BAT). Each segment of the BAT shows consistent Precambrian chronological frameworks, which indicates that the BAT has a unitive Precambrian basement. The basement underwent crustal growth during 3.0–2.4 Ga and 2.1–1.4 Ga and multistage crustal reconstruction between 2.75 and 0.55 Ga, which is different from the crustal evolution of the North China Craton, northeast Gondwana continent, and Tarim Craton. In the early Palaeozoic, the Precambrian material provided varying source contributions to the arc crust of the BAT through crust–mantle interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Many plant species can give rise to embryos from somatic cells after a simple hormone treatment, illustrating the remarkable developmental plasticity of differentiated plant cells. However, many species are recalcitrant to somatic embryo formation for unknown reasons, which poses a significant challenge to agriculture, where somatic embryogenesis is an important tool to propagate desired genotypes. The micro‐RNA394 (miR394) promotes shoot meristem maintenance in Arabidopsis thaliana, but the underlying mechanisms have remained elusive.We analyzed whether miR394 affects indirect somatic embryogenesis and determined the transcriptome of embryogenic callus upon miR394‐enhanced somatic embryogenesis.We show that ectopic miR394 expression enhances somatic embryogenesis in the recalcitrant Ler accession when co‐expressed with the transcription factor WUSCHEL (WUS) and that miR394 acts in this process through silencing the target LEAF CURLING RESPONSIVENESS (LCR). Furthermore, we show that higher endogenous miR394 levels are required for the elevated embryogenic potential of the Columbia accession compared with Ler, providing a mechanistic explanation for this natural variation.Our transcriptional analysis provides a framework for miR394 function in regulating pluripotency by expanding WUS‐mediated direct transcriptional repression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The translocation of a polymer through a pore that is much smaller than its size is a fundamental and actively researched topic in polymer physics. An understanding of the principles governing polymer translocation provides important guidance for various practical applications, such as the separation and purification of polymers, nanopore-based single-molecule deoxyribonucleic acid/ribonucleic acid(DNA/RNA) sequencing, transmembrane transport of DNA or RNA, and infection of bacterial cells by bacteriophages. The past several decades have seen great progresses on the study of polymer translocation. Here we present an overview of theoretical, experimental, and simulational stduies on polymer translocation, focusing on the roles played by several important factors, including initial polymer conformations, external fields, polymer topology and architectures, and confinement degree. We highlight the physical mechanisms of different types of polymer translocations, and the main controversies about the basic rules of translocation dynamics. We compare and contrast the behaviors of force-induced versus flow-induced translocations and the effects of unknotted versus knotted polymers. Finally, we mention several opportunities and challenges in the study of polymer translocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by abnormally elevated blood glucose levels. Persistent hyperglycemia leads to diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetes with periodontal disease and other diabetic complications. These diseases have become the main causes of disability and death in diabetic patients. Artesunate is well known as an antimalarial drug for controlling malaria symptoms. Current studies have shown that artesunate improves diabetes and its complications by protecting islet cells, improving glucose and lipid metabolism, anti-inflammatory and immune regulation. Based on the research status in recent years, this paper focuses on the mechanism of artesunate in diabetes and its complications, to provide a theoretical basis for future diabetes research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most major and common health crises which occur across all the hospitals, worldwide, is seen to be sepsis that occurs in patients. However, despite its wide prevalence no novel tool has been devised for predicting its occurrence. An accurate and early prediction of sepsis in the patients could significantly help the physicians administer proper treatment and decrease the uncertain diagnosis. Some machine‐learning‐based models or schemes can help in identifying the potential clinical variables and display a better performance compared to the prevailing conventional low‐performance models. In this study, a machine learning‐based scheme for fast and accurate sepsis identification was proposed. This scheme employed the power spectrum and mean estimation for data record intervals, which were then classified for reaching the final decision. For a 72‐h interval, the obtained detection accuracy was 94.2% that shows very good sign to use it as a fast and robust sepsis identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanjing Yunjin, a highly representative Chinese silk weaving handicraft, was included in the Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2009. However, due to modern silk weaving technology advancements, aesthetic style evolution, and inadequate public recognition of Yunjin culture, the art faces a decline in market recognition and practitioners, posing a risk to its preservation. Addressing this issue necessitates product innovation, efficient knowledge storage, management, and utilization, and enhancing public cultural identity for Yunjin. Following the government's "productive conservation" concept for intangible cultural heritage (ICH) projects in the handicraft category, this study uses Yunjin video resources as the primary data source. It constructs a domain knowledge graph (DKG) using an ontological approach to effectively and systematically preserve Yunjin knowledge. Furthermore, the study leverages Neo4j network topology to reveal intricate and diverse relationships within Yunjin knowledge, uncovering rich cultural connotations. Lastly, Cypher is employed for semantic queries, graph visualization, and domain expert evaluation. Evaluation results indicate that the constructed Yunjin DKG meets quality standards, supporting the development of products that align with market aesthetics while preserving Yunjin's intrinsic cultural values. This approach fosters a complementary relationship between economic benefits and ICH. Additionally, the Yunjin DKG application presents a technical path for knowledge interconnection, integration, and discovery within ICH projects in the handicraft category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the synthesis of hydroxyl-radical (˙OH) responsive fluorescent probes that utilise the 3,5-dihydroxybenzyl (DHB) functionality. 4-Methylumbeliferone-DHB (Umb-DHB) and resorufin-DHB (Res-DHB) in the presence of ˙OH radicals resulted in significant increases in their respective fluorescent emission intensities at 460 nm and 585 nm. The incubation of Res-DHB in HeLa cells followed by therapeutic ultrasound (1 MHz) resulted in a significant increase in fluorescence emission intensity thus permitting the ability to monitor ultrasound-induced ˙OH production in live cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for infertility and recurrent spontaneous abortion. Methods: Existing research was searched in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library till Dec 2021. Randomized control trials (RCTs) that compared G-CSF administration with the control group in infertility women undergoing IVF were included. The primary outcomes included clinical pregnancy rate; the secondary outcomes included live birth rate, abortion ratebiochemical pregnancy rate, embryo implantation rate, as well as endometrial thickness. Result(s): 20 RCTs were included in this study. G-CSF increased the clinical pregnancy rate (RR = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.07, 3.18) and the endometrial thickness (MD = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.58,2.92;) in patients with thin endometrium undergoing IVF. G-CSF increased the biochemical pregnancy rate (RR = 2.12; 95% CI: 1.54, 2.93), the embryo implantation rate (RR = 2.51; 95% CI: 1.82, 3.47) and the clinical pregnancy rate (RR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.63, 2.29) in patients with a history of repeated implantation failure undergoing IVF. No differences were found in pregnancy outcomes of general IVF patients. Conclusions: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is likely to be a potential option for infertility women undergoing IVF with thin endometrium or recurrent implantation failure. Trial registration: Retrospectively registered (The PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022360161). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed to evaluate the synergism of two couples of antihypertensive drugs (amlodipine + telmisartan and amlodipine + candesartan) on blood pressure reduction in vivo by both SynergyFinder 3.0 and probability sum test. Spontaneously hypertensive rats were treated with intragastric administration of amlodipine (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg), telmisartan (4, 8, and 16 mg/kg), candesartan (1, 2, and 4 mg/kg), nine combinations for amlodipine and telmisartan, and nine combinations for amlodipine and candesartan. The control rats were treated by 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose sodium. Blood pressure was recorded continuously up to 6 h after administration. Both SynergyFinder 3.0 and the probability sum test were used to evaluate the synergistic action. The synergisms calculated by SynergyFinder 3.0 are consistent with the probability sum test both in two different combinations. There is an obviously synergistic interaction between amlodipine and telmisartan or candesartan. The combinations of amlodipine and telmisartan (2 + 4 and 1 + 4 mg/kg) and amlodipine and candesartan (0.5 + 4 and 2 + 1 mg/kg) might exert an optimum synergism against hypertension. Compared with the probability sum test, SynergyFinder 3.0 is more stable and reliable to analyze the synergism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The two most prevalent mental health conditions are anxiety and depression and they often coexist (comorbidity) in an individual aggravating the person's psychological or medical conditions. College students suffered from anxiety and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic, according to numerous studies. The lack of information on the comorbidity of anxiety and depression (CAD) among international medical students, however, makes it difficult to develop effective policies or strategies to support these students. Objective: The present research seeks to investigate the incidence of CAD among international medical students in China and to identify the variables that may be useful in predicting CAD. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at China Medical University in Shenyang, China, for international medical students during November 2020. A total of 519 international students provided information on their demographics, stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic, generalized anxiety disorder assessment (GAD-7), patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), simplified coping style questionnaire (SCSQ), perceived stress scale (PSS-10), the multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS), revised life orientation test (LOT-R), and resilience scale-14 (RS-14). To investigate the potential predictors of CAD, a chi-square test, a nonparametric test, and multinomial logistic regression analyses were carried out as appropriate. Results: The incidence of anxiety, depression, and CAD in the current study was 5.8%, 8.9%, and 22.7%, respectively. The predictors for students having symptoms of anxiety were observed to be the negative coping style (β = 0.662, OR = 1.938, CI:1.07–3.694) and perceived stress (β = 0.167, OR = 1.181, CI:1.076–1.297); the predictors for students having symptoms of depression were observed to be the COVID-19 pandemic-related stress (β = 0.323,OR = 1.382,CI:1.211–1.577), negative coping style (β = 0.693,OR = 2.000, CI:1.21–3.568), and perceived stress (β = 0.135,OR = 1.145,CI:1.050–1.248); whereas the predictors for students with CAD were observed to be staying up late (Yes VS No) (β = 1.028,OR = 2.794,CI:1.227–6.364), current place of residence (Other continents VS China) (β = -1.413, OR = 0.243,CI:0.065–0.910), COVID-19 pandemic-related stress (β = 0.371,OR = 1.450,CI:1.284–1.636), negative coping style (β = 1.092,OR = 2.979,CI:1.706–5.203), and perceived stress (β = 0.339,OR = 1.403,CI:1.289–1.527). Conclusion: Single anxiety and depressive symptoms were moderately prevalent among international medical students in China. However, CAD turned out to be the most prevalent mental health issue due to its relatively higher incidence. Negative coping style and perceived stress were the communal predictors of the three categories, whereas stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic was linked to both depression and CAD, and staying up late and in residential places were specific predictors for CAD. Study results suggest that COVID-19 pandemic-related stress was related to students' CAD and depressive symptoms, and specific intervention measures with stress reduction, proper coping strategy, and a good lifestyle might be useful in improving the international students' mental health status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-protein target drugs, especially RNA-based gene therapies for treating hereditary diseases, have been recognized worldwide. As cancer is an insurmountable challenge, no miracle drug is currently available. With the advancements in the field of biopharmaceuticals, research on cancer therapy has gradually focused on non-protein target-targeted drugs, especially RNA therapeutics, including oligonucleotide drugs and mRNA vaccines. This review mainly summarizes the clinical research progress in RNA therapeutics and highlights that appropriate target selection and optimized delivery vehicles are key factors in increasing the effectiveness of cancer treatment in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The time for posttreatment tumor progression differs between nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. Herein, we established effective nomograms for predicting early tumor progression (ETP) and late tumor progression (LTP) in NPC patients. Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 8292 NPC patients (training cohort: n = 6219; validation cohort: n = 2073). The ELP and LTP were defined as the time to tumor progression ≤24 and >24 months after treatment, respectively. Results: The ETP and LTP accounted for 52.6 and 47.4% of the total patient cohort, respectively. Patients who developed ETP had markedly worse overall survival (OS) versus patients who suffered from LTP (5‐year OS: 26.2% vs. 59.7%, p < 0.001). Further, we identified 10/6 predictive factors significantly associated with ETP/LTP via logistic regression analyses. These indicators were used separately to construct two predictive nomograms for ETP and LTP. In the training group, the ETP nomogram [Harrell Concordance Index (C‐index) value: 0.711 vs. 0.618; p < 0.001] and LTP nomogram (C‐index value: 0.701 vs. 0.612; p < 0.001) were significantly superior for risk stratification than the TNM staging. These results were supported in the validation group with a C‐index value of 0.753 and 0.738 for the ETP and LTP nomograms, respectively. High‐risk patients defined by ETP/LTP nomograms had shorter progression‐free survival than low‐risk patients (all p < 0.001). Conclusion: The established nomograms can help in ELP or LTP risk stratification for NPC patients. Our current results might also provide insights into individualized treatment decisions and designing surveillance strategies for NPC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let Ln8,4 represent a linear octagonal‐quadrilateral network, consisting of n eight‐member rings and n four‐member rings. Such a graph contains a unique pair of opposite edges. The Möbius graph Qn(8, 4) is constructed by reverse identifying these opposite edges, whereas the cylinder graph Qn′(8, 4) identifies the opposite edges in the natural manner. In this paper, the explicit formulas for the Kirchhoff index and complexity of Qn(8, 4) and Qn′(8, 4) are deduced from Laplacian characteristic polynomials using to decomposition theorem and Vieta's theorem. A consequence is the surprising fact that the Kirchhoff index of Qn(8, 4) (resp. Qn′(8, 4)) is approximately a third (resp. half) of its Wiener index as n→∞. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compacted graphite iron has been used more and more in industry because of its excellent mechanical properties, especially in the automobile industry to manufacture high performance and light weight diesel engine. However, the excellent mechanical properties of compacted graphite iron cause the tool life greatly shortened. In this research, the influence of tool structure on tool life is studied by simulation and experiment. Firstly, turning simulations for tools with different rake angles, clearance angles, and cutting edge radius were performed by the software Deform. Then orthogonal simulation was used to optimize the tool parameters. In addition, according to the tool parameters obtained in the simulation, a batch of tools with rake angles of 13°, 15°, and 19° were prepared, and their performances in turning compacted graphite cast iron were studied. The experiment results show that the life of the tool with 19° rake angle was 11.73% and 16.94% higher than that of the tool with 13° rake angle and 15° rake angle, respectively. And it has the minimum cutting force and lower wear value of the flank face. Our research is especially aimed at compacted graphite iron, which might have some function in improving the processing efficiency of compacted graphite iron. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a common and serious complication of diabetes. Bone morphogenetic protein 5 (BMP5) is a multifunctional protein involved in the nervous system. Nevertheless, its effect on diabetic peripheral neuropathy remained uncharacterized. In this study, diabetic neuropathy in mice was induced by a single dose of 150 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) via intraperitoneal injection. Lentivirus expressing BMP5 (LV-BMP5) administration improved pain sensitivity, nerve conduction velocities and morphological alterations of the sciatic nerve of diabetic mice. Elevated BMP5 by LV-BMP5 suppressed cell apoptosis in the sciatic nerve, as evidenced by declined TUNEL-positive cells and down-regulated cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 levels. BMP5 enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP level. BMP5 also increased the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/9. Besides, the role of BMP5 in high glucose (HG)-stimulated Schwann cells was determined. Results of in vitro studies were in line with the in vivo findings. These experimental data seem to imply that BMP5 prevents the development of diabetic neuropathy via the maintenance of Smad1/5/9-mediated mitochondrial function. • BMP5 improves pain sensitivity and nerve conduction velocities of the sciatic nerve of diabetic mice. • BMP5 suppresses cell apoptosis in the sciatic nerve of diabetic mice. • BMP5 enhances mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP level. • BMP5 increases the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/9 in vivo and in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuroblastoma has obvious heterogeneity. It is one of the few undifferentiated malignant tumors that can spontaneously degenerate into completely benign tumors. However, for its high-risk type, even with various intensive treatment options, the prognosis is still unsatisfactory. At the same time, a large number of research data show that the abnormal amplification and high-level expression of the MYCN gene are positively correlated with the malignant progression, poor prognosis, and mortality of neuroblastoma. In this context, this article explores the role of the N-Myc, MYCN gene expression product on its target genes related to the cell cycle and reveals its regulatory network in promoting tumor proliferation and malignant progression. We hope it can provide ideas and direction for the research and development of drugs targeting N-Myc and its downstream target genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews a variety of dilute hydrochloric acid wastewater treatment processes, including desorption, rectification, combination, spray roasting, and emerging methods such as membrane separation and metal organic framework adsorption. The principles, processes, advantages and disadvantages and development prospects of various process methods are discussed. According to the existing technology, the concept of adding an azeotropic agent and adopting azeotropic distillation to regenerate dilute hydrochloric acid is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tutte's Matrix-Tree Theorem gives the number of spanning trees in a connected digraph by the determinant of a submatrix of the Laplacian, which is a generalization of the original Kirchhoff's Matrix-Tree Theorem associated to undirected graphs. In this paper, we obtain a new extension of Tutte's Matrix-Tree Theorem in terms of the signless Laplaicians. Moreover, we provide an elementary proof in terms of the factorization of signless Laplacian matrix into two incidence matrices. We finally generalize our result to the directed weighted graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless Sensor Networks are booming with the development of computer technology, network communication technology, and sensor technology. However, the question of how to use fewer nodes to achieve maximum coverage still exists. In this paper, a two-layer Surrogate-Assisted Phasmatodea Population Evolution (SAPPE) is proposed for 3D coverage of wireless sensors by combining the characteristics of meta-heuristic algorithms and surrogate models. In this algorithm, Radial Basis Function Networks are used to construct the surrogate model, and the two surrogate models are global surrogate-assisted and local surrogate-assisted, respectively. The global-surrogate model is used to smooth the fitness function, and the local surrogate-assisted model is used to find the optimal value accurately. They use the same archive DataBase (DB) to store particle positions and true fitness values. However, the number of particles involved in the creation of the surrogate-assisted model is different. Seven benchmark functions are used to test and analyze the algorithm, and the results show that the algorithm has good performance. Also, the algorithm verified the significance of the algorithm using Wilcoxon rank test. The result shows that the proposed algorithm is effective compared with PPE, PSO, PPSO, FMO, and BA. This paper compares the number of nodes and coverage radius using different algorithms to ensure maximum coverage. The result shows that the SAPPE algorithm has better performance in terms of 3D coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper, we consider some fractional integral formulas in terms of the Riemann–Liouville, Erdélyi–Kober type, and Weyl fractional integral operators and present the general fractional kinetic model involving the hypergeometric superhyperbolic sine function via the Gauss hypergeometric series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypocrellins are fungal perylenequinones (PQs) from Shiraia fruiting bodies and potential photosensitizers for cancer photodynamic therapy. Shiraia fruiting bodies harbor diverse bacterial communities dominated by Pseudomonas. The present study was to characterize the exopolysaccharide (EPS) of P. fulva SB1 which acted as an elicitor to stimulate the PQ accumulation of the host Shiraia. A bacterial EPS named EPS-1 was purified from the culture broth of P. fulva SB1, which consisted of mannose (Man) and glucose (Glc) with an average molecular weight of 9.213 × 104 Da. EPS-1 had (1 → 2)-linked α-mannopyranose (Man p) backbone and side chains of α-D-Man p -(1→ and α-D-Man p- (1 → 6)-β-D-Glc p- (1 → 6)-α-D-Man p (1 → group attached to the O -6 positions of (1 → 2)-α-D-Man p. EPS-1 at 30 mg/L stimulated both intracellular and extracellular hypocrellin A (HA) by about 3-fold of the control group. The EPS-1 treatment up-regulated the expression of key genes for HA biosynthesis. The elicitation of HA biosynthesis by EPS-1 was strongly dependent on the induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The results may provide new insights on the role of bacterial EPS in bacterium-fungus interactions and effective elicitation strategy for hypocrellin production in mycelial cultures. [Display omitted] • Exopolysaccharides (EPS) were isolated from a Shiraia fungus-associated bacterium. • EPS-1 was most active to stimulate hypocrellin A (HA) in Shiraia myceliaum culture. • EPS-1 (~92 kDa) structure was composed of Man and Glc residues with side chains. • EPS-1 induced ROS and key genes for HA biosynthesis in Shiraia mycelia. • EPS-1 is a novel elicitor and useful to improve HA production in Shiraia myceliaum culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) have received particular attention in the field of proton conduction owing to their richly H-bonded networks and porous structures, there are few related reports, especially on the study of the related proton exchange membranes (PEMs). In this paper, a multi-pyridine and multi-carboxylate-based HOF (H3tpt = 4-(2,4,6-tricarboxyphenyl)-2,2′,6′,2′′-terpyridine, namely HOF 1) was successfully prepared and introduced in a chitosan (CS) matrix to fabricate proton-conductive composite membranes. Firstly, the excellent thermal-, water-, and acid-stability of HOF 1 were confirmed via various measurements. Secondly, an AC impedance test demonstrated its temperature- and humidity-dependent proton-conductive properties. Based on the above preliminary research, we tried to dope it into CS to prepare a composite membrane (denoted as CS/HOF-x , where x is the doping amount of 1 in the hybrid film). Fortunately, one composite membrane (CS/HOF-4) with ultra-high proton conductivity (σ) (2.61 × 10−2 S cm−1 under 100 °C and 98% RH) was fabricated using the casting method; its best σ value is 54 and 2 times greater than that of HOF 1 (4.83 × 10−4 S cm−1) and the pure CS membrane, respectively, and is comparable to that of Nafion under similar conditions. Further, the proton conduction mechanism of the HOF 1 composite membrane was proposed. This research represents the first time that HOF has been doped into CS to make a high-efficiency proton-conducting composite membrane, which will lay a good foundation for its application in fuel cells and other related fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In image-based three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, texture-mapping techniques can give the model realistic textures. When the geometric surface in some regions is not reconstructed, such as for moving cars, powerlines, and telegraph poles, the textures in the corresponding image are textured to other regions, resulting in errors. To solve this problem, this letter proposes an image consistency detection method based on the Binary Robust Independent Elementary Features (BRIEF) descriptor. The method is composed of two parts. First, each triangle in the mesh and its neighboring triangles are sampled uniformly to obtain sampling points. Then, these sampled points are projected into the visible image of the triangle, and the corresponding sampled points and their RGB color values are obtained on the corresponding image. Based on the sampled points on these images, a BRIEF descriptor is calculated for each image corresponding to that triangle. In the second step, the Hamming distance between these BRIEF descriptors is calculated, outliers are removed according to the method, and noisy images are also removed. In addition, we propose adding semantic information to Markov energy optimization to reduce errors further. The two methods effectively reduced errors in texture mapping caused by objects not reconstructed, improving the texture quality of 3D models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Radiotherapy (RT) is the standard treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, due to individual differences in radiosensitivity, biomarkers are needed to tailored radiotherapy to cancer patients. However, comprehensive genome-wide radiogenomic studies on them are still lacking. The aim of this study was to identify genetic variants associated with radiotherapy response in patients with NPC. Methods: This was a large‑scale genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) including a total of 981 patients. 319 individuals in the discovery stage were genotyped for 688,783 SNPs using whole genome-wide screening microarray. Significant loci were further genotyped using MassARRAY system and TaqMan SNP assays in the validation stages of 847 patients. This study used logistic regression analysis and multiple bioinformatics tools such as PLINK, LocusZoom, LDBlockShow, GTEx, Pancan-meQTL and FUMA to examine genetic variants associated with radiotherapy efficacy in NPC. Results: After genome-wide level analysis, 19 SNPs entered the validation stage (P < 1 × 10− 6), and rs11130424 ultimately showed statistical significance among these SNPs. The efficacy was better in minor allele carriers of rs11130424 than in major allele carriers. Further stratified analysis showed that the association existed in patients in the EBV-positive, smoking, and late-stage (III and IV) subgroups and in patients who underwent both concurrent chemoradiotherapy and induction/adjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusion: Our study showed that rs11130424 in the CACNA2D3 gene was associated with sensitivity to radiotherapy in NPC patients. Trial registration number: Effect of genetic polymorphism on nasopharyngeal carcinoma chemoradiotherapy reaction, ChiCTR-OPC-14005257, Registered 18 September 2014, . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides is a rare form of mycosis fungoides that is characterized by achromic lesions, early onset of disease, a predilection for darker skinned populations, and a predominance of CD8+ T cells. Due to the rarity and heterogeneous presentation of hypopigmented mycosis fungoides, there are no criteria that clearly define the clinical characteristics and treatment regimens for this condition. This retrospective study of 44 paediatric patients with hypopigmented mycosis fungoides aimed to summarize their epidemiological and clinical characteristics and assess the effectiveness and safety of different treatment regimens. Clinical manifestations were further classified into 3 morphological groups: hypopigmented lesions, papules overlying hypopigmented lesions, and erythematous plaques overlying hypopigmented lesions. In addition, the results of this study suggest that interferon alpha might be an effective and well-tolerated therapy that could shorten the treatment time to complete response compared with other treatments. Maintenance therapy and long-term follow-up reduced the recurrence rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transformation of yellow nutsedges into nutritional flour and snack food could be important for expanding consumption and enriching the variety of products. This paper used peeled yellow nutsedges as raw materials to explore the effect of roasting on antioxidant capacity, active ingredients, and aroma. The results showed that the antioxidant capacity, DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl−1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging rate and ABTS+ (2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline−6-sulfonate)) scavenging rate were significantly improved after baking compared with the control, but the hydroxyl-free radical scavenging rate was not obvious. A total of 6 kinds antimicrobial peptides with high scores were detected, including 2 kinds in the roasted group and four kinds in the control group. ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors, antimicrobial peptides, antioxidant peptides and blood–brain barrier peptides were changed by roasted treatment. The processing can enhance the kinds of esters from 4 to 8 compared with non-roasted group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Receptor‐interacting serine/threonine‐protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) is an adaptor protein of the pattern recognition receptors NOD1 and NOD2 involved in regulating inflammatory response and resisting pathogenic microbial infection. In this study, Acipenser baeriiRIPK2 (AbRIPK2) was identified. The open reading frame of AbRIPK2 was 1815 bp encoding 604 amino acids. AbRIPK2 possessed the typical N‐terminal kinase domain (KD) and C‐terminal caspase recruitment domain (CARD). The phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that AbRIPK2 shared a relatively high identity with bony fish. Real‐time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT‐PCR) results indicated that AbRIPK2 was highly expressed in the gill, followed by muscle, liver and heart. AbRIPK2 was significantly induced in the spleen and valvular intestine after Streptococcus iniae and Aeromonas hydrophila infection. AbRIPK2 was significantly upregulated after peptidoglycan (PGN) treatment in the splenic leukocytes. This study indicated that AbRIPK2 played a potential role in resisting the pathogenic infection of Siberian sturgeon by responding to bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the top three malignant tumors in terms of morbidity, and the limited efficacy of existing therapies urges the discovery of potential treatment strategies. Immunotherapy gradually becomes a promising cancer treatment method in recent decades; however, less than 10% of CRC patients could really benefit from immunotherapy. It is pressing to explore the potential combination therapy to improve the immunotherapy efficacy in CRC patients. It is reported that Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is deficiency in CRC and associated with immunity. Herein, we found that GW4064, a FXR agonist, could induce apoptosis, block cell cycle, and mediate immunogenic cell death (ICD) of CRC cells in vitro. Disappointingly, GW4064 could not suppress the growth of CRC tumors in vivo. Further studies revealed that GW4064 upregulated PD-L1 expression in CRC cells via activating FXR and MAPK signaling pathways. Gratifyingly, the combination of PD-L1 antibody with GW4064 exhibited excellent anti-tumor effects in CT26 xenograft models and increased CD8+ T cells infiltration, with 33% tumor bearing mice cured. This paper illustrates the potential mechanisms of GW4064 to upregulate PD-L1 expression in CRC cells and provides important data to support the combination therapy of PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade with FXR agonist for CRC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural plant polysaccharide as immune modulator is considered an effective strategy for healthy aquaculture to reduce medicine treatment. Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharides (SMP) had applications to regulate immune activity and enhance antioxidant in vertebrates, but the potential function has been rarely reported in crustaceans. In this study, the immunological effects of SMP on hemocytes of Procambarus clarkii were analyzed. Results showed that total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), phenoloxidase (PO) activity and respiratory burst were up-regulated after SMP treatment. After high-throughput sequencing, 2170 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including 1294 up-regulated and 876 down-regulated genes were identified. KEGG function enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs are involved in crustaceans cellular immune-related signaling pathways, including lysosome, phagosome and endocytosis. Transcriptome mining and qRT-PCR showed that SMP up-regulated humoral immunity factors gene expression. Diets supplemented with 0.8% SMP significantly up-regulated the total number of hemocytes (THC), T-SOD and PO activity, improved the survival of crayfish after Citrobacter freundii infection. This study suggested that SMP could improve the cellular and humoral immunity of P. clarkii. Furthermore, this finding supplied a molecular foundation for further comprehending the immunopotentiator effects of plant polysaccharides in crustaceans. • Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharide (SMP) improved the T-SOD, PO activity and respiratory burst of crayfish. • Transcriptome showed that SMP up-regulated cellular and humoral immune genes expression. • Diets supplemented SMP up-regulated the THC, T-SOD and PO activity. • SMP improved the survival after Citrobacter freundii infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) of proteins has been found ubiquitously in eukaryotic cells, and is critical in the control of many biological processes by forming a temporary condensed phase with different bimolecular components. TDP-43 is recruited to stress granules in cells and is the main component of TDP-43 granules and proteinaceous amyloid inclusions in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). TDP-43 low complexity domain (LCD) is able to de-mix in solution, forming the protein condensed droplets, and amyloid aggregates would form from the droplets after incubation. The molecular interactions regulating TDP-43 LCD LLPS were investigated at the protein fusion equilibrium stage, when the droplets stopped growing after incubation. We found the molecules in the droplet were still liquid-like, but with enhanced intermolecular helix–helix interactions. The protein would only start to aggregate after a lag time and aggregate slower than at the condition when the protein does not phase separately into the droplets, or the molecules have a reduced intermolecular helix–helix interaction. In the protein condensed droplets, a structural transition intermediate toward protein aggregation was discovered involving a decrease in the intermolecular helix–helix interaction and a reduction in the helicity. Our results therefore indicate that different intermolecular interactions drive LLPS and fibril formation. The discovery that TDP-43 LCD aggregation was faster through the pathway without the first protein phase separation supports that LLPS and the intermolecular helical interaction could help maintain the stability of TDP-43 LCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two copolymers are synthesized: one (P1) has pendant azo and 5‐(1H‐1, 2, 3‐triazol‐1‐yl) pentanenitrile (TAPN) groups, and the other (P2) has pendant azo and pillar[5]arene groups. When the two copolymers are mixed in chloroform, an organogel with excellent self‐healing capability and dual‐stimulus responsiveness is formed. Reversible double noncovalent cross‐linked networks including host–guest complexation and π–π interactions are responsible for this property. A xerogel prepared from the organogel can capture iodine in aqueous media. The presence of many effective sorption sites including electron‐rich phenolic units and azo groups provides the xerogel with iodine uptake ability. The pillar[5]arene‐based gel can adsorb iodine and self‐heal rapidly, and therefore has potential as a long‐life adsorbent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are about 10 million people with epilepsy (PWE) in China. In addition to therapies approved by the National Medical Products Administration, the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is prevalent in Chines PWE. These CAM therapies mainly comprise traditional Chinese medicine herbs (TCMHs), acupuncture, and music. A retrospective literature search was performed to summarize the updates of CAM in China in the past ten years, and sixty‐two papers were finally included. In this following review, we listed the animal and clinical studies to summarize the antiepileptic mechanisms and clinical efficacy of CAM in Chines PWE. The main mechanisms of TCMHs and acupuncture included regulation of neurotransmitters and receptors, voltage‐gated ion channels modulation, expression of apoptosis‐related genes, antioxidant response, and anti‐inflammation. Although there were enormous clinical studies on them, the current available clinical trials were small, short‐term, heterogeneous, and had a high risk of bias. With regard to music, a few studies conducted by Chinese scholars suggested that it was beneficial for PWE as an add‐on therapy, which was consistent with the results of foreign studies. Further randomized clinical trials in large populations are required to prove the effectiveness and safety of CAM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]