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This questionnaire assesses drug knowledge, drug use practices, and attitudes in junior high school, senior high school, and college students. The 115 items (multiple choice, yes/no, agree/disagree, or completion) deal with personal and demographic data, general attitudes, attitudes toward institutions (police, American business, Army, etc.), "book" knowledge of drugs, "street" knowledge of drugs (drug argot and the like), attitudes toward drug use and users, and drug use practices. The instrument is untimed, group administered, and may be given by the classroom teacher. Interpretation of the general attitude items requires experience with personality measures. No technical data was available for review. See also TM 001 219. (DG)

This questionnaire assesses drug knowledge, drug use practices, and attitudes toward drugs in junior high school, senior high school, and college students. The 105 items (multiple choice, yes/no, or completion) are concerned with personal and demographic data, "book" knowledge of drugs, "street" knowledge of drugs (drug argot and the like), attitudes toward drugs and drug users, peer drug use, and personal drug use practices. The instrument is untimed, group administered, and may be given by the classroom teacher. Selected item response data and findings for samples of Washington State high school and junior college students are reported. No other technical data was available for review. This questionnaire was used to survey drug attitudes, knowledge and experience of students in Tacoma and Everett, Washington. The results are summarized. See also TM 001 220. (DG)

This study was designed to provide descriptive data on several samples of drug users and to compare these with non-drug users. The study focused on the characteristics of four groups: hippies, weekend hippies ("weekenders"), non-hippie drug users, and non-hippie non-users. Information was collected from study participants to provide descriptive data in the following areas: family backgrounds, their drug orientation and practices, attitudes and beliefs reflecting alienation, and their sexual orientation and practices. See TM 001 171 for the instrument used. (Author/DLG)

This 207-item questionnaire assesses drug-use practices, alienation, sexual orientation and practices, and wide ranging biographic and demographic factors in persons 14 years old and older. The instrument is untimed, and administered as a structured interview. Interviewers require a brief training period and some practice. See TM 001 169, 170 for responses of sample surveys. (DG)

"Hippies" were questioned about drug usage, personal background, and attitudes. It is suggested that the "hippie" movement is primarily a symptom of alienation from the dominant values of society, although the nature of the sample precludes firm generalization. (DG)

In 1968, a random sample of 70 Wesleyan University juniors participated in a study designed to: 1) determine the extent of drug usage among students; 2) investigate the social and psychological characteristics of users and non- users of marijuana; 3) investigate the attitudes and motivations of persons who had reacted differently to the increasing availability of marijuana. (MS)

This is a selected bibliography of materials to accompany a circulating preview collection. Included are materials in a variety of formats on both professional and student levels. The collection is composed of acceptable materials submitted by the publishers. The bibliography is arranged in sections to give both an overview and sources in specific subject areas as follows: (1) Mental Health-Personality Developments; (2) General Physical Health; (3) Drug Abuse Education-Sources of General Information; (4) Alcohol and Barbituates; (5) Cigarettes, Glue, and Other Inhalants; (6) Hallucinogins-LSD; (7) Hallucinogens-Marihuana; Heroin and Opiates; (8) Stimulants; (9) Drug Addiction-Treatment and Rehabilitation; (10) Drugs and the Law; and (11) 16 mm Film Selection Aids. (Author/BW)

The attitudes and life-style characteristics of 58 undergraduate nonusers of illegal drugs were evaluated through comparisons with 47 regular marijuana users. The nonusers were found to be more settled in their values, more goal-directed, and more involved academically. They also had higher Grade Point Averages. The nonusers appeared to be both knowledgeable and tolerant of marijuana use but to feel no need for its effects themselves. Statistics comparing the users and nonusers are presented on a number of other dimensions: (1) fraternity-sorority affiliation; (2) political attitudes; (3) satisfaction with the university; (4) stability of family; (5) religious preference; (6) involvement in work and extracurricular activities; (7) future career plans; (8) knowledge of sources of illegal drugs; (9) alcohol use; (10) attitude toward legalization of marijuana; and (11) attitudes toward LSD. It was concluded that nonusers share the traditional goals of working and studying hard to get ahead. (Author/BW)

During the Winter term of 1969, the University of Michigan Drug Education Committee charged its Survey Sub-Committee to prepare and administer a survey of University of Michigan student attitudes toward potential drug education programs, (see TM 001 090). The purpose of this survey was to determine what kinds of information about drugs were needed and desired by students and through what types of formats students were most likely to accept such information. Additionally, the extent and level of drug use on the campus was assessed with view to more accurate and effective planning of drug education programs. This report details the findings of that survey. (Author)

A citizen's Drug Abuse Evaluation Committee was formed in Utah to evaluate past research and gather new data on basic questions concerning the drug problem. This booklet provides information based on the Committee's research, hearings, and an investigation of the current drug abuse problem in Utah. Data was also obtained from recorded testimony of experts and professionals in the field of drug abuse, and of drug offenders. Two questionnaires used in the state survey are appended (see TM 001 087 and TM 001 088). (CK)

A 1968 study was undertaken in Michigan with the following objectives: 1) to determine drug utilization rates for public high school seniors; 2) to determine demographic, sociological, and social-psychological correlates of drug utilization; and 3) to acquire information relevant to present and future health education programs. A questionnaire (see TM 001 101) assessing drug use practices and attitudes toward drugs was administered to students in 11 high schools. The results are tabulated according to career aims, demographic data, student attitudes toward drugs, use of drugs, and ratings of nine information sources on drugs. (CK)

The New York State Narcotic Addiction Control Commission undertook a survey of the state to gather information on community attitudes and knowledge of drugs and drug abuse. An extensive questionnaire (see TM 001 085) was administered to a sample of 6105 persons, representative of the state, who were 13 years old or older. The research findings and data regarding community characteristics, prevalence of drug use, the public's knowledge of the effects of various drugs, and over-all attitudes on drug-related issues are presented. Numerous statistical tables are included. (CK)

This paper contains the results of a drug use questionnaire given to undergraduate and graduate students in various fields of study, in September 1967. The results are listed according to numerous considerations, among them, sex, age, marital status, study area, domicile, and type of drug used. The roles and policies of the University in education and student counseling are also discussed. See TM 001 083 for questionnaire. (DLG)

This questionnaire assesses drug use and attitudes toward drugs among college students. The 24 multiple choice items deal with personal data, use practices, use history, future use, and drug laws. The instrument is untimed and self-administering. Item response data and findings for a sample of 2,145 students are reported in: "A Survey of Drug Use at Ithaca College," Martin E. Rand, J. David Hammond, and Patricia J. Moscou in The Journal of The American College Health Association, October 1968, Vol. 17 Number 1. (DLG)

This bibliography consists of a total of 215 entries dealing with drug education, including curriculum guides, and drawn from documents in the ERIC system. There are two sections, the first containing 130 annotated citations of documents and journal articles, and the second containing 85 citations of journal articles without annotations, but with the index terms used in the system. (MBM)

A "Social Attitude Questionnaire" was used to obtain anonymous replies from 481 University of Houston (U.H.) and 470 University of Georgia (U. Ga.) freshmen concerning drug use and related attitudes. Among the most significant results were: (1) more U.H. freshmen endorsed negative statements about their parents than did U. Ga. students; (2) the reported rate of drug use was low (20%) for both groups when "user" referred to a person taking drugs more than once a month; (3) more U. Ga. freshmen use stimulants, and fewer use LSD than U.H. freshmen; and (4) student attitudes toward their drug-using contemporaries is positive and permissive, though this does not reflect a personal commitment to participate in the actual use of drugs. (Author/TL)

The bulk of this book is divided into 3 major sections: (1) teaching about drugs; (2) facts about drugs; and (3) supplementary reports which deal with legal aspects, prevention, drug use-student value correlations, motivation, etc. The section concerned with teaching about drugs provides concrete suggestions for elementary and secondary educators, as well as administrators. Much of the focus is on communication with youth. Facts are presented about marihuana, amphetamines, barbiturates, LSD, and heroin. In addition, there are discussions about drug dependence, one paper on pharmacologic therapy for narcotic-dependent persons, and a fact sheet on federal drug laws. Two shorter sections, which conclude the book, consider the use of films in drug abuse education and, in a somewhat different vein, discuss the essential components of an inservice drug education workshop. An annotated list of movies and a bibliography of selected references are included. (TL)

Administrators and counselors at one private and six public junior colleges in Nebraska answered questions and offered their opinions on and knowledge of drug use and abuse in their colleges. Topics covered by this study include: kinds of student involved; extent of the problem on Nebraska junior college campuses; factors that influence students to engage in drug use; personal opinions about the effects of drugs; and suggestions for solving the problem. (CA)

This selected list of references is designed to provide an introduction to both scientific and popular drug abuse literature. Criteria for selection are presented and include: (1) 1969 or 1970 books by recognized and authoritative writers, (2) current and responsible research, (3) classic books, articles and studies, and (4) factual popular literature. The bibliography specifies 21 major subject areas developed through working with the literature and consulting experts. Some of the areas covered are: (1) socio-cultural aspects, (2) law and public policy, (3) etiology, (4) treatment and rehabilitation, (5) prevention, (6) pharmacology, chemistry and toxicology, and (7) behavioral, physiological and psychological effects. (TL)

The increasing abuse of drugs by youth and its impact upon the community are discussed. Some young people use drugs as a substitute for psychological or physical help or as a means to be "in". There are many other reasons for drug abuse depending on the predisposition and motives involved and these are summarized. To comprehend the present trend in the illicit use of drugs one needs to understand adolescent dynamics. Although they have physiologically acquired the capacities of adults they are socially treated as children and not allowed to demonstrate their independence in all spheres. Consequently much of the adolescents behavior is an expression of his effort to achieve some degree of freedom from parents. Todays young people are extremely uneasy in our achievement oriented society and are trying to search for self discovery through involvement with drugs since our institutions are not solving their basic identity needs. Because of the deleterious effects of drugs on human beings and society we must find the solution to drug abuse. In most cases, drug users have deep emotional and psychological problems and thus should be helped instead of ostracized by the law and society. (RSM)

This study is designed to assess the benefits of LSD use as well as to examine personality, value, and attitudinal variables in order to characterize users and non users. The main assessment tool used was the in-depth interview. Subjects were 31 male and 8 female users and a non user group matched for education and age. The user was characterized by an alienation from conventional society and its values, a lack of commitment to a formal organized religion, a searching for values, a lack of clear goals, and a certain psychological ineffectiveness. In regard to further research, attention must be given to those who use marijuana or LSD infrequently. The study was limited by a difficulty in developing and defining dimensions which cut across all of the groups and the use of a sample drawn from a population varying little between users and non users. (EK)

This reports a conference of psychologists, psychiatrists, geneticists and others concerned with the biological and psychological effects of lysergic acid diethylamide and other hallucinogenic drugs. Clinical data are presented on adverse drug reactions. The difficulty of determining the causes of adverse reactions is discussed, as are different methods of therapy. Data are also presented on the psychological and physiological effects of L.S.D. given as a treatment under controlled medical conditions. Possible genetic effects of L.S.D. and other drugs are discussed on the basis of data from laboratory animals and humans. Also discussed are needs for futher research. The necessity to aviod scare techniques in disseminating information about drugs is emphasized. An appendix includes seven background papers reprinted from professional journals, and a bibliography of current articles on the possible genetic effects of drugs. (EB)

The enactment of California's "LSD Bill" is presented as an example of poor judgment in drug legislation on the state level. An appraisal of the nonmedical use of hallucinogens centering around the types of users, and the results of drug use, shows that the principal social impact of hallucinogens is on the personalities and values of the users. In an examination of the consequences of legal repression as a method of drug control, the following were considered: (1) the consequences of unrestricted use or of nonpunitive controls, (2) whether the laws are enforceable, (3) whether the prescribed punishment is commensurate with the offense, and (4) the value of deterrence versus the law's unintended side effects. Legal repression at the user level will probably be reduced in the future. The society will continue to disapprove of cultist withdrawal centered around the use of drugs, but individuals who seek pleasure or growth through drugs and pursue these goals within the social order will enjoy increasing social acceptance. (Author/PS)

The proceedings include seven selected papers. In one, Brewster S. Miller reports on the 1968 activities of the Medical and Scientific Department of the United Cerebral Palsy Associations. In another, James J. Gallagher anticipates the next 20 years in special education for the handicapped. Also considered are the following topics: new directions for the next 20 years of research, by Sidney Farber; a blueprint for prevention, by William Berenberg; control of infections contributing to brain dysfunction, by Louis Z. Cooper; more effective use of today's knowledge in better prenatal care, by Frederick C. Battaglia; and intrauterine diagnosis of fetal abnormality, by Henry L. Nadler. (JD)

The social and legal policies that control or prevent the use of mind-altering drugs are the main cause of the social problems arising from their use. The existing policies are ineffective; the wrong drugs receive the most attention and laws are directed at the wrong phase of the cycle of promotion, distribution and use. The following reforms are suggested: (1) legal penalties to control manufacturing and distributing of these drugs, (2) a ban on advertising of drugs, (3) reinstitution of probation, parole and suspended sentences for drug offenders, (4) permission for doctors to treat users, and (5) an end to the status of "crime" for using drugs. It is concluded that: (1) drug users should have available comprehensive outpatient public health programs, (2) educational programs that present the facts about and possible risks involved in using drugs should be made available to students and the public, (3) the Federal Bureau of Narcotics and other drug police agencies should be closed, and (4) we must attack the roots of drug use by improving the quality of American life and society. (Author/LS)

A drug abuse education program was implemented in grades five, seven, and nine in the Baltimore City Public Schools. Unit plans outline the curriculum content and learning activities for each of the three grades. The major objective in grade five is to familiarize pupils with various medically used drugs and to develop an understanding that they may be both beneficial or harmful according to the way they are utilized. In grade seven the pharmocology of drugs is studied in greater detail and an understanding of the sociopsychological aspects of drug usage is developed. The role of effective interpersonal relationships in preventing drug abuse is also stressed. In grade nine drug abuse is studied as a community problem and the topics include: (1) a description of medicinal uses of, and abuse reactions to depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, narcotics, and solvents; (2) drug dependence and tolerance; (3) drug laws and regulations; (4) rehabilitation; and (5) decision-making processes. Throughout the program the students are recognized as participants and are encouraged to share ideas, think logically, and arrive at valid conclusions. Particular stress is placed on teaching young people how to make wise decisions. A bibliography for further reading on the subject is included. (RSM)

The author views middle class adolescent, drug cult drop-outs as lacking, for a variety of reasons, father figures with whom they could interact in a normal and healthy rebellion. On this basis, he devised exclusion therapy which establishes, for resistive clients, a kind of severity of initiation. The paper describes the process as follows: a strong, admirable therapist who seems to hold out the opportunity to help the youths grow up, demands of them seven full days free of addiction prior to being admitted to therapy. Individual therapy and subsequent group therapy are both kept continuously contingent on "cleanness." The paper describes the population with which exclusion therapy was developed: 282 adolescents, age 15-25, who self-described themselves as hippies, drop-outs, drug freaks, etc. The major emphasis of the technique is elaborated, with a constant focus on the consistency of the father-figure therapist. The discussion which concludes the paper stresses that exclusion therapy is not for everyone, but that it had been effective on a large percentage of its resistive client population. (TL)

The basic intent of this two-week unit is to help students become aware of the physiological, sociological, and legal aspects of drug use. An effort has been made to avoid being moralistic, in providing the student with the latest information so that he can arrive at intelligent decisions. This teaching guide is divided into topical outlines: the individual, the family, and the community and society. Each section contains objectives, generalizations, suggested activities and procedures from which to choose, bibliographic sources, and methods for evaluation of student understandings. A resource section includes: pretest on knowledge of durgs, an attitude inventory, suggestions for brief lectures, fact sheets, and a guide to multimedia resources. The teaching unit is intended to be used in conjunction with the other three parts of the unit: Teacher's Packet, Box of Resource Materials, and Books and Pamphlets. (JLB)

The author feels that the university's response to drugs should be based on contemporary philosophy of student-university relationships which emphasize the primacy of learning and student development in an atmosphere of academic and personal freedom. This response should be two-fold: (1) education, and (2) provision of help to those involved in drugs. An informal, eclectic approach to education is recommended and several suggestions offered: (1) drug information courses and/or dissemination of information to administrators, faculty, residence hall advisors, etc., (2) the informal use of low-pressure publications, and (3) cooperation with students, previously involved with drugs, who want to help. A close scrutiny of existing services and their effectiveness in responding to student needs is urged. Other areas broached include: (1) confidentiality, (2) the use of extra-university agencies, clinics, drop-ins, etc., (3) the university's role vis-a-vis current drug legislation, and (4) the appropriateness of institutional discipline. (TL)

This is a bibliographical compilation of much of the literature pertinent to the current drug emphasis which has appeared since c. 1960. It is divided into two general sections: (1) books and pamphlets; and (2) articles. In all, there are 13 books and pamphlets on LSD, three on marihuana, and 52 of a more general nature. Articles are more numerous, and included approximately 300 entries, rather evenly divided among the same categories. (TFL)

Initial data from a survey of drug usage among college students was presented. A large-scale effort was made to produce reliable figures on: (1) drug use patterns; (2) attitudes toward drug use; and (3) incidence of drug use among college students. Questionnaires were answered by 26,000 college students from the Denver-Boulder area, who were delineated according to sex, age, race, religious background, marital status, academic year and standing, field of concentration, living situation, type of school, parental income and social class. The questionnaire addressed itself to the following issues: (1) frequency of use; (2) mood states at the time of usage; (3) age at first usage and reasons for continuing or discontinuing the use of drugs; (4) attitudes of users and non-users toward drug use; (5) plans for future use; and (6) attitudes toward drug legislation. The data, which focused primarily on amphetamines, marihuana, and LSD, were carefully analyzed. The liabilities of this type of research are mentioned. (TL)

The results of a survey of over 1800 junior high and senior high school students are presented. Purposes of the survey were: (1) to obtain information about the extent of drug use and experimentation; (2) to obtain suggestions for improving Minneapolis Public Schools' health education curriculum; and (3) to pretest the drug education questionnaire which is subsequently to be used city-wide. Response indicated that: (1) 15-25% of the students have tried marihuana; (2) few students indicate regular use of harder drugs; (3) the majority of students say that most drugs are harmful; and (4) most students view both marihuana and tobacco as harmful. School classes, books, magazines, friends, T.V., and movies were given as the major source of drug information. Recommendations for the curriculum are included. (TL)