Search

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) causes movement disorders [called motor symptoms (MS)], and motor dysfunction poses a great barrier to the quality of life. Although pharmacological therapy like levodopa can relieve the symptoms, it can also cause complications, such as psychosis, nausea, and dyskinesia. A therapy with more minor side effects is needed for PD. Therapeutic massages are the most commonly used forms of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), but no systematic review and meta-analysis have focused on the efficacy of massage on PD. Objective: To evaluate the quality of evidence and efficacy of therapeutic massage for improving MS in PD. Methods: We independently searched four electronic databases, including Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about therapeutic massage and other available manual therapies improving MS in PD from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2021 (recent 10 years). The main outcome measures were total effectiveness and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), including UPDRS total, II, and III. For the statistical analysis, the risk ratio, standard mean difference, and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to calculate effect sizes between groups. To determine heterogeneity, statistical index I² was used. Results: A total of 363 PD participants in seven RCTs and one randomized pilot-control study were included in this meta-analysis. The total effectiveness showed that therapeutic massage was more effective than the intervention of the control group for improving MS [ratio risk (RR): 1.33, 95% CI (1.14-1.55), p = 0.0002]. The UPDRS-III scores showed that massage improves motor function more than the control group [SMD = -0.46, 95% CI (-0.67, -0.24), p < 0.00001]. But we found that massage performed no better than the control group in improving daily life activities [SMD = -0.15, 95% CI (-0.40, 0.10), p = 0.23]. Conclusion: Therapeutic massage was effective in improving MS in PD. It is suggested to be an appropriate form of CAM in treating PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Which countries are likely to be subjects of research in the study of armed conflict? Evidence from other fields suggests that research often focuses disproportionately on the West, but it is unclear to what extent this is true in conflict studies. We suggest that a baseline explanation of research focus is each country's conflict experience, and we present two additional hypotheses: Western bias and research feasibility. Empirically, we count countries in the abstracts of five prominent conflict or security journals, 1990–2015. We also manually count single-country case studies. Western countries, measured by U.N. voting or geographic location, appear more than non-Western countries, even after considering conflict, wealth, and other factors. There is less support for the research feasibility argument, measured by each country's official languages and democracy. We find French- and Spanish-language countries less likely to appear in the literature. We conclude with a discussion of under-studied countries and offer related suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients have been found to be more susceptible to metabolic syndrome (MetS), but the results remain unclear and lack of a meta-analysis. Databases including PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify all studies concerning HCV and MetS. Funnel plots combined with Begg's tests and Egger's tests were used to analysis the possible publication bias. The odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to access the effect of HCV infection on the risk of MetS. Eight articles, involving a total of 57387 HCV patients were included. HCV infection was significantly associated with an increased incidence of MetS (OR = 1.73; 95% CI, 1.19–2.52). After adjustment according to the sensitivity analysis, one included article was removed to decrease the publication bias and high heterogeneity, of which the results showed that HCV infection was still associated with an increased incidence of MetS (OR = 1.93; 95% CI, 1.39–2.68). HCV patients tend to have a significant increased risk for MetS, but more large-scale studies are needed to confirm this and explore the exact mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Les troubles somatoformes sont considérés comme difficiles à soigner. Peu enseignés, ils sont pourtant fréquents en soins primaires et responsables d'une grande détresse chez les patients. L'objectif de ce travail est de mettre en lumière les moyens thérapeutiques ayant fait leurs preuves dans la prise en charge de ces troubles. Méthodes: Une revue systématique de méta-analyses a été réalisée à partir des bases de données Medline, Cochrane Library et Embase, sans restriction de date. Les méta-analyses s'intéressant principalement aux troubles somatoformes ou aux symptômes médicalement inexpliqués ont été incluses, sans limite d'âge. Les méta-analyses sur les syndromes somatiques spécifiques d'organe (syndrome de l'intestin irritable ou fibromyalgie) ou de fonction, ainsi que l'hypocondrie, le syndrome dysmorphique ou les troubles conversifs ont été exclues. Tous types d'interventions thérapeutiques étaient inclus. Résultats: Sur 412 études sélectionnées, 12 méta-analyses ont été incluses. Sept méta-analyses évaluaient l'efficacité des psychothérapies, une les traitements pharmacologiques, une la formation des médecins généralistes à des soins améliorés, et trois portaient sur différents modèles de consultation en collaboration avec un psychiatre. Les psychothérapies ont montré un effet significatif sur les symptômes somatiques, le handicap fonctionnel, l'utilisation des soins de santé et les symptômes d'anxiété et de dépression. Les différents modèles de soins collaboratifs ont montré un effet significatif sur les symptômes somatiques, le handicap fonctionnel et l'utilisation de soins de santé. Les antidépresseurs de nouvelle génération, inhibiteurs sélectifs de la sérotonine (ISRS) seuls (fluoxétine, venlafaxine ou escitalopram) ou ISRS associés à un antipsychotique (citalopram et palipéridone) ou (paroxétine et quétiapine), et les traitements à base de plantes (millepertuis, combiné de racine de pétasite, de racine de valériane, de passiflore et de feuille de mélisse) ont montré un effet significatif sur les symptômes somatiques ou les symptômes de dépression. Conclusions: Malgré des preuves limitées et des effets de petite taille, ces résultats sont intéressants devant la prévalence de ces troubles. Ces thérapeutiques doivent s'intégrer dans une prise en charge centrée sur le patient dans un modèle bio-psycho-social. Somatoform disorders are considered difficult to treat. Little taught, they are nevertheless frequent in primary care and responsible for great distress in patients. The objective of this work is to highlight the therapeutic means that have proven themselves in the management of these disorders. Methods: A systematic review of meta-analyses was carried out using the Medline, Cochrane Library and Embase databases, without date restriction. Meta-analyses focusing primarily on somatoform disorders or medically unexplained symptoms were included, with no age limit. Meta-analyses on organ-specific somatic syndromes (irritable bowel syndrome or fibromyalgia) or function, as well as hypochondriasis, dysmorphic syndrome or conversion disorders were excluded. All types of therapeutic interventions were included. Results: Of 412 studies selected, 12 meta-analyses were included. Seven meta-analyses evaluated the effectiveness of psychotherapies, one pharmacological treatments, one the training of general practitioners in improved care, and 3 concerned different models of consultation in collaboration with a psychiatrist. Psychotherapies showed a significant effect on somatic symptoms, functional impairment, health care utilization, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. The different collaborative care models showed a significant effect on somatic symptoms, functional impairment and health care utilization. Newer generation antidepressants, selective serotonin inhibitors (SSRIs) alone (fluoxetine, venlafaxine, or escitalopram) or SSRIs plus an antipsychotic (citalopram and paliperidone) or (paroxetine and quetiapine), and herbal treatments (St. combined butterbur root, valerian root, passionflower and lemon balm leaf) showed a significant effect on somatic symptoms or symptoms of depression. Conclusions: Despite limited evidence and small effect sizes, these results are interesting given the prevalence of these disorders. These therapies must be integrated into patient-centered care in a bio-psycho-social model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mesure et Évaluation en Éducation is the property of ADMEE-Canada and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper takes a meta-analysis and synthesis approach to emphasize systemic functional linguistics' contribution to translation studies. A coding book was designed to analyze 123 studies collected through email inquiry, database search, and manual examination. The paper reports on the substantive features and methodological features of the studies. Content analysis was presented on four major research themes: general translation, genre translation, interpreting, and translation training. After discussing the synthesis results, the paper is concluded with implications for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The L2 Motivational Self System (L2MSS) has strongly contributed to current understandings about the conceptualization of language motivation and the interconnections between L2 motivation and maximized learning outcomes. Research informed by the L2MSS has been extensive, and is on the increase. The accumulating body of empirical work in this area calls for meta‐analytic and synthetic assessments. Situated within the L2MSS framework, the present meta‐analysis examines the overall effectiveness of L2 motivation on language learning and addresses the relationship between L2 motivation and variables that moderate its effectiveness. A total of 17 published studies, involving 18,832 language learners, were meta‐analyzed through calculating effect sizes. The results indicate a large effect of L2 motivation on language learning. Moderator analyses also reveal that the overall L2 motivation construct is multifaceted, and its effectiveness is constituted and shaped in interaction with learner age, gender, educational level, learning context, target language, learning outcomes, and geographical locations. From this basis, we contextualize the findings, discuss implications, and consider areas for further work on L2 motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tijdschrift voor Veiligheid is the property of Boom uitgevers Den Haag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This meta-analysis of cohort studies was performed to investigate the effect of cross-country skiing on atrial fibrillation risk. Databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Internet were searched from the inception dates to April 25, 2021. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the quality of the studies. A meta-analysis using random-effects model was performed to estimate the overall relative risks (RR) of atrial fibrillation incidence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the individuals with cross-country skiers and general population. After screening 116 titles/abstracts and 11 full-text studies identified in the search, 6 studies (from 11 cohorts) and a total of 1,901,833 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to non-skiers, the overall relative risks (RR) of atrial fibrillation incidence had no significant difference (RR, 0.93; 95%CI: 0.80–1.07, P = 0.25) and had a high heterogeneity. Results of Meta-analysis indicated sex was a main source of heterogeneity. After excluding the 2 female cohorts (RR = 0.63, RR = 0.47, respectively) and 1 relative low quality cohort, the result of 8 cohorts shows there was an 8% increased risk of atrial fibrillation (pooled RR = 1.08; 95%CI: 1.02–1.14). Findings from this meta-analysis indicate that male cross-country skiers are associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation, but a reduced risk in female skiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La gonarthrose est une maladie dégénérative courante qui représente un lourd fardeau économique et sanitaire. Les traitements symptomatiques médicaux actuels comprennent les infiltrations intra-articulaires (IA) de corticoïdes (CO), dont l'efficacité et le profil de sécurité ne font pas l'unanimité. Nous avons réalisé une revue systématique de la littérature (RSL) et une méta-analyse d'essais comparatifs randomisés (ECR) évaluant les effets des infiltrations IA de CO dans la gonarthrose. Les effets des interventions sur la douleur et la capacité fonctionnelle ont été extraits des études individuelles et les différences moyennes standardisées (DMS) compilées ont été calculées. Sur 520 études sélectionnées, 23 ont été incluses dans la RSL et 15 ont ensuite été prises en compte pour la méta-analyse. À court terme (≤ 6 semaines), nous avons observé une tendance à un effet supérieur des infiltrations IA de CO par rapport aux interventions témoins concernant la douleur (DMS −0,61 [IC 95 % −1,25 à 0,03]) et la capacité fonctionnelle (DMS −1,02 [IC 95 % −2,14 à 0,10]), tandis que l'analyse du suivi à long terme (≥ 24 semaines) montrait une tendance à la supériorité des traitements témoins (acide hyaluronique IA, anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens IA, physiothérapie) pour la douleur (DMS 0,68 [IC 95 % −0,11 à 1,47]) et la capacité fonctionnelle (DMS 0,88 [IC 95 % −0,36 à 2,12]). Aucune différence entre les interventions n'a été relevée à moyen terme (> 6 semaines et < 24 semaines). Dans cette revue, les infiltrations IA de CO ont réduit la douleur et amélioré la capacité fonctionnelle peu de temps après l'administration (≤ 6 semaines) par rapport au placebo, mais ce résultat n'a pas atteint la significativité statistique pour d'autres comparateurs (acide hyaluronique IA ou physiothérapie). Il semble que d'autres interventions soient plus efficaces sur le long terme (≥ 24 semaines), mais cet effet est fortement influencé par des études individuelles ayant des ampleurs d'effet importantes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In patients with late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD), the efficacy of the enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant human alpha-glucosidase (rhGAA) is difficult to evaluate, due to the clinical heterogeneity and the small sample sizes in published studies. Therefore, we conduct a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the literature to evaluate the efficacy of ERT in LOPD patients considering the walking distance, respiratory function and muscle strength. Particularly, six-minute walk test (6MWT), forced vital capacity (FVC), medical research council (MRC) grading, quantitative muscle testing (QMT), and quick motor function test (QMFT) were outcomes of interest. Overall, 619 studies were identified in PubMed, EMBASE and by manual search on July 18th, 2020. After an initial assessment, 16 studies were included in the meta-analysis, containing clinical data from 589 patients with LOPD. For the 6MWT, 419 patients were analyzed. Walking distance improved on average, 32.2 m greater during the observed period (p = 0.0003), compared to the distance at the baseline. The meta-analysis did not show any improvement in FVC and only a tendency towards better muscle strength after treatment with ERT, but the difference was not statistically significant. In conclusion, the available data showed that ERT has a significant beneficial efficacy in the improvement of walking distance in LOPD patients and a non-significant improvement of muscle strength. No improvement in respiratory capacity was found. More prospective and controlled trials are needed to demonstrate a clear clinical benefit of ERT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic led to a violent debate about the efficacy of a repurposed drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and a new broad-spectrum antiviral (remdesivir) and about randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies. To understand conflicting results in the literature, we performed a metasynthesis to determine whether intrinsic qualitative criteria within studies may predict apparent efficacy or ineffectiveness of HCQ and remdesivir. Methodology: Predictive criteria were identified through critical review of studies assessing HCQ and remdesivir for COVID-19 mortality from March to November 2020. Multiple correspondence analysis, comparative metaanalysis, and predictive value were used to explore and identify criteria associated with study outcomes. Results: Among the 61 included studies, potential conflict of interest, detailed therapeutic protocol, toxic treatment (overdose or use in contraindicated patients), known centers and doctors, and private data computing company were the most predictive criteria of the direction of effect of the studies. All 18 observational studies evaluating HCQ and reporting detailed therapeutic protocol without conflict of interest were Pro. Potential conflict of interest was a perfect predictor for remdesivir efficacy. RCTs were associated with HCQ inefficacy and potential conflict of interest. The most predictive criteria were validated and allowed perfect classification of 10 additional studies. Conclusion: In therapeutic trials on COVID-19, the major biases predicting the conclusions are not methodology nor data analysis, but conflict of interest and absence of medical expertise. The thorough search for declared or undeclared and direct or indirect conflict of interest, and medical expertise should be included in the quality criteria for the evaluation of future therapeutic studies in COVID-19 and beyond. A new checklist evaluating not only methodology but also conflict of interest and medical expertise is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Synergies Algérie is the property of GERFLINT (Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches pour le Francais Langue Internationale) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Quand plusieurs études par comparaison de groupes (intervention et témoin) portent sur une même intervention en milieu scolaire, la synthèse de leurs résultats permet d’évaluer l’effet de cette intervention et de répondre aux attentes des praticiens, mais aussi d’orienter les recherches futures. C’est dans ce but que sont réalisées des synthèses quantitatives ou encore des méta-analyses. Pour chacune des études sélectionnées, une taille d’effet est calculée, qui est le g de Hedges (différence standardisée des moyennes des deux groupes) quand la variable à expliquer est un score post-test. La taille d’effet globale est alors estimée en suivant dans la plupart des cas le modèle des effets aléatoires. Enfin, pour conclure quant à l’intérêt de l’intervention, les tailles d’effet sont traduites en nombre de mois de progrès. Un exemple numérique est proposé pour faciliter la compréhension des modèles analytiques mis en oeuvre dans une méta-analyse pour les cas les plus simples.

Objective: Our aim in this study was to systematically assess the association of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) vs dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) with pneumonia, COVID-19, and adverse respiratory events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)., Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were retrieved to include studies on DM patients receiving SGLT2i (exposure group) or DPP4i (control group). Stata version 15.0 statistical software was used for the meta-analysis., Results: Ten studies were included, all 10 of which were used for the qualitative review and 7 for the meta-analysis. According to the meta-analysis, patients receiving SGLT2i had a lower incidence of pneumonia (odds ratio [OR] 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.51 to 0.74) and pneumonia risk (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.68, p=0.000) compared with those receiving DPP4i. The same situation was seen for mortality for pneumonia (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.60) and pneumonia mortality risk (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.51). There was lower mortality due to COVID-19 (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.34) and a lower hospitalization rate (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.68, p=0.000) and incidence of mechanical ventilation (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.83, p=0.000) due to COVID-19 in patients with type 2 DM receiving SGLT2i. Qualitative analysis results show that SGLT2i were associated with a lower incidence of COVID-19, lower risk of obstructive airway disease events, and lower hospitalization rate of health-care-associated pneumonia than DPP4i., Conclusion: In patients with type 2 DM, SGLT2i are associated with a lower risk of pneumonia, COVID-19, and mortality than DPP4i., (Copyright © 2024 Canadian Diabetes Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Copyright of Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Management international / International Management / Gestiòn Internacional is the property of Management International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Management international / International Management / Gestiòn Internacional is the property of Management International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article aims to raise awareness of the growing importance of systematic reviews in the human and social sciences and the various ways in which libraries can support such studies. It describes the development of Systematic Reviews over the last ten years, analyses which roles can be played by subject librarians and information specialists and gives recommendations on the concrete contribution that the professional group of academic librarians can make to such research projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The efficacy of hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) in glioblastoma (GBM) without age restrictions remains unclear. The aim of this meta-analysis is to access the survival outcomes of HFRT in these patients. A comprehensive electronic literature search of PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library was conducted up to June 1, 2020. The main evaluation data were the overall survival (OS) rate at 12 months and 24 months and the progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 6 and 12 months. The secondary evaluation data was the incidence of radionecrosis and adverse events. The study was performed using R "meta" package. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria, which totally contained 484 participants. The 12-month OS and 24-month OS rate of HFRT in GBM were 71.3% and 34.8%, while the 6-month PFS and 12-month rate were 74.0% and 40.8%. Compared to low-BED (biological equivalent dose) schedules (< 78 Gy), high-BED schedules may increase survival benefit both in PFS-6 (P = 0.003) and PFS-12 (P = 0.011), while the difference did not show on OS. Different dose per fraction had no significant effect on both OS and PFS. Incidence of radionecrosis was 14.2%. Although the overall incidence of adverse reactions cannot be quantified, the toxicity of HFRT was acceptable. Compared with survival data for standard treatment, HFRT seemed to improve overall survival and progression-free survival, while high BED schedules may future increase benefit on PFS. Meanwhile, the toxicity of HFRT was tolerable. Further randomised controlled clinical studies are needed to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parental reflective functioning (PRF) is an important predictor of infant attachment, and interventions that target parent–infant/toddler dyads who are experiencing significant problems have the potential to improve PRF. A range of dyadic interventions have been developed over the past two decades, some of which explicitly target PRF as part of their theory of change, and some that do not explicitly target PRF, but that have measured it as an outcome. However, no meta‐analytic review of the impact of these interventions has been carried out to date. The aim of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of dyadic interventions targeting parents of infant and toddlers, in improving PRF and a number of secondary outcomes. A systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted in which key electronic databases were searched up to October 2018. Eligible studies were identified and data extracted. Data were synthesised using meta‐analysis and expressed as both effect sizes and risk ratios. Six studies were identified providing a total of 521 participants. The results of six meta‐analyses showed a nonsignificant moderate improvement in PRF in the intervention group (standardised mean difference [SMD]: –0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI] [–0.97, 0.04]) and a significant reduction in disorganised attachment (risk ratio: 0.50; 95% CI [0.27, 0.90]). There was no evidence for intervention effects on attachment security (odds ratio: 0.71; 95% CI [0.19, 2.64]), parent–infant interaction (SMD: –0.10; 95% CI [–0.46, 0.26]), parental depression (SMD: –1.55; 95% CI [–3.74, 0.64]) or parental global distress (SMD: –0.19, 95% CI [–3.04, 22.65]). There were insufficient data to conduct subgroup analysis (i.e. to compare the effectiveness of mentalisation‐based treatment with non‐mentalization‐based treatment interventions). Relational early interventions may have important benefits in improving PRF and reducing the prevalence of attachment disorganisation. The implications for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La relation entre parodontite et polyarthrite rhumatoïde (PR) a fait l'objet de nombreuses études cliniques. L'insuffisance des éléments probants et l'incohérence des résultats de ces études ne permettent cependant pas de déterminer clairement si la présence d'une parodontite augmente le risque de PR. Cette méta-analyse a été réalisée dans le but d'évaluer si la parodontite constitue un facteur de risque de PR. Les études comparant des patients atteints de parodontite et des témoins ont été recherchées dans les bases de données PubMed , Cochrane Library , Embase , Web of Science et Wanfang. L' odds ratio (OR) et l'intervalle de confiance (IC) à 95 % compilés ont été calculés pour évaluer l'association entre parodontite et PR. Treize études comportant au total 706 611 patients atteints de parodontite et 349 983 témoins ont été incluses. L'OR compilé du risque de PR entre patients présentant une parodontite et témoins était de 1,69 (IC 95 % 1,31–2,17 ; p < 0,0001), indiquant que les patients du groupe parodontite avaient un risque 69 % plus important de PR que ceux du groupe témoin. Après stratification par type de maladie, les résultats compilés ont montré que la parodontite constituait un facteur de risque de PR incidente (OR 1,70 ; IC 95 % 0,75–3,85 ; p < 0,001) et de PR tous types confondus (OR 1,61 ; IC 95 % 1,26–2,06 ; p < 0,001). Après stratification par durée de la maladie, les résultats compilés ont montré que la parodontite constituait un facteur de risque de PR > 5 ans (OR 2,88 ; IC 95 % 0,66–12,62 ; p < 0,005), de PR < 5 ans (OR 2,59 ; IC 95 % 0,83–8,11 ; p < 0,001) et de maladie toutes durées confondues (OR 1,53 ; IC 95 % 1,05–2,22 ; p < 0,001). Notre méta-analyse a révélé un risque plus important de PR chez les patients présentant une parodontite que chez les témoins en bonne santé. De plus, la stratification par type de maladie a indiqué un risque plus élevé de PR incidente en cas de parodontite. Lorsque les patients ont été stratifiés par durée de la maladie, une association plus étroite entre parodontite et PR > 5 ans a pu être discernée. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La maladie de Dupuytren (MD) est une affection fréquente dans la population générale et dont plusieurs facteurs de risque sont bien connus, notamment le diabète, l'alcool et l'âge. Dans cette méta-analyse, nous avons évalué le rôle de l'exposition professionnelle aux vibrations dans le risque de MD, une question controversée. Nous avons recherché des références dans les publications des bases de données PubMed, Google Scholar et Cochrane Library jusqu'en juin 2019. La prévalence de la MD a été calculée par une méta-analyse des proportions. Les différences concernant les caractéristiques des patients atteints de MD et celles des témoins ont été exprimées en différences moyennes standardisées par la méthode de l'inverse de la variance ou en pourcentages, là aussi par une méta-analyse des proportions. Nous avons effectué des analyses de méta-régression pour évaluer les effets de la consommation d'alcool, du tabagisme, de l'âge et du sexe sur l'incidence de la MD chez des patients atteints de cette maladie et exposés à des vibrations. Nous avons inclus neuf études pour un total de 60 570 patients, dont 1804 atteints de MD. La prévalence de la MD était de 9,8 % (IC 95 % 5,9–14,4 %). Par rapport aux témoins, les patients atteints de MD étaient plus âgés, plus souvent diabétiques, plus souvent fumeurs et consommaient davantage d'alcool. La méta-analyse des neuf études longitudinales comparant la survenue de la MD entre patients exposés aux vibrations (626 sur 6825) et non exposés (1220 sur 52 502) a révélé une incidence de MD significativement plus importante dans le groupe exposé (OR = 2,87 ; IC 95 % 1,41–5,84). La méta-régression n'a mis en évidence d'influence significative d'aucun des paramètres sur la MD. L'âge et les facteurs environnementaux n'ont pas eu d'effet sur la prévalence de la MD chez les patients exposés aux vibrations, alors que la prévalence dans ce groupe était de 10 %. L'utilisation d'outils générant des vibrations au travail devrait être reconnue comme un facteur de risque important de survenue de la MD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Family Research (JFR) is the property of University of Bamberg Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

I conduct a meta-analysis of the Canadian minimum wage literature, using meta-regression methods to determine whether this literature has a publication bias and the size of the empirical effect after adjusting for this bias. For teenagers, the demographic group with the largest share of minimum wage workers and thus providing the findings of most interest to policy-makers and legislators, I find no evidence of a publication bias and a minimum wage elasticity of about −0.27. I also discuss the implications of my findings for researchers and policy-makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although decades of research have identified robust effects of word frequency (WF) on memory performance, the comparatively smaller body of research examining the impact of WF on judgments of learning (JOLs) has yielded inconsistent findings. The purpose of this brief meta-analytic review is to synthesize the existing literature examining WF effects on JOLs with the aim of clarifying the extent to which such judgments are influenced by WF, and to identify some potential moderators of this effect. In analysing 17 experiments across 6 published and 1 unpublished studies, a small, but reliable effect of WF on JOLs was found (g = .23), with high frequency (HF) words afforded higher JOLs than low frequency (LF) words. There was, however, extensive heterogeneity among the effect sizes, implying that the WF effect on JOLs is subject to the influence of potentially many different moderator variables. The potential implications of this finding for understanding the sources of information that guide JOLs are discussed. In addition, speculation as to potential moderators contributing to the observed heterogeneity is offered, and emphasis is placed on the importance of considering item-level variability when items are nested within the conditions to be contrasted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Orthodontie Française is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geneesmiddelenbulletin is the property of Stichting Geneesmiddelenbulletin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: To analyse the accuracy of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) diagnostic methods and evaluate the quality of the existing publications by means of a systematic review.Methods: Diagnostic tests evaluated in at least two studies with common reference standards were included in the sensitivity and/or specificity meta-analyses. Quality and susceptibility to bias were analysed using the QUADAS-2 and STARD tools.Results: The title and abstract of 3387 publications were evaluated after deduplication resulting from database searches. Thirty-eight studies were included in the review, and 26 of them had results inserted in meta-analyses. The diagnostic methods with the highest pooled sensitivity values were ELISA, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), indirect immunofluorescence reaction and Montenegro's intradermal reaction. Cytometry was assessed in only two studies and presented 100% sensitivity in both. Smear slide microscopy and histopathology showed low pooled values of sensitivity. For specificity, the highest pooled values were identified for PCR. High values were also identified for ELISA, except for studies in which the reference standard for defining negative participants included individuals with Chagas' disease or paracoccidioidomycosis, which also occurred for cytometry. IFR had lower specificities than ELISA. There was a predominance of case-control designs of phase 1 or 2 and only four studies were strongly recommended as evidence generators. Several reference standards were adopted, and different methods were assessed in a small number of studies.Conclusion: PCR showed the highest accuracy for the diagnosis of ATL, and its use should be encouraged in clinical practice. ELISA is recommended for the screening of suspected individuals, but the possibility of cross-reactions should be considered. New validation studies for the tests evaluated in few publications and studies of phase 3 with appropriate methods are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in individuals living in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC).Methods: We searched the MEDLINE, Embase and Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) databases until 08 August 2019 for all studies on the subject, without time or language restrictions. Original studies reporting the prevalence of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin simultaneously (MDR) in LAC, the prevalence of resistance in cases with no previous treatment (new cases) and the prevalence of resistance in previously treated cases were selected. Considering the expected heterogeneity between studies, all analyses were performed using the random effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic.Results: We included 91 studies from 16 countries. The estimated overall prevalence was 13.0% (95% CI 12.0-14.0%), and the heterogeneity between studies was substantial (I2  = 96.1%). In the subgroup analyses, it was observed that the prevalence of MDR-TB among new cases was 7.0% (95% CI 6.0-7.0%) and in previously treated cases was 26.0% (95% CI 24.0-28.0%).Conclusions: This review highlights multidrug resistance to antituberculosis drugs in LAC, indicating that prevention strategies have not been effective. Government institutions should invest heavily in strategies for early diagnosis and the rapid availability of effective treatments and prioritise adequate protection for health professionals. In addition, screening programmes should be adopted to prevent secondary cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various studies have shown that Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) supplementation has lipid-lowering activity. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of fenugreek supplementation on human serum lipid profile. Data sources were PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Coherence library which were searched systematically from January 2000 up to December 2019. Inclusion criteria were randomized clinical trial (RCT) study design, at least one of lipid profile components (triglyceride [TG], total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) levels measured before fenugreek use and one of the lipid components level reported as result. The pooled weighted mean difference (MD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated and pooled using a random-effect model. Only articles published in English were considered. Fifteen RCTs involving 281 cases consumed fenugreek and 255 control cases in controlled group (11 articles) and 136 cases in uncontrolled group (4 articles) were analyzed in our study. Pooled data of indicated a significant impact of fenugreek supplementation on lowering TC (-1.13 [-1.88, -0.37]; p = .003), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (-1.26 [-2.09, -0.43]; p = .003), and TG (-1.07 [-1.82, -0.33]; p = 0.005) and increasing the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level (0.70 [0.07, 1.34]; p = .03) compared with the control group. There were no significant differences in TC, TG, and LDL between pre- and post-fenugreek studies in the noncontrolled studies however, the result of combination of four studies without control group showed a significant increase in mean HDL (0.81 [0.33,1.29]; p-value = .001). The results of subgroup analysis showed that the fenugreek reduced the TG and LDL and increases HDL levels in diabetic subjects more effectively. Fenugreek supplementation significantly improved lipid profile (LDL, TG, TC, and HDL). It could be considered as an effective lipid-lowering medicinal plant. Further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of the plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Publizistik: Vierteljahreshefte für Kommunikationsforschung is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Différents sous-types d'AJI sont associés à des fréquences variables d'uvéite. • Parmi les maladies rhumatismales juvéniles, la fréquence de l'uvéite est la plus élevée dans la maladie de Behçet juvénile, suivie de l'AJI (sous-type oligoarthrite). • La fréquence de l'atteinte oculaire dans les maladies rhumatismales juvéniles varie selon la région géographique. Cette méta-analyse a étudié la fréquence et le type des atteintes oculaires dans les arthrites inflammatoires et d'autres maladies rhumatismales juvéniles. Nous avons recherché les publications relatives aux arthrites et maladies rhumatismales juvéniles décrivant la fréquence de l'uvéite dans un contexte de rhumatisme juvénile et incluant au moins 20 patients dans les bases de données Medline, Web of Science et Cochrane, entre leur date de création et septembre 2018. La prévalence et le type des complications oculaires ont été extraits et leur fréquence a été estimée par des modèles à effets aléatoires. L'hétérogénéité a été évaluée au moyen du test I2. Un total de 59 articles résultant de 7132 citations uniques ont été inclus. La fréquence compilée de l'uvéite était de 24 % dans l'AJI oligoarticulaire, 12 % dans l'AJI polyarticulaire, 1 % dans l'AJI systémique, 50 % dans la maladie de Behçet (MB) juvénile, 9 % dans le rhumatisme psoriasique (RPso) juvénile, 24 % dans la spondyloarthropathie (SpA) juvénile et 5 % dans le lupus érythémateux systémique (LES) juvénile. Le type d'uvéite le plus fréquent dans l'AJI était l'uvéite antérieure, observée dans 14 % des cas et décrite comme une iridocyclite chez 10 % des patients. Le biais de publication était négligeable pour toutes les affections à l'exception de celles ayant été peu étudiées (LES juvénile et AJI systémique). L'uvéite dans l'AJI était plus fréquente en Europe (14 %), en Amérique du Nord (11 %) et au Moyen-Orient (12 %) qu'en Asie de l'Est (7 %) et en Océanie (3 %). L'atteinte oculaire (essentiellement uvéite) dans l'arthrite inflammatoire juvénile et d'autres rhumatismes pédiatriques variait de 3 à 50 % selon l'affection sous-jacente et était la plus fréquente dans la maladie de Behçet de l'enfant. Parmi les AJI, la fréquence de l'uvéite la plus élevée a été constatée dans l'AJI oligoarticulaire et l'uvéite antérieure était le type le plus fréquent. Des variations géographiques ont été observées pour l'uvéite dans l'AJI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La valeur reste un concept très étudié en marketing, notamment selon l'approche de la valeur perçue de magasinage de Babin et al., qui est l'un des outils les plus utilisés pour évaluer la valeur sous ses différentes formes. Bien que les réflexions sur le concept de valeur perçue ne cessent de s'approfondir, des questions subsistent. Par une approche méta-analytique, cette note de recherche a pour objectif d'offrir un éclairage supplémentaire sur l'interaction entre valeur utilitaire et valeur hédonique. Les résultats confirment un lien positif entre valeur utilitaire et valeur hédonique, remettant ainsi en question l'hypothèse selon laquelle ces deux dimensions se situeraient aux extrémités d'un même spectre de valeurs. Par ailleurs, par une méta-régression, nous explorons les variables qui pourraient expliquer l'hétérogénéité des résultats que nous constatons dans la littérature. Le mode d'enquête est une variable modératrice : les relations sont plus fortes pour des enquêtes on-line que pour des enquêtes off-line. En outre, nous confirmons l'existence de liens positifs entre les valeurs utilitaire et hédonique, d'une part, et la satisfaction client, d'autre part. Les résultats mettent enfin en évidence une hétérogénéité importante dans les études existantes, ce qui souligne la nécessité de poursuivre les recherches consacrées à la valeur perçue, de manière à pouvoir proposer aux managers des recommandations plus pertinentes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: TP53 plays a crucial role in preventing cancer development. Previous studies in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) reported inconclusive findings for the association of the TP53 rs1042522 C > G variant with cervical cancer. We therefore performed a meta-analysis to summarise this association in the SSA population.Methods: Online databases were searched to identify suitable articles according to the PRISMA guidelines. We included studies published in English or French that provided the sample sizes and genotype counts for both cases and controls and evaluated the association between TP53 rs1042522 and cervical cancer in the SSA population. A fixed-effect model was used to calculate the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).Results: A total of 699 cervical cancer cases and 1008 controls from eight studies in SSA were included in this meta-analysis. Women harbouring the variant G allele of the TP53 rs1042522 were at increased risk of cervical cancer in allelic (G vs. C; OR = 1.30, 95% Cl = 1.12-1.50), homozygous (GG vs. CC; OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.20-2.19) and recessive (GG vs. CG + GG; OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.34-2.25) genetic models. However, the dominant genetic model (CG + GG vs. CC; OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 0.96-1.48) was not significantly associated with cervical cancer.Conclusions: Our meta-analysis revealed that harbouring variant G allele of TP53 rs1042522 is associated with cervical cancer risk in the SSA population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le risque cardiovasculaire élevé retrouvé dans la polyarthrite rhumatoïde ou l'arthrite psoriasique est en grande partie imputable à l'inflammation systémique. Dans l'arthrose (OA), la survenue d'une inflammation systémique a parfois été rapportée mais l'association entre arthrose et augmentation du risque cardiovasculaire reste à préciser. Cette méta-analyse avait pour objectif d'évaluer l'incidence des infarctus du myocarde (IM) et des accidents vasculaires cérébraux (AVC) mais également les facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire chez les patients OA. Nous avons effectué une recherche dans les bases de données PubMed, EMBase et Cochrane Library afin de trouver des références d'intérêt publiées jusqu'au mois de juin 2018. Les incidences de l'IM et de l'AVC ont été calculées à l'aide d'une méta-analyse des proportions. Les différences relatives aux facteurs de risque de maladie cardiovasculaire entre les patients OA et les sujets témoins ont été exprimées sous forme de différences moyennes standardisées (DMS) selon la méthode de l'inverse de la variance. Les études analysées ont rapporté 227 IM chez 3550 patients arthrosiques (incidence, 7,5 % ; IC95 % : 3,0–13,8 %) et 616 IM chez 12 444 sujets témoins (incidence, 6,0 % ; IC95 % : 2,8–10,3 %). La méta-analyse des trois études longitudinales a révélé une augmentation significative du risque d'IM chez les patients OA (RR = 1,22 ; IC95 % : 1,02–1,45). Nous avons également retrouvé un risque d'AVC significativement élevé chez les patients OA (RR = 1,43 ; IC95 % : 1,38–1,48). En ce qui concerne les facteurs de risque de maladie cardiovasculaire, les patients OA affichaient un profil lipidique et glucidique pro-athérogène se traduisant par une élévation des concentrations en glucose, cholestérol total et LDL-cholestérol ainsi qu'un indice de masse corporel (IMC) élevé. S'agissant des marqueurs de l'athérosclérose, les patients OA montraient une majoration du risque de syndrome métabolique et une élévation de la vitesse de l'onde de pouls (VOP). Les résultats de notre méta-analyse ont révélé un risque cardiovasculaire plus élevé chez les patients arthrosiques. Ces observations soulignent l'importance de la prise en charge des facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire dans l'arthrose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]