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51. The Effects of Icon Characteristics and Metaphors on the Recognition of Icons by Students With Different Knowledge Structures

Author

Zhao Xin, Ma Jin, Wu Guo Chao, and Zhang Qing Qing

Subjects
Mobile phone interface, knowledge difference, icon design, icon characteristics, icon metaphors, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

Icons are widely used to communicate information in graphical user interfaces, and it is essential for designers to understand how users recognize and interpret them. This study investigates the impact of university students’ knowledge structures on icon usability. It examines the effects of icon metaphors (appearance, symbolic, relational, arbitrary) and icon characteristics (concreteness, abstractness) on icon recognition. One hundred participants from the liberal arts and sciences were tested (N =50). The test parameters included form recognition rate, functional accuracy rate, and response time. The results indicated that university students’ knowledge structures influenced the recognition of icon characteristics, with liberal arts students preferring concrete icons and science students preferring abstract icons. However, differences in knowledge structure had no significant effect on icon metaphor recognition. Furthermore, the liberal arts and science students showed some differences in recognizing specific combinations of icon characteristics and metaphors. These findings suggest that icon characteristics are influenced by knowledge structure, whereas metaphor recognition is more dependent on cultural structure. Specific combinations of icon characteristics and metaphors can significantly improve icon usability. The implications of these findings suggest new ways for graphical interface icons to enhance usability.

Published
2024
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52. A Generalized Kyle-Back Strategic Insider Trading Model with Dynamic Information

Author

Ma, Jin and Tan, Ying

Subjects
Mathematics - Probability
Abstract

In this paper we consider a class of generalized Kyle-Back strategic insider trading models in which the insider is able to use the dynamic information obtained by observing the instantaneous movement of an underlying asset that is allowed to be influenced by its market price. Since such a model will be largely outside the Gaussian paradigm, we shall try to Markovize it by introducing an auxiliary diffusion process, in the spirit of the weighted total order process of, e.g., \cite{CCD11}, as a part of the "pricing rule". As the main technical tool in solving the Kyle-Back equilibrium, we study a class of Stochastic Two-Point Boundary Value Problem (STPBVP), which resembles the dynamic Markovian bridge in the literature, but without insisting on its local martingale requirement. In the case when the solution of the STPBVP has an affine structure, we show that the pricing rule functions, whence the Kyle-Back equilibrium, can be determined by the decoupling field of a forward-backward SDE obtained via a non-linear filtering approach, along with a set of compatibility conditions.

Published
2022

62. The ergodic and non-ergodic phases in one dimensional clean Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard system

Author

Ma, Jin-Lou, Li, Qing, and Tan, Lei

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We study the ergodic and non-ergodic behaviors of a clean Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard chain for different parameters based on the average level spacings and the generalized fractal dimensions of eigenstates by using exact diagonalization. It can be found that a transition from ergodicity to non-ergodicity phases happens when the atom-photon detuning is large, and the non-ergodic phases maybe exist in the thermodynamic limit. We also find that the non-ergodic phase violates the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis. Finally, we study the many-body multifractality of the ground state and find that the derivative of the generalized fractal dimensions can determine the critical point of the Superfluid-Mott-insulation phase transition in a small range of parameters under different boundary conditions and there is no ergodicity for the ground state.

Published
2021
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74. Boosting Image Outpainting with Semantic Layout Prediction

Author

Ma, Ye, Ma, Jin, Zhou, Min, Chen, Quan, Ge, Tiezheng, Jiang, Yuning, and Lin, Tong

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

The objective of image outpainting is to extend image current border and generate new regions based on known ones. Previous methods adopt generative adversarial networks (GANs) to synthesize realistic images. However, the lack of explicit semantic representation leads to blurry and abnormal image pixels when the outpainting areas are complex and with various objects. In this work, we decompose the outpainting task into two stages. Firstly, we train a GAN to extend regions in semantic segmentation domain instead of image domain. Secondly, another GAN model is trained to synthesize real images based on the extended semantic layouts. The first model focuses on low frequent context such as sizes, classes and other semantic cues while the second model focuses on high frequent context like color and texture. By this design, our approach can handle semantic clues more easily and hence works better in complex scenarios. We evaluate our framework on various datasets and make quantitative and qualitative analysis. Experiments demonstrate that our method generates reasonable extended semantic layouts and images, outperforming state-of-the-art models.

Published
2021

84. A General Conditional McKean-Vlasov Stochastic Differential Equation

Author

Buckdahn, Rainer, Li, Juan, and Ma, Jin

Subjects
Mathematics - Probability
Abstract

In this paper we consider a class of {\it conditional McKean-Vlasov SDEs} (CMVSDE for short). Such an SDE can be considered as an extended version of McKean-Vlasov SDEs with common noises, as well as the general version of the so-called {\it conditional mean-field SDEs} (CMFSDE) studied previously by the authors [1, 14], but with some fundamental differences. In particular, due to the lack of compactness of the iterated conditional laws, the existing arguments of Schauder's fixed point theorem do not seem to apply in this situation, and the heavy nonlinearity on the conditional laws caused by change of probability measure adds more technical subtleties. Under some structure assumptions on the coefficients of the observation equation, we prove the well-posedness of solution in the weak sense along a more direct approach. Our result is the first that deals with McKean-Vlasov type SDEs involving state-dependent conditional laws.

Published
2021

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