Search

PHELPS N. A., MACKINNON D., STONE I. and BRAIDFORD P. (2003) Embedding the multinationals? Institutions and the development of overseas manufacturing affiliates in Wales and North East England, Reg. Studies 37, 27-40. The impact of foreign direct investment (ED I) upon host regions is a topic of perennial interest within the fields of regional economics, industrial geography and regional development. Much of the early literature here draws negative conclusions regarding the wider indirect impacts of FDI on host regions, pointing to the branch plant syndrome. In light of significant processes of corporate restructuring and the build-up of host region institutional capacities, however; recent literature has claimed that the plants of multinational enterprises (MNEs) are becoming increasingly 'embedded' in regional economies. Against this backdrop, this paper aims to provide a critical assessment of the regional 'embeddedness' of FD I in Wales and the North East of England. Based upon an extensive survey of over seas-owned manufacturing affiliates in these regions, the paper examines key indicators of MNE embeddedness, and assesses the influence of regional agencies on the embedding process. In general, we find little evidence of increasing embeddedness while the effects of regional differences in institutional capacity on the embedding process appear to be somewhat limited. As such, we suggest that the idea of 'extended enclaves' encapsulates some key dimensions of the relationships between MNEs and the economies of peripheral UK regions. Foreign direct investment Embeddedness Regions Institutions Enclaves Linkages PHELPS N. A., MACKINNON D., STONE I. et BRAIDFORD P. (2003) Ancrer les multinationales?: les institutions et le developpement des filiales industrielles etrangeres au pays de Galles et dans le nord-est d'Angleterre, Reg. Studies 37, 27-40. Les retombees de l'investissement direct etranger (IDE) sur les zones d'accueil est un sujet d'interet perpetuel dans les domaines de l'economic regionale, de la geographie industrielle et de l'amenagement du territoire. Dans une large mesure, la premiere documentation a ce sujet tire des conclusions negatives quant aux retombees indirectes importantes de l'IDE sur les zones d'accueil, faisant allusion au syndrome des etablissements. Cependant, a la lumiere de la restructuration d'entreprise et du developpement des capacites institutionnelles de la zone d'accueil, la documentation recente affireme que les etablissements des multinationales deviennent de plus en plus 'ancrees' dans des economies regionales Sur ce fond, cet article cherche a faire une critique de 'l'ancrage' regional de l'IDE au pays de Galles et dans le nord-est d'Angleterre. A partir d'une enquete detaillee aupres des filiales industrielles a capital etranger situees dans ces regions-la cet article cherche egalement a examiner les indicateure cle de l'ancrage des multinationales et A evaluer l'influence des assemblees regionales sur le processus d'ancrage. En regle generale, une augmentation du degre 'd'ancrage' s'avere peu evidente alors que les effets des divergences regionales de la capacite institutionnelle sur le processus d'ancrage s'averent quelque peu limites. En tant que tel, on laisse supposer que la notion 'd'enclaves elargies embrasse quelques-uns des elements cle des rapports qui existent entre les multinationales et les economies des regions peripheriques du Royaume-Uni. Investissement direct etranger Ancrage Regions Institutions Enclaves Maillons PHELPS N. A., MACKINNON D., STONE I. und BRAIDFORD P. (2003) Verankerung der Multinationalen? Institutionen und die Entwicklung uberseeischer verarbeitender Tochtergesellschaften in Wales und Nordostengland, Reg. Studies 37, 27-40. Die Auswirkung auslandischer Direktinvestierungen (foreign direct investment = FD I) auf Gastgeberregionen ist ein Thema, da[beta] sich auf den Gebieten der regionalen Wirtschaften, Industriegeographie und regionalen Entwicldung immergrunen Interesses erfreut. In der fruhen Literatur wurde bier im Hinblick auf weiterreichende, indirekte Auswirkungen von FDI auf Gastgeberregionen oft negative Schlusse gezogen, indem sie auf das Zweigstellensyndrom hinwies. Angesichts bedeutender Vorgange auf dem Gebiete korporativer Umstrukturierung und vermehrter institutioneller Leistungfahigkeiten der Gastgeberregionen hat die Literatur jedoch kurzlich behauptet, da[beta] die Niederlassungen multinationaler Unternebmen (MNE) immer fester in den Regionalwirtschaften 'verankert' wurden. Vor diesem Hintergrund versucht dieser Aufsatz, eine kritische Beurteilung der regionalen 'Verankerung' auslandischer Direktinvestition in Wales und im Nordosten Englands zu liefern. Die Arbeit stutzt sich auf ausgedehnte Untersuchungen in auslandischem Besitz befindlicher Tochterherstellerfirmen in diesen Regionen, pruft Hauptindikatoren der MNE Verankerung und beurteilt den Einfluss regionaler Agenturen auf den Verankerungsprozess. Allgemein gesprochen, finden sich wenig Anzeichen zunebmender 'Ver- ankerung', wahrend die Wirkung regionaler Unterschiede in der Leistungsfahighkeit von Institutionen auf der Verankerungsprozess doch etwas beschrankt zu sein scheint. Als soicher wird vorgeschlagen, da[ss] der Begriff 'ausgedehnte Enklaven' mehrere Schlusseldimensionen der Beziehungen zwischen MNE und den Wirtschaften abgelegener Regionen des Vereinigten Konigreichs zusammenfasst. FDI (auslandische Direktinvestierung) Verankerung Regionen Institutionen Enklaven Verflechtungen

This paper assesses legitimation as a crucial dimension of industry emergence, addressing the neglect of institutional and political aspects of path creation in economic geography. It investigates how the legitimacy of emerging industries is built up over time and examines differences in legitimation across space. The paper focuses on the evolution of legitimation narratives in the context of national and regional differences in institutions, actors and assets. Based on a cross-national study of the offshore wind industry, the paper argues that cost reduction and value creation have made important contributions to legitimation in addition to climate change and energy security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent wave of populism has focused attention on 'left behind' places as hotspots of discontent. Seeking to remedy their neglect in urban and regional studies, the aim of this paper is to engage with the problems of 'left behind' places and to stimulate fresh thinking about alternative approaches. Reflecting the complex and inter-connected issues facing such places, it argues that a new conception is required to address issues of belonging and attachment. The paper outlines the basis of an expanded neo-endogenous development approach, identifying the foundational economy, income and livelihoods, social infrastructures and social innovation as key policy concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author proposes the use of layers and filters as metaphors for depicting and examining regional government strategy. Layers indicate spatial variation between new regulatory mechanisms and preexisting regional conditions, while filters indicate institutions that mediate impacts of non-local regulatory mechanisms.

This article discusses the possible effects of devolution on foreign direct investments in North East England and Wales. The authors suggest that regional actors play a role in supporting globalization, while the processes is also produced from above.

The author uses a neo-Foucauldian approach to analyze the shift in the UK during the 1980s and 1990s from local government to local governance. Topics include the influence of neo-liberal state projects on local-central relations, and local economic governance in the Scottish Highlands.

The evolving geography of employment law in the privatized rail industry of the United Kingdom is examined. Results showed a major shift at how industrial relations are organized under privatization. The changes in wages and benefits, industrial disputes, membership in labor unions, and strike actions, are also investigated.

Learning from Clusters: A Critical Assessment from an Economic-Geographical Perspective. Edited by Ron A. Boschma and Robert C. Kloosterman. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Springer, 2005. Clusters have become a major focus [...]

Byline: Andrew Cumbers, Joseph Leibovitz, Danny MacKinnon A focus on constructing regional advantage requires an 'unpacking' of what makes territorial agglomerations important for innovation and competitiveness by disclosing and revealing the contingencies, particularities and specificities of the various contexts and environments where knowledge creation, innovation and entrepreneurship take place. In order to achieve more effective regional innovation policy, this paper presents and discusses three dimensions along which such unpacking can take place. These dimensions refer to (1) specific industrial knowledge bases, (2) globally distributed knowledge networks and (3) different territorial competence bases.

Economic geographers and related specialists have taken keen interest in studying regional innovations and learning. Evidence to prove that regional networks are important in providing support to innovations has also been discussed.

The authors employ the global production network (GPN) approach to analyse the development of the renewable energy sector. Through a case study of the development of a Hywind floating offshore wind project (Hywind) across two oil and gas economies, namely Norway and Scotland, the paper sheds light on the key drivers and role of core GPN actors. Methodologically, the authors investigate the process from both 'inside-out' and 'outside-in' perspectives, referring to the efforts of firms expanding into overseas markets and the efforts of host countries to attract investment from outside their territories. The analysis shows how the configuration of extractive production networks is shaped by the interactions between the network development practices of firms and the market development strategies of host states. The authors conclude that the distinct materiality of floating wind power technology shapes the territorial configuration of the production network by enabling its spatial extension across a range of locations. By contrast, existing research on other extractive sectors has emphasized the spatially constraining effects of materiality (Bridge 2008). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]