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Tujuan penelitian untuk 1) menganalisis tingkat pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan petani hortikultura kelompok wanita tani legowo, 2) menganalisis keberhasilan sistem pertanian berkelanjutan di kelompok wanita tani legowo, 3) menganalisis hubungan pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan petani hortikultura kelompok wanita tani legowo dengan keberhasilan sistem pertanian berkelanjutan. Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan September sampai Desember 2018 di Kelompok Wanita Tani Legowo Desa Wulungsari Kecamatan Selomerto Kabupaten Wonosobo. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei dengan pengambilan sampel purposive sebanyak 30 orang dari 120 orang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner, wawancara dan observasi sedangkan analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dan analisis Korelasi Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 1) tingkat pengetahuan tinggi, sikap tinggi dan keterampilan sedang, 2) tingkat keberhasilan sistem pertanian berkelanjutan sedang, 3) perilaku petani memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan keberhasilan sistem pertanian berkelanjutan.

Membudayakan Menulis Karya Ilmiah melalui Pendidikan di Era Globalisasi STKIP PGRI Pasuruan adalah salah satu penyelenggara pendidikan tinggi tertua di Kota Pasuruan. Potensi mahasiswa yang belajar di perguruan tinggi ini mengisi sebagian besar kebutuhan porsi tenaga pendidik baik di wilayah kota dan kabupaten Pasuruan. Oleh karena sangat penting bagi perguruan tinggi ini untuk terus mengembangkan dan mendiseminasikan berbagai karya intelektual yang dihasilkan selama proses pendidikan diberikan kepada mahasiswa. Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia STKIP PGRI Pasuruan dalam hal ini berinisiatif sebagai penggerak kemajuan diseminasi karya intelektual dengan mengadakan event akademik rutinan dalam bentuk seminar dan prosiding lokal.Melalui event akademik rutinan dalam bentuk seminar dan prosiding lokal dengan tajuk “Konvergensi Sains dan Humaniora”, Prodi PBSI STKIP PGRI Pasuruan memberikan peluang untuk tampil dalam mimbar akademik. Prodi PBSI STKIP PGRI Pasuruan mengajak para akademisi muda / mahasiswa baik dari dalam maupun luar institusi STKIP PGRI Pasuruan untuk bersama-sama mensukseskan gerak-geliat berkeilmuan melalui penciptaan karya-karya intelektual dalam bentuk tulisan artikel ilmiah penelitian, pengkajian teori, dan gagasan tertulis. Dalam hal ini Prodi PBSI STKIP PGRI Pasuruan mengajak serta berbagai elemen dari prodi ilmu lainnya seperti Matematika, Bahasa Inggris, Ekonomi, Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan, Pendidikan Agama Islam, dan prodi ilmu lainnya yang mungkin tersedia di perguruan tinggi selain STKIP PGRI Pasuruan.Konvergensi bermakna keadaan menuju satu titik pertemuan, memusat. Konvergensi adalah lawan dari divergensi, pemisahan. Konvergensi mengandung arti perpaduan antara entitas luar dan dalam, yaitu antara lingkungan sosial dan hereditas.Konvergensi Sains dan Humaniora adalah tajuk event akademik rutin yang ingin terus dilaksanakan oleh Prodi PBSI STKIP PGRI Pasuruan. Konvergensi dalam tajuk ini bermakna penyatuan sudut pandang akademik dari berbagai disiplin ilmu yang karya intelektualnya, secara bersama-sama, didiseminasikan melalui giat seminar, presentasi dalam kelas paralel, dan penerbitan buku prosiding. Juga menyajikan laku akademik yang berpadu dengan lingkungan dan sosial masyarakat di sekitarnya. Laku akademik yang bernilai guna dan bermakna bagi proses belajar mahasiswa untuk menjadi bagian dari lingkungan dan masyarakat. Konvergensi ilmu pengetahuan juga akan memperkaya kreatifitas mahasiswa dalam mengembangkan pengkajian yang terfokus pada satu pokok dengan menggunakan berbagai pisau bedah sudut pandang keilmuan.Sains dan humaniora sebagai dua disiplin ilmu besar yang kemudian bercabang, berkesinambungan, dan berkolaborasi kemudian dapat mewujudkan bentuk konvergensi ilmu untuk satu tujuan besar yakni : mendedikasikan ilmu pengetahuan untuk kemaslahatan ummat. Dalam hal inikita berbicara tentang kekuatan pendekatan terintegrasi. Pendekatan terintegrasi disebut pula sebagai “selubung pengetahuan yang tidak berlapis” (seamless cloak of knowledge), “kesatuan pembelajaran” (unity of learning), atau “satu sudut pandang atas dunia dan kehidupan” (a single view of the word and of life). Integrasi dikontraskan dengan “pemecahan” (fragmentation) kurikulum yang melambangkan sekolah tradisional, dengan batasan subjek, “pembagian” (compartmentalization) atau “pengotakan” (pigeon-holing) pengetahuan, dengan spesialisasi dan ketidakrelevansiam dengan kehidupan yang utuh (Klein J. T., 2005:8; William, 1976:116).Konvergensi Sains dan Humaniora 1 adalah awal dari cita-cita mulia Prodi PBSI STKIP PGRI Pasuruan untuk beintegrasi dan bersinergi dengan berbagai bidang ilmu lainnya. Prodi PBSI STKIP PGRI Pasuruan berharap bahwa di masa yang akan datang event-event akademik seperti ini akan terus dapat dilaksanakan, secaa rutin, dan dapat diikuti oleh banyak prodi lainnya.

Proses pembelajaran masih sering dilakukan guru di dalam kelas. Pembelajaran yang disajikan oleh guru masih sangat monoton, membosankan dan tidak mampu membangkitkan motivasi siswa untuk belajar. Hampir setiap saat pembelajaran berlangsung di dalam kelas. Suasana pembelajaran yang berlangsung di kelas masih menganut paradigma lama, guru belum menggunakan berbagai metode dan model pembelajaran yang inovatif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas penerapan metode Candu Jesko dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS materi masa kemerdekaan hingga masa reformasi pada peserta didik kelas IX SMP Negeri 4 Madiun. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran dilakukan dengan metode terbimbing dan diskusi kelompok. Hasil belajar diukur melalui tes awal dan tes akhir. Hasil belajar pada tes awal mencapai rata-rata pencapaian 75,21 dan meningkat menjadi 80,07 pada tes akhir. Ketuntasan klasikal pada akhir pembelajaran mencapai 87%. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode candu jesko sangat efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik dalam pembelajaran IPS materi masa kemerdekaan hingga masa reformasi.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pemahaman materi pasar kelas VII SMP Negeri 4 Madiun serta menganalisis proses hasil audio visual pada kegiatan di pasar. Jenis penelitian yang dilaksanakan adalah Best Practice. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII-A-D SMP Negeri 4 Madiun Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019 yang terdiri dari 120 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan observasi dan dokumentasi. Instrumen pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah instrumen saat tugas pengamatan dan instrumen saat presentasi untuk mengetahui tingkat pemahaman materi pasar pada kelas VII. Hasil Best Practice menunjukkan bahwa Shopping di pasar bersama Via Vallen merupakan praktik terbaik untuk pembelajaran materi pasar karena siswa bisa terlibat langsung pengamatan kegiatan di pasar tradisional dan modern menggunakan smartphone.

Medicinal plants have been developing as the main material for botanical pesticides. Many medicinal plants can be used as botanical pesticides due to their effectiveness in controlling the pest. This study aims to examine the potential of Eucalyptus citriodora and Artemisia vulgaris against Sitophilus zeamais, which can be used to control the storage pest using these plants without using synthetic pesticide. This study was conducted in the pest laboratory, Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute (ISMCRI), from January to February 2021. The formula of two essential oils of E. citriodora and A. vulgaris with different concentrations (1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3%) were used to control S. zeamais. The result showed that the A. vulgaris had the most potent efficiency as a botanical pesticide against S. zeamais. The highest mortality values of imago S. zeamais at 72 hours after applying E. citriodora and A. vulgaris were 90% and 93%, respectively. Artemisia vulgaris has the highest reaching repellent percentage of imago S. zeamais its 85% at 1 hour after application for 3% concentration. Indicates that essential oils, E. citriodora, and A. vulgaris, possess insecticidal activity against S. zeamais.

Graph theory is part of the field of mathematics that can be applied in various other fields of science to solve problems. One of them is the problem of determining the color on the map. The map that will be colored here is a map of the Deli Serdang regency which consists of 22 sub-districts. The coloring of the map is done by first modeling it in the form of a graph. One way to determine the minimum color of a graph is to use a greedy algorithm. From the map, we get a dual graph with 22 vertices and 41 edges. Based on the greedy algorithm that has been applied, the minimum number of colors is obtained as many as four colors, namely blue, green, red, and yellow with each district directly bordering having a different color. The results of map coloring by applying the greedy algorithm are also obtained with the help of the python 3.7 programming language.

An obstacle in Indonesian crop estate products marketing abroad is the contamination of chemical pesticide residues and heavy metals. Implementing integrated pest management (IPM) and organic certification on estate crops are applied to meet consumer demands for healthier, quality, and safer products. Seventy-four of the 2351 certified organic products registered at Competence Authority of Organic Food, MOA, are primary and processed products from 12 estate crops commodities, i.e. cashew, cinnamon, citronella, coffee, cocoa, coconut, kapok, palm sugar, nutmeg, pepper, tea, and vanilla. In the organic certification process, pest control is carried out integrated by combining various environmentally-friendly control components, available in the garden environment, and/or organic certified commercial biopesticides, no synthetic chemical pesticides. Farmers’ experience has shown that plant pests are relatively easy to control, while plant diseases with high damage intensity and fast spreading were difficult to control and plants must be eradicated. Therefore, a more innovative integrated pest control technology is needed to carry out organic certification in estate crops.

This study aims to determine the relation of perception and attitude toward academic service with student learning motivation. The method used in this study is quantitative descriptive correlational approach. The instrument used in collecting data in the form of a questionnaire with the respondents students of State University of Malang. Data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis technique and multiple regression analysis technique. Based on the results of the study can be concluded that: the level of student perceptions of academic services into the high category; the level of student attitude of academic services into the high category; the level of students motivation to study into the high category; perception has positive and insignificant effect on students learning motivation; attitudes have a positive and significant impact on student learning motivation; perceptions and attitudes toward academic services with motivation to learn have significant effect simultaneously. Keywords : Perception, attitude, academic services, motivation to learn. Abstrak : Tujuan peneltian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan persepsi dan sikap terhadap layanan akademik dengan motivasi belajar mahasiswa. Penelitian ini memakai pendekatan kuantitatif dengan rancangan penelitian deskriptif korelasional. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa angket dengan responden mahasiswa Universitas Negeri Malang. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis deskriptif dan teknik analisis regresi berganda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa: tingkat persepsi mahasiswa terhadap layanan akademik masuk dalam kategori tinggi; tingkat sikap mahasiswa terhadap layanan akademik masuk dalam kategori baik; tingkat motivasi belajar mahasiswa masuk dalam kategori tinggi; persepsi berhubungan positif dan tidak signifikan trhadap motivasi belajar mahasiswa; sikap berhubungan positif dan signifikan terhadap motivasi belajar mahasiswa; persepsi dan sikap terhadap layanan akademik dengan motivasi belajar berhubungan signifikan secara simultan. Kata Kunci : Persepsi, sikap, layanan akademik, motivasi belajar.

Essential oil (EO) plants have properties as botanical insecticides. Some of them come from the families of Lamiaceae, Myristicaceae, and Myrtaceae. A plant belonging to the Lamiaceae includes patchouli (Pogostemon cablin), while the Myristicaceae includes nutmeg(Myristica fragrans), and the Myrtaceae includes clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and cajuput (Melaleuca cajuputsubsp.cajuputi). This research aimed to evaluate toxicity, feeding inhibition, and oviposition deterrent from four EO plants from the Lamiaceae, Myristicaceae, and Myrtaceae to brown rice planthopperNilaparvata lugens(Hemiptera: Delphacidae), the main pest of rice. The results showed that cajuput and patchouli oil gave more potent toxicity toN. lugenswith LC50 and LC95 were 0.016% and 4.87% for cajuput oil and 0.019% and 5.25% for patchouli oil. Cajuput oil at 0.002% deterred oviposition 51.74% and inhibited feeding on 0.016% as many as 71.52% with strong enough criteria to the fourth instar nymphs ofN. lugens. Patchouli oil deterred oviposition from 0.002% as much as 61.15% and inhibited feeding on 0.019% as many as 68.73% with strong enough criteria. The highest oviposition deterrent was 83.2% on patchouli oil at the concentration of 0.188%, whereas the highest feeding inhibition was 82.78% on cajuput oil at the concentration of 0.169%.

This study takes up a topic in wave generation. In a wave tank of hidrodynamic laboratory well known two types of wavemakers, i.e. flap-type and piston type, are used to generate waves. In addition to these two types of wavemakers, there is another type of wavemaker which is the snake-type. Snake-type wavemakers consists of many parts which can move like flaps or pistons. Here, we investigate the propagation of waves generated by the snake-type wavemakers, which is flap type, based on the wave propagation governing equation (Laplace equation). Based on the linear theory we derived a ratio between the stroke maximum of wavemakers (S) and the amplitude (A) of generated waves. It is found that the ratio of S and A does not only depend on frequency of generated wave but also depend on water depth. The formulation for the wavemaker control will also be analyzed and simulated.

This research aimed to study the needs of members of farmers District East Ungaran Semarang Regency for the development of their farming. This research analyzed descriptively by using the approach of PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal) approach, with the techniques of thematic mapping, trends and changes, seasonal calendar, daily routine, livelihood analysis and Venn Diagram on dairy farmers.Results from the application of each single technique then was discussed in Focused Group Discussion (FGD) attended by village officers and extension worker. The results of the study can be contained in rank as follows: 1) The activities carried out by members of dairy farmer groups is still traditional. Technologies of seed selection,feed, milking, harvest and post-harvest has not been much progress, yet, 2) Limited knowledge and access to sources of technology, resources, and capital and programs for both private and government 3) Limitation of production facilities and infrastructure, which resulted in small-scale livestock ownership with inadequate productivity, and 4) Limited mastery of market information, both for sale of the products and purchase of the production factors.

Dua belas macam insektisida diuji untuk mengetahui efektifitas dan persistensinya terhadap imago Hindola striata. Serangga dikurung bersama bibit cengkeh yang diberi perlakuan insektisida pada interval yang berbeda setelah aplikasi. Insektisida yang paling efektif dan persisten ialah sihalotrin (Matador), diikuti oleh insektisida persisten lainnya, yaitu monokrotofos (Azodrin), aldicarb (Temik), carbofuran (Furadan) dan asefat (Orthene).

Mimegralla coeruleifrons Macquart is a major pest of red ginger. The use of chemical pesticides for controlling M. coeruleifrons is not a proper solution due to the fact that the chemical pesticides are not environmentally friendly, kill natural enemies, and have negative impacts on human health. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the botanical pesticides consisting of citronella and eugenol which have been formulated and packaged into a product to control M. coeruleifrons, namely Citronella (Nano Biopestisida), eugenol + citronella + geraniol (Bio Protektor), citronella + salicylic acid (Asimbo), and Imidacloprid (chemical pesticide) that commonly used by the farmer as a comparison. Approximately 10 ml of each botanical pesticides and 2 ml of chemical pesticide were dissolved in 1 litre of water. The treatment was conducted using direct spray. The adults were sprayed and then infested onto ginger plants. Insect mortality was observed at 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6 and 7 days after applications. The results show that the botanical pesticide which contains eugenol + citronella + geraniol (Bio protektor) was able to effectively control of M. coeruleifrons pest in red ginger plantation.

Jambu mete (Anacardium occidentale L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor. Salah satu kendala dalam produksinya adalah serangan hama. Di Nusa Tcnggara Barat (NTB), Sanurus indecora telah menjadi isu utama dan dianggap sebagai salah satu hama yang scrius menyerang tanaman jambu mete. Untuk mengetahui bioekologi S. indecora dan pengaruh scrangannya terhadap kchilangan hasil jambu mete telah dilakukan penelitian di pertanaman jambu mete di Dusun Sambik Rindang, Desa Salut, Kecamatan Kayangan, Kabupaten Lombok Barat, NTB dan di laboratorium Entomologi, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Bogor dari April sampai Oktober 2003. Penelitian ini terdiri atas dua kegiatan penelitian yaitu di lapang dan di laboratorium. Kegiatan di lapang adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh serangan S. indecora terhadap kchilangan hasil, ekobiologi, dan musuh alami, sedang kegiatan laboratorium ialah tingkat parasitasi Aphanomerus sp. pada telur S. indecora. Penelitian pengaruh serangan S. indecora terhadap kehilangan hasil jambu mete dilakukan dengan perlakuan pucuk jambu mete yang dikurung dengan kurungan kasa dan yang tidak dikurung. Perlakuan yang dikurung ialah 25 pucuk jambu mete yang tidak terserang (tanpa) S. indecora yang telah mempunyai 5-12 bunga hermaprodit. Sebagai perlakuan yang tidak dikurung ialah 13 pucuk belum terserang S. indecora dan 12 pucuk jambu mete dengan kisaran bunga hermaprodit seperti tersebut di atas yang telah terserang S. indecora. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap perkembangan bunga mete, awal serangan pada pucuk dan berat gclondong. Untuk mengetahui sebaran 5. indecora dilakukan survei di tiga kapubaten di Propinsi NTB yaitu Lombok Barat, Lombok Timur dan Sumbawa dengan metode sampling. Penelitian biologi dilakukan terhadap 60 nimfa yang baru keluar secara individu dan diamati perkembangannya setiap hari. Penelitian untuk mengetahui musuh alami selain parasitoid telur, dilakukan pengamatan pada 10 pucuk jambu mete yang terserang 5. indecora. Pengamatan dilakukan tiap minggu. Tingkat parasitasi Aphanomerus sp. dihitung dengan mengamati parasitoid yang keluar dari 100 kelompok telur S. indecora setiap hari. Hasil penelitian di Dusun Sambik Rindang, Desa Salut, Kecamatan Kayangan, Kabupaten Lombok Barat, NTB menunjukkan bahwa serangan S. indecora menyebabkan kehilangan hasil jambu mete sebesar 57.83%. Hasil survei di tiga kabupaten yaitu Lombok Barat, Lombok Timur dan Sumbawa menunjukkan bahwa S. indecora ditemukan di tiga kabupaten tersebut. Dengan demikian 5. indecora merupakan salah satu hama utama jambu mete. Dari penelitian biologi, lama stadia telur S. indecora ialah 5-9 hari. Stadia nimfa terdiri dari 6 instar, total masa nimfa adalah 42 - 49 hari dan lama masa imago (serangga dewasa) ialah 5 -6 hai. Selain Aphanomerus sp. (Hymenoptera: Platygasteridae), beberapa musuh alami lainnya yang ditemukan di lapang yaitu laba-laba (Arachnida), kumbang Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), Braconidae, Chaleididae (Hymenoptera), belalang sembah (Orthoptera: Mantidae) dan Bocha amphilhoa (Diptera: Syrphidae). Persentase telur terparasit sebesar 9.78%. Persentase telur menjadi nimfa 8.32% dan telur yang tidak menetas 81.90%.Kata kunci : Jambu mete, bioekologi, Anacardium occidentale L , Sanurus indecora, hama, musuh alami, kehilangan hasil ABSTRACTBioecology of Sanurus indecora and the effect of its infestation on the loss of cashew yieldCashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is an export commodity. One of the constraints in cashew production is pest attack. In West Nusa Tenggara (NTB), a latid, S. indecora had become a serious issue and was suspected as one of serious pests attacking cashew plant. Experiments to determine the bioecology of 5. indecora and the yield loss of cashew due to the insect infestation were carried out in Sambik Rindang, Salut Village. Kayangan, Lombok Barat District, West Nusa tenggara and in the laboratory of Entomology, die Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, Bogor from April to October 2003. Field activities were aimed to find out the effect of S. indecora infestation on yield loss of cashew, ecobiology, and natural enemies. Laboratory activity included parasitization stage of Aphanomerus sp. in 5. indicora. Study on the yield loss of cashew due to S. indecora was carried out by caging and uncaging shoots. Twenty two shoots with 5-12 hermaphrodite lowers were caged 13 shoots with 5-12 hermaphrodite lowers which imatially not attacked by S. indecora and 12 shoots with 5-12 hermaphrodite flowers already attacked by S. indecora. Observations were done on the development of cashew lowers, initial attack on shoots and weight of seeds. To determine the distribution of 5. indecora. a survey was conducted in three districts in West Nusa Tenggara Province namely West Lombok, East Lombok and Sumbawa, using sampling methods. Biology experiment was conducted by caging 60 newly nymphs individually on cashew seedlings and its development was observed every day. To determine natural enemies beside egg parasitoid, observation was conducted on 10 shoots attacked by S. indecora. Parasitization of Aphanomerus sp. was counted by observing natural enemies emerged from 100 egg clusters of 5. indecora. Observation was carried out once a week. Results of the experiment in Sambik Rindang, Salut Village, Kayangan, Lombok Barat District, West Nusa Tenggara showed that the latid caused 57.83% yield loss of cashew. Results of survey in three districts namely West Lombok, East Lombok and Sumbawa, showed that S. indecora was found in those three districts. Therefore, It can be concluded that 5. indecora was a serious pest of cashew plant. The biology experiment showed the duration of its eggs was 5-9 days, nymphs was 42 - 49 days, and adults was 5-6 days. The nymph consisted of six instars. Beside Aphanomerus sp. (Hymenoptera: Platygasteridae), the natural enemies found in the field were spiders (Arachnida), "lady beetle" (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Braco-nidae, Chaleididae (Hymenoptera), mantid (Orthoptera: Mantidae) and Bocha amphilhoa (Diptera: Syrphidae). The parasitization of Aphano-merus sp. was 9.78%. The eggs hatched to be nymphs were only 8.32% and the eggs did not hatch were 81.90%.Key words: Cashew, Anacardium occidentale L., bioecology. Sanurus indecora, pest, natural enemy, yield loss

The cause of stunting disease of black pepper (Piper nigrum) in Indonesia has not yet been confirmed cither due o a virus or mycoplaam. However, similar disease found on black pepper plants in the Southeast Asia is caused by Piper yellow mottle virus (PYMV) which is transmitted by Planococcus citri. This expeiments was aimed o examine the cause of the stunting disease and its insect vectors. The expeiment were conducted from October 1998 to May 2001. Diseased vegetative materials of black pepper plants showing stunting disease were collected from Sukamulya, Sukabumi. The potential insect vectors were collected from black pepper plants in Bogor, IP Sukamulya (Sukabumi), Lampung and Bangka. The insects were fed on the diseased plants obtained from Lampung, Bogor and IP Sukamulya, then transferred o the healthy plants. The healthy plants were produced rom true seeds and cutings oiginated rom Bogor and IP Sukamulya. The tested plants were incubated at the green house and examined for disease development. Diseased leaf samples collected rom black pepper plant rom IP. Sukamulya and the transmitted plants were sent to the University of Minnesota, USA for Ihe virus (PYMV) by using ISEM (immunosorbent electron microscope). The result snowed that the leaves samples rom IP. Sukamulya were infected by PYMV. The morphology and size of the virus were similar to those caused stunting disease in the South East Asia. Potential insects vectors found on the diseased black pepper plants were two mealybugs, P. minor and Ferrisia virgata (Hemiptera; Coccoidca: PaaidbcoccidaeX aa well as an aphid Toxoptera aurantii (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea: Aphididae). The first tial on disease transmission by using P. minor, previously reared on the potato tubers, showed one out of ten tested plants produced disease sympom. The subsequent trial using P minor, bred on healthy black pepper seedlings, showed thee out often tested plants developed disease symptoms. None of the aphid transmitted plants developed Ihe disease. This study confirmed thai PYMV b the cause of stunting disease on black pepper in IP Sukamulya and Lampung and P. minor as the insect vecor of the disease.

Sanurus indecora merupakan salah satu hama utama yangmenyerang tanaman jambu mete di Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. DiLombok Timur, hama ini diserang oleh cendawan Synnematium sp.Berdasarkan hal tersebut perlu penelitian untuk mengetahui apakahcendawan tersebut dapat digunakan untuk mengendalikan S. indecora.Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan Synnematium sp.dalam pengendalian S. indecora dilakukan di Desa Pohgading, KecamatanPringgabaya dan di Desa Wanasaba, Kecamatan Wanasaba, KabupatenLombok Timur dari bulan Juni sampai September 2004. Penelitian terdiriatas dua kegiatan yaitu di tingkat pot (bibit) dan lapang. Penelitian ditingkat pot terdiri atas tiga kegiatan yaitu aplikasi cendawan terhadap telur,nimfa, imago pada bibit jambu mete (10 telur/ serangga/ bibit). Rancanganyang digunakan ialah acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan dan diulangenam kali. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap jumlah telur atau seranggayang mati karena terserang Synnematium sp. mulai satu sampai tujuh harisetelah perlakuan. Penelitian lapang menggunakan rancangan acakkelompok yang disusun secara faktorial dengan dua macam faktor yaitupola tanam dan konsentrasi Synnematium sp. Parameter yang diamatiadalah populasi S. indecora, tingkat serangan, jumlah bunga hermaproditsebelum perlakuan dan jumlah buah yang berkembang. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa cendawan Synnematium sp. yang diaplikasikan padanimfa S. indecora dan bibit menyebabkan kematian serangga tertinggimencapai 98,33%. Kematian serangga pada ketiga macam konsentrasiSynnematium sp. baik pada telur, nimfa dan imago tidak berbeda nyata.Dalam penelitian ini konsentrasi terkecil yaitu 20 g/l atau setara dengankonsentrasi spora 1,64 x 10 8 sudah efektif menyebabkan kematian S.indecora. Penurunan populasi S. indecora oleh Synnematium sp. efektifdengan konsentrasi 20 g/l sebesar 24,14% dibandingkan dengan kontrol.Tingkat serangan berkorelasi positif dengan populasi serangga.Kata kunci: Jambu mete, Anacardium occidentale L., hama, Sanurusindecora, pengendalian hayati, Synnematium sp. NusaTenggara BaratABSTRACTThe role of Synnematium sp. in controling Sanurusindecora JACOBI (Homoptera : Flatidae)Sanurus indecora is one of major pests attacking cashew plants inWest Nusa Tenggara Province. In East Lombok, this insect pest wasattacked by fungi of Synnematium sp. Based on that, the experiment wasconducted to find out whether the fungi could be used to control S.indecora or not. The objective of the experiment was to examine the roleof Synnematium sp. in the controlling S. indecora. It was carried out inPohgading, Pringgabaya and Wanasaba, District of East Lombok fromJune to September 2004. The experiment consisted of two activitiesnamely polybag stage and field activities. Polybag stage activitiesconsisted of three activities namely application of Synnematium sp. oneggs, nymphs, adults on seedling (10 eggs/insect/seedling). Theexperiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with fourtreatments and six replications. Observation was conducted on the numberof dead eggs, nymphs and adults attacked by Synnematium sp. from one toseven days after treatment. While field activities used a randomized blockdesign arranged in a factorial with two factors i. e. plant pattern andconcentration of Synnematium sp. Parameters observed were population ofS. indecora, the degree of attack, the number of hermaphrodite flowersbefore application and the number of developed fruits. Research resultsshowed that Synnematium sp. sprayed to nymphs of S. indecora andseedling caused the highest mortality of S. indecora that reached 98.33%.Mortality of S. indecora on the three concentrations either on eggs,nymphs and direct application to adults was not significantly different. Inthis experiment, the smallest concentration i.e. 20 g/l or equivalent withconcentration of spore 1.64 x 10 8 was effective to cause the death of S.indecora. The decrease of S. indecora population by Synnematium sp. waseffective with concentration of 20g/l as many as 24,14% compared withcontrol. The degree of attack was positively correlated with population ofS. indecora.Key words: Cashew, Anacardium occidentale L., pest , Sanurus indecora,biological control, Synnematium sp. Nusa Tenggara Barat

Hamming distance between two vertices of a finite simple graph is defined to be the Hamming distance of rows of (0,1)-matrix of the graph correspond to the two vertices. Hamming index of a graph is the sum of Hamming distances between all pairs of vertices in the graph. In this paper, we introduce the notion of additively weighted Hamming index of graph where the Hamming distance between two vertices is weighted by the sum of the degrees of the two vertices. We discuss the additively weighted Hamming index of a graph with respect to adjacency and incidence matrix of the graph. We relate the additively weighted Hamming index of a graph to the order of the graph, the size of the graph and the degree of each vertex in the graph. We then use this relationship to determine the additively weighted Hamming index of graph whose vertices have almost uniform degree.

Essential oils such as clove, lemongrass, and citronella are known as botanical insecticides. Mixed-essential oils and a single compound of the oil itself may increase its efficacy. The experiment aimed to examine the effect of the essential oil mixture and para-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD) formulas in inhibiting of the egg-laying and mortality of brown planthopper. The study conducted at the greenhouse of Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, Bogor. The formula tested were clove+citronella oils (1:1), clove+lemongrass oils (1:1), the single essential oil, solvent materials (a mixture of tween 80, Turpentine, and surfactant), PMD-solvent substances (emulsifier, alcohol 96%, and surfactant). A contact application was applied to the insect. Observation parameters were egg numbers laid and brown planthopper adult and nymph mortalities. The result of the insect contact application method showed that adult mortality was not significantly different compare with control and synthetic insecticide. Based on the plant residue test, nymph mortality due to clove oil + citronella oils were not significantly different from control and insecticide. Meanwhile, based on the insect and plant spray test, adult mortality on clove oil + citronella was not differently significant from the synthetic insecticide. However, the effectiveness of clove+lemongrass oils was slower. The efficacy of the oil formula to the egg laid was significantly different from the synthetic insecticide treatment, i.e., fewer eggs laid. PMD was less effective than the essential oil formula on the nymphs and adult mortalities of brown planthopper. Further field evaluations of the clove oil + citronella formulas are required.

Nanobiopesticide citronella (Nano-BC) at 1% concentration was effectively reduced the intensity of mosaic disease and yield loss ranging from 23 to 43%. The mixed formulation of Serratia marsescens AR1 and Pseudomonas fluorescens LPK1-9 with cow manure (15 kg/tree) and 0.1% nanobiopesticide citronella were able to reduce 20 to 25% the intensity of vascular streak dieback disease (VSD). The combination between biofertilizer and Nano-BC is assumed to be able to reduce the intensity of patchouli mosaic virus and its insect vector and increase the resistance of patchouli plants to the disease. The objective of this study was to obtain a dose of biofertilizer (0, 100, 200, 300 g) and 1% Nano-BC that effectively controlling patchouli mosaic disease and their vectors in the field. Research was conducted on patchouli var Sidikalang at Laing Experimental Garden, Solok from January to December 2018. Application of 1% Nano-BC and 300 g biofertilizer per plant showed as the best combination to reduce the incidence and intensity of patchouli mosaic disease in the field. In addition, the highest content of P2O5 was 39.00 ppm available in the soil, in which the efficacy rate ranged from 9.37 to 12.47%.

An experiment was conducted under field condition in Wonogiri, Central Java in 2018 to evaluate the effectiveness of biological control agents against xylem limited bacterium disease and its insect vector (Hindola striata). The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block design with 12 treatments and 4 replicates. Treatments used were (1) fipronil, (2) Beauveria bassiana, (3) bioprotector, (4) oxytetracycline, (5) Bacillus sp. - Pseudomonas, (6) oxytetracycline + fipronil, (7) oxytetracycline + bioprotector, (8) oxytetracycline + B. bassiana), (9) Bacillus sp. - Pseudomonas + fipronil, (10) Bacillus sp. - Pseudomonas + bioprotector), (11) Bacillus sp. - Pseudomonas + B. bassiana, and (12) control (water). Infected clove plants were treated twice with monthly application interval. Variables observed were the population of H. striata, percentage of plant damage, and the plant shoots growth. Treatments of oxytetracycline, fipronil, oxytetracycline + fipronil, Bacillus sp.-Pseudomonas, oxytetracycline + B. bassiana, and Bacillus sp. - Pseudomonas + B. bassiana could reduce 100% population of H. striata. Treatments of Bacillus sp. - Pseudomonas + B. bassiana could inhibit the plant damage percentage up to 91.94%. While, treatments of Bacillus sp. - Pseudomonas + B. bassiana, Bacillus sp. - Pseudomonas + fipronil, and oxytetracycline + fipronil stimulated the plant shoots growth.

The mosaic disease declines production and oil quality of patchouli. Antiviral-based citronella oil has been formulated using a spontaneous emulsification technique (nanotechnology). The previous result of the greenhouse trial showed the formula at 1-1.5 % concentrations suppressed the development of virus of about 82.5 %. The field-scale tests is necessary to be performed to validate the effectiveness of citronella nano biopesticide (CNB) against the mosaic virus and its vector on patchouli. The study was conducted in patchouli plantation at two locations (Pandeglang, Banten and Manoko, West Java). The research was arranged in a Randomized Completed Block Design (RCBD) with 6 treatments and 10 replications, each replication consisted of 50 plants. The treatments were formula of CNB at the concentration of (1) 0.5 %, (2) 1 %, (3) 1.5 %, (4) 2 %, (5) insecticide (deltamethrin 0.2 %), and (6) control. The results showed that CNB formula at 1 % concentration with a monthly application effectively suppressed the development of mosaic disease in patchouli plants, and at 2 % concentration to control rolled-leaf aphid. The lowest intensity of mosaic disease (at 1 % concentration) was in Banten (23.12 %) and in West Java (18.35 %), while in control ranged from 26.31-44.94 % (Banten) and 19.60-23.12 % (West Java). Efficacy Index (EI) in Banten ranged from 12.12-48.55 % and in West Java was 6.38-20.63 %. The lowest intensity of aphid attack was showed by insecticide and CNB at 2 % concentration. The EI of CNB was 35.33 % (Banten) and 51.71 % (West Java) respectively.

Thrips were reported as one of the pests of karuk (Piper sarmentosum) in the Garden of Medical Scientific Tourism, Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute (ISMCRI). Thrips attack was known for the first time in April 2016 with moderate intensity. Affected leaves become wavy, rolled, and stiff then the leaves will dry up and wither. Morphology identification showed thatLiothrips vaneeckei(Thysanopters: Phlaeothripidae) as the causal agent infested on karuk. This is the first report ofL. vaneeckeiin Indonesia.

Hamming distance of a two bit strings u and v of length n is defined to be the number of positions of u and v with different digit. If G is a simple graph on n vertices and m edges and B is an edge–vertex incidence matrix of G, then every edge e of G can be labeled using a binary digit string of length n from the row of B which corresponds to the edge e. We discuss Hamming distance of two different edges of the graph G. Then, we present formulae for the sum of all Hamming distances between two different edges of G, particularly when G is a path, a cycle, and a wheel, and some composite graphs.

Tujuan penelitian untuk meningkatkan profesionalisme guru IPA SMP se Kecamatan Sleman, melalui kegiatan lesson study , sehingga berdampak pada hasil belajar siswa. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian tindakan dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Subyek penelitian 32 orang siswa kelas VIII dan 10 orang guru IPA SMP se-kecamatan Sleman. Kolaborator adalah guru-guru fisika dari SMP Negeri Kecamatan Sleman . Skenario tindakan meliputi 3 siklus, dengan desain: perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan kelas, observasi, refleksi dalam setiap siklus. Metode dan alat pengumpulan data: angket untuk data kuantitatif, observasi dan wawancara untuk data kualitatif, tes prestasi belajar untuk pengukuran hasil. Analisis dan Refleksi dilakukan setiap siklus. Pemaknaan hasil analisis dan kriteria keberhasilan dengan optimalisasi kegiatan lesson study. Hasil penelitian adalah: Kegiatan lesson study dapat meningkatan profesionalisme guru dan berdampak pada peningkatan motivasi belajar siswa. Peningkatan profesionalisme tampak dari peningkatan kompetensi pribadi guru pada siklus 1, ada 15,6% guru masuk kategori baik dan pada siklus 2 ada 3,1% berkategori sangat baik, 43,8% guru berkategori baik. Peningkatan kompetensi profesional guru pada siklus 1, ada 25% guru berkategori baik, pada siklus 2 ada 9,4% sangat baik, 37,2%, baik. Kata kunci : Profesionalisme guru IPA

Let G be a finite simple graph and A be the adjacency matrix of G. Then each row of A is a bit string of finite length. Hamming distance between any two rows of A is defined to be the number of positions with different digit. For any two vertices vi and vj in graph G we define Hamming distance, generated the adjacency matrix A, between vi and vj as the Hamming distance between rows of A corresponding to the vertices vi and vj . The Hamming index of the graph G is the sum of Hamming distances over all distinct pairs of vertices vi and vj in G. This paper discuss Hamming index of finite simple graphs. We present a formula for Hamming index of graphs in terms of known parameters of the graph namely the number of vertices, the number of edges and the degree of each vertex. We then apply the formula to determine the Hamming index for some graph operations.