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This article investigates the meanings of the public space, specifically addressing urban marginalized areas. It explores the issue of inequality in relation to public space and how this is reflected in urban policies. Starting from a theoretical framework based on three heuristic dimensions regarding practices, imaginaries, and norms, the authors will analyze through a multidisciplinary approach—that brings planning and cultural anthropology into dialogue—three cases related to some resignification and re-appropriation dynamics within a neighborhood of social housing located in Milan. The three cases concern: a regeneration project of a road accomplished through an experimental municipal device; a recently renewed square located on the border of the neighborhood; the organization of a public event to clean up waste. The public space of San Siro will emerge as an arena where several social actors and their conflicting interests clash, thus affecting the everyday life of its residents and the possibilities for planning an inclusive city as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of History Studies (13094688) is the property of History Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The experience of homelessness goes beyond being houseless and requires a whole-person-in-context approach. Although scant and varied, research with people experiencing homelessness suggests positive benefits from music therapy. Narrative reviews are helpful to synthesize literature with varied levels of evidence and research perspectives. The purpose of this narrative literature review is to provide a critical overview of the extant music therapy literature related to people experiencing homelessness and to inform recommendations for future research and practice. The 22 studies that meet inclusion criteria focused on three main areas of knowledge: (a) the impact of music therapy on people experiencing homelessness, (b) considerations for using music therapy with people experiencing homelessness, and (c) both a and b. Studies about the impact of music therapy indicate benefits including experiencing, regulating, and expressing emotions; engaging in meaningful connection and support; and developing and expressing identities that resist oppression. Other studies offer considerations related to musical preferences, aspects of the therapeutic process, and the therapists' position in terms of culture and power. Ongoing research about the role of music therapy in approaching and understanding homelessness is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Comparative Literature / Primerjalna Književnost is the property of Slovenian Comparative Literature Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Due to the limited onboard resources on Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs), the poor real-time performance has always been an urgent problem to be solved in the practical applications of visual inertial odometry (VIO). Therefore, a lightweight omnidirectional visual-inertial odometry (LOVIO) for MAVs based on improved keyframe tracking and marginalization was proposed. In the front-end processing of LOVIO, wide field-of-view (FOV) images are captured by an omnidirectional camera, frames are tracked by semi-direct method combining of direct method with rapidity and feature-based method with accuracy. In the back-end optimization, the Hessian matrix corresponding to the error optimization equation is stepwise marginalized, so the high-dimensional matrix is decomposed and the operating efficiency is improved. Experimental results on the dataset TUM-VI show that LOVIO can significantly reduce running time consumption without loss of precision and robustness, that means LOVIO has better real-time and practicability for MAVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Culturally responsive and equitable evaluation (CREE) is a methodological paradigm that intertwines the principles of ethnography with community-centered approaches to amplify the authenticity and efficacy of program evaluations. This chapter explores the integration of ethnographic inquiry and methods to enhance evaluators' engagement with diverse stakeholders through a foundation of mutual respect, co-learning, and capacity building. Ethnography contributes depth to CREE by facilitating sustained participatory engagement, open-ended interviewing, and immersive observation, capturing the intricate cultural dynamics that inform context-specific recommendations. A crucial element of this integration is reflexivity concerning evaluators' privilege and positionality. By maintaining proactive transparency about their insider–outsider status and actively balancing power dynamics, evaluators can mitigate cultural blind spots and extractive biases. This approach not only foregrounds marginalized voices but also emphasizes critical self-interrogation, advancing the evaluation's potential to enact social change. However, without relentless anti-oppressive reflexivity, there is a risk of merely appropriating ethnographic methods for cosmetic purposes, thereby undermining the humanistic and authenticity aims of CREE. For program evaluators committed to adhering to the guiding principles of cultural competence, continuous professional development in ethnographic and CREE methodologies is essential. This chapter describes the meaningful integration of these methods, fostering more respectful, authentic, and equitable engagements with communities. Future directions for evaluation practice should focus on developing ethnographic, participatory, and community-based methods training, integrating critical theories to address power dynamics and promote reflexivity, and ensuring that evaluations not only meet technical standards but also achieve profound societal impact through a committed, collaborative, and authentic approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop hierarchical models and methods in a fully parametric approach to generalized linear mixed models for any patterned covariance matrix. The Laplace approximation is used to marginally estimate covariance parameters by integrating over all fixed and latent random effects. The Laplace approximation relies on Newton–Raphson updates, which also leads to predictions for the latent random effects. We develop methodology for complete marginal inference, from estimating covariance parameters and fixed effects to making predictions for unobserved data. The marginal likelihood is developed for six distributions that are often used for binary, count, and positive continuous data, and our framework is easily extended to other distributions. We compare our methods to fully Bayesian methods, automatic differentiation, and integrated nested Laplace approximations (INLA) for bias, mean‐squared (prediction) error, and interval coverage, and all methods yield very similar results. However, our methods are much faster than Bayesian methods, and more general than INLA. Examples with binary and proportional data, count data, and positive‐continuous data are used to illustrate all six distributions with a variety of patterned covariance structures that include spatial models (both geostatistical and areal models), time series models, and mixtures with typical random intercepts based on grouping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term hotbed of vulnerability (or HoV) has recently been used to describe growing inequalities and the increased exposure of marginalized spaces to climate change impacts. What has been less addressed so far is how HoVs are the result of intersecting social processes (marginalization, informality and invisibilization) that expel racialized populations from the space of safe habitation and subject them, via territorial stigmatization and relegation, to the foreseeable impacts of climate change. HoVs emerge as the extreme outcome of the processes mentioned above, through which the concentration of multiple sources of vulnerability coalesces in one location and shapes the exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity of marginalized families. This paper uses quantitative and qualitative data to flesh out the characteristics of HoVs, first by means of a survey in 96 segregated Roma communities in Romania and, second, using an extended case study of Dăroaia, a Roma community in the Apuseni Mountains affected by floods in July 2021. Our results indicate that there are indeed synergistic effects that occur in HoVs and that these cannot be addressed only by technical means but require instead a comprehensive consideration of their social roots. Continued marginalization, informality, and invisibilization all interact to reproduce HoVs, thereby deepening their vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Based on 35 comic strip dialogues with marginalized children in Italy, Norway and Slovenia, as well as three individual interviews with Italian practitioners, this article introduces a methodological approach that offers a ‘back door’ for exploring social problems embedded in the everyday lives of children. The analysis demonstrates the importance of adopting an everyday life perspective as an analytical strategy in conversations with children in marginalized life situations. This means shifting the focus away from solely examining risk factors and instead promoting a contextual understanding of risk, with an emphasis on amplifying the diverse voices of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality of life is an important question, topic, but also an object of investigation in today's increasingly complex times. Everyone perceives and feels it differently, and it often becomes the subject of political struggle, but also a poorly understood concept. This area is very complex and is a combination of both objectively given factors and subjective perception. However, as part of its investigation, minorities in the form of segregated population groups suffering from social inclusion are often not taken into account. Exactly this case in the Slovak Republic represents the Roma ethnicity belonging to the marginalized Roma community. The declared quality of life of the marginalized Roma community does not reach the level of the majority. The aim of the paper is to identify the phenomena causing the deterioration of the quality of life and their impact on the Roma population in our conditions, and the possibilities of their solution and improwement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the same time that it took France to win the 2018 World Cup final, Ladj Ly's film, Les Misérables (2019), takes viewers from jubilant football crowd scenes to protest in the streets. Produced as a response to the 2005 riots in France, Ly takes an urgent look at inequality and police violence in the banlieue or impoverished suburbs. His aim is both to debunk the Republic's claim to universalism and to contest the representation of the banlieue in mainstream media and banlieue film. I argue that in claiming heritage from Victor Hugo, Ly explores the effectiveness of various media platforms for challenging social exclusion in the high-rise estates on the margins of the city, with their large immigrant populations. I look firstly at Republican values and marginalization in the banlieue , before considering banlieue film and how Les Misérables moves from nineteenth-century literature to twenty-first century digital activism in order to embrace a more inclusive society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have widely documented that women's descriptive representation in parliaments enhances their substantive representation. We probe this relationship under varying levels of women's collective and individual marginality based on an original dataset documenting the parliamentary behaviour of Israeli legislators over eleven parliamentary terms (1977–2015). Using several measures of individual-level marginality we show that marginalized female legislators are more prone to engage in gender-related parliamentary activity than their less marginal counterparts, albeit only under a certain threshold of women's marginality as a group. The article elucidates the dynamic nature of the relationship between descriptive and substantive representation of disadvantaged groups by demonstrating that it is contingent on their collective standing in parliament and on the marginality of individual legislators as manifested in their strategic choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the issues of racism and segregation in Maya Angelou's selected poems. As an African American, Maya Angelou in her poems and autobiographical novels demonstrates the historical, social and economic condition of her community, especially till the 1970's. To argue on these grounds, power structure between the white and the black, or African American is also important to discuss. In this paper, six poems of Maya Angelou which are "Still I Rise", "Caged Bird", "Alone", "Harlem Hopscotch", "Phenomenal Woman" and "My Guilt" will be discussed and analyzed to discover and rediscover the themes of racism and segregation. So, this paper examines the historical reality of Maya Angelou's community, important features, facts and information found in her poetry, along with the way of segregation in a racist society. Simultaneously, this paper explores the socio-economic context of the blacks as a base for racism and segregation and the apparent mentions of racism and segregation in Maya Angelou's poems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractCOVID-19 resulted in disruptions that were both economic and social, significantly impacting the school education of tribal children. This study captures such experiences of the Konda Dora tribe in India by applying Mill’s Sociological Imagination to the interviews of 43 children (6–13 years) and their families. A narrative thematic analysis was applied. The findings suggest that COVID-19 aggravated the existing infrastructural and academic inequalities as well as patriarchal norms, negatively influencing school outcomes. As the gap in learning persists, the study proposes measures to minimize the impact of the pandemic and historical biases on the education of tribal children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-resident fathers are rarely researched from a critical perspective. Becoming a non-resident father often results in major dislocation, presenting challenges and hindrances to a meaningful relationship with children. Dislocation is increased by the involvement of the family court, legal issues, false abuse allegations, and ex-partners. Changing family configurations may marginalize non-resident fathers, with their own perspectives, voices, and lack of power remaining largely unmapped. This paper identifies what hinders non-resident fathers' relationships with their children from a critical and Australian perspective. In-depth interviews using open-ended questions with 19 non-resident fathers were used to collect data, followed by a five-step critical thematic analysis to focus on the locus of power. Non-resident fathers' perceptions included a lack of agency and decision-making power; the mother, legal obstacles, and agencies hindered their desired relationships with children. Hindrances were magnified by descriptions of false allegations and IPV from the ex-partner and/or her agents, resulting in a sense of marginalization, silencing, and disempowerment. Australian non-resident fathers in this study identified that desired relationships with their children were hindered by the roles of legal and welfare services, policing, and their ex-partners. The highlighting of these issues points to ways that non-resident fathers with similar experiences of a lack of agency and decision-making power might be better supported by more streamlined and balanced legal processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the annals of democratic governance, India's narrative unfolds a paradoxical tale of promise and peril, where ideals of equality and freedom often intersect with realities of power and oppression. India's democracy seems to be something of an enigma in which lofty principles and ideals are, more often than not, eclipsed by the use of force and repression. Notwithstanding the claims to inclusivity and representation, Indian democracy, more often than not, undermines the very structures and mechanisms needed to protect it. This article is an attempt to delve into the concerns of potential democratic decay that has dawned upon the Indian political system, particularly, in the wake of the ascendancy of Hindu majoritarianism. And it seeks to do so through a critical review of Alpa Shah's book The Incarcerations: BK-16 and the Search for Democracy in India which, based on profound research work, presents a gripping narrative of the Bhima Koregaon case of 2018 to bring to light the ways in which the modern Indian state systematically erodes democratic values and comes down heavily upon those seeking to raise their voices against the perceived injustices perpetrated by it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates the impact of the grant of the 'Scheduled Tribe' status to the Gujjars of Jammu and Kashmir. We interacted with community members in order to understand their views. The article is based on these responses, supplemented by inputs from published government reports and other secondary studies, and is an attempt to produce a nuanced understanding of the true import of reservation for the Gujjars. We seek to understand whether the affirmative action undertaken to protect the community has produced the desired level of shift in the community's marginal status in the erstwhile state of Jammu and Kashmir. The paper contends that the efficacy of affirmative action is not ensured by the duration of such measures, but by the presence of a robust political will to implement the same. In the case of the Gujjars, the success of these measures has been minimal on account of the tardy manner of enactment of the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to examine the career trajectories of two teachers in the United States and their decision to leave teaching Spanish. Data for the study emerged from the teachers' narratives about their school‐based experiences and the consequences of those experiences on their decisions to reorient their work in the educational community. We adopted the theoretical framework of history in person to analyze the interactions between the teachers' own personal histories with the histories of the institutions in which they taught. Data collection began during the two teachers' student‐teaching semester and continued for 5 years after their initial induction into the language teaching profession and included interviews and email communications. The context was North Carolina, a state experiencing a severe teacher shortage and conflicts regarding teacher compensation. Findings highlight the challenges these teachers faced and how their interactions with historically institutionalized struggles were consequential to their professional futures. Implications for research, policy, and teacher preparation are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of the proposed expansion of eligibility for physician aid in dying (PAD) in Canada to people with psychiatric disorders, there is a new subset of individuals seeking PAD—those with poverty‐induced depression. The dominant account defending the expansion is known as the "parity argument." Defenders of the parity argument maintain that the expansion of PAD to those with psychiatric conditions is needed to reflect that the seriousness of a patient's suffering does not depend on the cause of that suffering. Parity accounts, as they stand, would allow cases of poverty‐induced depression to qualify. I raise a moral dilemma that the parity theorist must face considering this new subset of cases—expanding access to PAD, without adequate social protections, could produce more social inequality by aiming to reduce it. I propose six recommendations that policy‐makers should consider before expanding PAD given these cases, social injustice, and the social determinants of mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the requirement of precision in pose recognition process of traditional SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping), the reverse optical flow algorithm is added to the front‑end part of VINS-Mono. To meet the real‑time requirement of SLAM, a marginal optimization algorithm is integrated into the back‑end sliding window optimization method of VINS-Mono, the parts excluding camera pose are marginalized firstly, and then pose parts of cameras are marginalized, to accelerate marginalization process. And experiments are carried out using EuRoc (European robotics challenge) datasets. The results show that accuracy is improved slightly by improvement strategy of the front end, and the possible reasons are analyzed. For the improvement strategy of the back end, it is found that compared with the source code, the time used for the marginalization of the improved algorithm is reduced by 25. 9% on average, and then compare their trajectory accuracy. It is found that the error is controllable. Finally, it is verified that the improved strategy for the back‑end of VINS-Mono is superior in real‑time performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irregular migrants are legally excluded from formal employment, regular housing markets, and unemployment benefits, and in the Netherlands, they are also excluded from governmentally funded homeless shelters. While alternative sheltering arrangements have emerged for specific irregular migrants (e.g. minors, victims of human trafficking), unaccompanied adult men were typically still excluded from institutionalized shelter. In 2019, however, the national government launched a sheltering pilot for irregular migrants, which involves unaccompanied adult men in particular. Based on qualitative fieldwork in Rotterdam, and using Van Dijk and Steinmetz's risk model as a theoretical lens, we argue that irregular status, interacting with other relevant factors such as social capital, co-determines the men's criminal victimization risks, and fear of crime. In addition, we show how access to shelter changed the meaning and therefore the consequences of irregular status, resulting in both 'de-marginalization' and 're-marginalization': victimization risks were generally reported to be lower in the shelter than in the streets, but sheltering also introduced new risks, which were mostly attributed to the co-presence of other sheltered groups, especially marginalized European Union (EU) citizens with a stronger immigration status. Paying attention to immigration statuses, and how they are socially constructed, thus helps to shed light on contemporary criminal victimization risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides an introduction to the anthology devoted to studying theories and practices of discourses of exclusion. Framing the discussion by references to Kimberlé Crenshaw's notion of intersectionality and Michel Foucault's conceptualization of the relations between discourse and power, the essay stresses the multiple forms of exclusion and entangled power differentials that determine a person's identity and social status and argues for the need to employ an interdisciplinary perspective. The overview of the issues analyzed in the anthology is guided by the recognition of the complex links between theory and practice and the awareness that exclusions reinforce precarity and dismantle networks of support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Refuge and migration are among the most pressing global issues, significantly impacting the social quality of life for various groups across different regions of the world. Refuge is, in itself, a profound humanitarian crisis, resulting from successive shocks rooted in conflict, disasters, climate change, widespread drought, poverty, and starvation, particularly affecting regions in Sub-Saharan Africa and the African Sahel. Consequently, many individuals, families, and communities seek refuge in North African countries, especially Algeria, with hopes of eventually crossing to Europe. However, settling in host societies brings forth numerous challenges related to integration difficulties, marginalization, poverty, poor health conditions, and other issues. The question of identity is also deeply tied to cultural diversity, especially in the presence of many refugees or migrants who often bring distinct cultural symbols and behavioral patterns, which may provoke challenges within the host community and for the refugees themselves. Accordingly, this study examines a crucial aspect of Algerian society—the issues of identity and the potential for social, cultural, and professional integration of African refugees, particularly from Mali and Niger, in Algeria. This research explores the everyday realities of these challenges through a descriptive method, analyzing the social conditions experienced by African refugees in Algeria through simple observational insights gained from daily interactions and observations of the lives of refugees and African migrants in our society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Across two studies (N = 190), we evaluate how fat people perceive groups of bodies and how this visual processing predicts social identity threat and safety. We examined how fat people ensemble code – rapidly and simultaneously extract visual information from a group – body size from groups of bodies. Stimuli included sets of 3-d modeled bodies varying in body mass index (BMI; Study 1) and real photographs of groups of people with known BMI (Study 2). As hypothesized, we found that fat people were generally accurate at ensemble coding the average body size of arrays after 500 ms exposure, and that, particularly among fat people with medium and high stigma consciousness, arrays of increasing average BMI were associated with heightened feelings of identity safety. Our work suggests that the representation of fatness in one's environment may be an important precursor to social identity threat and safety processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Youth homelessness (YH) demands transformative changes in research, education, and public policy. Distinct from adult homelessness (AH), poorly addressed YH may lead to AH. Prevailing media narratives and policy communications perpetuate stigma and are unrepresentative of youth's lived experiences, hindering the educational sector's capacity to implement supportive measures in youth homelessness prevention. Schools are well poised to provide preventative and mitigative supports to address YH, yet the work intensification of educators has reached a point of fatigue, thus threatening support efficacy. We conceptualize research as activism and propose that policy can be engaged as a matter of social justice and a means to transform society via research and knowledge mobilization (KMb). Our Canadian environmental scan informs several studies in progress, which share goals to: prevent YH; reduce harms from intersectional issues to YH; and ameliorate conditions for resilience pertaining to youth in or at risk of homelessness. We call for a multi-pronged approach to engage stakeholders and the education sector in addressing this high-stakes issue disproportionately affecting underserved youth. Our findings chart the next steps of this research as activism cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Iran, the extent of worn-out and marginal structures and the inefficiency of the mechanisms to deal with these structures is considered as a fundamental issue in urban planning and management. Despite the age of schools of morphology, limited research has been done in the field of typology of urban fabric. Today, remote sensing and GIS techniques are considered suitable methods for data collection and quick and accurate decision-making in environmental studies. The main goal of this research is comparative comparison of parts grading. In order to carry out the research, IRS, Sanjande (Liss) satellite images in 2017 and Sentinel 2 images, bands 2, 3, 4, 8 (visible) with a spatial resolution of 10 meters were used and it was tried to find the best methods and Criteria should be adopted to evaluate the granularity of parts using remote sensing techniques, especially the object-oriented method of images. After making the necessary corrections, it was processed in the eCognition software environment and object-based algorithms were used for evaluation. The results of this research showed that this method (objective thresholding classification) has a good accuracy for evaluation with an overall accuracy of 93% and a Kappa coefficient of 91%, and in both studied tissues (worn and marginal), The indicators of fineness and impermeability were concretely present, so that in both tissues, the area of more than 50% of the plaques is below 200 square meters. The results of the research show that there is no significant difference between the worn and marginal tissue and both the studied areas have fine-grained and impermeable tissue. Also, the map and data related to the urban context, due to their collection in the field and the outdated classification method, cannot meet the current study and executive needs. In this regard, with new developments and technologies such as remote sensing, which have caused a significant reduction in field studies, time and cost, it has been possible to study the granularity of tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this contribution is to analyze 'the burnings' of the ḥarga, the crossing of the Mediterranean made by migrants without passports and visas, by which documents and identities, borders and boundaries are burned, as the etymon of the verb ḥaraqa suggests, starting from ethnographic material collected “first-hand.” 'Stopping' on the stories of those who experienced and/or imagined the ḥarga returns innovative and original approaches, subtracting the protagonists from stereotypes and simplifications, in which personal ambitions and desire for change emerge emphasized by post-Spring disillusionment and a stagnant condition of the “youth,” distrustful of the Tunisian future. At the same time, it reveals how experiences are largely permeated by inequalities at the geopolitical level between the global North and South. In a plurality of attitudes, meanings not unambiguous in perceptions and moral valences, toward which the subjects themselves surrender to an ambivalence in which stigma and exculpation stand in dialectical relation, the ḥarga allows them to escape the procrastination of uncertainty and disheartenment and to challenge the normative state of immobility due to the construction of illegality and illegitimacy. The ḥarga will emerge in the form of collective representations capable of permeating the singularities of existences in which awareness of the difficulties due to visa restrictions, the paternalism of the “Western” gaze, the postcolonial subservience to Europe, the limitations of qualifying as “legal migrants,” the violence and aggressiveness of controls, and the European will to exclude undesirables play a prominent role.

Instances of domestic violence against women persist globally, particularly prevalent in various forms across South Asia. It is a topic that has gained attention in various forms of media, including Bollywood movies. One of the recent Bollywood productions, Darlings (2022), directed by Jasmeet K. Reen, addresses this issue differently than its predecessors. A grim subject like domestic violence which is rarely material for humor has been presented through a dark comedic lens while bringing back the Muslim social genre. This paper seeks to assert by referring to western and non-western feminist discourse that, despite successfully subverting the popular representation of women in feminist revenge narratives and emphasizing the perpetuating maltreatment of women in South Asian patriarchal households, the film could not liberate itself from the two oppositional representations of women – “angel” and “madwoman” (in case of Darlings, it is murderer), popularized by Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar in The Madwoman in the Attic. Concurrently, while correlating Simone de Beauvoir’s positioning of women in her influential text, The Second Sex with Chandra Talpade Mohanty’s postcolonial alignment in “Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses,” the paper will also argue that, in spite of raising awareness about violence against women and deconstructing the stereotypical portrayal of domestic violence in Bollywood, the film inadvertently normalizes intimate partner violence (IPV) and potentially undermines the seriousness of this critical social issue.

The development of the Yogyakarta International Airport aims to push the community’s economy. However, in practice, it faces failure. The land expansion needed for the airport operation has caused a loss of the source of income for the farmers nearby and the moving of their residences. Meanwhile, no working sites are accessible to the farmers where they are relocated. This study reveals the marginalization of farmers in maintaining their source of livelihood around the construction site of the Yogyakarta International Airport. This study uses interview methods, indirect observation, and document studies. The findings in this study are: the farmers experience marginalization in accessing work, land, and capital. They then experience uncertainty in income and loss of creativity as farmers. Therefore, the development of the airport has marginalized the farmers. This is an indicator of the failure of development goals. Therefore, a policy is needed to provide agricultural land for farmers to manage and get a source of livelihood.

Abortion is central to the American political landscape and a common pregnancy outcome, yet research on abortion has been siloed and marginalized in the social sciences. In an empirical analysis, the authors found only 22 articles published in this century in the top economics, political science, and sociology journals. This special issue aims to bring abortion research into a more generalist space, challenging what the authors term "the abortion research paradox," wherein abortion research is largely absent from prominent disciplinary social science journals but flourishes in interdisciplinary and specialized journals. After discussing the misconceptions that likely contribute to abortion research siloization and the implications of this siloization for abortion research as well as social science knowledge more generally, the authors introduce the articles in this special issue. Then, in a call for continued and expanded research on abortion, the introduction to this special issue closes by offering three guiding practices for abortion scholars-both those new to the topic and those deeply familiar with it-in the hopes of building an ever-richer body of literature on abortion politics, policy, and law. The need for such a robust literature is especially acute following the US Supreme Court's June 2022 overturning of the constitutional right to abortion.

ObjectiveThe present study investigated whether associations between sociopolitical discussions and mental health differed by racial discrimination among racially minoritized college students. We also tested whether associations differed between election years-when sociopolitical discussions may be more frequent-and nonelection years.MethodIn November 2020, racially minoritized college students (N = 225; Mage = 19.84, SD = 1.41; 72.89% female; 52.00% Asian, 22.67% Latino, 16.00% multiracial, 9.33% races including Black and Middle Eastern) reported how often they had experienced racial discrimination, their frequency of sociopolitical discussions with friends and family, and their mental health.ResultsResults indicated that participants who had more frequent sociopolitical discussions with friends-but not family-only reported more internalizing problems if they had never or rarely experienced racial discrimination in the past year. To determine whether results were unique to discussions during election years, a second sample (N = 262; Mage = 20.18, SD = 2.30; 82.53% female; 48.86% Asian, 18.56% Latino, 15.42% multiracial, 17.78% races including Black and Middle Eastern) was recruited 1 year later, and racial discrimination did not moderate associations between sociopolitical discussions and internalizing problems.ConclusionsSociopolitical discussions with friends during presidential elections may be related to greater internalizing problems for racially minoritized college students who experience racial discrimination less frequently, potentially because they may feel less prepared or less motivated to have these conversations compared to racially minoritized college students who experience racial discrimination more frequently. Future studies should investigate means of promoting sociopolitical discussions on campus while attenuating the association between sociopolitical discussions and internalizing problems. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

The paper explores the effects of social disablement caused by imprisonment, analyzing how this institution can exacerbate existing disability conditions or create new ones. Through a review of sociological literature, it highlights how the prison context can significantly contribute to an additional level of disablement. Considering the incapacitating effects of imprisonment, it emerges that the prison system acts as a “producer” of social disablement, intensifying marginalization processes and increasing societal disparities. This process is fueled by prison overcrowding, loss of employment and housing, suspension of social assistance, and the breakdown of family ties, creating a vicious cycle that generates and reinforces social disablement. The article underscores the need for greater attention and research in the field of disability within the prison environment, considering the dynamic interaction between individual conditions and contextual factors that influence it. Furthermore, it calls for a critical reflection on the social function and practices of prison institutions, proposing a more inclusive approach that reconsiders penal structures and policies to mitigate the disabling effects of detention.

Ghanaian tradition, like other African traditions, revolves around cultural values and beliefs. These cultural values and beliefs vary as a result of the different cultural contexts in Ghana. One of the most popular traditions in Ghana is the use of songs as a form of entertainment and a mouthpiece for satirizing society’s ills. Mohammed Ismail Sherif Kwaku Frimpong, popularly known as Black Sherif, is a musician who employs the oral genre of Ghanaian music to unveil some of the pertinent issues in Ghana. This study uses the lyrics of the selected songs as data, which are transcribed and textually analyzed to situate Black Sherif’s music as a pathway through which the young people divulge critical issues confronting them and the vulnerable in the country. The study explores how the artiste presents entertaining yet thought-provoking songs as a manner of expression and foregrounds the culture of Ghana through the use of diction, imagery, and symbolism. It argues that the young people play constitutive roles in nation-building by promoting the Ghanaian culture through the songs they write, so society should grant them an audience and heed what they say. The findings reveal that the economic situation of the country has rendered young people jobless and frustrated and that the ghetto lifestyle has emerged as a popular culture in Ghana.

Survival has been the most important concern of mankind throughout history. Spatial mobility (migration) has been one of the strategies of humans to achieve survival. In the migration process, the first and most important actions of immigrants, especially immigrants with lower economic levels, are survival and adaptation-oriented actions with the destination society. Therefore, the present research has sought to analyze the survival-oriented actions among marginalized immigrant women in Yazd city. The current research method is qualitative and grounded theory approach is used. The participants were 21 women who immigrated to Yazd city from different provinces of the country with a residence period of more than two years, who were selected in a targeted manner using theoretical sampling. The data collection tool was semi-structured interview and data analysis was done by open, central and selective coding method. The findings showed that the generational gap and inappropriate policies in immigration origins by creating extensive changes in the form of linking survival to material things, forces women to act rationally and adopt migration as a practical guide to achieve and maintain survival. This path is often rational, with measurement and calculation and centered on money. But on the other hand, in the process of durability and survival in the destination, women need incentives beyond money. Although the main path is all calculation, spirituality in women increases the adaptability of immigrant women by generating hope and healing mental injuries, and provides a support for their standing and efforts to ensure and facilitate survival.

Introduction: Public spaces where alcohol and other drugs are openly used and marginal citizens gather, exist in many Nordic cities. The biggest open drug scenes in the Nordic countries are in cities like Oslo and Copenhagen; however, there are smaller scenes in other cities and suburbs, centered around shed-like structures, offering some form of shelter and a designated space for marginalized people involved in heavy drug and alcohol use who hang out in public space. In this paper, we investigate, in a comparative perspective, the characteristics and functions of smaller open alcohol and drug scenes, and how their existence is negotiated in the local community and among the citizens using them. Methods and material: This article is a comparative case-study based on data from fieldwork (participating observation and interviews) carried out in two specific, yet somewhat similar, locations in Denmark and Norway between 2017 – 2022. A crosscase analysis was performed to identify commonalities and differences. Results: Smaller open alcohol and drug scenes are non-regulated spaces of ambivalence and ongoing negotiation in local communities. Based on the data across locations, they represent possibilities for informal care and community for citizens in marginalized situations. The scenes are further, across location, characterized by a mutual agreement of performing decency, e.g., not allowing minor drug sale/use. Discussion: To enable public spaces as smaller alcohol and drug scenes can play a role in reducing harm for marginalized citizens. Communication and dialogue between citizens using an open drug scene and the wider community may help reduce stigma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay examines the first woman-centered film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, Captain Marvel (2019), which was both lauded and criticized in reviews for its unambiguous feminism. I use intersectional and Black feminist theoretical frameworks to argue that the film exemplifies a white feminist ideology whereby protagonist Carol Danvers' (Brie Larson) humanity and womanhood come to stand in for her marginalization as an Other within the logics of the film. I analyze three sets of encounters between Carol and individuals or communities that the film marks in opposition or in alignment with her, sometimes interchangeably: the Skrulls, alien shapeshifters who are mistaken for terrorists but revealed to be refugees; Carol's human advocates: her friend, Maria, and colleague, Agent Fury; and the Supreme Intelligence, a deceptive A.I. designed by the Kree, an imperialist alien race determined to control Carol and her powers. Ultimately, I conclude that Captain Marvel's themes of individual empowerment and heroism operate as symbolic of a contemporary feminism that reinforces the familiar narrative that a white woman's oppression and subsequent rebellion can stand in for the human experience, broadly writ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the observation that the notion of "multiple geographies" has gained considerable traction in geographical research in the past years while its theoretical foundations have often remained abstract, in this paper we contribute toward elaboration of multiple geographies as a research perspective, recognizing its potential as a valuable framework for analyzing divergent spatial relations. Initially, we provide an overview of the diverse applications of multiple geographies through a review of relevant literature, focusing on papers within the realms of political geographies that mention the term in their title or abstract. Subsequently, we categorize these papers thematically, identifying three main theoretical strains: post‐colonial geographies, uneven geographical development, and feminist geographies. We then propose a theoretical scaffold for navigating the complexities of multiple geographies by engaging with broader discussions on plurality and multiplicity in relation to the aforementioned strains. Finally, we synthesize the insights garnered from this analysis, exploring the potential of a multiple geographies research perspective to contribute to a nuanced understanding of the diverse ways in which space is produced and experienced. Our contribution aims to enrich ongoing debates within human geography on how space can be redefined in more relational, decolonial, socially just, feminist, and diverse ways, opening pathways for pluralistic geographical imaginations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the complex interplay of genetic and environmental interactions that shape chronic illness risk. Evidence is mounting for the role of genetic expression and the immune response in the pathogenesis of chronic disease. In the Rio Grande Valley of south Texas, where 90% of the population is Mexican American, chronic illnesses (including obesity, diabetes, nonalcoholic liver disease, and depression) are reaching epidemic proportions. This study leverages an ongoing family study of the genetic determinants of risk for obesity, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and depression in a Mexican American population. Data collected included blood pressure, BMI, hepatic transaminases, HbA1c, depression (BDI-II), acculturation/marginalization (ARSMA-II), and liver health as assessed by elastography. Heritability and genotype-by-environment (G×E) interactions were analyzed, focusing on the marginalization/separation measure of the ARSMA-II. Significant heritabilities were found for traits such as HbA1c (h2 = 0.52), marginalization (h2 = 0.30), AST (h2 = 0.25), ALT (h2 = 0.41), and BMI (h2 = 0.55). Genotype-by-environment interactions were significant for HbA1c, AST/ALT ratio, BDI-II, and CAP, indicating that genetic factors interact with marginalization to influence these traits. This study found that acculturation stress exacerbates the genetic response to chronic illness. These findings underscore the importance of considering G×E interactions in understanding disease susceptibility and may inform targeted interventions for at-risk populations. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying molecular pathways and replicate these findings in diverse populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has had both short- and long-term impacts on the institution of schooling, as well as on teachers and students who experienced it. While much has been learned about the impact of the pandemic, including in physical education, less is known about how physical education teachers navigated the sociopolitical realities of their work as they were socialized through the pandemic. Adopting occupational socialization theory, the purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of Midwestern US physical educators during the COVID-19 pandemic and the lasting implications for their careers. Participants were 30 in-service physical education teachers (20 female and 10 male) from one state in the US Midwest who each participated in a semi-structured interview. Semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded and analyzed using a multiphase collaborative qualitative analysis method grounded in analytic induction and deduction and focused on thematic development. Data analysis resulted in four themes: (a) changing instructional modalities was challenging but prompted creativity and growth; (b) resources were scarce, and marginalization was intensified through the pandemic; (c) recognizing and responding to changes in teacher and student health; and (d) stressors associated with COVID-19 may influence teachers' career trajectories. This study not only adds to the literature related to COVID-19 but also is important for understanding how the schools' culture changes through times of crisis. It is likely that other local, regional, national, or international events will cause disruptions in teachers' work and the nature of student learning in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our overarching theme for Creative Nursing Volume 30 is The Impact of Social Forces on Nursing and Health. The theme of this current journal issue was originally called Social Violence. In planning this issue, our Editorial Board had to confront head-on the many ways in which overt violence or the threat of violence pervades our lives, as nurses and as individuals. We broadened the title to Consequences and Disruptive Solutions for Social Violence, choosing to focus on what we can do to recognize the interlocking processes that enable, promote, reward, and sustain violent behavior, and to mitigate those effects when and where we can. The sobering content in this issue is the business of each of us. The realities of domestic violence and gun violence, the impact of othering and marginalization, the effects of substance use on family members and of students' experiences of trauma on the school nurses who care for them, and the lethal legacy of unthinking adherence to policies and procedures that is still relevant today—Awareness of this part of our lives and of our practice is where we must start. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we reflect on the existing literacy achievement gap in the United States, the interconnected variables that contribute to this social justice issue, and the history of the federal government's response to this problem. We offer one part of a potential social justice solution to this deeply rooted and complex educational problem: a response shaped by the evidence-based methodology of Direct Instruction Reading. After contextualizing the literacy achievement gap, we detail the history of Direct Instruction efficacy, highlight key components of the methodology, and briefly summarize decades worth of research that demonstrate its consistent ability to increase marginalized students' access to quality reading instruction. Together, these illustrate the potential for transforming student outcomes as one part of a solution for the injustice of the literacy achievement gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jazz and improvisation have typically been associated with ideals of freedom and liberty; however, in practice these genres are known to be constrained by entrenched patterns of male domination and gender discrimination. Despite a large number of qualitative accounts evidencing persistent sexism and gender exclusion in the field, there exists a lack of empirical data to assess the scale of this phenomenon and substantiate smaller-scale research on gender inequality. In this paper, we employ boundary theory to report on a quantitative investigation of gender marginalization in jazz and improvisation in the Australian context, positioning gender as a symbolic boundary resulting in the social exclusion and marginalization of gender diverse individuals and women. An anonymous survey (n=124) was run over a period of five months, to explore the beliefs, attitudes, and experiences concerning gender, of people participating in Australian jazz and improvisation. A means comparison found that gender was a statistically significant indicator (p ≤0.05) on almost all measures, with gender diverse respondents significantly more likely to report the effects of marginalization than their (cisgender) counterparts. Additionally, the results indicated contrasting forms of musical engagement and marginalization across gender groups, with women perceiving exclusion to a lesser extent than gender diverse practitioners, and differing in their opinions regarding work opportunities. Lastly, a widespread but historically unspoken awareness of sexual harassment in the Australian jazz and improvisation industry was reported by all genders. This paper concludes with three recommendations for future research, policy and practice: 1. Specific targeted strategies are needed to address the manifold and complex forms of marginalization experienced by gender diverse people; 2. Heightened institutional visibility for marginalized groups is needed to change gendered narratives and highlight awareness of inequities; and 3. Enhanced safety measures are critically needed to address sexual harassment throughout the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer (LGBTQ+) people are experiencing increasingly varied visibility on social media due to ongoing digitalization. In this paper, I draw on social epistemology and phenomenological accounts of the digital (Frost-Arnold in: Lackey (ed) The epistemic dangers of context collapse online, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2021; Krueger and Osler in Philos Topics 47(2):205–231, 2019; Hine in: Ethnography for the internet: embedded, embodied and everyday, Bloomsbury, London, 2015), and argue that, for LGBTQ+ individuals, social media provides a space for connecting with people with shared lived experiences. This, in turn, makes it possible for social media to enable feelings of belonging. By interacting with other LGBTQ+ people online, LGBTQ+ individuals are enabled to imagine their own being in the world and to feel like they belong. This is especially important when we consider that, for LGBTQ+ identities, it may be more complicated to feel connected due to marginalization and (fear of) discrimination. This paper not only draws on literature from phenomenology and social epistemology on the digital, but also presents and analyzes interviews that were conducted in order to explore the social media experiences of LGBTQ+ people through a phenomenology and social epistemology informed framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]