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The aim of this paper is to determine the possible origin of the stone used for the construction in five cultural heritage buildings dating from the different historical epochs in Lumbarda, on the island of Korčula, Croatia. Micropetrographic determination of limestone samples taken from the Roman Villae Rusticae, the old apse of St Križ Church, the Venetian Tower, the Bishop’s Summer House and St Barbara Church, was done. For comparison, micropetrographic analysis on the rock samples taken from two abandoned quarries near Lumbarda: the Brendana Quarry in Lumbarda and Gornja Špilja Quarry at Sutvara islet, was also made. After comparison of their petrographic characteristics, it was concluded that the stone for construction of the Roman Villae Rusticae and St Križ Church was quarried in Brendana Quarry, while for the other three investigated buildings the material was quarried on Sutvara islet in Gornja Špilja Quarry.Accordingly, petrographic analysis proved to be useful tool for determination of the origin of stone and useful for restoration purposes.

EuroLithos is a GEOERA research project on European Ornamental Stone Resources in Europe. Although ornamental stone is today an important raw material produced all over Europe, its use locally and regionally is decreasing, along with related knowledge, traditions and skills. EuroLithos was founded upon the premise that increased knowledge of the geological quality and historical use of natural stone in Europe can stimulate more sustainable use of this resource. EuroLithos will in turn benefit enterprise, promote cultural heritage, and contribute to developing effective and environmentally sound land-use practices. The EuroLithos consortium is composed of 16 partners from 14 countries, collectively forming a strong and innovative research group. The Geological Survey of Norway (NGU, Norway) is a Project Lead, and the Croatian Geological Survey (HGI-CGS, Croatia) is one of the WP Leads, beside Laboratorio Nacional de Energia e Geologia (LNEG, Portugal) and Hellenic Survey of Geology and Mineral Exploration (H.S.G.M.E., Greece). The Work Packages of the EuroLithos project include Project management (WP1, lead NGU), Dissemination, communication and stakeholders (WP2, lead NGU), Atlas of European ornamental stones (WP3, lead LNEG), Directory of ornamental stone properties (WP4, lead H.S.G.M.E.), Ornamental stone heritage (WP5, lead HGI-CGS) and link to Ornamental stone information platform (WP6, lead NGU). EuroLithos challenges include increasing replacement of traditional stone materials with “cheapest on the market”, decreasing competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), reduction of cultural heritage values and increasing environmental footprints. EuroLithos concept include raising awareness and knowledge of the diversity of European ornamental stone resources, their importance to our landscapes and architecture, their quality and the environmental benefit of “short-travelled” resources. EuroLithos impact include improving cross-European knowledge sharing, improving tools for making good and sustainable choice of stone to construction projects and better competitive regime for European SMEs. The main objective of the Work Package 5 in which lead beneficiary is HGI-CGS, is to establish tools that can facilitate and aid the process of valorisation of stone resources. We believe that such tools will contribute to better maintenance of stone-built heritage, better conditions for SMEs and better protection of stone resources in land-use planning. The tools will address three aspects of stone heritage ; the intrinsic value of stone quarries and quarry landscapes, the value of stones from their use in stone-built heritage, and the traditional crafts. This Project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 731166.

The Pazin cave was formed within the succession of the upper Cenomanian limestones (NW part of the former Adriatic Carbonate Platform - Milna Formation). The cave is passable to the southeastern part of the Martel Lake (sampling site) and represents a typical "Dinaric" fault zone (northwest-southeast, the average measured discontinuities 55/50). During the cave investigation a sediment sample of clayey silt was further investigated to get insight into the mineralogical composition. A standard light and heavy mineral analysis was performed using sodium polytungstate (SPT ; ϱ= 2.8 g/cm3) to separate the heavy and light mineral fractions. Analysis was performed by determination of 250-300 grains per sample using the ribbon counting method according to MANGE & MAURER (1992). In the light mineral fraction quartz grains predominate, while feldspar, especially plagioclase grains with typical polysynthetic lamellae, and chert grains are present in similar amounts. Mica is present in small quantities, as well. The sample contains 3.9 % of the heavy mineral fraction among which transparent heavy minerals predominate. Opaque minerals are also present. Among the heavy mineral fraction pyroxene grains prevail, mostly clinopyroxenes, with typical prismatic habitus and “hacksaw” cleavage. Some needle-like pyroxene grains are present, too. Pink garnets and some unknown blue glass-like fragments are also abundant in the sample. Rutile, tourmaline, staurolite, amphibole, epidote, and kyanite are present in a negligible amount. The uncommon blue grains detected in the sample show glassy to metallic lustre on thicker grains, conchoidal fracture and a high relief. The interference figure is excellent showing an uniaxial positive pattern. Since such mineral grains are very uncommon in cave sediments or any other sediment in the area, SEM-EDS analysis (JEOL Multi-Purpose scanning microscope (JSM-35) and INCAx-act Oxford Instruments detector) was applied to determine in more detailed the present mineral and to confirm the composition of the cave sediment. SEM image revealed that the blue glass-like fragments show flat surface, without cracks. Nevertheless, some grains show traces probably of mechanical disturbances (scrap marks). EDS spectra showed only two elements ; Si and C. Based on all optical mineralogical properties and confirmed by the EDS spectra it was concluded that it is very likely moissanite (SiC). Beside SiC, EDS spectra distinguished Ca, Mg and Fe peaks for some grains confirming the presence of clinopyroxenes (diopside- hedenbergite series?). Opaque minerals are mostly Fe-oxides and Fe, Mn-oxides (Fe-Mn nodules often found in cave sediments and Quaternary palaeosols and soils – unpublished data). Corundum (Fe-Al-oxides, Fe-Ti-oxides and Al-oxides) and barite were also detected in the investigated cave sediment. Moissanite is very rarely found in sedimentary archives especially in Croatia. Synthetic SiC is produced at high-temperatures (up to 2500°C) and under extremely reducing conditions and is often used as a replacement for diamonds due to its hardness. Furthermore, detected Al-, Fe, Al- and Fe, Ti-oxides in the sample are also most widely used as abrasives due to their hardness. The detected moissanite is probably synthetic and originated or resulted from industrial activity in the area. It is clear that the found grains in the cave sediment of Pazin cave are a result of pollution. Intensive contamination of the Pazin cave is an actual problem since the cave is located on a densely populated area, near the quarries and factories.

Detailed cathodoluminescence (CL) and back scattered electron (BSE) imaging of zircon crystals, coupled with in-situ U-Pb zircon dating by Laser Ablation Multi-Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) were used to develop new insights into the evolution of a monzogranite from Omanovac Quarry (Psunj Mt.), and of monzogranites from Šandrovac Quarry and Kišeljevac Creek (Papuk Mt.), both located in the Slavonian Mountains (Croatia).U-Pb isotopic data yielded a concordia age of 380 ± 4 Ma for the monzogranite from Omanovac Quarry, and 382 ± 2 Ma and 383 ± 5 Ma for monzogranites from Šandrovac Quarry and Kišeljevac Creek. The results suggest Late Devonian magmatic activity.

Rak je bolezen sodobnega časa, zato je velikega pomena, da ga zgodaj odkrijemo in zdravimo. Prav tako poskušajo čim prej odkriti spremljajoče bolezni, med katere spada tudi zelo nevarna globoka venska tromboza. Za uspešno prepoznavanje tromboze morajo vsi izvajalci, ki delujejo ob bolnikih, poznati vzroke za nastanek, dejavnike tveganja, klinično sliko, kako bolezen diagnostricirajo, potrebne preiskave, vrste zdravljenja. Trombozo morajo znati ločiti od drugih bolezenskih dogajanj, poznati morajo komplikacije. Delovati morajo na preprečevanju venske tromboze. Dokazano je, da rakasta obolenja spremenijo delovanje fibrinolitičnega sistema, prav tako citostatiki povečajo nagnjenost k strjevanju krvi. Bolniki z rakom imajo štirikrat večje tveganje za nastanek venske tromboze in zdravljenje je veliko bolj tvegano zaradi večjenagnjenosti h krvavitvam. Zelo pomembno je delo izvajalcev zdravstvene nege pri bolnikih z vensko trombozo. Pravilno delovanje zdravstvene nege vpliva tako na prepoznavanje venske tromboze kot na zdravljenje, ko je ta že diagnosticirana. Zdravstveno nego izvajamo po procesni metodi dela, s katero postavljamo diagnoze, izvajanje, vrednotenje in cilje zdravstvene nege. V prispevku je predstavljena študija primera.

The Miocene deposits of the Hrvatska Kostajnica (KOS-I) area belong to the south-western marginal part of the Pannonian Basin System (PBS). Investigation of the lithostratigraphical column included: mineralogical, geochemical, sedimentological and integrated palaeontological (calcareous nannofossil, foraminifers, ostracodes, palynomorphs) analyses. Badenian and Sarmatian sediments of this column were deposited in a marine offshore environment with local input of terrigenous material represented by marls and silty marls. Based on palaeontological data, the recorded palaeoclimate was subtropical in the late Badenian changing to a warm temperate climate of the early Sarmatian. Marly sediments predominantly consist of carbonate (calcite and aragonite) and clay minerals, while quartz and plagioclase are less abundant. Most samples contain a small amount of zeolite minerals from the clinoptilolite/heulandite series. Among the clay minerals, smectite and illite/muscovite are the most abundant. Based on provenance analyses we concluded that the Badenian-Sarmatian marls were predominantly formed by the weathering of acidic (Si-rich) source rock derived material from the neighbouring Inner Dinarides.

Ovaj diplomski rad opisuje bioetiku, moralnu prosudbu eutanazije te kroz navedene pojmove ističe „kvalitetu pacijentova života“ i „svetost života“ kao Božjeg dara. Opisuju se prava pacijenta i liječnički čin na koji utječu dva srodna načela Hipokratove zakletve. U bioetičkim aspektima skrbi za umiruće opisuje se važnost palijativne skrbi, te pojam i vrste eutanazije. Postoji nekoliko zakonskih propisa koji se odnose na terminalnu fazu života u nekoliko zemalja, kao i u Hrvatskoj, uz opis argumenata za i protiv eutanazije. Opisuje se eutanazija u dječjoj dobi, stajališta, zakonski propisi koji se odnose na teško bolesnu djecu, kao i isticanje vrijednosti ljudskog života u smislu dostojanstvenog života u terminalnoj fazi. Važnost dostojanstvenog života u terminalnoj fazi za djecu s malignom bolešću ima palijativna skrb, a koja se ističe u deklaraciji o pravima djeteta. Opisuju se čimbenici pedijatrijske palijativne skrbi i utemeljenje prvog hospicija za djecu, kao i legalnost i moralnost eutanazije koja je predmet raznih suvremenih bioetičkih i političkih rasprava i govora. Eutanazija u dječjoj dobi kontroverzno je područje, složen problem i etički je neprihvatljiva, te kao alternativu treba uvijek koristiti palijativnu skrb u svim fazama terminalne bolesti u cilju osiguranja holističkog pristupa skrbi društva prema djeci.

Kroz povijest, ljudi su se stalno selili s jednog mjesta na drugo iz raznoraznih razloga. U tim migracijama pojedinci sa sobom nose svoje stvari, ali i svoja uvjerenja, (kulturne) prakse. Identitet se u sociologiji može promatrati kao rezultat dugotrajne primarne i sekundarne socijalizacije, dok kulturni identitet možemo promatrati kroz narječje, običaje, tradiciju, jezik, vrednote, religiju i politička uvjerenja stanovnika nekog kraja. Nematerijalna kulturna baština postaje predmetom većeg broja istraživanja od 2005. godine, a ona obuhvaća društvene prakse, obrede i svetkovine nekog kraja. Željeli smo stoga u ovome radu istražiti kulturni identitet zagrebačkih Međimuraca, odnosno istražiti koliko u Zagrebu drže do lokalnih običaja i tradicije, pogotovo s obzirom na malu udaljenost ovih dvaju područja. Kako do sada nije bilo sličnih istraživanja, ovo smo istraživanje organizirali u dva dijela. U prvom, kvantitativnom dijelu istraživanja osmislili smo anketni upitnik koji se sastojao od pet dijelova i propitivao je ispitanike o održavanju tradicionalnih kulturnih praksi. Općenito govoreći, zagrebački Međimurci rijetko konzumiraju tradicionalnu međimursku hranu, uglavnom ne prakticiraju običaje, ali su zato upoznati s mnogo međimurskih izvođača ili pjesama, koje uglavnom ne slušaju ili slušaju nekoliko puta godišnje. U drugom, kvalitativnom dijelu istraživanja željeli smo dublje zaviriti u okolnosti održavanja nekih običaja te smo uvidjeli da zagrebački Međimurci često manifestaciju Međimursko prošćenje doživljavaju običajem, a da Zagrepčani pozitivno gledaju na „vrijedne“ Međimurce i njihove običaje. Throughout the history, people were always moving from one place to another for various reasons. In those migrations a person did not just bring his stuff with, but also their beliefs, (cultural) practices. In sociology, identity can be seen as a result od long term primary and secondary socialization, while cultural identity can be seen through dialect, customs, tradition, language, values, religion and political beliefs of residents in a certain area. Intangible cultural heritage became a research subject in year 2005., and it consist of social practices, ritual and celebrations in a certain area. In this paper, we wanted to see into cultural identity of Zagreb residents from Međimurje, that is, we wanted to see do they maintain their customs and tradition, considering that Međimurje and Zagreb are relatively close. Since there weren’t any similar until now, we organized this one in two parts. In first, quantitative part we made five-part questionnaire that consisted of questions about tradition and cultural practices. Generally speaking, Zagreb residents from Međimurje rarely consume traditional food from Međimurje county, they mostly do not practice customs, but they are familiar with lots of singers and songs from Međimurje county which they usually don’t listen to or listen a couple time in a year. In second, quantitative part of the research we wanted to look deeper into circumstances of keeping some customs. We discovered that Zagreb residents from Međimurje often see manifestation Međimursko prošćenje as a custom and also that Zagreb residents see positively on a hardworking people from Međimurje county and their customs.

Crkva sv. Jeronima u Štrigovi gradi se od 1738. do 1749. godine na temeljima prošle, petnaestostoljetne crkve koju je dao izgraditi Fridrich Celjski vjerujući da je Štrigova rodno mjesto velikog crkvenog oca sv. Jeronima. Njezino troapsidalno svetište rijetko je arhitektonsko rješenje kasnobarokne arhitekture u Hrvatskoj, a tri od šest takvih crkava izgradili su pavlini. Oni dolaze u Međimurje vrlo brzo, već 1376. godine, a tristotinjak godina kasnije dolaze i u Štrigovu gdje je snažan kult sv. Jeronima. Nakon potresa 1738. godine pavlini su odmah prionuli obnovi i povećanju crkva sv. Jeronima, a svetište crkve oslikava Ivan Krstitelj Ranger. Crkva je jednobrodna, longitudinalna građevna s trolisnim svetištem i kupolom nad visokim tamburom. Pročelje joj je usko, zabatno zaključeno i flankirano zvonicima. Arhitekt ove crkve je nepoznat, a crkva se može usporediti s troapsidalnom crkvom Majke Božje Koruške u Križevcima i crkvom Maria Trost u Grazu, koje su također izgrađene u prvoj polovici XVIII. stoljeća, ali nešto prije od štrigovske pa se mogu nametnuti kao njen uzor, iako postoje zapisi da je i štrigovska crkva iz XV. stoljeća bila troapsidalnog zaključka. Mnoge pavlinske crkve u XVIII. stoljeću dobivaju novo pročelje, po uzoru na pročelje crkve matičnog samostana sv. Marije u Lepoglavi, no pročelje štrigovske crkve se od njega razlikuje po svemu osim po tome što je kulisno, usko i ima volute u bočnim višim dijelovima. Crkva sv. Jeronima u Štrigovi stavljena je kontekst s ostalim troapsidalnim pavlinskim crkvama, ali i nekim pavlinskim kasnobaroknim crkvama. Church of saint Jerome in Štrigova is built from ear 1738. to 1749. on the foundations of the church that was on the same place in the 15th century that was built by Fridrich Celjski who believed that Štrigova was the birth place of the great church father saint Jerome. Its three-apsed sanctuary is rare architectural solution of a late baroque architecture in Croatia and three of six churches built that way were Paulines. They came to Međimurje very quickly, in the year 1376., and around three hundred years later they came to Štrigova where is cult of saint Jerome strong. After the earthquake in the 1738., Pauline monks started rebuilding the church of saint Jerome straight away, and Ivan Krstitelj Ranger paints the churches sanctuary. Church was longitudinal, one naved building with three apsed sanctuary and dome over tall tambour. Its façade is narrow, gabled concluded and flanked with the steeples. Architect of this church is unknown, and church can be compared with the three apsed church od Majka Božja Koruška in Križevci and with the Maria Trost church in Graz which are also built in the first half of the 18th century, but they were built slightly before the one in Štrigova so they can be seen as hers model, although there are writings that Štrigova church had three apses in the 15th century. A lot of Pauline churches got a new façade in the 18th century, and the model for them is façade of the main monastery of saint Mary in Lepoglava, but the only thing in common with this and façade of church in Štrigova is that they are both narrow and false. Church of saint Jerome in Štrigova is put in context with other three apsed Pauline churches, but also with some Pauline late baroque churches.

Pannonian Basin, being part of the Carpathian-Pannonian Region (CPR, Alpine–Carpathian–Dinaridic orogenic system ; HANDY et al., 2014), represents a “back-arc” basin formed due to Oligocene–Miocene subduction roll-back in the Carpathians and Dinarides (HORVÁTH et al., 2015 ; BALÁZS et al., 2016 ; van GELDER, 2017). Valuable information concerning the North Croatian Basin (NCB ; PAVELIĆ & KOVAČIĆ, 2018) syn-rift evolution, interpreted to have developed due to Early–Middle Miocene extension in the SW margin of the Pannonian Basin, are archived in Mts. Kalnik and Požeška gora Lower–Middle Miocene pyroclastic and sedimentary rocks. However, no state-of-the-art multi-proxy approach has been applied so far on the most promising localities (Croatian Geological Survey data) in order to resolve many crucial local and regional open questions and refine currently available reconstructions. Complex post-collisional (SEGHEDI & DOWNES, 2011) tectonic processes (e.g., core-complex and wide-rift types of extension) in the CPR generated, together with evolution of magmas in the crustal environment, Lower Miocene to Recent magmatic rocks of highly diverse composition. Magmatic activity shows a distinct migration in time from west to east (PÉCSKAY et al., 2006 ; SEGHEDI & DOWNES, 2011). The most complex and abundant group of CPR magmatic rocks is the calc-alkaline group (SEGHEDI & DOWNES, 2011 ; LUKÁCS et al., 2018), with LUKÁCS et al. (2018) constraining the lasting (as well as petrogenesis and geodynamic setting) of large silicic volcanic activity recorded as Bükalja Volcanic Field (BVF, Hungary) silicic pyroclastics from 18.2 to 14.4 Ma. Calc-alkaline magmatic activity (20–16 Ma) associated with core-complex formation related to Pannonian Basin extension is recorded in the Vardar Zone (Internal Dinarides ; SEGHEDI & DOWNES, 2011 ; SCHEFER et al., 2011 ; ANDRIĆ et al., 2018). Early–Middle Miocene volcanic activity was also recorded in the NCB in the form of volcanics and pyroclastics occurring intercalated with penecontemporaneous alluvial, lacustrine and marine sediments (PAMIĆ et al., 1995 ; PAMIĆ, 1997 ; PAMIĆ & BALEN, 2001a, b ; MANDIĆ et al., 2012 ; MARKOVIĆ, 2017). Mt. Kalnik pyroclastics were dated (Ar/Ar) at 18.07 ± 0.07 Ma (Early Miocene, ~ Eggenburgian/Ottnangian transition) by MANDIĆ et al. (2012), constraining the timing of the initial rifting tectonics of the NCB (since they occur intercalated with alluvial sediments representing the base of NCB continental serie). TIBLJAŠ et al. (2002) and MANDIĆ et al. (2012) correlated Mt. Kalnik pyroclastics with Upper Oligocene–Lower Miocene (Egerian–Eggenburgian) andesites and dacites, as well as pyroclastics, outcropping in north Croatia (Hrvatsko Zagorje Basin-HZB, AVANIĆ, 2012). HZB volcanic rocks are interpreted to be related to the easternmost part of the PFZ and/or slab breakoff magmatic activity (PALINKAŠ & PAMIĆ, 2001 ; PAMIĆ & BALEN, 2001a, b). However, Periadriatic (PFZ) magmatic rocks sensu stricto of the Alps (as well as magmatic belt within the Western Carpathians north of the Mid Hungarian fault Zone), are represented by Paleogene (mostly Oligocene) plutons with age span of 28–42 Ma (ROSENBERG, 2004 ; NEUBAUER et al., 2018). Geodynamic setting and formation processes of the eastern younger magmatic (intrusive and volcanic) and pyroclastic rocks, ranging from ~ 20–14 Ma and located north and south of PFZ, is unresolved (e.g., Mt. Pohorje magmatism ; FODOR et al., 2008 ; NEUBAUER et al., 2018). The most reliable age ascription of Middle Miocene (Badenian) pyroclastics intercalated with NCB lacustrine and marine deposits is given by MANDIĆ et al. (2012) and MARKOVIĆ (2017). This age ascription is based on high-precision Ar/Ar dating of sanidine. Age span of intermediate to acid pyroclastics provided by these authors, occurring in several NCB localities, is 16.03–14.40 Ma. Mt. Papuk Nježić locality (14.40 ± 0.03 Ma) and Mt. Medvednica Čučerje locality (14.81 ± 0.08 Ma) have been related (LUKÁCS et al., 2018) to CPR BVF Harsány and Demjén ignimbrites, respectively. In order to make reliable tephrochronological and volcanic provenance (as well as petrogenetic and geodynamic setting) reconstructions of Mts. Kalnik and Požeška gora (intercalated with Lower–Middle Miocene marine deposits) pyroclastics, state-of-the-art volcanological, petrological, high-precision geochronological (EARTHTIME initiative), geochemical and isotopic analysis are being conducted. Such high-resolution data will also provide an absolute age constraint of NCB syn-rift evolution and biostratigraphy, as well as add valuable new data for more comprehensive understanding of the regional (i.e., CPR-related) magmatic and geodynamic evolution (and their mutual relationship).

Kranjski ljiljan (Lilium carniolicum Bernh. ex Koch) je trajna zeljasta biljka iz porodice ljiljana (Liliaceae). Raste na livadama i rubovima šuma i planinskih područja istočnih alpa: od Italije do Bosne. Zbog ljepote cvjetova (perigon) u Sloveniji je zakonom zaštićena već od 1947 godine. U Crvenoj knjizi vaskularne flore Republike Hrvatske vodi se u kategoriji osjetljivih (VU) biljaka te je zaštićena vrsta. Zbog velikog potencijala kranjskog ljiljana cilj je bio napraviti model potencijalnog rasprostranjenja s obzirom na ekološke čimbenike na području Hrvatske. Područje istraživanja su gorska i planinska područja Hrvatske, a model je napravljen metodom maksimalne entropije koja se pokazala pouzdanom u usporedbi s drugim metodama ekološkog modeliranja. Podaci o rasprostranjenosti kranjskog ljiljana preuzeti su iz baze podataka Flora Croatica (FCD), dok su klimatske podloge u obliku rasterskih slojeva preuzete iz WorldClim baze podataka koje su usklađene na istu rezoluciju, veličinu i WGS86 (World Geodetic System) koordinatni referentni sustav (CRS). Model je napravljen na temelju 12 klimatskih varijabli koje su prikazane u rasterskom obliku s vrijednostima piksela u rezoluciji 1x1 km. Svakoj točki prisutnosti vrste pridružena je vrijednost piksela svake klimatske varijable. Rezultati pokazuju da varijabla Bio18 (oborine najtoplijeg kvartala) ima statistički značajno najveći utjecaj na pogodnost staništa kranjskog ljiljana s 32,2%., Carniolan lily (Lilium carniolicum Bernh. ex Koch) is a perennial herbaceous plant from the Liliaceae family, growing on the meadows and edges of forests and mountainous areas of the eastern alps: from Italy to Bosnia. Because of its beauty habitus and flowers it is often threatened and has been protected in Slovenia since 1947. In the Flora Croatica Red Book it is managed in the category of vunerable (VU) plants. Due to its great potential of Carniolan lily, the aim was to make a model of potential distribution with regard to ecological factors in Croatia. The field research was the mountain regions of Croatia and the model was done by the method of maximum entropy which proved to be reliable compared to other ecological modeling methods. The data of the distribution of Carniolan lily are taken from the Flora Croatica Database (FCD), while climatic layers in the form of raster are used from WorldClim databases, which are aligned to the same resolution, size and WGS86 (World Geodetic System) coordinate reference system (CRS). The model is based on 12 climate variables that are shown in raster form with pixel values at a resolution of 1x1 km. Each pixel point of the species is associated with the pixel value of each climatic variable. The results show that the variable Bio18 (percipitation of warmest quarter) has statistically significant influence on habitat suitability of Carniolan lily with 32.2%.

Kranjski ljiljan (Lilium carniolicum Bernh. ex Koch) je trajna zeljasta biljka iz porodice ljiljana (Liliaceae). Raste na livadama i rubovima šuma i planinskih područja istočnih alpa: od Italije do Bosne. Zbog ljepote cvjetova (perigon) u Sloveniji je zakonom zaštićena već od 1947 godine. U Crvenoj knjizi vaskularne flore Republike Hrvatske vodi se u kategoriji osjetljivih (VU) biljaka te je zaštićena vrsta. Zbog velikog potencijala kranjskog ljiljana cilj je bio napraviti model potencijalnog rasprostranjenja s obzirom na ekološke čimbenike na području Hrvatske. Područje istraživanja su gorska i planinska područja Hrvatske, a model je napravljen metodom maksimalne entropije koja se pokazala pouzdanom u usporedbi s drugim metodama ekološkog modeliranja. Podaci o rasprostranjenosti kranjskog ljiljana preuzeti su iz baze podataka Flora Croatica (FCD), dok su klimatske podloge u obliku rasterskih slojeva preuzete iz WorldClim baze podataka koje su usklađene na istu rezoluciju, veličinu i WGS86 (World Geodetic System) koordinatni referentni sustav (CRS). Model je napravljen na temelju 12 klimatskih varijabli koje su prikazane u rasterskom obliku s vrijednostima piksela u rezoluciji 1x1 km. Svakoj točki prisutnosti vrste pridružena je vrijednost piksela svake klimatske varijable. Rezultati pokazuju da varijabla Bio18 (oborine najtoplijeg kvartala) ima statistički značajno najveći utjecaj na pogodnost staništa kranjskog ljiljana s 32,2%.

Televizijske vijesti još uvijek predstavljaju glavni izvor informiranja za mnoge građane. Kroz desetljeća postojanja, novinarske prakse su doživjele određene promjene, pa tako i uloga televizijskog novinara. Zahvaćeni valom dramatizacije i trivijalizacije, koji nadjačava javni interes, novinari napuštaju svoju ulogu pukog prenošenja informacije i u sve većoj mjeri usvajaju interpretativnu novinarsku praksu. Postaju središte priče, te umjesto golih činjenica publici nude objašnjenje i svoj pogled na situaciju ili događaj. Interpretativno novinarstvo pokazalo se kao iznimno široki pojam. U medijskoj struci još uvijek nema jasnu odredbu kao pozitivna ili negativna pojava. Interpretativno novinarstvo proizašlo je iz narativnosti, odnosno 'pričanja' novinarske priče na gledatelju lako razumljiv način. No, pretjerivanje i pojednostavljivanje dovelo je do interpretacije u kojoj više nije najvažnije što se dogodilo i zašto nego prevladava novinarska interpretacija događaja. Pojedini autori interpretaciju smatraju nužnom, korisnom i analitičkim pristupom u svijetu prezasićenom informacijama. Kritičari je s druge strane prozivaju zbog subjektivnosti i vođenosti novinarom, umjesto informacijom. U radu je provedena studija slučaja analize korištenja interpretativnih novinarskih praksi prilikom izvještavanja o aferi 'Hotmail' u središnjim informativnim emisijama javnog servisa Hrvatske radiotelevizije i komercijalne televizije Nova TV. Analiza je provedena prema interpretativnim kriterijima dekontekstualizacije autora Ekstörm (2001) i Eriksson (2011). Utvrđeno je dominantno korištenje interpretativne forme izvještaja s prevladavajućim novinarskim tekstom (off-om) i kratkim tonskim isječcima sugovornika (sound-bite) koji su odmaknuti od izvornog konteksta i smješteni u novi kontekst koji postavlja novinar. Informacije prezentirane u televizijskim prilozima obje informativne emisije umjesto na sam događaj fokusiraju se na mišljenja, izjave i ponašanja aktera. Analizom je utvrđeno kako su se interpretativne prakse primijenjene prilikom izvještavanja o aferi 'Hotmail' odmaknule od korisne uloge interpretacije radi gledateljevog lakšeg razumijevanja informacija prema zloupotrebi samog pristupa odnosno novinarskoj manipulaciji i nametanju zaključaka i mišljenja., Television News still represent a main source of information for a number of citizens. After several decades journalism and journalistic practices have overcome some changes, and so has the role of television journalists. Being caught in a wave of dramatisation and trivialisation that overpowers the value of public interest, journalists have cast aside their role of pure channeling of information and adopted a more interpretative practice. Journalists are becoming the centre of a story offering explanations and their perspective of a situation or an event. Interpretative journalism has shown to be a very broad concept in the media literature. It has not been unanimously defined as a positive or a negative approach. Interpretation is an extension of a narrative approach in which the narrator tells a story in an easy comprehensive way. Exaggeration and oversimplification of narration has led to the point in which the focus of the story is not what happened and why, but how does a journalist interpret it. Some scholars define interpretation as a necessary approach, offering better understanding of a complicated world, while the critics depict it as overly subjective and led dominantly by the journalist. The paper focuses on a case study analysing journalistic techniques used by journalists while reporting about 'Hotmail' affair. The study includes six shows on two Television News shows, one on Croatian national television HRT, and the Commercial television Nova TV. The analysis is conducted by using techniques identified by two scholars Ekstörm (2001) and Eriksson (2011). The analysis results show a constant use of an interpretative television package form with short soundbites and journalistic intervention. The sound bites are decontextualised and then later recontextualised in a way chosen by the journalists. The information offered in both Television News shows focuses on reactions, opinions, and the behaviour of the story characters, instead of focusing on the facts. The paper shows that the interpretative journalistic practices employed while reporting about the 'Hotmail' affair have sliped away from explaining and helping the public understand the information to a much more subjective, manipulative, imposing approach.

Ovisnost o fosilnim gorivima stvorila je nesiguran sustav koji prijeti zdravlju ljudi, ugrožava stabilnost Zemljine klime i lišava buduće generacije čistog zraka, pitke vode i energetske neovisnosti. Tranzicija sa neodrživog energetskog sustava baziranog na fosilnim gorivima ka sustavu pokretanom lokalno dostupnim i isplativim obnovljivim izvorima energije već je u tijeku diljem svijeta. Ta je tranzicija u narednim godinama spremna poboljšati kvalitetu života milijunima ljudi, smanjiti emisije štetnih stakleničkih plinova i izgraditi svijet naklonjen sadašnjim i budućim generacijama. Our dependence upon fossil resources has built a system that lacks diversity and security, threatens the health of our citizens, jeopardizes the stability of the earth’s climate, and robs future generations of clean air, clean water, and energy independence. A transition is underway around the world: away from an energy system powered by increasingly expensive and unsustainable fossil fuel resources toward one powered fully by abundant, local, and affordable renewable energy sources. In the years ahead, this transition is poised to improve the quality of life for millions, reduce harmful greenhouse gas emissions, and help forge a world that is more just toward both current and future generations.

The interfacial transition zone (ITZ) in concrete is the region of the cement paste that is disturbed by the presence of an aggregate or fiber. This work focuses on the ITZ around silica and dolomite grains and steel fibers. The analysis performed is based on: the macroscale properties of the specimens; petrographic analyses with polarized microscopy; and qualitative and quantitative SEM analyses. The following types of concrete were tested: standard quality (SQ); high-quality with steel fibers (PFRC); and ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC). The most important parameters affecting ITZ are the properties of the disturbing elements and the mixture composition of the concrete. In PFRC, a differentiated zone of thickness 20 μm (787.40 μin.) was observed around a dolomite grain, showing a preferential growth of Ca-based compounds. In UHPFRC, SEM-EDS analysis revealed C-S-H of lower Ca/Si ratios in the proximity of fibers and aggregates.

Introduction Aims and objectives: Ascertain a basic understanding of the prevalence of tobacco use and policies in representative municipalities in Macedonia. Methods We conducted a windshield survey of six predefined regions in Macedonia with diverse socio-economic, geographic, and environmental characteristics. Windshield surveys are a qualitative research tool for rapid systematic collection of observational data. A project-specific community-based formative research toolkit was created with a dedicated observation form encompassing demographic, organizational data, community identity, economic elements, and use of tobacco in various socio-cultural settings, and personal perception of researchers. Observations were conducted by teams of two researchers by site: one detecting micro focus data (i.e. looking at particular individual’s actions and characteristics) while the other focused on a broader macro perspective (i.e. larger focus on environment and total big-picture numbers). Results The research has shown that in 6/6 (100%) regions, outdoor smoking was present around public places, immediately outside and surrounding the health and educational facilities, in open balconies of restaurants and cafés, public transportation, and in private vehicles. In 2/6 regions (33.4%), researchers detected smoking indoors (shops and restaurants). No significant differences in smoking habits were observed based on site type (urban/rural) or demographics characteristics (e.g., gender, age, socio-economic status). Tobacco products were readily available in all regions in local markets, grocery shops and newsstands. Although tobacco advertising is forbidden, in one site there was an advertisement in front of a shop. Tobacco products were easily visible in the retail locations. In 5/6 (83.3%) regions, people stated it is very difficult to fight tobacco abuse efficiently. Conclusions In Macedonia, tobacco is cheap, easily accessible, and a part of local cultures. These observations were combined with qualitative interview data to adapt the Certified Tobacco Treatment Specialist program for Macedonian physicians and the associated evaluation tools. Funding This project receiving funding from Global Bridges/Pfizer Independent Grant for Learning and Change European Grant Program.

Ovaj diplomski rad nastoji predstaviti uvid u učinke videoigre Flappy Bird na adolescente, fokusirajući se pritom na to potiče li ona nasilno ponašanje te nastoji odgovoriti na pitanje koliko je ta videoigra bila popularna među adolescentima u Hrvatskoj te po čemu je smatraju posebnom, tj. specifičnom. U tu svrhu provedeno je anketno istraživanje, a isti anketni upitnik proveden je na terenu i putem interneta te su uspoređeni rezultati. Anketni upitnik konstruiran je na način da se prvi dio upitnika odnosio na općenita pitanja o videoigrama gdje je cilj bio doznati koliko adolescenti vremena i pažnje posvećuju igranju videoigara te kakve to učinke ima na njih i njihove vršnjake. Drugi dio upitnika odnosio se isključivo na videoigru Flappy Bird gdje se nastojao dati uvid u upoznatost adolescenata s tom videoigrom, po čemu ju ispitanici smatraju specifičnom te kakve ona učinke ima na njih – prije svega primarno pitanje bilo je potiče li ona nasilno ponašanje ili ovisnost. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da većina adolescenata ne pokazuje veliku sklonost igranju videoigara. Prema rezultatima istraživanja videoigre ne potiču nasilno ponašanje i ne utječu na vrijeme koje ispitanici provode s prijateljima ili na ispunjavanje obaveza. Također, gotovi svi ispitanici upoznati su s Flappy Birdom i igrali su navedenu igru. Prema rezultatima istraživanja na većinu ispitanika ta videoigra nije imala negativan učinak te nije poticala nasilno ponašanje. Kao specifičnost, većina ispitanika istaknula je kako je težina videoigre iritantna te da upravo to potiče ponovno igranje i obaranje rekorda., This graduate thesis aims to present an insight into the effects of the videogame Flappy Bird on the adolescents, focusing on the question if this videogame provides agressive behaviour on adolescentes. One of the main question in this thesis is how much is this videogame popular between adolescents in Croatia and why is it considered as special or specific. To give answers on all these questions, I made survey – one through the Internet as web survey and one field survey in the school – Privatna klasicna gimnazija Zagreb. The both surveys contained the same questions and results of both surveys were compared to see posibble diferences between. The surveys were constructed in two parts . The first part of the questions referred to general situation about popularity of videogames in teenagers life. In this part teenagers needed to answer questions connected with this how many they usually play videogames and if that has an effect on their behaviour in general. The second part of the surveys was referenced on the effect of the videogame Flappy Bird on adolecents trying to get answers how much time teenagers were playing Flappy Bird, what they think about this videogame and if they know about possible effect of this videogame. Also one of the question was if they liked Flappy Bird and if they agree with the fact that Flappy Bird was banned because of negative effect on the people. One of the most important question was connected with the fact if this videogame had negative effect on the adolescents – if they spent more time playing this videogame than spending time with friends or if they had problem with school obligations or parents because of playing Flappy Bird too much. According to results, the most adolescents are not addicted to video games and also they don't show violent behavior because of playing videogames. Research results showed that playing videogames don't affect to their time which they spend with friends or fulfilling their obligations. Also, all the adolescents knew for Flappy Bird and played this videogame, but not that much that it would affect on their behaviour and their habits, or life in general. According to survey results, Flappy Bird didn't have negative effect on adolecentes and also didn't induce violent behavior. As a specific feature, most respondents pointed out that the weight of the videogame is so irritating that it just encourages re-playing and scoring the bigger record.

Ovaj diplomski rad nastoji predstaviti uvid u učinke videoigre Flappy Bird na adolescente, fokusirajući se pritom na to potiče li ona nasilno ponašanje te nastoji odgovoriti na pitanje koliko je ta videoigra bila popularna među adolescentima u Hrvatskoj te po čemu je smatraju posebnom, tj. specifičnom. U tu svrhu provedeno je anketno istraživanje, a isti anketni upitnik proveden je na terenu i putem interneta te su uspoređeni rezultati. Anketni upitnik konstruiran je na način da se prvi dio upitnika odnosio na općenita pitanja o videoigrama gdje je cilj bio doznati koliko adolescenti vremena i pažnje posvećuju igranju videoigara te kakve to učinke ima na njih i njihove vršnjake. Drugi dio upitnika odnosio se isključivo na videoigru Flappy Bird gdje se nastojao dati uvid u upoznatost adolescenata s tom videoigrom, po čemu ju ispitanici smatraju specifičnom te kakve ona učinke ima na njih – prije svega primarno pitanje bilo je potiče li ona nasilno ponašanje ili ovisnost. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da većina adolescenata ne pokazuje veliku sklonost igranju videoigara. Prema rezultatima istraživanja videoigre ne potiču nasilno ponašanje i ne utječu na vrijeme koje ispitanici provode s prijateljima ili na ispunjavanje obaveza. Također, gotovi svi ispitanici upoznati su s Flappy Birdom i igrali su navedenu igru. Prema rezultatima istraživanja na većinu ispitanika ta videoigra nije imala negativan učinak te nije poticala nasilno ponašanje. Kao specifičnost, većina ispitanika istaknula je kako je težina videoigre iritantna te da upravo to potiče ponovno igranje i obaranje rekorda. This graduate thesis aims to present an insight into the effects of the videogame Flappy Bird on the adolescents, focusing on the question if this videogame provides agressive behaviour on adolescentes. One of the main question in this thesis is how much is this videogame popular between adolescents in Croatia and why is it considered as special or specific. To give answers on all these questions, I made survey – one through the Internet as web survey and one field survey in the school – Privatna klasicna gimnazija Zagreb. The both surveys contained the same questions and results of both surveys were compared to see posibble diferences between. The surveys were constructed in two parts . The first part of the questions referred to general situation about popularity of videogames in teenagers life. In this part teenagers needed to answer questions connected with this how many they usually play videogames and if that has an effect on their behaviour in general. The second part of the surveys was referenced on the effect of the videogame Flappy Bird on adolecents trying to get answers how much time teenagers were playing Flappy Bird, what they think about this videogame and if they know about possible effect of this videogame. Also one of the question was if they liked Flappy Bird and if they agree with the fact that Flappy Bird was banned because of negative effect on the people. One of the most important question was connected with the fact if this videogame had negative effect on the adolescents – if they spent more time playing this videogame than spending time with friends or if they had problem with school obligations or parents because of playing Flappy Bird too much. According to results, the most adolescents are not addicted to video games and also they don't show violent behavior because of playing videogames. Research results showed that playing videogames don't affect to their time which they spend with friends or fulfilling their obligations. Also, all the adolescents knew for Flappy Bird and played this videogame, but not that much that it would affect on their behaviour and their habits, or life in general. According to survey results, Flappy Bird didn't have negative effect on adolecentes and also didn't induce violent behavior. As a specific feature, most respondents pointed out that the weight of the videogame is so irritating that it just encourages re-playing and scoring the bigger record.

The Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ) in concrete is the region of the cement paste that is disturbed by the presence of an aggregate or fiber. This work focuses on the ITZ around silica and dolomite grains and steel fibers. The analysis performed is based on: the macroscale properties of the specimens ; petrographic analyses with polarized microscopy ; and qualitative and quantitative SEM analyses. The following types of concrete were tested: standard quality (SQ) ; high-quality with steel fibers (PFRC) ; and Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC). The most important parameters affecting ITZ are: the properties of the disturbing elements and the mix composition of the concrete. In PFRC, a differentiated zone of thickness 20 µm (787.40 µin) was observed around a dolomite grain, showing a preferential growth of Ca-based compounds. In UHPFRC, SEM-EDS analysis revealed CSH of lower Ca/Si ratios in the proximity of fibers and aggregates.

The kitchen sage (Salvia officinalis L.) has long been known as a plant with many healing properties and especially the most famous essential oil. The ecological niche represents the sum of all environmental variables that affect the growth, survival and reproduction of species. Due to its great potential, the aim was build a model of ecological niche for kitchen sage of Croatia territory. Distribution of Salvia officinalis and its GPS coordinates were used for modeling ecological niches and taken from the Flora Croatica Database (FCD). Georeferenced raster climatic layers for 11 variables are downloaded from the WorldClim Database. Each vector point of the species is associated with the pixel value of each climatic variable. In Maxent 3.3. a prediction model is made using the maximum entropy method. The higher the pixel value, the greater the convenience of the habitat. The results show that Bio9 (mean temperature of driest quarter) has the greatest influence on the growth of sage with 34.8%. The model of ecological niche made on the basis of the climatic variables with a finer resolution (1x1km) showed more reliable results than the rough resolution.

Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in the Ćićarija Mountain region (northern Istria, Croatia) is characterized by calcisphere limestone successions with a firmground and glauconite horizon, bioturbated intervals, tempestites and slumped structures, and laminated algal- cyanobacterial and organic rich interbeds. Compilation of the results of litho-, bio-, and microfacies analyses, X-ray diffraction, SEM, EDS and stable isotope analyses revealed extensive evidence for the reconstruction of marine paleoenvironmental conditions. Shallow water carbonate deposits (the Milna Formation) underlie a drowned-platform succession (the Sv. Duh Formation) on three detailed stratigraphic columns (Vodice–Jelovica, Martinjak and Planik). The transition between these two units is sharp and commonly slumped. The approximate thickness of the Sv. Duh Formation (calcisphere wackestone) is 100 m. The limestones of this formation are mainly greyish to light brown in color, weakly stratified, massive, brittle and tectonically fractured. The entire observed succession is enriched in organic matter. Preliminary δ13C and δ18O stable isotope analyses show the influence of the global Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE2) on the northwestern part of the Adriatic Carbonate Platform (AdCP). Anoxic and hypoxic conditions in the water column lead to major changes in the shallow water carbonate system of the AdCP. Many benthic foraminifera declined during that time, but the opportunistic species (e.g., planktonic foraminifera and calcareous dinoflagellates, which are less sensitive to change in salinity, temperature, nutrients and oxygen saturation), diversified and expanded greatly. Meanwhile, local and regional tectonics combined with sea- level dynamics led to facies differentiation in the study area. Consequently, the investigated upper Cretaceous deeper-marine lithostratigraphic units of the AdCP represent a record of the relationship between global eustatic changes and local synsedimentary tectonics. The results of this research provide new insights into the character of the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary interval in the northwestern part of the AdCP and allow the correlation of these deposits with global events.

U-Pb isotopic data obtained by LA-MC-ICP-MS analysis of zircons from monzogranite sample ( Omanovac Quarry, Psunj Mt., Croatia).

Ljekovita kadulja (Salvia officinalis L.) od davnina je poznata kao biljka s mnogim ljekovitim svojstvima. Koristi se za ispiranje grla, zaustavljanje krvarenja na ranama i kao začin. Ipak, najpoznatije je kaduljino eterično ulje. Ekološka niša predstavlja zbroj svih faktora u okolišu koji utječu na rast, preživljavanje i reprodukciju vrsta. Zbog velikog potencijala cilj je napraviti model ekološke niše za ljekovitu kadulju. Metoda maksimalne entropije u programu Maxent 3.3. pokazala se pouzdanom u usporedbi s drugim metodama ekološkog modeliranja. Područje istraživanja je mediteranski dio Hrvatske, koji se odlikuje sa suhim i vrućim ljetima te blagim i kišnim zimama. Za modeliranje ekološke niše bilo je potrebno pripremiti tablicu s podacima o njenoj distribuciji koja je preuzeta iz Flora Croatica Database baze podataka (FCD). Klimatske podloge u obliku rasterskih slojeva preuzete su iz WorldClim baze podataka i bilo ih je potrebno obraditi na istu rezoluciju, veličinu i koordinatni sustav (CRS). Svakoj točki prisutnosti vrste pridružena je vrijednost piksela svake klimatske varijable. Model je napravljen na temelju 11 klimatskih varijabli koje su prikazane u rasterskom obliku. U programu Maxent 3.3. izrađen je prediktivni model metodom maksimalne entropije. Rezultati su dobiveni i prikazani u tabličnom i grafičkom prikazu. Što je veća vrijednost piksela, veća je povoljnost staništa. Rezultati pokazuju da varijabla Bio9 (srednja temperatura kvartala s najmanje padalina) ima najveći utjecaj na rast kadulje sa 34, 8%. Grafički modeli prikazuju visok stupanj točnosti modela. Napravljena su dva modela ekološke niše sa različitim vrijednostima piksela, gruba rezolucija (2, 5x2, 5km) i fina rezolucija (1x1km). Model ekološke niše napravljen s finijom rezolucijom pokazao je pouzdanije rezultate u odnosu na grublju rezoluciju.

The Cenomanian–Turonian boundary (CTB) in the Cicarija Mountain region (northern Istria, Croatia) is characterized by calcisphere limestone successions with a firmground and glauconite horizon, bioturbated intervals, tempestites, and slumped structures as well as microbially laminated and organic-rich interbeds deposited in the northwestern part of the intra-Tethyan Adriatic Carbonate Platform (AdCP). Compilation of the results from three studied sections (Vodice–Jelovica, Martinjak and Planik) of litho-, bio-, and microfacies analyses, X-ray diffraction, SEM, EDS, and stable isotope analyses allowed reconstruction of marine paleoenvironmental conditions during this time period. Shallow-marine carbonate deposits of the Milna Formation underlie a drowned-platform succession of the Sveti (Sv.) Duh Formation. The contact between these two formations is sharp and commonly marked by slumped deposits. The Sv. Duh Formation consists of about 100 m of calcisphere wackestone enriched in organic matter. The results of preliminary δ13C and δ18O stable isotope analyses indicate the influence of the global Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE2) on the deposition of this carbonate succession. Anoxic and hypoxic conditions in the water column lead to major changes in the shallow-marine carbonate system of the AdCP. Numerous benthic foraminifera declined during that time, but planktonic foraminifera and calcareous dinoflagellates diversified and expanded greatly. The results of this research provide new insights into the character of the CTB interval in this part of the Tethyan realm. Local and regional synsedimentary tectonics combined with global upper Cretaceous sea-level dynamics allows the correlation of the investigated deeper-marine lithostratigraphic units with OAE2.

Potassium feldspar crystals from the Alto da Cabeca (Boqueirao), Rio Grande do Norte (sample BQ) and the Morro Redondo, Minas Gerais (sample MR) pegmatites in Brazil have a typical adularia fourling habit consisting of a combination of Baveno and Manebach twins. Crystal morphology suggests a monoclinic symmetry, but XRPD measurements and TEM experiments show that the samples are low microcline. Calculated values of triclinicity [Delta = 0.915 (BQ) and Delta = 0.9225 (MR)], cell parameters [a 8.587(4), b 12.969(4), c 7.223(2) angstrom, alpha 90.66(3) beta 115.97(4), gamma 87.69(3)degrees for BQ and a 8.584(3), b 12.970(3), c 7.225(2) angstrom, alpha 90.66(3) beta 115.97(3), gamma 87.74(3)degrees for MR), t(1)o occupancy of Al [0.99 (BQ) and 0.98 (MR)], order index [Delta(SM) = 0.97 (BQ) and Delta(SM) = 0.99 (MR)] and Sigma Al at the T-1 sites [98.6% (BQ) and 99.5% (MR)] reveal a triclinic symmetry and a high state of order for the samples of potassium feldspar. Transmission electron microscopy and selected-area electron-diffraction investigations of the crystals show that they are compositionally homogeneous, without exsolution lamellae of other phases. The electron-diffraction patterns show no splitting of any reflection and no streaking, and thus indicate ideal order in both samples. According to crystal morphology and the results on submicroscopic scale, we conclude that in this case adularia samples have a completely ordered structure. The measurements and calculations demonstrate that they are highly ordered, i.e., maximum microcline. Adularia pseudomorphs are highly ordered triclinic feldspar developed through transformation of a monoclinic parent.

Kemija je prirodna znanost koja proučava tvari, njihova svojstva i međudjelovanja, te je neophodna za razumijevanje svijeta oko nas. Poznavanjem i razumijevanjem kemije možemo pojasniti svakodnevne stvari i shvatiti što se sve događa u svakodnevnom životu. Sve što možemo dodirnuti, kušati ili pomirisati zapravo je kemijski preparat. Osim što su poučni, kemijski pokusi mogu biti i zabavni i lijepi. Pomoću nekih pokusa možemo kreirati prava umjetnička djela. Ova je radionica zamišljena kako bi se na zabavan način kemija približila učenicima i svima zainteresiranima koji nisu pobliže upoznati s njom. U sklopu radionice izvoditi će se eksperimenti za koje su potrebni jednostavni i bezopasni sastojci.

This article shows first results of common geological mapping begun in 2007 in Drava-valley made by Croatian Geological Survey and Geological Institute of Hungary. It shows surface formations and its correlation on the territory, the basement formations, and types and thickness of Miocene sediments. We can correlate Pannonian (Pontian) sediments in detail along the Drava River from Barcs to the end of common Drava-section due to log data of hydrocarbon prospect holes. The boreholes data near Sellye and Okorág show that the upper part of Újfalu Formation (Pontian) consist of 150-200 m thick brown coal and overlaying 200 m thick coarse grained gravel instead of typical section of alternate sandstone, siltstone and clayey marl. Regional facies of Pannonian (Pontian) formations is featured by stepped filling up of Miocene part-basins with smaller oscillation and by compensation of ground surface. There is a basement of Pannonian sediments on this territory, which is deeper than 3300 m and the centre of this basin is at Felsőszentmárton–Gačište area. The basement of this basin ascends from Felsőszentmárton–Gačište to Drávaszabolcs to 1500 m and to Donji Miholjac at 1000 m deep. During the Pannonian sedimentation, both regional alleviation and ground surface compensation took place. As a result, the level of beds overlying the youngest Pannonian sediments is at -100 m (±50 m) in the whole area. A lot of data about post-Pannonian formations are obtained from the sections of water-wells, and from field work. One of the most important post-Pannonian formations is the Marcali Formation (Pliocene–Pleistocene) which is the underlying formation of Drava sediments. This formation consists of alternating fluvial fine grained sand and silt, and it is few hundred meters thick. This formation is well known on the Hungarian side in Belső-(Inner-) Somogy, and we could verify it in Drava-basin too, and separate from underlying Upper Pannonian and overlying flood plain sediments (FPS) of Drava. The Drava sediments are discordant on Marcali Formation (Pliocene–Pleistocene) and coarser grained as underlying beds. This FPS is about 100 m thick on the Sellye territory and over 200 m thick at Slatina. This sequence can be distributed to two or three fluvial sedimentary cycles which have upwards finer grain size and consist of pebbly, medium-grained channel sand. Twenty three Quaternary formations are separated on the Sellye-Slatina sheet and correlated them on the Croatian and Hungarian side of the sheet. Territory can be distributed in different part, on the grounds of its geological and geomorphologic features. Drava sediments are found on the Drava alluvial plane, on the Ormánság-terrace, on the Podravina terrace and under the eolian sand of flood plain. The border of surface and subsurface Drava sediments are in south, the foreland of Bilogora Hill and Papuk Mts., on north the plain of Fekete-víz and the foreland of Dunántúl Hill. Holocene alluvial sediments distributed by point bars and dead channels, are typical on the Drava floodplain. Zone of fractured terrace relicts consisting of mainly fluvial sand, runs along north from young alluvial plain in Ormánság, emerged from high alluvial level of Drava. The overlaying well developed loess-like gleyey podzol-type soil shows, the relative age of these terrace relicts. This soil is a relict from Upper Pleistocene representing warm/cold and wet/arid climate changes. It is typical of the high floodplain level that some of the Lower Holocene alluvial formations of Drava were inherited by the influent creeks coming from the north during the Upper Holocene. Podravina terrace consists of Pleistocene fluvial sands, which are overlyed by Holocene-Pleistocene fluvial-marsh sediments and Holocene eolian sands. The morphology of this area with equated surface, which is barely, reflects fluvial activity is very different from braided alluvial plain of Drava. A series of formations developing from marshy sedimentation to loess-formation is typical on the south border of Drava-valley at the Bilogora Hill foreland. Colluvial sediments and loess originated from this series cover huge areas as well. Multigenerational eolian sand bodies lay out the NW boundary of Drava-valley. The oldest of these is covered by Pleistocene podzol-type relict soils at Barcs and Darány. The loess-sediments of Baranya region (HUN) and the resedimented, 10-20 m thick formations of this loess reclined against Drava FPS, border the valley on the NE side. Terrain affected by fluvial sedimentation, on the mapped area of Drava-valley, is asymmetric. One of the most interesting differences between north and south part is that the terrace sediments and relict soils of north side are missing on the Croatian side. Also it is conspicuous that Podravina terrace featured by Pleistocene-Holocene sediments had an occlusion, from the territory of young alluvial plain of Drava, which is laying on the same morphological level and which is characterized by intensive fluvial meanders of the river. It is very probable that these differences are correlated with young structural development of territory. Acknowledgements This project was established by the support of the National Office for Research and Technology (Hungary) and was supported by the K 75 801 National Research Foundation (OTKA), the HR-15/2008 and HR-16/2008 projects of S&T Foundation of Hungary and Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sports.

Dilj gora smještena je u južnom dijelu Panonskog bazena, u Slavoniji, sjeverno od Slavonskog Broda. Prva istraživanja na Dilj gori započeta su u drugoj polovici 19.-og, nastavljena u drugoj polovici 20.-og, a najsveobuhvatnije opisana od strane ŠPARICE i koautora u sedamdesetim i osamdesetim godinama prošlog stoljeća (1973, 1979, 1980, 1986a, 1986b). Novomilenijska istraživanja u okviru izrade Geološke karte Republike Hrvatske 1:50 000, na području Dilj gore, unutar neogenskih naslaga izdvojila su 11 neformalnih litostratigrafskih jedinica (Pikija i dr., 2005 ; Kovačić i dr., 2005). Na temelju snimljenih geoloških stupova, krupnoklastični sedimenti nižeg miocena neformalne litostratigrafske jedinice Ravan (Pikija et al., 2005) utvrđeni su na lokalitetima Staro Završje (StZ-I), Vučje jame (Vjm-I) i Pivnice (Piv-I). Na lokalitetu Staro Završje, sedimenti nižeg miocena predstavljeni su izmjenom intervala pjeskovito do šljunkovitog silta i klastpotpornog, dijelom slabo vezanog, polimiktnog šljunka. Šljunak se javlja i u vidu leća unutar siltnih intervala. Veličina valutica iznosi 2–10cm, ali su prisutni i blokovi veličine do 40 cm. Valutice se mogu grupirati u tri glavne skupine. Prvu sačinjavaju pješčenjaci i siltiti. To su stijene psamitno-pelitne klastične strukture, gusto pakirane, loše sortirane s neujednačenim dimenzijama detritusa. Skoro uvijek je prisutan i sekundarno izlučeni karbonat. Prevladavaju fragmenti polikristaliničnog kvarca, kvarcita, kvarcnih škriljavaca, kiselih magmatskih stijena i rožnjaka, nad česticama monomineralnog kvarca, feldspata, muskovita i klorita, a nalazimo i karbonatne čestice. Gusto pakirani varijeteti s željezovitom komponentom u vezivu u kojima prevladavaju litoklasti odgovaraju sublitoarenitu, dok uzorci s većim postotkom sekundarno izlučenog karbonata u intergranularnom prostoru odgovaraju pješčenjacima grauvaknog tipa. Uzorci s visokim sadržajem CaCO3 predstavljaju prijelaz prema drugoj glavnoj skupini stijena, a to su vapnenci. Razlikuju se čisti mikriti, sparitizirani mikriti, glinovito-siltozni vapnenci, te mramorizirani vapnenci. Treća karakteristična skupina jesu anhimetamorfne stijene i stijene niskog stupnja metamorfizma tipa slejt-filita. Rijetki su nalazi valutica granita, riolita i breče. Na lokalitetu Vučje jame sedimenti nižeg miocena predstavljeni su klast do matrikspotpornim šljunkom. Jedna trećina prikupljenih valutica i ovdje su sitno do srednjezrnasti pješčenjaci s karbonatnim vezivom i siltiti. Svi uzorci imaju ujednačeni mineralni sastav: prevladavaju čestice feldspata (ortoklas, mikroklin, rijetko plagioklas), mono- i polikristalinični kvarc, rijetko muskovit i čestice karbonata i pripadaju arkoznim arenitima i subarkozama. Vezivo je oskudno, željezovito, ponegdje sekundarno izlučeni karbonat. Ima uzoraka u kojima se smanjuje udio feldspata na račun fragmenata stijena i to: kvarcita, škriljavaca i kiselih magmatskih stijena, te rijetko rožnjaka. Ovi varijeteti odgovaraju sublitoarenitu na granici prema litičnoj grauvaki. Kemijsko trošenje nije zahvatilo feldspate što je najvjerojatnije posljedica sedimentacije u blizini matičnih stijena koje su ih derivirale, ali i relativno brzog taloženja. Vapnenci su rjeđi nego na lokalitetu StZ-I, ali je nađen uzorak koji odgovara vapnencu tipa scaglia. U većem broju prisutne su valutice mramora i amfibolskog škriljavca, a i ovdje kao i na prethodnom lokalitetu veliku skupinu čine anhimetamorfne i stijene niskog stupnja metamorfizma tipa slejt-filita. Stijene ove skupine najvjerojatnije su bile finolaminirani sedimenti – izmjena lamina pješčenjaka i šejla uz prisustvo karbonata, a pretpostavka je, da su metamorfozirane u uvjetima niskog stupnja metamorfizma. Pri tome su kao rezultat nastale, ovisno o udjelu prethodno nabrojanih komponenti i tada prisutnim p-t uvjetima, metamorfne stijene različite teksture (od homogene do škriljave) i različitog stupnja kristaliniteta. U pojedinim uzorcima optički se uopće ne razaznaju mineralne faze, dok postoje varijeteti u kojima su jasno odredivi kvarc, feldspat (albit), bijeli tinjac, klorit, amfibol i karbonat (kalcit). Nabrojani minerali potvrđeni su i XRD analizom. Neki uzorci su lagano mikroborani („plisirani“), a nailazi se i na mikroklivaž. Valutice s lokaliteta Pivnice, izdvojene su iz klast- do matrikspotpornog šljunka, sitnije su nego na prethodna dva lokaliteta (veličina im rijetko doseže 10cm). Vrlo su dobro zaobljene, slabo do dobro sortirane. Za razliku od lokaliteta Staro Završje i Vučje jame ovdje nisu nađene anhimetamorfne stijene i metamorfne stijene skupine slejt-filita, ali su kao i na prethodna dva lokaliteta potvrđeni nalazi pješčenjaka i vapnenaca. Sporadično i ovdje se isipavaju mramor i amfibolski škriljavac. Vapnenci su mikriti i mikrospariti. Osnovni sastojak je mikritni kalcit, koji je u pojedinim uzorcima slabije do izraženije rekristaliziran. Većina pješčenjaka su sublitoareniti s prijelazom u grauvake. To su loše sortirani pješčenjaci u kojima od siliciklastičnih čestica prevladava polikristalinični kvarc, kvarcni škriljavac, klasti starijih karbonatnih stijena i rožnjaci. Česta su samostalna zrna kvarca, feldspata, a rijeđi listići muskovita, biotita i klorita. Neke od valutica sadržavaju fosilno kršje. U vezivu varira udio željezovite komponente i sekundarno izlučenog karbonata. Česte su i žilice sekundarnog kalcita. Istraživane valutice u sedimentima nižeg miocena Dilj gore litološki su veoma heterogenog sastava. Najzastupljeniji su pješčenjaci do siltiti, vapnenci, pjeskoviti vapnenci i mramori, potom anhimetamorfne i stijene niskog stupnja metamorfizma tipa slejt-filita, a podređeno prisutni amfibolski škriljavac, granit, riolit i breče. Navedeni tipovi stijena ukazuju da su matične stijene iz kojih su valutice derivirane prvenstveno bile starije sedimentne i metamorfne stijene, a tek u manjoj mjeri magmatske stijene. Literatura: KOVAČIĆ, M., AVANIĆ, A., BAKRAČ, K., HEĆIMOVIĆ, I., FILJAK, R. & MORIĆ, A. (2005): Gornjomiocenski sedimenti Dilj gore (Late Miocene Sediments of Dilj Mt.). Proceedings of the 3rd Croatian Geological Congress, Abstracts Book, 77–78. PIKIJA, M., VRSALJKO, D., MIKNIĆ, M., HORVAT, M., GALOVIĆ, I. & SLOVENEC, D. (2005): Sedimenti nižeg miocena Dilj gore (Lower part of Miocene Deposits of Dilj Mt.). Proceedings of the 3rd Croatian Geological Congress, Abstracts Book, 113114. ŠPARICA M., BUZALJKO, R. & MOJIĆEVIĆ, M. (1986a): Osnovna geološka karta 1:100 000, list Slavonski Brod. Inst. za geol. istraž., Zagreb, Inst. za geol., Sarajevo, Sav. geol. zavod, Beograd. ŠPARICA, M., BUZALJKO, R. & PAVELIĆ, D. (1986b): Osnovna geološka karta 1:100 000. Tumač za list Slavonski Brod. Inst. za geol. istraž., Zagreb, Inst. za geol., Sarajevo, Sav. geol. zavod, Beograd, 156. ŠPARICA, M. & CRNKO, J. (1973): Geologija zapadnog dijela Dilj gore.– Geol. vjesnik, 26, 83-92, Zagreb. ŠPARICA, M., JURIŠA, M., CRNKO, J., ŠIMUNIĆ, AN., JOVANOVIĆ, C. & ŽIVANOVIĆ, D. (1979): Osnovna geološka karta SFRJ 1:100000, list Nova Kapela. Inst. za geol. istraž., Zagreb, Inst. za geol., Sarajevo, Sav. geol. zavod, Beograd. ŠPARICA, M., JURIŠA, M., CRNKO, J., ŠIMUNIĆ, AN., JOVANOVIĆ, C. & ŽIVANOVIĆ, D. (1980): Osnovna geološka karta SFRJ 1:100000. Tumač za list Nova Kapela. Inst. za geol. istraž., Zagreb, Inst. za geol., Sarajevo, Sav. geol. zavod, Beograd, 155.

Cepljenje je medicinski postopek s katerim aktiviramo imunski odgovor osebe z vnosom oslabljenih mikroorganizmov ali posameznih mikrobnih molekul z namenom ustvarjanja odpornosti. Je najuspešnejši ukrep za obvladovanje nekaterih nalezljivih bolezni. Po cepljenju se vzpostavi individualna zaščita pred boleznijo, proti kateri smo cepili otroka. Zaradi nepravočasnega cepljenja obstaja nevarnost za ponoven pojav in širjenja nalezljivih bolezni. Nekateri starši odklanjajo cepitev svojega otroka zaradi slabe informiranosti o cepljenju in cepivu, življenjskega sloga ter prehranjevanja. Starše je treba informirati, seznaniti o potrebnosti cepljenja zaradi možne nevarnosti razširitve nalezljivih bolezni. Metodologija raziskovanja: Pri magistrskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo in analitičen pristop. Pri teoretičnem delu smo uporabili kvalitativno metodo dela in s pomočjo tuje in domače literature opisali dejstva in ugotovitve o cepljenju in seznanjenosti staršev o povzročiteljih bolezni. V raziskovalnem delu smo podatke zbrali s pomočjo anonimnega anketnega vprašalnika. Ugotovitve na podlagi teoretičnega in empiričnega spoznanja smo predstavili v programu Microsoft Word 2013 in Microsoft Excel 2013. Rezultate smo prikazali v grafični in opisni obliki. Rezultati: Večina staršev se strinja z obveznim cepljenjem otroka in tudi večina staršev bi vseeno cepila svojega otroka četudi cepljenje ne bi bilo obvezno. Največ informacij so starši pridobili s strani zdravnikov in preko interneta. Ugotovili smo, da so, starši z visoko izobrazbo bolj poznali povzročitelje nalezljivih bolezni proti katerim cepimo otroka, kot starši, ki nimajo končane visoke izobrazbe. Sklep: Za otroka je cepljenje varen in učinkovit način preprečevanja nalezljivih bolezni, ki bi lahko imele negativne posledice za otroka. Zaupanje staršev v varnost in učinkovitost cepiv, je eden ključnih dejavnikov imunizacije. Zdravniki in zdravstveni delavci, moramo skrbeti za informiranje staršev o cepljenju in zavedanju o možni nevarnosti ponovne razširitve nalezljivih bolezni, če bi ukinili cepljenje. Vaccination is a medical procedure by which we activate the immune system of a person by infusing weakened microorganisms or separate microbial molecules in order to create resistance. It is the most successful way to eliminate certain diseases. With vaccination, individual protection from diseases is established in children. Because of the untimely vaccination of a child, there is a threat of reoccurrence or spreading of the infectious diseases. Some parents refuse to vaccinate their child because of the poor awareness about the vaccination, lifestyle and diet. Parents need to be informed, and thus explain the importance of vaccinating their child – because of the possible threat of spreading infectious diseases. Method: We used the descriptive method and analytical approach in our thesis. We used a qualitative method in theory and with the help of foreign and domestic bibliography we examined the facts and how have parents been informed about the causes of infectious diseases. We gathered the research data by using an anonymous questionnaire. We based our results on the theoretical and empirical findings that we presented in the Microsoft Word 2013 and Microsoft Excel 2013. The results are shown in a graphic and narrative form. Discussion: The majority of parents agree with the mandatory vaccination of their child and most parents would vaccinate their child even if it would not be mandatory. Parents mostly obtained the necessary information through a physician or on the internet. We have learned that the parents who have higher education were more aware of the causes of the infectious diseases and the appropriate vaccinations against them, then the parents who do not have higher education. Conclusion: Vaccination is a safe and effective way of preventing infectious diseases which could have negative consequences on the child. The key factor of immunization is the confidence of parents in the safety and efficacy of the vaccines. Doctors and health workers need to inform the parents about immunization and raise awareness of the possible consequences of reoccurring infectious diseases if vaccination would be stopped.

Mafic intrusive rocks are subordinately represented fragments of the oceanic crust in the ophiolite mélange exposedat Mts. Kalnik and Ivanščica located in the NW Dinaric-Vardar ophiolite zone. This ophiolite mélange occurs in thenorthern area of the Kalnik Unit and represents the SW surface boundary of the Zagorje-Mid-Transdanubian ShearZone. The mélange, except for mafic intrusive rocks, consists of a chaotic mixture of various extrusive rocks formedin different tectonic settings of the Repno Oceanic Domain (ROD). The ROD was the segment of Neo-Tethys thatconnects the Meliata-Maliak and Dinaric-Vardar oceanic systems. Previous study of mafic extrusive sequences suggestedan 80 Ma period of tectono-magmatic evolution of the ROD from intra-continental rifting during the Anisian,to the formation of proto-arc crust during the Callovian-Oxfordian. The domain exposes ophiolitic rocks in four mélangeareas. Isotropic gabbroic rocks that are abundant in two northern areas (Mts. Kalnik and Ivanščica), can be discriminatedinto three distinct geochemical groups: (A) N-MORB-type gabbro [(Th/Nb)n = 0.99–1.10; (Nb/La)n =0.95–0.99], (B) IAT-type amphibole gabbro with clear supra-subduction characteristics [(Th/Nb)n = 6.04–8.16; (Nb/La)n = 0.32–0.42] and (C) BABB-type amphibole-bearing gabbro [(Th/Nb)n = 2.88–4.02; (Nb/La)n = 0.58–0.69].Representative gabbro samples of each geochemical group were dated by the Ar-Ar and/or the K-Ar dating method.The Early Jurassic N-MORB-type gabbros (geochemical group A), ~185 Ma old, signifies a peculiar stage of Palaeo-Tethyan slab break-off. The Late Jurassic IAT-type gabbros (geochemical group B), ~147 Ma old, is the vestige of anascent intra-oceanic arc, whilst the Early Cretaceous BABB-type gabbros (geochemical group C), ~100 Ma old,provides evidence of magmatism in the back-arc marginal basin. The analyzed gabbroic rocks enable refinement andcompletion of the geodynamic evolution of the ROD, from the opening of an ensialic back-arc basin during the Ladinianand a continuous spreading event until the Bajocian. Intra-oceanic convergence was initiated in the Bathonian,with the formation of a nascent island-arc during the Tithonian, leading to formation of a Cretaceous ensimatic backarcmarginal basin. There are many lines of evidence that correlate the geodynamic evolution of the ROD with theAlbanide-Hellenide Neo-Tethyan oceanic segment.

This study is based on a compilation of published and unpublished data from Early Miocene deposits of North Croatia. Generally, the main work and results refers to the North Croatian Basin in the area of Slavonia. The formation of the sedimentary basin in the North Croatia started in the Early Miocene, probably in the Ottnangian (Pavelić et al., 1998 ; Pavelić & Kovačić, 1999 ; Pavelić, 2001) or Karpatian (Kovačić et al., 2011).

Poremećaj pažnje s hiperaktivnošću neurorazvojni je poremećaj koji se javlja u dječjoj dobi, a može se nastaviti i kroz mladenaštvo i zrelu dob. Karakteriziraju ga hiperaktivnost, impulzivnost i nedostatak pažnje. Osim glavnih simptoma često su prisutni problemi organiziranja i planiranja, problemi spavanja, emocionalni problemi, disfunkcije senzorne integracije, problemi u komunikaciji, govoru i mišljenju. Uzroci nastanka poremećaja nisu sasvim razjašnjeni, a neke od mogućih pretpostavki su biološki uzroci, loši interpersonalni odnosi u obitelji, utjecaj genetskih faktora te okolišni čimbenici. U dijagnostici je važno uzeti u obzir osobnu i obiteljsku anamnezu, prisutnost simptoma prije 7. godine života te prisutnost 6 ili više simptoma nepažnje i hiperaktivnosti/impulzivnosti prema DSM-IV klasifikaciji. U dijagnostici se koriste i razne standardizirane procjene te upitnici za roditelje i nastavnike. Radni terapeut u svojoj intervenciji može koristiti klijent centrirani pristup te model humane okupacije i na klijenta orijentirani model. Osim standardiziranih procjena, radni terapeut promatra dijete i njegovo funkcioniranje u aktivnostima dnevnog života. Time dobiva uvid u poteškoće koje dijete može imati u obavljanju aktivnosti samozbrinjavanja, produktivnosti i slobodnog vremena. Također, dijete samo i u suradnji sa roditeljima procjenjuje koje su mu aktivnosti bitne i u kojima ima probleme u izvođenju. Kao najčešće intervencije koriste se terapija senzorne integracije, bihevioralno-kognitivna terapija, trening pažnje i koncentracije te tehnike opuštanja. Važno je da dijete, ukoliko postoji interes, ima mogućnost sudjelovanja u sportskim aktivnostima i grupnim aktivnostima u kojima je bitna interakcija sa ostalom djecom. Roditelji su neizostavan dio svake terapije i oni naučene strategije prenose u svakodnevnicu. Radno i školsko okružje treba biti potpuno prilagođeno djetetu kako ne bi djelovalo ometajuće, već da omogućava djetetu postizanje što je moguće veće funkcionalnosti.

U-Pb isotopic data obtained by LA-MC-ICP-MS analysis on zircons from monzogranite sample from Šandrovac Quarry (NW Papuk Mt., Croatia).

Medvjetka (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi /L./ Spreng.) je od davnina poznata u liječenju bolesti bubrega, mjehura i mokraćnih puteva. Među alpskim niskim grmljem obična je i česta biljka, a česta je biljka i na našim vapnenačkim planinama. U Hrvatskoj raste u Lici, Banovini i Gorskom Kotaru. Borovnica (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) je vrlo rasprostranjena vrsta, raste po bjelogoričnim i crnogoričnim šumama sjeverne i srednje Europe, sjeverne Azije i Amerike. Kao droga koristi se list borovnice (Myrtilli folium). Borovica raste po brežuljcima, brdskim i gorskim područjima, po krčevima, vrištinama, svijetlim borovim i brezovim šumama, kao i na zapuštenim, suhim i kamenitim mjestima. Čisti krv, odvodi otrovne plinove, a s mokraćom i toksine, izaziva znojenje, liječi vodenu bolest, drobi i odvaja kamenac iz žuči, mjehura i bubrega. Zečji trn (Ononis spinosa L.) raste na oskudnom i suhom tlu livada i pašnjaka, najčešće u području vapnenaca, uz rubove šuma, živice, njive i puteve. Kao droga koristi se korijen (Ononidis radix ) koji sadrži eterično ulje s diuretskim učinkom. Puzava pirika (Agopyron repens /L./ Pal. Beauv.) je trajna biljka iz porodice trava, i korov koji se teško iskorjenjuje. Jedna od najčešćih primjena ove vrste je u liječenju upala mokraćnih puteva, kao što su cistitis i uretritis. U kombinaciji s drugim biljkama koristi se u liječenju bubrežnih kamenaca i bolesti prostate. Crna gorčica (Brassica nigra /L./Koch) dolazi u slobodnoj prirodi u poludivljem stanju na obalama rijeka te na šljunčanim i pjeskovitim mjestima. Ljekoviti preparati se primjenjuju protiv urinarnih infekcija, jer imaju snažno antiseptičko djelovanje. Brđanka (Arnica montana L.) se u Hrvatskoj nalazi na popisu ugroženih svojti u Crvenoj knjizi vaskularne flore Hrvatske. Cvjetovi brđanke koriste se za izradu vodenih i uljnih iscrpina, a najpoznatiji je oblik Arnicae tinctura. Neven (Calendula officinalis L.) je rasprostranjen u Srednjoj Europi, Siriji i Egiptu. Kod nas je proizvodi uglavnom kao ukrasna biljka, u manjoj mjeri kao ljekovita. Ima važan utjecaj na zacjeljivanje rana. Dunja (Cydonia oblonga Mill) predstavlja simbol ljubavi, sreće, plodnosti, pameti, ljepote, postojanosti i neprolaznosti. Koristi se kod upala kože, opeklina, a u obliku gela, krema ili masti vrlo učinkovito djeluje u liječenju dekubitusa. Velik trputac (Plantago major L.) je rasprostranjen po gotovo cijeloj Europi, sjevernoj i srednjoj Aziji te ga ubrajamo među najrasprostranjenije biljne vrste. Kao droga koristi se list trputca, a primjenjuje se u liječenju kašlja, za zacjeljivanje rana, bolove uha, zubobolju i kožne bolesti. Maslina (Olea europea L.) je vrsta mediteranskog podneblja, a kao kultura u svijetu postoji više od 4 000 godina. Maslinovo ulje se koristi za ublažavanje raznih upala, a interno se upotrebljava pri bolestima jetre i žučnog mjehura. Eksterno se upotrebljava u obliku masti, linimenta i melema. Timijan (Thymus vulgaris L.) raste kao samonikla biljka na suhim osunčanim mjestima i vapnenastoj podlozi, po kamenim predjelima i makiji. Kao droga koristi se list i zelen (Thymi herba et folium) i eterično ulje (Thymi aetheroleum).

Teoretična izhodišča: slikanje z magnetno resonanco je novejša radiološka metoda slikan ja telesa in notranjih organov. Za uspešno slikanje je potrebna dobra informiranost pacientov in dobra priprava pacienta ter pravilna namestitev v močno statično magnetno polje. Prav tako smo želeli predstaviti vlogo medicinske sestre ambulanti za diagnostiko z magnetno resonanco, kajti njeno delo poteka vse od sprejema pacienta, psihične in fizične priprave, do odhoda s preiskave. V diplomskem delu smo želeli ugotoviti ali so pacienti, naročeni na preiskavo dobro seznanjeni o tej diagnostiki. Metodologija: uporabljena je bila kvantitativna metoda. Anketiranih je bilo 60 naključnih pacientov v ambulanti za diagnostiko z MR pred preiskavo v Medicinsko termalnem centru Fontana d.o.o. Maribor. Izvedli smo retrospektivno študijo oz. pregled podatkov iz arhiva za obdobje 2 let ter raziskali kateri so bili vzroki za neopravljene preiskave. Rezultati: Z anketno raziskavo smo ugotovili, da je večina pacientov bila dobro seznanjena glede preiskave z MR, kljub temu, da se je 65 % pacientov prvič srečalo s to diagnostiko. Ugotovili smo, da je 20 % anketirancev bilo strah preiskave in 5 % anketiranih je pred preiskavo vzelo pomirjevalo. Hkrati je 43 % anketiranih strah zaprtih prostorov. Zaradi pogostih odpovedi in izostankov smo pripravili zloženko za lažjo predstavo. Sklep: Boljša informiranost, tako med zdravstvenimi delavci kot med pacienti bi lahko pripomogla k poznavanju kontraindikacij za magnetno resonančno slikanje in s tem večje zadovoljstvo med pacienti, kakor tudi učinkovito zdravstveno obravnavo v ustanovah katere opravljajo te preiskave ter zmanjšanjem čakalne dobe s pravočasno preusmeritvijo na druge diagnostične metode. Theoretical background: magnetic resonance imaging is a newer radiological method for body and internal organs. For successful imaging requires good information for patients and good patient preparation and installation in a strong static magnetic field. Also, we want to present the role of nurse, because she leads patients from the start to the end of imaging. She took care for mental and physical preparation of the investigation. In the thesis was to determine whether patients are well aware of this investigation. Methodology: it was used quantitative method. Respondents were 60 patients in the clinic for diagnosis with MR prior to the Medical center Fontana. We performed a retrospective study. Review of data from the archive for a period of 2 years and studied what were the reason for missed tests. Results: The survey-based study, we found that most patients were well informed regarding the investigation with MR, however, that 65 % of patients for the first time faced with this diagnostic, they knew what its specifics. We found that 20 % of respondents were afraid of investigation and 5 % of those surveyed before the investigation took a sedative. At the same time 43 % of respondents fear of enclosed spaces. Due to frequent cancellations and absences, we have prepared a leaflet for easier understanding. Conclusion: For better information, both among health professionals and the patients may have contributed to the knowledge of contraindications to MR, thereby increasing satisfaction among patients, as well as an effective medical treatment in institutions which carry out these investigations and reducing waiting times by timely shifting to other diagnostic methods.

Synthetic surface-active substances (surfactants) are produced worldwide in large amounts. Surfactants as environmental pollutants are present in various materials, including natural and waste waters, process solutions of industrial enterprises, household consumer products, etc. The most widely used technique in ionic surfactant analysis is the so-called two-phase titration method, but this technique suffers from a large number of drawbacks (limitation of application to strongly coloured and turbid samples, the toxicity of the organic chlorinated solvent used, the formation of emulsion during titration which can disturb visual end-point detection, the numerous matrix interferences, etc). The potentiometry with ion-selective electrodes (ISE) used as sensors, is a promising, simple, rapid available and inexpensive method for determining surfactants, which overcomes most of the limitations mentioned. The electrode may be sensitive to the analyte or to the titrant. Basically, these electrodes have the same design: the electroactive part of an ISE membrane consists of an ion-pair (C+ A), where A is anion of an anionic surfactant (AS) and C is positively charged counter ion, usually a cation of a cationic surfactant (CS). This kind of ISE is suitable for the detection of A and C+. In this investigations 1, 3-didecyl-2-methylimidazolium-tetraphenylborate (DMI-TPB) was used as sensing ion-pair element which was implemented on a screen-printed carrier, consisting of a conducting substrate as a sensing material carrier and an Ag/AgCl electrode as a reference. Platinum, gold and carbon paste were used as conducting carriers. The sensor was applied for potentiometric determination of single pure and technical grade ionic surfactants and their content in commercial products.

Investigated area is situated in the south part of the Pannonian Basin (PB) in Baranja province (Eastern Croatia). This abstract presents new geochemical results of volcanic and pyroclastic rocks, collected during the investigations in Baranja through preparing of Basic Geological Map of Republic of Croatia (scale 1:50000).