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Background: Iron deficiency is one of the most widespread micronutrient deficiencies worldwide and the prevalence of iron deficiency in European infants is increasing during childhood. One high-risk group in respect to iron deficiency is children, as they are in excessive demand of iron due to their rapid growth. During the first six month of life the infant is self-sufficient with iron due to iron depots. After six months the infant may not receive sufficient amount of iron through food, and may increase the risk of iron deficiency, and iron deficiency anaemia. Aim: The overall aim of this study was to examine if length of exclusive breastfeeding and time of introduction to complementary food is related to functional iron stores in women and their infants during the first year of life. Subjects and Methods: “Infant nutrition, Iron and Development” is a part of a population based longitudinal observational study, based in the municipality of Fjell outside of Bergen between the years of 2009-2011, called “The Fjell-study”. The cohort consisted of 126 pregnant women and their babies, and comprised four time points of follow up starting from the 28th gestational week, followed by three-, six- and 12 months after birth. Blood samples and dietary habits were collected at all the time points in the mothers, and at all time points after birth in the infants. The mothers completed the Ages and Stages Questionnaires at six-, and 12 months postpartum, in order to compare mental and physical development with haematologically factors in the infants. Results: The amount of infants having inadequate Hb levels decreased from 34% in the first measurement three months after birth, to 21% in the second measurement six months after birth. After 12 months, postnatally approximately none of the infants had inadequate Hb levels. The amount of infants with inadequate CHr levels increased from 1% at the first measurement three months postnatally