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52. Abstract 1438: Organic anion transporter(SLCO)genotype and prostate cancer progression: Prospective cohort study and meta-analysis

Author

Stopsack, Konrad H., primary, Rajanala, Harisha, additional, Plym, Anna, additional, Vaselkiv, Jane B., additional, Matsoukas, Konstantina, additional, Ebot, Ericka M., additional, Markt, Sarah C., additional, Penney, Kathryn L., additional, Lee, Gwo-Shu M., additional, Mucci, Lorelei A., additional, and Kantoff, Philip W., additional

Published
2022
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55. Height, Obesity, and the Risk of TMPRSS2:ERG-Defined Prostate Cancer

Author

Graff, Rebecca E., Ahearn, Thomas U., Pettersson, Andreas, Ebot, Ericka M., Gerke, Travis, Penney, Kathryn L., Wilson, Kathryn M., Markt, Sarah C., Pernar, Claire H., Gonzalez-Feliciano, Amparo G., Song, Mingyang, Lis, Rosina T., Schmidt, Daniel R., Vander Heiden, Matthew G., Fiorentino, Michelangelo, Giovannucci, Edward L., Loda, Massimo, Mucci, Lorelei A., Graff, Rebecca E., Ahearn, Thomas U., Pettersson, Andreas, Ebot, Ericka M., Gerke, Travis, Penney, Kathryn L., Wilson, Kathryn M., Markt, Sarah C., Pernar, Claire H., Gonzalez-Feliciano, Amparo G., Song, Mingyang, Lis, Rosina T., Schmidt, Daniel R., Vander Heiden, Matthew G., Fiorentino, Michelangelo, Giovannucci, Edward L., Loda, Massimo, and Mucci, Lorelei A.

Abstract

© 2017 American Association for Cancer Research. Background: The largest molecular subtype of primary prostate cancer is defined by the TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion. Few studies, however, have investigated etiologic differences by TMPRSS2:ERG status. Because the fusion is hormone-regulated and a man's hormonal milieu varies by height and obesity status, we hypothesized that both May be differentially associated with risk of TMPRSS2:ERG-defined disease. Methods: Our study included 49,372 men from the prospective Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Participants reported height and weight at baseline in 1986 and updated weight biennially thereafter through 2009. Tumor ERG protein expression (a TMPRSS2:ERG marker) was immuno-histochemically assessed. We used multivariable competing risks models to calculate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of ERG-positive and ERG-negative prostate cancer. Results: During 23 years of follow-up, we identified 5,847 incident prostate cancers, among which 913 were ERG-assayed. Taller height was associated with an increased risk of ERG-positive disease only [per 5 inches HR 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03–1.50; Pheterogeneity ¼ 0.07]. Higher body mass index (BMI) at baseline (per 5 kg/m2 HR 0.75; 95% CI, 0.61–0.91; Pheterogeneity ¼ 0.02) and updated BMI over time (per 5 kg/m2 HR 0.86; 95% CI, 0.74–1.00; Pheterogeneity ¼ 0.07) were associated with a reduced risk of ERG-positive disease only. Conclusions: Our results indicate that anthropometrics May be uniquely associated with TMPRSS2:ERG-positive prostate cancer; taller height May be associated with greater risk, whereas obesity May be associated with lower risk. Impact: Our study provides strong rationale for further investigations of other prostate cancer risk factors that May be distinctly associated with subtypes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(2); 193–200. 2017 AACR.

Published
2022

56. Harm-to-Benefit of Three Decades of Prostate Cancer Screening in Black Men

Author

Basourakos, Spyridon P., primary, Gulati, Roman, additional, Vince, Randy A., additional, Spratt, Daniel E., additional, Lewicki, Patrick J., additional, Hill, Alexander, additional, Nyame, Yaw A., additional, Cullen, Jennifer, additional, Markt, Sarah C., additional, Barbieri, Christopher E., additional, Hu, Jim C., additional, Trapl, Erika, additional, and Shoag, Jonathan E., additional

Published
2022
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57. PD03-10 EFFECT OF ADVANCES IN TREATMENT ON POPULATION-LEVEL SURVIVAL OF PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC PROSTATE CANCER

Author

Omil-Lima, Danly O., primary, Wu, Xian, additional, Kent, Mercedes A., additional, Gallo, Camilo Arenas, additional, Weinstein, Ilon, additional, Markt, Sarah C., additional, Cullen, Jennifer C., additional, Ponsky, Lee E., additional, Garcia, Jorge A., additional, Hu, Jim C., additional, Barbieri, Christopher E., additional, Spratt, Daniel E., additional, and Shoag, Jonathan E., additional

Published
2022
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59. Incidence of Kidney Stones in the United States: The Continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Author

Hill, Alexander J., primary, Basourakos, Spyridon P., additional, Lewicki, Patrick, additional, Wu, Xian, additional, Arenas-Gallo, Camilo, additional, Chuang, Debby, additional, Bodner, Donald, additional, Jaeger, Irina, additional, Nevo, Amihay, additional, Zell, Michael, additional, Markt, Sarah C., additional, Eisner, Brian H., additional, and Shoag, Jonathan E., additional

Published
2022
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60. Excess cancer prevalence in men with HIV: A nationwide analysis of Medicaid data

Author

Koroukian, Siran M., primary, Zhou, Guangjin, additional, Navale, Suparna M., additional, Schiltz, Nicholas K., additional, Kim, Uriel, additional, Rose, Johnie, additional, Cooper, Gregory S., additional, Moore, Scott Emory, additional, Mintz, Laura J., additional, Avery, Ann K., additional, Mukherjee, Sudipto, additional, and Markt, Sarah C., additional

Published
2022
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61. Racial Disparities in Prostate Cancer: Evaluation of Diet, Lifestyle, Family History, and Screening Patterns

Author

Hansen, Megan, primary, Hamieh, Nadine M., additional, Markt, Sarah C., additional, Vaselkiv, Jane B., additional, Pernar, Claire H., additional, Gonzalez-Feliciano, Amparo G., additional, Peisch, Samuel, additional, Chowdhury-Paulino, Ilkania M., additional, Rencsok, Emily M., additional, Rebbeck, Timothy R., additional, Platz, Elizabeth A., additional, Giovannucci, Edward L., additional, Wilson, Kathryn M., additional, and Mucci, Lorelei A., additional

Published
2022
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62. Characterization and functional analysis of microbiome in bladder cancer.

Author

Bukavina, Laura, primary, Calaway, Adam C., additional, Isali, Ilaha, additional, Prunty, Megan, additional, Ghannoum, Mahmoud, additional, Retuerto, Mauricio, additional, Mishra, Kirtishri, additional, Sindhani, Mohit, additional, Castro Bigalli, Alberto, additional, MacLennan, Gregory, additional, Ponsky, Lee Evan, additional, Markt, Sarah C., additional, and Abbosh, Phillip, additional

Published
2022
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63. Characterization of fungal mycobiome in bladder cancer.

Author

Bukavina, Laura, primary, Prunty, Megan, additional, Calaway, Adam C., additional, Isali, Ilaha, additional, Retuerto, Mauricio, additional, Ghannoum, Mahmoud, additional, Markt, Sarah C., additional, Sindhani, Mohit, additional, Mishra, Kirtishri, additional, Ponsky, Lee Evan, additional, and Abbosh, Phillip, additional

Published
2022
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64. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Prostate Cancer Outcomes in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System

Author

Yamoah, Kosj, primary, Lee, Kyung Min, additional, Awasthi, Shivanshu, additional, Alba, Patrick R., additional, Perez, Cristina, additional, Anglin-Foote, Tori R., additional, Robison, Brian, additional, Gao, Anthony, additional, DuVall, Scott L., additional, Katsoulakis, Evangelia, additional, Wong, Yu-Ning, additional, Markt, Sarah C., additional, Rose, Brent S., additional, Burri, Ryan, additional, Wang, Carrie, additional, Aboiralor, Okoduwa, additional, Fink, Angelina K., additional, Nickols, Nicholas G., additional, Lynch, Julie A., additional, and Garraway, Isla P., additional

Published
2022
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66. Urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels and prostate cancer risk among men in the Multiethnic Cohort

Author

Vaselkiv, Jane B, primary, Cheng, Iona, additional, Chowdhury-Paulino, Ilkania M, additional, Gonzalez-Feliciano, Amparo G, additional, Wilkens, Lynne R, additional, Hauksdottir, Alda M, additional, Eiriksdottir, Gudny, additional, Le Marchand, Loic, additional, Haiman, Christopher A, additional, Valdimarsdóttir, Unnur, additional, Mucci, Lorelei A, additional, and Markt, Sarah C, additional

Published
2021
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67. Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with receipt of biomarker testing in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

Author

Markt, Sarah C., Booker, Benjamin D., Bensken, Wyatt, Schiltz, Nicholas K., Schumacher, Fredrick R., Rose, Johnie, Cooper, Greg, Selfridge, J. Eva, and Koroukian, Siran M.

Subjects
*CART algorithms, *COLORECTAL cancer, *METASTASIS, *SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors, *BIOMARKERS
Abstract

Background: Standard clinical practice and national guidelines dictate somatic testing of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) tumors to guide appropriate therapy; however, previous studies suggest that not all patients are tested. The objective of this study was to investigate potential differences in testing for mCRC by demographic and clinical factors. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of de‐identified patient data derived from electronic health records (EHRs) of 25,469 patients diagnosed with mCRC between the years 2013 and 2020. Our outcome was a receipt of the following tests: (a) biomarker testing (BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, MMR/MSI) and (b) next‐generation sequencing (NGS). We interrogated our data using the machine‐learning algorithm Classification and Regression Tree (CART), a unique approach to identifying combinations of, rather than individual demographic and clinical characteristics associated with receipt of testing. Results: A total of 25,469 patients were identified with mCRC. Of these, 21,133 (83%) received either biomarker testing only (n = 12,485) or any testing (biomarker + NGS) (n = 8648). The proportion of patients who received any testing increased over calendar time for all age, race, and sex categories. Receipt of any testing was highest (90%) among younger and patients with better performance status, and there was no difference in receipt of any testing by race. The highest percentage of NGS testing was among those with better performance status, <70 years old, commercial or other governmental program payers, and low comorbidity burden; however, those who were Black or Hispanic had a lower prevalence of NGS testing than those who were White. Conclusions and Relevance: Considerable variations exist in somatic biomarker testing across subgroups of the population. Identification of genomic alterations can aid in determining targeted treatment and improving clinical outcomes; therefore, equitable use of these testing strategies, particularly NGS, is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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69. ABO Blood Group Alleles and Prostate Cancer Risk: Results from the Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3)

Author

Markt, Sarah C., Shui, Irene M., Unger, Robert H., Urun, Yuksel, Berg, Christine D., Black, Amanda, Brennan, Paul, Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas H., Gapstur, Susan M., Giovannucci, Edward, Haiman, Christopher, Henderson, Brian, Hoover, Robert N., Hunter, David J., Key, Timothy J., Khaw, Kay-Tee, Canzian, Federico, Larranga, Nerea, Le Marchand, Loic, Ma, Jing, Naccarati, Alessio, Siddiq, Afshan, Stampfer, Meir J., Stattin, Par, Stevens, Victoria L., Stram, Daniel O., Tjnneland, Anne, Travis, Ruth C., Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, Ziegler, Regina G., Lindstrom, Sara, Kraft, Peter, Mucci, Lorelei A., Choueiri, Toni K., and Wilson, Kathryn M.

Published
2015
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70. Height, obesity, and the risk of TMPRSS2:ERG -defined prostate cancer

Author

Graff, Rebecca E, Ahearn, Thomas U, Pettersson, Andreas, Ebot, Ericka M, Gerke, Travis, Penney, Kathryn L, Wilson, Kathryn M, Markt, Sarah C, Pernar, Claire H, Gonzalez-Feliciano, Amparo G, Song, Mingyang, Lis, Rosina T, Schmidt, Daniel R, Vander Heiden, Matthew G, Fiorentino, Michelangelo, Giovannucci, Edward L, Loda, Massimo, Mucci, Lorelei A, Graff, Rebecca E, Ahearn, Thomas U, Pettersson, Andreas, Ebot, Ericka M, Gerke, Travis, Penney, Kathryn L, Wilson, Kathryn M, Markt, Sarah C, Pernar, Claire H, Gonzalez-Feliciano, Amparo G, Song, Mingyang, Lis, Rosina T, Schmidt, Daniel R, Vander Heiden, Matthew G, Fiorentino, Michelangelo, Giovannucci, Edward L, Loda, Massimo, and Mucci, Lorelei A

Abstract

© 2017 American Association for Cancer Research. Background: The largest molecular subtype of primary prostate cancer is defined by the TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion. Few studies, however, have investigated etiologic differences by TMPRSS2:ERG status. Because the fusion is hormone-regulated and a man's hormonal milieu varies by height and obesity status, we hypothesized that both May be differentially associated with risk of TMPRSS2:ERG-defined disease. Methods: Our study included 49,372 men from the prospective Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Participants reported height and weight at baseline in 1986 and updated weight biennially thereafter through 2009. Tumor ERG protein expression (a TMPRSS2:ERG marker) was immuno-histochemically assessed. We used multivariable competing risks models to calculate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of ERG-positive and ERG-negative prostate cancer. Results: During 23 years of follow-up, we identified 5,847 incident prostate cancers, among which 913 were ERG-assayed. Taller height was associated with an increased risk of ERG-positive disease only [per 5 inches HR 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03–1.50; Pheterogeneity ¼ 0.07]. Higher body mass index (BMI) at baseline (per 5 kg/m2 HR 0.75; 95% CI, 0.61–0.91; Pheterogeneity ¼ 0.02) and updated BMI over time (per 5 kg/m2 HR 0.86; 95% CI, 0.74–1.00; Pheterogeneity ¼ 0.07) were associated with a reduced risk of ERG-positive disease only. Conclusions: Our results indicate that anthropometrics May be uniquely associated with TMPRSS2:ERG-positive prostate cancer; taller height May be associated with greater risk, whereas obesity May be associated with lower risk. Impact: Our study provides strong rationale for further investigations of other prostate cancer risk factors that May be distinctly associated with subtypes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(2); 193–200. 2017 AACR.

Published
2021

75. A polymorphism in the promoter of FRAS1 is a candidate SNP associated with metastatic prostate cancer

Author

Wang, Victoria, primary, Geybels, Milan S., additional, Jordahl, Kristina M., additional, Gerke, Travis, additional, Hamid, Anis, additional, Penney, Kathryn L., additional, Markt, Sarah C., additional, Freedman, Matthew, additional, Pomerantz, Mark, additional, Lee, Gwo‐Shu M., additional, Rana, Huma, additional, Börnigen, Daniela, additional, Rebbeck, Timothy R., additional, Huttenhower, Curtis, additional, Eeles, Ros A., additional, Stanford, Janet L., additional, Consortium, Practical, additional, Berndt, Sonja I., additional, Claessens, Frank, additional, Sørensen, Karina D., additional, Park, Jong Y., additional, Vega, Ana, additional, Usmani, Nawaid, additional, Mucci, Lorelei, additional, and Sweeney, Christopher J., additional

Published
2021
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76. Exploratory assessment of pineal gland volume, composition, and urinary 6‐sulfatoxymelatonin levels on prostate cancer risk

Author

Bazzi, Latifa A., primary, Sigurdardottir, Lara G., additional, Sigurdsson, Sigurdur, additional, Valdimarsdottir, Unnur, additional, Torfadottir, Johanna, additional, Aspelund, Thor, additional, Czeisler, Charles A., additional, Lockley, Steven W., additional, Jonsson, Eirikur, additional, Launer, Lenore, additional, Harris, Tamara, additional, Gudnason, Vilmundur, additional, Mucci, Lorelei A., additional, and Markt, Sarah C., additional

Published
2021
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81. Urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin Levels and Prostate Cancer Risk among Men in the Multiethnic Cohort.

Author

Vaselkiv, Jane B., Cheng, Iona, Chowdhury-Paulino, Ilkania M., Gonzalez-Feliciano, Amparo G., Wilkens, Lynne R., Hauksdóttir, Alda M., Eiriksdottir, Gudny, Le Marchand, Loïc, Haiman, Christopher A., Valdimarsdóttir, Unnur, Mucci, Lorelei A., and Markt, Sarah C.

Abstract

Background: The circadian hormone melatonin has anticancer properties, and prior studies suggest a positive association between low melatonin and prostate cancer risk. The purpose of this study was to examine urinary melatonin levels and prostate cancer in a racially/ethnically diverse cohort. Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study, including 1,263 prostate cancer cases and 2,346 controls, sampled from participants in the Multiethnic Cohort Study with prediagnostic urine samples assayed for 6-sulfatoxymelatonin, the primary melatonin metabolite. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine the association between melatonin levels and the development of prostate cancer outcomes (all incident cases, advanced, lethal, high-grade, and aggressive), overall and by race/ethnicity. Results: Among 1,263 cases, 135 were advanced stage, 101 were lethal cases, and 282 were high-grade disease. Median melatonin levels were similar in controls [17.12 ng/mL; interquartile range (IQR), 19.78] and cases (17.93 ng/mL; IQR, 19.76), and we found no significant association between urinary melatonin levels and prostate cancer risk overall or in any clinical or racial subgroup. Conclusions: In this diverse cohort, there was no significant association between melatonin and any prostate cancer outcome, nor were there any differences by racial/ethnic group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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88. Statin Use Is Associated with Lower Risk of PTEN-Null and Lethal Prostate Cancer

Author

Allott, Emma H., primary, Ebot, Ericka M., additional, Stopsack, Konrad H., additional, Gonzalez-Feliciano, Amparo G., additional, Markt, Sarah C., additional, Wilson, Kathryn M., additional, Ahearn, Thomas U., additional, Gerke, Travis A., additional, Downer, Mary K., additional, Rider, Jennifer R., additional, Freedland, Stephen J., additional, Lotan, Tamara L., additional, Kantoff, Philip W., additional, Platz, Elizabeth A., additional, Loda, Massimo, additional, Stampfer, Meir J., additional, Giovannucci, Edward, additional, Sweeney, Christopher J., additional, Finn, Stephen P., additional, and Mucci, Lorelei A., additional

Published
2020
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89. Causes and patterns of mortality in patients with lethal germ cell tumor (GCT).

Author

Hamid, Anis, primary, Funt, Samuel Aaron, additional, Markt, Sarah C., additional, Bromberg, Maria, additional, O'Donnell, Devon, additional, Adra, Nabil, additional, Taza, Fadi, additional, Albany, Costantine, additional, Krailo, Mark D., additional, Frazier, A. Lindsay, additional, Einhorn, Lawrence H., additional, Feldman, Darren R., additional, and Sweeney, Christopher, additional

Published
2020
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91. Recommended Definitions of Aggressive Prostate Cancer for Etiologic Epidemiologic Research.

Author

Hurwitz, Lauren M, Agalliu, Ilir, Albanes, Demetrius, Barry, Kathryn Hughes, Berndt, Sonja I, Cai, Qiuyin, Chen, Chu, Cheng, Iona, Genkinger, Jeanine M, Giles, Graham G, Huang, Jiaqi, Joshu, Corinne E, Key, Tim J, Knutsen, Synnove, Koutros, Stella, Langseth, Hilde, Li, Sherly X, MacInnis, Robert J, Markt, Sarah C, and Penney, Kathryn L

Subjects
PROSTATE cancer, CANCER diagnosis, PROSTATE-specific antigen, ETIOLOGY of cancer, GLEASON grading system, RESEARCH, PREDICTIVE tests, RESEARCH methodology, PROSTATE, EVALUATION research, TUMOR classification, COMPARATIVE studies, RESEARCH funding, PROSTATE tumors, TUMOR grading
Abstract

Background: In the era of widespread prostate-specific antigen testing, it is important to focus etiologic research on the outcome of aggressive prostate cancer, but studies have defined this outcome differently. We aimed to develop an evidence-based consensus definition of aggressive prostate cancer using clinical features at diagnosis for etiologic epidemiologic research.Methods: Among prostate cancer cases diagnosed in 2007 in the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-18 database with follow-up through 2017, we compared the performance of categorizations of aggressive prostate cancer in discriminating fatal prostate cancer within 10 years of diagnosis, placing the most emphasis on sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV).Results: In our case population (n = 55 900), 3073 men died of prostate cancer within 10 years. Among 12 definitions that included TNM staging and Gleason score, sensitivities ranged from 0.64 to 0.89 and PPVs ranged from 0.09 to 0.23. We propose defining aggressive prostate cancer as diagnosis of category T4 or N1 or M1 or Gleason score of 8 or greater prostate cancer, because this definition had one of the higher PPVs (0.23, 95% confidence interval = 0.22 to 0.24) and reasonable sensitivity (0.66, 95% confidence interval = 0.64 to 0.67) for prostate cancer death within 10 years. Results were similar across sensitivity analyses.Conclusions: We recommend that etiologic epidemiologic studies of prostate cancer report results for this definition of aggressive prostate cancer. We also recommend that studies separately report results for advanced category (T4 or N1 or M1), high-grade (Gleason score ≥8), and fatal prostate cancer. Use of this comprehensive set of endpoints will facilitate comparison of results from different studies and help elucidate prostate cancer etiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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93. A Prospective Study of the Association between Physical Activity and Risk of Prostate Cancer Defined by Clinical Features and TMPRSS2:ERG

Author

Pernar, Claire H., primary, Ebot, Ericka M., additional, Pettersson, Andreas, additional, Graff, Rebecca E., additional, Giunchi, Francesca, additional, Ahearn, Thomas U., additional, Gonzalez-Feliciano, Amparo G., additional, Markt, Sarah C., additional, Wilson, Kathryn M., additional, Stopsack, Konrad H., additional, Gazeeva, Elizaveta, additional, Lis, Rosina T., additional, Parmigiani, Giovanni, additional, Rimm, Eric B., additional, Finn, Stephen P., additional, Giovannucci, Edward L., additional, Fiorentino, Michelangelo, additional, and Mucci, Lorelei A., additional

Published
2019
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94. Body fat distribution on computed tomography imaging and prostate cancer risk and mortality in the AGES‐Reykjavik study

Author

Dickerman, Barbra A., primary, Torfadottir, Johanna E., additional, Valdimarsdottir, Unnur A., additional, Giovannucci, Edward, additional, Wilson, Kathryn M., additional, Aspelund, Thor, additional, Tryggvadottir, Laufey, additional, Sigurdardottir, Lara G., additional, Harris, Tamara B., additional, Launer, Lenore J., additional, Gudnason, Vilmundur, additional, Markt, Sarah C., additional, and Mucci, Lorelei A., additional

Published
2019
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95. Baseline Prostate-specific Antigen Level in Midlife and Aggressive Prostate Cancer in Black Men

Author

Preston, Mark A., primary, Gerke, Travis, additional, Carlsson, Sigrid V., additional, Signorello, Lisa, additional, Sjoberg, Daniel D., additional, Markt, Sarah C., additional, Kibel, Adam S., additional, Trinh, Quoc-Dien, additional, Steinwandel, Mark, additional, Blot, William, additional, Vickers, Andrew J., additional, Lilja, Hans, additional, Mucci, Lorelei A., additional, and Wilson, Kathryn M., additional

Published
2019
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98. Midlife metabolic factors and prostate cancer risk in later life

Author

Dickerman, Barbra A., Torfadottir, Johanna E., Valdimarsdottir, Unnur A., Wilson, Kathryn M., Steingrimsdottir, Laufey, Aspelund, Thor, Batista, Julie L., Fall, Katja, Giovannucci, Edward, Sigurdardottir, Lara G., Tryggvadottir, Laufey, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Markt, Sarah C., and Mucci, Lorelei A.

Subjects
Adult, Male, Metabolic Syndrome, Iceland, Prostate, Prostatic Neoplasms, Blood Pressure, Middle Aged, Article, Body Mass Index, Cohort Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Risk Factors, Hypertension, Humans, Prospective Studies, Neoplasm Grading, Triglycerides, Neoplasm Staging
Abstract

Metabolic syndrome is associated with several cancers, but evidence for aggressive prostate cancer is sparse. We prospectively investigated the influence of metabolic syndrome and its components on risk of total prostate cancer and measures of aggressive disease in a cohort of Icelandic men. Men in the Reykjavik Study (n=9,097, enrolled 1967–1987) were followed for incident (n=1,084 total; n=378 advanced; n=148 high-grade) and fatal (n=340) prostate cancer until 2014. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for (1) measured metabolic factors at cohort entry (body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose) and (2) a metabolic syndrome score (range 0–4) combining the risk factors: BMI ≥30 kg/m(2); systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥130 or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥85 mmHg or taking anti-hypertensives; triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl; fasting blood glucose ≥100 mg/dL or self-reported type 2 diabetes. Hypertension and type 2 diabetes were associated with a higher risk of total, advanced, high-grade, and fatal prostate cancer, independent of BMI. Neither BMI nor triglycerides was associated with prostate cancer risk. Higher metabolic syndrome score (3–4 vs. 0) was associated with a higher risk of fatal prostate cancer (HR 1.55; 95% CI: 0.89, 2.69; p-trend=0.08), although this finding was not statistically significant. Our findings suggest a positive association between midlife hypertension and diabetes and risk of total and aggressive prostate cancer. Further, metabolic syndrome as a combination of factors was associated with an increased risk of fatal prostate cancer.

Published
2017

99. Snus use, smoking and survival among prostate cancer patients

Author

Wilson, Kathryn M., Markt, Sarah C., Fang, Fang, Nordenvall, Caroline, Rider, Jennifer R., Ye, Weimin, Adami, Hans-Olov, Stattin, Pär, Nyrén, Olof, and Mucci, Lorelei A.

Subjects
Aged, 80 and over, Male, Sweden, Tobacco, Smokeless, Smoking, Prostatic Neoplasms, Middle Aged, Article, Humans, Prospective Studies, Registries, Mortality, Aged, Follow-Up Studies, Proportional Hazards Models
Abstract

Smoking is associated with prostate cancer mortality. The Scandinavian smokeless tobacco product snus is a source of nicotine but not the combustion products of smoke, and has not been studied with respect to prostate cancer survival. The study is nested among 9,582 men with incident prostate cancer within a prospective cohort of 336,381 Swedish construction workers. Information on tobacco use was collected at study entry between 1971 and 1992, and categorized into (1) never users of any tobacco, (2) exclusive snus: ever users of snus only, (3) exclusive smokers: ever smokers (cigarette, cigar, and/or pipe) only, and (4) ever users of both snus and smoking. Hazard ratios for prostate cancer-specific and total mortality for smoking and snus use based on Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, calendar period at diagnosis, and body mass index at baseline. During 36 years of follow-up, 4,758 patients died – 2,489 due to prostate cancer. Compared to never users of tobacco, exclusive smokers were at increased risk of prostate cancer mortality (HR 1.15, 95% CI: 1.05-1.27) and total mortality (HR 1.17, 95% CI: 1.09-1.26). Exclusive snus users also had increased risks for prostate cancer mortality (HR 1.24, 95% CI: 1.03-1.49) and total mortality (HR 1.19, 95% CI: 1.04-1.37). Among men diagnosed with non-metastatic disease, the HR for prostate cancer death among exclusive snus users was 3.17 (95% CI: 1.66-6.06). The study is limited by a single assessment of tobacco use prior to diagnosis. Snus use was associated with increased risks of prostate cancer and total mortality among prostate cancer patients. This suggests that tobacco-related components such as nicotine or tobacco-specific carcinogens may promote cancer progression independent of tobacco's combustion products.

Published
2016

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