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Species radiations have long fascinated biologists, but the contribution of adaptation to observed diversity and speciation is still an open question. Here, we explore this question using the clove genus, Syzygium, the world’s largest genus of tree species comprising approximately 1200 species. We dissect Syzygium diversity through shotgun sequencing of 182 distinct species and 58 additional as-yet unidentified taxa, and assess their genetic diversity against a chromosome-level reference genome of the sea apple, Syzygium grande. We show that Syzygium grande shares a whole genome duplication (WGD) event with other Myrtales. Genomic analyses confirm that Syzygium originated in Sahul (Australia-New Guinea), and later diversified eastward to the Hawaiian Islands and westward in multiple independent migration events. The migrations were associated with bursts of speciation events, visible by poorly resolved branches on phylogenies and networks, some of which were likely confounded by incomplete lineage sorting. Clinal genomic variation in some sublineages follows phylogenetic progression, which coupled with sympatric occurrences of distantly related species suggests that both geographic and ecological speciation have been important in the diversification of Syzygium. Together, these results point to a mixture of both neutral and adaptive drivers having contributed to the radiation of the genus.

Background and Aims Delineating closely related and morphologically similar species is difficult. Here, we integrate morphology, genetics, ploidy and geography to resolve species and subspecies boundaries in four trees of section Costatae (genus Betula): Betula ashburneri, B. costata, B. ermanii and B. utilis, as well as multiple subspecies and polyploid races. Methods We genotyped 371 individuals (20–133 per species) from 51 populations at 15 microsatellite markers, as well as a subset of individuals, using restriction-site associated DNA sequencing and nuclear internal transcribed spacers. We determined the ploidy level of eight individuals using flow cytometry and characterized leaf variation for a subset of 109 individuals by morphometric analysis. Key Results Integration of multiple lines of evidence suggested a series of revisions to the taxonomy of section Costatae. Betula costata and B. ermanii were found to be valid. Molecular and leaf morphology analyses revealed little differentiation between diploid B. albosinensis and some samples of B. utilis ssp. utilis. By contrast, other B. utilis ssp. utilis samples and ssp. albosinensis formed a morphological continuum but differed based on genetics. Specifically, B. utilis ssp. albosinensis was divided into two groups with group I genetically similar to B. utilis ssp. utilis and group II, a distinct cluster, proposed as the new diploid species Betula buggsii sp. nov. Phylogenomic analysis based on 2285 620 single nucleotide polymorphisms identified a well-supported monophyletic clade of B. buggsii. Morphologically, B. buggsii is characterized by elongated lenticels and a distinct pattern of bark peeling and may be geographically restricted to the Qinling–Daba Mountains. Conclusions Our integrated approach identifies six taxa within section Costatae: B. ashburneri, B. buggsii, B. costata, B. utilis ssp. utilis, B. utilis ssp. albosinensis and B. ermanii. Our research demonstrates the value of an integrative approach using morphological, geographical, genetic and ploidy-level data for species delineation.

SummaryWe revise and update the records of strict and near-endemic species of the Bali Ngemba Forest Reserve, the largest known surviving patch (c. 8 km2in area) of submontane or cloud forest in the Bamenda Highlands, Cameroon which have lost >96 % of their original forest due to human activities. Nine strict endemics, and 11 near endemics are now documented, a drop from the number recorded after the first survey in 2004, since when five of the provisionally named species have been formally published.We test the hypothesis that a further one of the provisionally named putative Bali Ngemba new species,Veprissp. A, an 8 – 20 m tall tree from cloud forest in the 1310 – 1600 m altitudinal band, is indeed new to science. We compare it morphologically with other multicarpellate, apocarpous, trifoliolate Cameroon tree species formerly placed in the genusOriciaPierre until they were subsumed intoVeprisby Mziray (1992). These areVepris trifoliolata(Engl.) Mziray andV. gabonensis(Pierre) Mziray. We conclude thatVeprissp. A is a new undescribed species here named asVepris onanae. The new species is illustrated, mapped and its conservation status assessed as Endangered using the 2012 IUCN standard due to the threats of habitat clearance from agricultural pressures at its three locations all of which remain formally unprotected.Vepris onanaeappears unique among the Guineo-Congolian African oricioid species ofVeprisin occurring in cloud forest, the other species, apart fromV. renieriiof the Albertine Rift, occurring in lowland forest. It also differs in the very broad, (7.8 –) 11.3 – 18 cm wide leaflets of the flowering stems which have a 6-18(−30) mm long, narrowly triangular acumen (vs leaflets We report for the first time on stage-dependent leaf heteromorphy inVeprisand characterise a level of sexual dimorphism more advanced than usual in the genus.We highlight the importance of protecting Bali Ngemba and other forest patches in the Bamenda Highlands if species such asVepris onanaeare not soon to become extinct.

Continuing a survey of the chemistry of species of the largely continental African genus

Continuing a survey of the chemistry of species of the largely continental African genusVepris, we investigate a species previously referred to asVeprissp. 1 of Congo. From the leaves ofVeprissp. 1 we report six compounds. The compounds were three furoquinoline alkaloids, kokusaginine(1), maculine(2), and flindersiamine(3), two acridone alkaloids, arborinine(4)and 1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-10-methylacridone(5), and the triterpenoid, ß-amyrin(6). Compounds1-4are commonly isolated from otherVeprisspecies, compound5has been reported before once, from MalagasyVepris pilosa, while this is the first report of ß-amyrin fromVepris. This combination of compounds has never before been reported from any species ofVepris. We test the hypothesis thatVeprissp.1 is new to science and formally describe it asVepris teva, unique in the genus in that the trifoliolate leaves are subsessile, with the median petiolule far exceeding the petiole in length. Similar fleshy-leathery 4-locular syncarpous fruits are otherwise only known in the genus inVepris glaberrima(formerly the monotypic genusOriciopsisEngl.), a potential sister species, but requiring further investigation to confirm this phylogenetic position. We briefly characterise the unusual and poorly documented Atlantic coast equatorial ecosystem, whereVepris tevais restricted to evergreen thicket on white sand, unusual in a genus usually confine to evergreen forest. This endemic-rich ecosystem with a unique amphibian as well as plants, extends along the coastline from the mouth of the Congo River to southern Rio Muni, a distance of about 1000 km, traversing five countries. We map and illustrateVepris tevaand assess its extinction risk as Endangered (EN B1ab(iii)+B2ab(iii)) using the IUCN standard. Only three locations are known, and threats include port and oil refinery construction and associated activities, with only one protected location, the Jane Goodall Institute’s Tchimpounga Reserve. Initial evidence indicates that the seeds ofVepris tevaare dispersed by chimpanzees, previously unreported in the genus

SummaryWe revise and update the records of strict and near-endemic species of Mt Kupe, Cameroon respectively from 31 strict endemics in 2004, to 25 today, and with near-endemic species 30, unchanged in number but with turnover. The changes result from new collections, discoveries and taxonomic changes in the last 16 years. While 15 of the provisionally named putative endemic species have now been formally published, a further 18 have not. The majority of the 30 near-endemic species (18) are shared with the adjacent Bakossi Mts, far exceeding the numbers shared with the more distant Mt Etinde-Mt Cameroon, Rumpi Hills and Ebo forest areas (sharing three near-endemic species each with Mt Kupe). We test the hypothesis that a further one of the provisionally named putative Mt Kupe species,Veprissp. 1 from submontane forest near the summit, is indeed new to science. We compare it morphologically with the two other bicarpellate high altitude Cameroon Highland tree speciesVepris montisbambutensisOnana andVepris baliCheek, concluding that it is a new undescribed species here named asVepris zapfackii. The new species is illustrated, mapped and its conservation status assessed as Critically Endangered using the 2012 IUCN standard due to habitat clearance from agricultural pressures at its sole location which is unprotected.Vepris zapfackiiandV. baliappear unique in African trifoliolate species of the genus in having opposite leaves.Vepris zapfackiidiffers in having hairy petiolules and midribs and petiolules with the blade decurrent distally, narrowing towards a winged-canaliculate base (vs glabrous and petiolule long, terete), and sparsely golden hairy pistillodes and a glabrous calyx (vs densely black hairy pistillodes, and sepals hairy).

The achlorophyllous mycotroph Afrothismia kupensis (Thismiaceae), formerly misidentified either as A. pachyantha or as A. gesnerioides, is described from Mt Kupe in South West Region, Cameroon and assessed as Critically Endangered using the IUCN (2012) categories and criteria. It is threatened by forest clearance due to small-holder agriculture. Mt Kupe, with four of the 16 described species of Afrothismia, three of which are site endemics, is now the most species-diverse location known globally for the genus. Observations of floral visitors over seven days resulted in the identification of the likely pollinator as being females of an unknown species of Phoridae (scuttle fly) probably of the genus Megaselia. This is the first record of pollination known in the Thismiaceae, and may represent a mutualism between plant and animal partners.

SummaryA new genus, Lukea Gosline & Cheek (Annonaceae), is erected for two new species to science, Lukea quentinii Cheek & Gosline from Kaya Ribe, S.E. Kenya, and Lukea triciae Cheek & Gosline from the Udzungwa Mts, Tanzania. Lukea is characterised by a flattened circular bowl-shaped receptacle-calyx with a corolla of three petals that give the buds and flowers a unique appearance in African Annonaceae. Both species are extremely rare shrubs of small surviving areas of lowland evergreen forest under threat of habitat degradation and destruction and are provisionally assessed as Critically Endangered and Endangered respectively using the IUCN 2012 standard. Both species are illustrated and mapped. Material of the two species had formerly been considered to be possibly Uvariopsis Engl. & Diels, and the genus Lukea is placed in the Uvariopsis clade of the Monodoreae (consisting of the African genera Uvariodendron (Engl. & Diels) R.E.Fries, Uvariopsis, Mischogyne Exell, Dennettia Bak.f., and Monocyclanthus Keay).The clade is characterised by often conspicuous, finely reticulate quaternary nervation and incomplete or absent connective shields (in Annonaceae the connective shield is usually complete). Morphologically Lukea is distinct for its broad, turbinate, fleshy pedicel, a synapomorphy. It appears closest to the West African monotypic Monocyclanthus, sharing a trait unusual in the Annonaceae: the calyx in both genera forms a shallow bowl (calyx lobes are absent or vestigial), barely enclosing the base of the petals at anthesis, and persisting as a living, leathery disc at least until the fruit is mature. The placement of Lukea within the Uvariopsis clade is discussed.

SummaryA new species to science of evergreen forest tree,Uvariopsis ebo(Annonaceae) is described, illustrated, mapped, and compared morphologically with the other cauliflorous species of the genus. Restricted so far to a single site in evergreen lowland forest in the Ebo Forest, Yabassi, Littoral Region, Cameroon, this species is Critically Endangered using the IUCN 2012 standard, because the forest habitat of this species remains unprotected, and there exists threats of logging and conversion to plantations. This species adds to the growing list of threatened species resulting from anthropogenic pressure on Cameroon forests. Observations on the unusual corolla structure of the new species are made. A revised key to the 14 Cameroonian species ofUvariopsisis presented. Notes are given on other narrowly endemic and threatened species in the Ebo forest area, a highly threatened centre of diversity in Littoral Region, globally important for conservation.

SummaryA new species to science of evergreen forest shrub, Kupeantha yabassi (Coffeeae - Rubiaceae), is described, illustrated, mapped, and compared morphologically with the closely similar species K. pentamera. Restricted so far to a single site in evergreen lowland forest near the Ebo Forest, Yabassi, Littoral Region, Cameroon, this species is Critically Endangered using the IUCN 2012 standard due to habitat clearance driven mainly by agriculture, adding to the growing list of threatened species resulting from anthropogenic pressure on Cameroon forests. A revised key to the six species of Kupeantha is presented. Two distinct geographical and ecological species groupings within the genus are identified and discussed. Notes are given on other narrowly endemic and threatened species in the Ebo forest area, a threatened centre of diversity important for conservation in Littoral Region.

The genus Chassalia (Gentianales: Rubiaceae-Palicoureeae) in Borneo is revised based on a morphological survey of herbarium specimens using classical taxonomic methods. The tribal placement and probable paraphyly of Chassalia as currently delimited is reviewed. Previously, four described species of Chassalia were known from Borneo, with only one endemic species, Chassalia psychotriformis I.M.Turner nom. nov. (≡ Cephaelis psychotrioides Valeton). A key is given to the 18 species of the genus recognised from Borneo in this study. In total, 14 new species are described, all of them endemic to Borneo. These are: Chassalia atropurpurea T.Y.Yu sp. nov., Chassalia beamanii T.Y.Yu sp. nov., Chassalia calamus T.Y.Yu sp. nov., Chassalia chewii T.Y.Yu sp. nov., Chassalia involucrata T.Y.Yu sp. nov., Chassalia kinabaluensis T.Y.Yu sp. nov., Chassalia lancifolia T.Y.Yu sp. nov., Chassalia lancifolioides T.Y.Yu sp. nov., Chassalia longipes T.Y.Yu sp. nov., Chassalia macrocarpa T.Y.Yu sp. nov., Chassalia muluensis T.Y.Yu sp. nov., Chassalia muscicola T.Y.Yu sp. nov., Chassalia northiana T.Y.Yu sp. nov. and Chassalia ramosa T.Y.Yu sp. nov. Circumscriptions and discussions are given for all Bornean species recognised. A morphological glossary for Asian species of Chassalia is provided. Three separate species groups are recognised, the Chassalia curviflora and C. javanica groups, represented by a single species each in Borneo, and a new informal group, the ‘Involucrate group’, which is proposed and circumscribed to encompass the majority (16) of the Bornean species. Proposals for further work on Asian Chassalia are given.

SummaryThe spectacular new species with horticultural potential described in this paper, Hibiscus hareyae L.A.J.Thomson & Cheek, was identified during an assessment of online digitised botanical specimens of H. schizopetalus (Dyer) Hook.f. as part of a review of species in Hibiscus sect. Lilibiscus Hochr. A short updated description and delimitation of the horticulturally important sect. Lilibiscus is presented. Flowering and fruiting specimens of Hibiscus hareyae are readily distinguished from H. schizopetalus by their short (0.4 – 2 (– 4.5) cm long, non-articulated peduncle-pedicels vs (6 –) 8 – 11 (– 14) cm long, articulated peduncle-pedicels, and larger, broader epicalyx bracts (1.5 – 4 × 1 – 1.2 mm vs 0.6 – 1.5 × 0.1 – 0.3 (– 0.5) mm), the epicalyx forming a shallow cup 0.5 – 1 × 2 – 3 mm vs bracts appearing free. The absence of an articulation of the peduncle-pedicel of H. hareyae is unique within sect. Lilibiscus. The species is also well-marked from H. schizopetalus by other morphological differences in corolla and foliage, and in ecology and geography. Hibiscus hareyae has a restricted natural distribution as an element in deciduous coastal thicket, usually on coral rag formations, sometimes in or near mangrove, in Lindi Province, southern Tanzania. It ranges from the Indian Ocean coast to as much as 20 km inland, from about 8.5oS to 10oS (c. 140 × 20 km) and is assessed as Vulnerable (VU B2ab(iii)). Hibiscus hareyae has high ornamental potential but is unknown in cultivation.

We test the hypothesis that the tree species previously known as Deinbollia sp. 2. is a new species for science. We formally characterise and name this species as Deinbollia onanae (Sapindaceae-Litchi clade) and we discuss it in the context of the assemblage of montane tree species in the Cameroon Highlands of West-Central Africa. The new species is a shade-bearing, non-pioneer understorey forest tree species reaching 15 m high and a trunk diameter that can attain over 40 cm at 1.3 m above the ground. Seed dispersal has been recorded by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes ellioti) and by putty-nose monkeys (Cercopithecus nictitans) and the species is used by chimpanzees for nesting. Cameroon has the highest species-diversity and species endemism known in this African-Western Indian Ocean genus of 42, mainly lowland species. Deinbollia onanae is an infrequent tree species known from six locations in surviving islands of montane (sometimes also upper submontane) forest along the line of the Cameroon Highlands, including one at Ngel Nyaki in Mambilla, Nigeria. Deinbollia onanae is here assessed as Endangered according to the IUCN 2012 standard, threatened by severe fragmentation of its mountain forest habitat due to extensive and ongoing clearance for agriculture. The majority of the 28 tree species of montane forest (above 2000 m alt.) in the Cameroon Highlands are also widespread in East African mountains (i.e. are Afromontane wide). Deinbollia onanae is one of only seven species known to be endemic (globally restricted to) these highlands. It is postulated that this new species is morphologically closest to Deinbollia oreophila, a frequent species at a lower (submontane) altitudinal band of the same range. Detailed ecological data on Deinbollia onanae from the Nigerian location, Ngel Nyaki, where it has been known under the name Deinbollia “pinnata”, is reviewed.

Deinbollia onanae (Sapindaceae-Litchi clade) is here formally named and characterised as a new species to science, previously known as Deinbollia sp. 2. Cameroon has the highest species-diversity and species endemism known in this African-Western Indian Ocean genus of 42 species. Deinbollia onanae is an infrequent tree species known from five locations in surviving islands of montane (or upper submontane) forest along the line of the Cameroon Highlands. It is here assessed as Endangered according to the IUCN 2012 standard, threatened mainly by clearance of forest for agriculture. The majority of tree species characteristic of montane forest (above 2000 m alt.) in the Cameroon Highlands are also widespread in East African mountains (i.e. are Afromontane). Deinbollia onanae is one of only a very small number of species that are endemic (globally restricted to) the mountain range. It is postulated that this new species is in a sister relationship with Deinbollia oreophila, which is a frequent species of a lower (submontane) altitudinal band of the same range. It is further postulated that seed dispersal is or was by frugivorous birds, potentially turacos, alternatively by primates such as Preuss s monkey.

This is the first revision in nearly 130 years of the African genusPseudohydrosme, formerly considered endemic to Gabon. Sister toAnchomanes, Pseudohydrosmeis distinct fromAnchomanesbecause of its 2–3-locular ovary (not unilocular), peduncle concealed by cataphylls at anthesis and far shorter than the spathe (not exposed, far exceeding the spathe), stipitate fruits and viviparous (vegetatively apomictic) roots (not sessile, roots non-viviparous). Three species, one new to science, are recognised, in two sections. Although doubt has previously been cast on the value of recognisingPseudohydrosme buettneri, of Gabon, it is here accepted and maintained as a distinct species in the monotypic section,Zyganthera. However, it is considered to be probably globally extinct.Pseudohydrosme gabunensis, type species of the genus, also Gabonese, is maintained in Sect.Pseudohydrosmetogether withPseudohydrosme ebo sp.nov. of the Ebo Forest, Littoral, Cameroon, the first addition to the genus since the nineteenth century, and which extends the range of the genus 450 km north from Gabon, into the Cross-Sanaga biogeographic area. The discovery ofPseudohydrosme eboresulted from a series of surveys for conservation management in Cameroon, and triggered this paper. All three species ofPseudohydrosmeare morphologically characterised, their habitat and biogeography discussed, and their extinction risks are respectively assessed as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct), Endangered and Critically Endangered using the IUCN standard. Clearance of forest habitat for logging, followed by agriculture or urbanisation are major threats. One of the species may occur in a formally protected areas and is also cultivated widely but infrequently in Europe and the USA for its spectacular inflorescences.

Nepenthes maximoidessp. nov. (Sect.Alatae) is described and assessed as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) from Luzon, Philippines and appears unrecorded in 110 years. The spectacular, large, narrowly funnel-shaped upper pitchers, lids with recurved basal and filiform apical appendages, unlike any other species in the Philippines, closely resemble those ofN. maxima(Sect.Regiae) of Sulawesi–New Guinea, likely due to convergent evolution. Following recent phylogenomic analysis, sect.Alataeis divided into two, Sect.Alatae sensu strictoof Luzon to Sibuyan (includingN. maximoides), and Sect.Micramphorae, expanded and recircumscribed to encompass those species of the southern Visayas, and Mindanao. A key is provided to the six species now recognised in the newly narrowly recircumscribed Sect.Alatae. The number ofNepenthesspecies recorded from Luzon has increased from two in 2001, to eight in 2020, all but one of which are endemic to that island, and four of which appear to be point endemics.

Societal Impact Statement Research and publication of the planet's remaining plant and fungal species as yet unknown to science is essential if we are to address the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 15 “Life on Land” which includes the protection of terrestrial ecosystems and halting of biodiversity loss. If species are not known to science, they cannot be assessed on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species and so the possibility to protect them from extinction is reduced. Furthermore, until species are known to science they cannot be fully scientifically evaluated for their potential as new foods, medicines, and products which would help address SDGs 1,2,3, and 8. Summary Scientific discovery, including naming new taxa, is important because without a scientific name, a species is invisible to science and the possibilities of researching its ecology, applications and threats, and conserving it, are greatly reduced. We review new scientific discoveries in the plant and fungal kingdoms, based largely on new names of taxa published in 2019 and indexed in the International Plant Names Index and Index Fungorum. Numbers of new species in both kingdoms were similar with 1942 new species of plant published and 1882 species of fungi. However, while >50% of plant species have likely been discovered, >90% of fungi remain unknown. This gulf likely explains the greater number of higher order taxa for fungi published in 2019: three classes, 18 orders, 48 families and 214 genera versus one new family and 87 new genera for plants. We compare the kingdoms in terms of rates of scientific discovery, globally and in different taxonomic groups and geographic areas, and with regard to the use of DNA in discovery. We review species new to science, especially those of interest to humanity as new products, and also by life‐form. We consider where future such discoveries can be expected. We recommend an urgent increase in investment in scientific discovery of plant and fungal species, while they still survive. Priorities include more investment in training taxonomists, in building and equipping collections‐based research centers for them, especially in species‐rich, income‐poor countries where the bulk of species as yet unknown to science are thought to occur.

SummaryThree new species of Inversodicraea (Podostemaceae), I. senei from the Memv’ele falls of the Ntem River, Cameroon, I. tanzaniensis from the Ruhudji River near Lupembe, Southern Highlands, Tanzania, and I. botswana from the Kasane rapids on the Chobe River, Botswana, are described and illustrated. All three species are known from single sites. All three are assessed as Critically Endangered using the IUCN standard. With 35 species, Inversodicraea is the most species-diverse genus of Podostemaceae in continental Africa, to which it is endemic. Four species of Inversodicraea are now known to be sympatric and point endemics at Memv’ele Falls in Cameroon where a hydro-electric dam is being constructed, threatening them with global extinction. Equally, I. tanzaniensis is threatened by proposed hydro-electric projects in Tanzania. In contrast, I. botswana is threatened by sewage discharge and also by bridge construction.

Nepenthes maximoides sp. nov. (Sect.Alatae) is described and assessed as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) from Luzon, Philippines and appears unrecorded in 110 years. The spectacular, large, narrowly funnel-shaped upper pitchers, lids with recurved basal, and filiform apical appendages, unlike any other species in the Philippines, closely resemble those ofN. maxima(Sect.Regiae) of Sulawesi-New Guinea, likely due to convergent evolution. Following recent phylogenomic analysis, sect.Alataeis divided into two, Sect.Alatae sensu strictoof Luzon to Sibuyan (includingN. maximoides), and Sect.Micramphorae, expanded and recircumscribed to encompass those species of the southern Visayas, and Mindanao. A key is provided to the six species now recognised in the narrowly recircumscribed Sect.Alatae. The number ofNepenthesspecies recorded from Luzon has increased from two in 2001, to eight in 2020, all but one of which are endemic to that island, and four of which appear to be point endemics.

SaxicolellaEngl., an African genus of the waterfall specialist plant family Podostemaceae, was shown to be polyphyletic as currently delimited. One clade, sampled from species in Ghana, is sister to AmericanCeratolacis(Tul.)Wedd.,PodostemumMichx. and all Old World Podostemoideae (podostemoids). The second clade, sampled from Cameroonian material, was embedded within the major clade of African podostemoids. In this paper the generic nomenclature applied toSaxicolellasensu lato (Saxicolella, PohliellaEngl., AuleaLebrun & Stork nom. inval.), is reviewed and the morphological support for the two clades and their correct generic names is determined.Pohliellais shown to be the correct name for the first clade (based onPohliella laciniataEngl., Cameroon) and a synoptic treatment of its three published species is given, one of which is extinct, and two are threatened. However, a fourth, unpublished species exists. The new combinationsPohliella submersa(J.B.Hall) Cheek andPohliella amicorum(J.B. Hall) Cheek are made for the two published Ghanaian species. The recently described New World genusCipoiaC.T. Philbrick, Novelo & Irgang is revealed as being morphologically identical toPohliella, but in view of the geographical disjunction, confirmation from molecular evidence is awaited before its two species are also transferred toPohliella. The correct name for the second clade, embedded in African podostemoids, isSaxicolella(sensu stricto), now with two known species,Saxicolella nanaEngl. (type ofSaxicolella,Cameroon) andSaxicolella flabellata(G.Taylor) C. Cusset (Nigeria).

To achieve conservation success, we need to support the recovery of threatened species. Yet, in situ and ex situ and then to support their recovery. We document the approach used to assemble the Species Conservation Action Plans, and we discuss the importance of having up to date field information, IUCN Red List assessments, and use of a collaborative approach. The need for these plans is increasingly important with recent calculations suggesting a third of African plants are threatened with extinction. This paper outlines initial detailed plant conservation planning in Guinea and offers a template for conservation practitioners in other tropical African countries to follow.

Background and aims – This paper reports a further discovery in the context of a long-term botanical survey in the Cross River-Sanaga interval of west-central Africa, focussing on species discovery and conservation.Methods – Normal practices of herbarium taxonomy have been applied to study the material collected. The relevant collecting data are stored in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London. Key results – The growing number of endemic species being discovered from the Ebo forest of Cameroon points to the importance of its conservation. Palisota ebo Cheek (Commelinaceae) is described as an additional new species to science and is compared with P. flagelliflora Faden. Restricted so far to the Ebo Forest its conservation status is assessed as Critically Endangered (CR B1+2ab(iii)) according to the 2012 criteria of IUCN.

The history, taxonomic placement, relationships, mode of trapping and cultivation of Nepenthes dubia Danser, an epiphytic fly-eater from the cloud forests of the Bukit Barisan range of the west coast of Sumatra, are discussed. This is one of the eight species of Sect. Montanae Danser with ‘egg-cup’ like pitchers. A key is provided to the eight species and they are formally named as Nepenthes Sect. Montanae subsect. Poculae-ovis.

We classify Nepenthes species into 12 functional pitcher types, based on combinations of traits that appear to comprise different syndromes for capturing nutrients, usually from animals. For nine of these types the trapping syndromes are already documented, six targeting live animals (hence carnivorous), and three targeting other nutrient sources (non-carnivorous). Yet, for three pitcher types here is no previous documentation of the syndrome and we do not yet know what sources of nutrients are being targeted. Mapping all these pitcher types on the latest, near comprehensive species-level phylogenomic tree of Nepenthes (Murphy et al. 2019) shows that apart from the ancestral pitcher type 1, most of the remaining pitcher types have evolved independently, in different parts of the phylogenetic tree, usually in several different places. Each of the 12 pitcher types is characterised morphologically and illustrated, its trapping syndrome discussed, and example species are given. An identification key to the 12 pitcher types is presented. The possibility of additional pitcher types being present is discussed.

Nepenthaceae is one of the largest carnivorous plant families and features ecological and morphological adaptations indicating an impressive adaptive radiation. However, investigation of evolutionary and taxonomic questions is hindered by poor phylogenetic understanding, with previous molecular studies based on limited loci and taxa. We use high-throughput sequencing with a target-capture methodology based on a 353-loci, probe set to recover sequences for 197 samples, representing 151 described or putativeNepenthesspecies. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using supermatrix and maximum quartet species tree approaches. Our analyses confirm five Western outlier taxa, followed byN. danseri, as successively sister to the remainder of the group. We also find mostly consistent recovery of two major Southeast Asian clades. The first contains common or widespread lowland species plus a Wallacean–New Guinean clade. Within the second clade, sects.InsignesandTentaculataeare well supported, while geographically defined clades representing Sumatra, Indochina, Peninsular Malaysia, Palawan, Mindanao and Borneo are also consistently recovered. However, we find considerable conflicting signal at the site and locus level, and often unstable backbone relationships. A handful of Bornean taxa are inconsistently placed and require further investigation. We make further suggestions for a modified infra-generic classification of genusNepenthes.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-10T17:39:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-08-05 Royal Society International Exchanges Carlsberg Foundation Danish Research Council National Natural Science Foundation of China Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) US National Science Foundation National Parks Board, Singapore Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Synthesys Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Edinburgh Botanic Garden (Sibbald) Trust M. L. MacIntyre Begonia Trust Scottish Government's Rural and Environmental Science and Analytical Services Division New Guinea is the world's largest tropical island and has fascinated naturalists for centuries(1,2). Home to some of the best-preserved ecosystems on the planet(3)and to intact ecological gradients-from mangroves to tropical alpine grasslands-that are unmatched in the Asia-Pacific region(4,5), it is a globally recognized centre of biological and cultural diversity(6,7). So far, however, there has been no attempt to critically catalogue the entire vascular plant diversity of New Guinea. Here we present the first, to our knowledge, expert-verified checklist of the vascular plants of mainland New Guinea and surrounding islands. Our publicly available checklist includes 13,634 species (68% endemic), 1,742 genera and 264 families-suggesting that New Guinea is the most floristically diverse island in the world. Expert knowledge is essential for building checklists in the digital era: reliance on online taxonomic resources alone would have inflated species counts by 22%. Species discovery shows no sign of levelling off, and we discuss steps to accelerate botanical research in the 'Last Unknown'(8). A catalogue of the vascular flora of New Guinea indicates that this island is the most floristically diverse in the world, and that 68% of the species identified are endemic to New Guinea. Royal Bot Gardens, London, England Nat Biodivers Ctr, Leiden, Netherlands Univ Michigan Herbarium, Ann Arbor, MI USA Univ Gottingen, Dept Systemat Biodivers & Evolut Plants, Albrecht von Haller Inst Plant Sci, Gottingen, Germany Royal Bot Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Aarhus, Denmark Univ Vermont, Dept Plant Biol, Pringle Herbarium, Burlington, VT USA Boise State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boise, ID 83725 USA Conservatoire & Jardin Bot Ville Geneve, Chambesy, Switzerland Univ Sydney, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia Natl Museum Nat & Sci, Dept Bot, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA New Guinea Binatang Res Ctr, Madang, Papua N Guinea Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Reg & Chinese Acad Sci, Guangxi Key Lab Plant Conservat & Restorat Ecol K, Guangxi Inst Bot, Guilin, Peoples R China Papua New Guinea Univ Technol, Lae, Papua N Guinea Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Tres Lagoas Campus, Tres Lagoas, Brazil Royal Bot Garden Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Univ Papua, Fak Kehutanan, Manokwari, Indonesia Baden Penelitian & Pengembangan Daerah Prov Papua, Manokwari, Indonesia Missouri Bot Garden, St Louis, MO USA Papua New Guinea Forest Res Inst, Lae, Papua N Guinea Natl Bot Gardens Ireland, Glasnevin, Ireland Univ Zurich, Dept Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Zurich, Switzerland Forest Res Inst Malaysia, Kepong, Malaysia Nat Hist Museum, Dept Life Sci, London, England Univ Bonn, Nees Inst Biodivers Plants, Bonn, Germany Martin Luther Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Biol, Herbarium, Halle, Germany Natl Pk Board, Nat Plants Ctr, Singapore, Singapore Natl Pk Board, Singapore Bot Gardens, Singapore, Singapore Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen, Scotland Univ Philippines Manila, Coll Arts & Sci, Dept Biol, Manila, Philippines Kyoto Univ, Kyoto Univ Museum, Kyoto, Japan Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci, Rio Claro, Brazil Royal Bot Gardens Victoria, South Yarra, Vic, Australia Univ Melbourne, Sch BioSci, Parkville, Vic, Australia Univ Oxford, Dept Plant Sci, Oxford, England Queens Univ Belfast, Marine Lab, Portaferry, North Ireland Fern Res Fdn, Kerikeri, New Zealand Univ N Carolina, Wilmington, NC USA Museum New Zealand Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand Western Michigan Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Biol Vegetal, Vicosa, MG, Brazil Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Nat Sci, Dept Bot, Dublin, Ireland Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL USA CSIRO Land & Water, Floreat, WA, Australia Univ Western Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Crawley, WA, Australia Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Beijing, Peoples R China Univ Minnesota, Bell Museum, St Paul, MN 55108 USA Univ Glasgow, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland Chinese Acad Sci, Chengdu Inst Biol, Chengdu, Peoples R China Leiden Univ, Inst Biol Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands Univ Zurich, Dept Evolutionary Biol & Environm Studies, Zurich, Switzerland Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci, Rio Claro, Brazil Royal Society International Exchanges: IE 170241 National Natural Science Foundation of China: 31570307 CNPq: 153430/2018-4 US National Science Foundation: DEB-1457366 US National Science Foundation: DEB-1754667 US National Science Foundation: DEB-0515678 US National Science Foundation: DEB-0816749 US National Science Foundation: DEB-0841885 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: LE 1826/3-1 Synthesys: GB-TAF-6305 FAPESP: 2015/13112-7 FAPESP: 2018/09379-6

SummaryVepris verdoorniana(Rutaceae) has long been regarded as a widespread and variable species occurring from Guinea to Gabon. Recent evidence has shown that the original material from the type locality in Cameroon consists of two different species,V. verdoornianain the strict sense, endemic to Lower Guinea (Cameroon, Gabon and C.A.R. in W-C Africa) andV. letouzeyiOnana, which was thought to occur from Guinea to Cameroon. In this paper we show that the West African (Upper Guinea) material previously referred to asV. letouzeyi/V. verdoornianais separate morphologically from that in Cameroon (Lower Guinea). In fact the West African material referred to comprises two distinct species, here described asV. occidentalisCheek & Onana (Guinea to Ghana, but probably extending to Benin) a tree of lowland marginal dry evergreen and semi-deciduous forest, andV. ferCheek, a species restricted to four mainly lower submontane forest locations on iron substrates in Liberia and Sierra Leone (also Upper Guinea).Vepris occidentalisis here assessed as Least Concern due to its wide range and high frequency, whilstV. feris assessed as Endangered due to the low number of locations and threats from iron ore mining projects. Both new species are illustrated and mapped.

Summary Cola cheringoma is described from the limestone gorge forest of the Cheringoma Plateau in Sofala Province of Central Mozambique. Tentatively treated previously as C. clavata Mast., it differs in being restricted to limestone substrate, the leaves drying white-green below (not on sandy soils, drying dark grey-brown). The tepal number of female flowers is 5 (not (5 –) 6), staminode number 5 (not 8), and the indumentum of the outer perianth covers only 50 – 60% of the surface with two distinct hair classes (not 100% coverage with a single hair type). The species is assessed as EN B2ab(iii) using the IUCN 2012 standard due to threats from the low number of locations, quarrying, and habitat modification. The Cola species growing in forest on limestone in tropical Africa are mapped and reviewed with respect to their status as obligate or facultative calcicoles, and with respect to their probable evolutionary origin. Based on morphological characters, adaptation to limestone habitats has probably occurred at least four times in the genus. Forests on limestone are rare and threatened in tropical Africa: only thirteen locations are known with certainty: these occur in Kenya (10 locations), Tanzania (2 locations) and Mozambique (1 location).

Background and aimsThis paper reports a further discovery in the context of a long-term botanical survey in the Cross River-Sanaga interval of west-central Africa, focussing on species discovery and conservation.MethodsNormal practices of herbarium taxonomy have been applied to study the material collected. The relevant collections are stored in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London and at the Institute of Research in Agronomic Development – National Herbarium of Cameroon.Key resultsNew species to science continue to be discovered from the cloud (submontane) forests of the Cameroon Highlands in Cameroon. Most of these species are rare, highly localised, and threatened by habitat destruction. These discoveries increase the justification for improved conservation management of surviving habitat.Tricalysia elmarCheek (Coffeeae-Rubiaceae) is described as an additional species new to science and is compared with similar species of the genus. Restricted so far to four locations, Mt Kupe, Bali Ngemba, Lebialem and Nta Ali, its conservation status is assessed as Endangered (EN B1+2ab(iii)) according to the 2012 criteria of IUCN.

Species delineation and taxonomic status of three species of Coleus Lour. from the Guinean Highlands, West Africa, are discussed in the context of related taxa. A new species, C. ferricola Phillipson, O.Hooper & A.J.Paton, is found on iron-rich substrates. The related C. splendidus A.Chev. is recognised as a distinct species with C. djalonensis A.Chev. and C. peulhorum A.Chev. var. violacea A.Chev. placed in synonymy. The new combination, Coleus lateriticola (A.Chev.) Phillipson, O.Hooper & A.J.Paton, based on Solenostemon lateriticola A.Chev., but frequently treated at subspecific rank under Plectranthus monostachyus (P.Beauv.) B.J.Pollard, is established. These taxa are described and discussed, and distribution data, illustrations and IUCN Red List assessments are also provided.

SummaryMesanthemum is a genus comprising 16 species in the family Eriocaulaceae and is native to Africa and Madagascar. Eriocaulaceae are characterised by a basal tuft or rosette of narrow leaves and small flowers in heads. Mesanthemum can be recognised by diplostemonous flowers and fused glandular pistillate petals. While most Mesanthemum species are large perennial herbs, two small ephemeral species from West Africa, M. albidum and M. auratum differ from the rest of the genus by their shorter life cycle, smaller size, simpler floral structures and different seed surface patterning. A molecular phylogenetic study, morphological comparisons and scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination of seed coat sculpture were carried out to determine whether they should be separated as a new genus. The molecular results indicate that the two ephemeral species are nested in the Mesanthemum clade. However, they are not closely related to each other. All species of Mesanthemum are here revised, including the description of a new species M. alenicola from Equatorial Guinea. An identification key is provided, together with taxonomic descriptions, synonymy and notes. Images of the seeds as seen under SEM are provided where available. Lectotypifications are provided for Mesanthemum albidum, M. bennae, M. pilosum, M. prescottianum, M. pubescens and M. variabile. A neotype is selected for M. rutenbergianum, which is synonymised with M. pubescens.

A new species of Gymnosiphon Blume (Burmanniaceae), G. mayottensis Cheek, sp. nov. is formally described from Mount Benara and Mount Mtsapere on the island of Mayotte in the Comores. This is the first named species of the genus published from the Comoro Islands. The new species resembles G. longistylus (Benth.) Hutch. in the six long, filamentous, stigma appendages, two arising from each of the three styles, also in the absence of an underground tuber or thickened rhizome; it differs in that the bracts are appressed to the rhachises, and about equal in length to them (not patent, and < ¼ as long), the outer tepals turn rapidly from white to translucent at anthesis (not remaining white), the inner perianth lobes are absent (not present and conspicuous), the stigmas are broader than long, held horizontally and are united along their lateral margins (not longer than broad, pendulous, free from each other along their lateral margins). The new species is known from two forest sites, both with threats, and less than 50 individuals are known. Accordingly, it is assessed as Critically Endangered (B1ab(i-iv), B2ab(i-iv), D) using the IUCN 2012 standard. The new species is illustrated by colour photos and line drawings, and mapped.

Cola dorrii Cheek sp. nov. is described from Maputaland Sand and Northern Coastal Forest types in KwaZulu-Natal of South Africa. Formerly treated as Cola greenwayi Brenan, it differs in much shorter leaf-blades and petioles, and in the fruitlets which are stipitate, with apices that are rounded and forward-facing. The indumentum has stellate hairs which are soft, with sinuate arms, rather than subscabrid with stiff arms. The species is assessed as Vulnerable using the IUCN 2012 standard due to habitat modification and loss due to humans, elephants and due to the invasive shrub Chromolaena odorata.

Mesanthemum prescottianum is a West African species occurring in the uplands extending from Guinea to Ivory Coast. Variation within the species is discussed and the synonym M. tuberosum Lecomte is raised to specific status. The conservation status of the first species is assessed using the IUCN 2012 standard as Least Concern, and the second as Vulnerable. Lectotypes are selected for both names. The type location of M. prescottianum, claimed to be Brazil, is shown to be an error.

Warneckea ngutiensis R. D. Stone sp. nov. (Melastomataceae-Olisbeoideae) is described from near Nguti in SW Region, Cameroon. Unique in section Strychnoides in having only a vestigial staminal oil gland, this rainforest shrub is Critically Endangered due to an oil palm plantation project.

Keetia susu Cheek and K. futa Cheek from the Republic of Guinea, and K. abouabou Cheek from Ivory Coast are described here. Each species is assessed using the IUCN standard as, respectively, Vulnerable, Endangered and Critically Endangered. Each species is illustrated and mapped. A key to the 16 species of Keetia in West Africa (Senegal to Benin) is provided. The number of species of Keetia currently accepted is now known to total 35.

Oxygyne Schltr. (Thismiaceae) is a rare and little-known genus of achlorophyllous mycoheterotrophic perennial herbs with one of the most remarkable distributions of all angiosperm plant genera globally, being disjunct between Japan and West–Central Africa. Each species is known only from a single location, and in most cases from a single specimen. This monographic study names, describes and maps two new species, Oxygyne duncanii Cheek from cloud forest in SW Region Cameroon and O. frankei Cheek from gallery forest in the Central African Republic, representing the first new Oxygyne species described from Africa in 112 years, and raising the number of described Oxygyne species from four to six. Oxygyne duncanii is remarkable for sharing more morphological characters with two of the three Japanese species (O. hyodoi C.Abe & Akasawa, O. shinzatoi (H. Ohashi) Tsukaya) than with the geographically much closer type species of the genus, O. triandra from Mt Cameroon. Based mainly on herbarium specimens and field observations made in Cameroon and Japan during a series of botanical surveys, we provide descriptions, synonymy, mapping and extinction risk assessments for each species of Oxygyne, together with keys to the genera of Thismiaceae and the species of Oxygyne. The subterranean structures of African Oxygyne are described for the first time, and found to be consistent with those of the Japanese species. We review and reject an earlier proposal that the Japanese species should be segregated from the African species as a separate genus, Saionia Hatus. The only character that separates the two disjunct species groups is now flower colour: blue or partly-blue in the Japanese species compared with orange-brown in the African species. Studies of the pollination biology and mycorrhizal partners of Oxygyne are still lacking. Two of the six species, O. triandra Schltr. and O. hyodoi, appear to be extinct, and the remaining four are assessed as Critically Endangered using the IUCN 2012 criteria. To avoid further extinction, an urgent requirement is for conservation management of the surviving species in the wild. Since few achlorophyllous mycoheterotrophs have been successfully cultivated from seed to maturity, ex situ conservation will not be viable for these species and protection in the wild is the only viable option. While natural habitat survives, further botanical surveys could yet reveal additional new species between Central Africa and Japan.

Guinea-Conakry has one of the highest plant diversities in Sub-Saharan West Africa and is part of the Upper Guinean Forest ecoregion and the Guinean Forests of West Africa biodiversity hotspot. Guinea is a major supplier of the world’s bauxite and has significant reserves of high grade iron ore, it also has small reserves of diamonds, gold and uranium. As a result large areas of open cast mining exist in the country and pressure on habitats and vegetation are increasing with the need to bring revenue into the country; this is in addition to unsustainable slash and burn agriculture and a growing population. An initial list of 482 species was compiled from Lisowski’s Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée, subsequent discussion and screening reduced the list to 253. This list has since increased, through new species and range extensions, to 270 which is presented here. It is estimated that c. 7-8% of the countries flora is threatened. Rediscoveries and new species are being made in Guinea, but they are often already threatened having been discovered as part of Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs). A comprehensive red list of threatened species is much needed to support the country’s environmental policy as well as their international obligations. Data gathering for a Red Data Book for Guinea has been ongoing for several years and is due to be published in 2019.

Ledermanniella yiben Cheek is described from the Seli (Rokel) river bed at a single rapid to be flooded by the proposed Yiben hydroelectric dam and reservoir in Sierra Leone. It is assessed as Critically Endangered using the IUCN categories and criteria. The species appears to be unique among African Podostemaceae in bearing dimorphic shoots having either cupuliform or short ribbon-like leaves.

Two new African species of Salacia (Salacioideae, Celastraceae) are described. Salacia arenicola is a scandent shrub endemic to a restricted white sand habitat in coastal Republic of Congo. It is assessed as IUCN 2012 category Vulnerable (VU). Salacia nigra is an erect shrub or small tree with dark purple flowers and large leaves found in the wet coastal forests of Cameroon and Nigeria and is also assessed as Vulnerable. A key to nonlianescent tropical African Salacias is given.

Cheek M., Kami E. & Kami T.: Baphia vili (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae), a new species from coastal thicket in the Republic of the Congo and Gabon. — Willdenowia 44: 39–44. 11 March 2014. — Version of record published online ahead of inclusion in April 2014 issue; ISSN 1868-6397; © 2014 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3372/wi.44.44106 Baphia vili Cheek is described as a new species from coastal thicket on white sand in Gabon and the Republic of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville). It is distinguished from other species of the genus by its small, glossy, shallowly cordate leaves and is unusual in its winged fruit. Its taxonomic placement near B. letestui Pellegr. is discussed. It is assessed as Vulnerable using the IUCN standard. Based on observations of the species near Pointe Noire in the months of October, December and July, an account of its phenology is presented.

Inversodicraea, shown by previous workers to merit resurrection, is restored here, to include all those species previously included in Ledermanniella subg. Phyllosma. The final seven species remaining in subg. Phyllosma are formally transferred to Inversodicraea as I. mortonii, I. gabonensis, I. boumiensis, I. harrisii, I. paulsitae, I. torrei and I. thollonii. A new species from the submontane forest of Mt Ziama, in Guinea-Conakry is formally described as I. pepehabai. Similar to I. adamesii, it is assessed as Endangered according to the IUCN 2012 standard.

Allophylus samoritourei from the lowland and submontane forests of the Loma-Man highlands in Guinea-Conakry and Liberia, Africa and Allophylus bertoua from lowland eastern Cameroon are described and illustrated as part of a synoptic revision of the four spiny African species of Allophylus. IUCN conservation assessments are given for all species. The phenomena of androgynophores and of spiny structures in the Sapindaceae, and the possibility of monophyly of spiny Allophylus are discussed.

Ternstroemia guineensis is described from a sandstone table mountain at Kounounkan, possibly the last in the Fouta Djallon (Guinea Highlands) to remain largely unimpacted by humans and to have mainly intact natural habitats. It occurs about 2400 km westward of the nearest existing record (Nigeria) of the genus in Africa. It is confined to cloud (submontane) forest in galleries along watercourses. Its conservation status is assessed as Endangered using the IUCN 2012 criteria. The species differs from the other two African highland species, T. cameroonensis and T. polypetala, in having hermaphrodite flowers with a long subcylindric style and punctiform stigmas, and petals connate at the base into a tube (not dioecious, with a short style and cone-like stigmas, and free petals) resembling in these features the neotropical Ternstroemia species, as does also the lowland wetland T. africana of Nigeria, Gabon and Angola. Citation: Cheek M., Haba P. M., Konomou G. & Burgt X. M. van der 2019: Ternstroemia guineensis (Ternstroemiaceae), a new endangered cloudforest shrub with neotropical affinities from Kounounkan, Guinea, W Africa. – Willdenowia 49: 351–360. doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.49.49306 Version of record first published online on 26 November 2019 ahead of inclusion in December 2019 issue.

Vepris mbamensis Onana, sp. nov., qui presente des petiolules renfles, est reconnue distincte des autres especes connues de Vepris Comm. ex A.Juss. en Afrique apres etude du materiel africain du genre. La nouvelle espece est decrite et typifiee. La cle des especes camerounaises du genre Vepris est mise a jour afin d'y integrer la nouvelle espece. Le specimen sur lequel est base le nom invalide Diphasia mildbraedii Engl. de la Republique Centrafricaine (R.C.A.) montre des caracteres morphologiques identiques a ceux de V. adamaouae Onana, notamment l'inhabituelle ramiflorie dans le genre. Par consequent le premier nom est place en synonymie du second et l'aire de repartition est etendue en R.C.A. L'identification des materiels recoltes au Nigeria etend aussi la repartition de V. adamaouae a l'ouest. Une cle permettant de distinguer les especes camerounaises a fruits sillonnes est presentee. Vepris mbamensis Onana, sp. nov. et V. adamaouae sont illustrees, et une carte de distribution des deux especes est presentee.

The name Leptonychia kamerunensis Engl. & K. Krause is resurrected for an understorey tree of submontane forest in the Cameroon Highlands. L. subtomentosa K. Schum. is resurrected for a tree of the hilly semi-deciduous forests around Yaounde in Central Province, Cameroon. L. moyesiae Cheek, a shrub of lowland coastal evergreen forest of SE Nigeria, SW Province Cameroon and Bioko, is newly described. The taxonomic affinities and conservation status of these three species are assessed.