83 results on '"Mas, Silvia"'
Search Results
52. Isolation of a novel monkey adenovirus reveals a new phylogenetic clade in the evolutionary history of simian adenoviruses
- Author
-
Bofill-Mas Silvia, Almeida Francisca C, Hundesa Ayalkibet, Maluquer de Motes Carlos, and Girones Rosina
- Subjects
Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Adenoviruses of primates include human (HAdV) and simian (SAdV) isolates classified into 8 species (Human Adenovirus A to G, and Simian Adenovirus A). In this study, a novel adenovirus was isolated from a colony of cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and subcultured in VERO cells. Its complete genome was purified and a region encompassing the hexon gene, the protease gene, the DNA binding protein (DBP) and the 100 kDa protein was amplified by PCR and sequenced by primer walking. Sequence analysis of these four genes showed that the new isolate had 80% identity to other primate adenoviruses and lacked recombination events. The study of the evolutionary relationships of this new monkey AdV based on the combined sequences of the four genes supported a close relationship to SAdV-3 and SAdV-6, lineages isolated from Rhesus monkeys. The clade formed by these three types is separated from the remaining clades and establishes a novel branch that is related to species HAdV-A, F and G. However, the genetic distance corresponding to the newly isolated monkey AdV considerably differs from these as to belong to a new, not yet established species. Results presented here widen our knowledge on SAdV and represents an important contribution to the understanding of the evolutionary history of primate adenoviruses.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
53. Quantification and stability of human adenoviruses and polyomavirus JCPyV in wastewater matrices
- Author
-
Bofill-Mas, Silvia, Albinana-Gimenez, Nestor, Clemente-Casares, Pilar, Hundesa, Ayalkibet, Rodriguez-Manzano, Jesus, Allard, Annika, Calvo, Miquel, and Girones, Rosina
- Subjects
Adenoviruses, Human -- Research ,Wastewater -- Environmental aspects ,Biological sciences - Abstract
Real-time quantitative PCR procedures are applied to analyze different wastewater metrices to locate the presence, quantity, and stability of a wide diversity of excreted human adenoviruses (HAdV) and human polyomavirus JCPyV. HAdV and JCPyV are detected in high quantities in the sewage, effluent wastewater, sludge, and biosolid samples confirming the suitability of both viruses as indicators of human fecal viral pollution.
- Published
- 2006
54. Phylodynamics of Merkel-cell polyomavirus and human polyomavirus 6: A long-term history with humans
- Author
-
Torres, Carolina, primary, Barrios, Melina Elizabeth, additional, Cammarata, Robertina Viviana, additional, Victoria, Matías, additional, Fernandez-Cassi, Xavier, additional, Bofill-Mas, Silvia, additional, Colina, Rodney, additional, Blanco Fernández, María Dolores, additional, and Mbayed, Viviana Andrea, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
55. Treating Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy With Interleukin 7 and Vaccination With JC Virus Capsid Protein VP1
- Author
-
Sospedra, Mireia, Schippling, Sven, Yousef, Sara, Jelcic, Ilijas, Bofill-Mas, Silvia, Planas, Raquel, Stellmann, Jan-Patrick, Demina, Viktoria, Cinque, Paola, Garcea, Robert, Croughs, Therese, Girones, Rosina, Martin, Roland, Sospedra, Mireia, Schippling, Sven, Yousef, Sara, Jelcic, Ilijas, Bofill-Mas, Silvia, Planas, Raquel, Stellmann, Jan-Patrick, Demina, Viktoria, Cinque, Paola, Garcea, Robert, Croughs, Therese, Girones, Rosina, and Martin, Roland
- Abstract
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a currently untreatable infection of the brain. Here, we demonstrate in 2 patients that treatment with interleukin 7, JC polyomavirus (JCV) capsid protein VP1, and a Toll-like receptor 7 agonist used as adjuvant, was well tolerated, and showed a very favorable safety profile and unexpected efficacy that warrant further investigation
- Published
- 2017
56. Evaluation of methods for the concentration and extraction of viruses from sewage in the context of metagenomic sequencing
- Author
-
Hjelmsø, Mathis Hjort, Hellmér, Maria, Fernandez-Cassi, Xavier, Timoneda, Natalie, Lukjancenko, Oksana, Seidel, Michael, Elsasser, Dennis, Aarestrup, Frank Møller, Löfström, Charlotta, Bofill-Mas, Silvia, Abril, Josep F., Girones, Rosina, Schultz, Anna Charlotte, Hjelmsø, Mathis Hjort, Hellmér, Maria, Fernandez-Cassi, Xavier, Timoneda, Natalie, Lukjancenko, Oksana, Seidel, Michael, Elsasser, Dennis, Aarestrup, Frank Møller, Löfström, Charlotta, Bofill-Mas, Silvia, Abril, Josep F., Girones, Rosina, and Schultz, Anna Charlotte
- Abstract
Viral sewage metagenomics is a novel field of study used for surveillance, epidemiological studies, and evaluation of waste water treatment efficiency. In raw sewage human waste is mixed with household, industrial and drainage water, and virus particles are, therefore, only found in low concentrations. This necessitates a step of sample concentration to allow for sensitive virus detection. Additionally, viruses harbor a large diversity of both surface and genome structures, which makes universal viral genomic extraction difficult. Current studies have tackled these challenges in many different ways employing a wide range of viral concentration and extraction procedures. However, there is limited knowledge of the efficacy and inherent biases associated with these methods in respect to viral sewage metagenomics, hampering the development of this field. By the use of next generation sequencing this study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of four commonly applied viral concentrations techniques (precipitation with polyethylene glycol, organic flocculation with skim milk, monolithic adsorption filtration and glass wool filtration) and extraction methods (Nucleospin RNA XS, QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit, NucliSENS® miniMAG®, or PowerViral® Environmental RNA/DNA Isolation Kit) to determine the viriome in a sewage sample. We found a significant influence of concentration and extraction protocols on the detected viriome. The viral richness was largest in samples extracted with QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit or PowerViral® Environmental RNA/DNA Isolation Kit. Highest viral specificity were found in samples concentrated by precipitation with polyethylene glycol or extracted with Nucleospin RNA XS. Detection of viral pathogens depended on the method used. These results contribute to the understanding of method associated biases, within the field of viral sewage metagenomics, making evaluation of the current literature easier and helping with the design of future studies.
- Published
- 2017
57. Genome Sequence of a Cynomolgus Macaque Adenovirus (CynAdV-1) Isolate from a Primate Colony in the United Kingdom
- Author
-
Zeng, Zhiwei, primary, Zhang, Jing, additional, Jing, Shuping, additional, Cheng, Zetao, additional, Bofill-Mas, Silvia, additional, Maluquer de Motes, Carlos, additional, Hundesa, Ayalkibet, additional, Girones, Rosina, additional, Seto, Donald, additional, and Zhang, Qiwei, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
58. Jérôme, Douze homélies sur des sujets divers, trad. J.-L. Gourdain.
- Author
-
Mas, Silvia
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
59. Chapter 6 - Multivariate Curve Resolution Methods for Food Chemistry
- Author
-
de Juan, Anna and Mas, Sílvia
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
60. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema as a complication of asthma in children: case report and literature review
- Author
-
Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel, primary, Moreno-Prat, Miriam, additional, Ainsa-Laguna, David, additional, and Mas, Silvia, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
61. Application of human and animal viral microbial source tracking tools in fresh and marine waters from five different geographical areas
- Author
-
Rusiol, Marta, Fernandez-Cassi, Xavier, Hundesa, Ayalkibet, Vieira, Carmen, Kern, Anita, Eriksson, Irene, Ziros, Panos, Kay, David, Miagostovich, Marize, Vargha, Marta, Allard, Annika, Vantarakis, Apostolos, Wyn-Jones, Peter, Bofill-Mas, Silvia, Girones, Rosina, Rusiol, Marta, Fernandez-Cassi, Xavier, Hundesa, Ayalkibet, Vieira, Carmen, Kern, Anita, Eriksson, Irene, Ziros, Panos, Kay, David, Miagostovich, Marize, Vargha, Marta, Allard, Annika, Vantarakis, Apostolos, Wyn-Jones, Peter, Bofill-Mas, Silvia, and Girones, Rosina
- Abstract
Integrated river basin management planning to mitigate the impacts of economic, demographic and climate change is an important issue for the future protection of water resources. Identifying sources of microbial contamination via the emerging science of Microbial Source Tracking (MST) plays a key role in risk assessment and the design of remediation strategies. Following an 18-month surveillance program within the EU-FP7-funded VIROCLIME project, specific MST tools were used to assess human markers such as adenoviruses (HAdV) and JC polyomaviruses (JCPyV) and porcine and bovine markers such as porcine adenoviruses (PAdV) and bovine polyomaviruses (BPyV) via quantification with real-time PCR to analyze surface water collected from five sites within different climatic zones: the Negro River (Brazil), Glafkos River (Greece), Tisza River (Hungary), Llobregat River (Spain) and Umealven River (Sweden). The utility of the viral MST tools and the prevalence and abundance of specific human and animal viruses in the five river catchments and adjacent seawater, which is impacted by riverine contributions from the upstream catchments, were examined. In areas where no sanitation systems have been implemented, sewage can directly enter surface waters, and river water exhibited high viral loads; HAdV and JCPyV could be detected at mean concentrations of 10(5) and 10(4) Genome Copies/Liter (GC/L), respectively. In general, river water samples upstream of urban discharges presented lower human viral loads than downstream sampling sites, and those differences appeared to increase with urban populations but decrease in response to high river flow, as the elevated river water volume dilutes microbial loads. During dry seasons, river water flow decreases dramatically, and secondary effluents can represent the bulk of the riverine discharge. We also observed that ice cover that formed over the river during the winter in the studied areas in North Europe could preserve viral stability due
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
62. Escola catalana
- Author
-
Nadal Domènec, Maite, Torrent, Mariona, Mas, Silvia, and Giménez, Montserrat
- Subjects
lengua francesa ,tebeo ,lengua inglesa ,IES L'Olivera (La Granadella) ,enseñanza de lenguas ,lengua catalana ,literatura ,programa de estudios ,experiencia pedagógica ,lengua española - Abstract
Se explica cómo a partir del 75 aniversario del nacimiento de Tintín se trabajan los contenidos de lengua del currículum, interrelacionando las diferentes lenguas: catalán, castallano, inglés y francés. Cataluña ESP
- Published
- 2004
63. A simulation study regarding different aircraft boarding strategies
- Author
-
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Estadística i Investigació Operativa, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. LIAM - Laboratori de Modelització i Anàlisi de la Informació, Mas, Silvia, Juan, Angel A., Arias, Pol, Fonseca Casas, Pau, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Estadística i Investigació Operativa, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. LIAM - Laboratori de Modelització i Anàlisi de la Informació, Mas, Silvia, Juan, Angel A., Arias, Pol, and Fonseca Casas, Pau
- Abstract
The airline industry is constantly subject to the search of new methods in order to increase efficiency, profitability, and customer satisfaction. Since airlines only generate revenue when their airplanes are on the air, the time they spend at the airports should be the shortest possible. Hence, the airplane turnaround time becomes a process which airlines pay special attention on. The boarding process has a very important role, since it is one of the significant elements of the turnaround time, and a slow boarding process might lead to many kinds of problems to the airline, from financial issues to customer complaints. This paper analyzes the major interferences among the passengers that cause delays in boarding times, and after comparing the different aircraft boarding strategies, it proposes the most efficient strategy., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)
- Published
- 2013
64. Quantification of human adenoviruses in European recreational waters
- Author
-
Universitat de Barcelona, Bofill Mas, Silvia, Calgua de León, Byron Thomas, Clemente Casares, Pilar, La Rosa, Giuseppina, Iaconelli, Marcello, Muscillo, Michele, Rutjes, Saskia, Roda Husman, Ana Maria de, Grünert, Andreas, Graver, Ingeburg, Verani, Marco, Carducci, Annalaura, Calvo, Miquel, Wyn-Jones, A. Peter, Gironès Llop, Rosina, Universitat de Barcelona, Bofill Mas, Silvia, Calgua de León, Byron Thomas, Clemente Casares, Pilar, La Rosa, Giuseppina, Iaconelli, Marcello, Muscillo, Michele, Rutjes, Saskia, Roda Husman, Ana Maria de, Grünert, Andreas, Graver, Ingeburg, Verani, Marco, Carducci, Annalaura, Calvo, Miquel, Wyn-Jones, A. Peter, and Gironès Llop, Rosina
- Abstract
The presence of human adenoviruses in recreational water might cause disease in the population upon exposure. Human adenoviruses detected by PCR could also serve as indicators of the virological water quality. In order to assess the applicability of human adenoviruses to the evaluation of the faecal contamination in European bathing waters, a real-time quantitative PCR assay was developed for the quantification of human adenoviruses in 132 samples collected from 24 different recreational marine and freshwater sites in nine European countries.Selected samples presenting positive nested-PCR results for human adenoviruses were analyzed using quantitative PCR and 80 samples from a total of 132 produced quantitative results with mean values of 3.2x102 10 per 100 ml of water, human adenovirus 41 being the most prevalent serotype. Human adenoviruses were quantified in samples from all 15 surveillance laboratories. Statistical analysis showed no homogeneous linear relation between humanadenoviruses and E. coli, intestinal enterococci or somatic coliphages concentrations in the tested samples when considering all the data together. Significant correlations between human adenoviruses and at least one of the other indicators were observed only when data from individual Laboratories were considered. The quantification of human adenoviruses may provide complementary information in relation to the use of bacterial standards in the control of water quality in bathing water.
- Published
- 2011
65. Kinetic studies of nitrofurazone photodegradation by multivariate curve resolution applied to UV-spectral data
- Author
-
De Luca, Michele, Mas, Silvia, Ioele, Giuseppina, Oliverio, Filomena, Ragno, Gaetano, Tauler, Romà, De Luca, Michele, Mas, Silvia, Ioele, Giuseppina, Oliverio, Filomena, Ragno, Gaetano, and Tauler, Romà
- Abstract
This work aims at describing the kinetic model of nitrofurazone photodegradation by a novel chemometric technique, hybrid hard–soft multivariate curve resolution (HS-MCR). The study was applied to UV-spectral data from the photolysis of nitrofurazone solutions at different concentrations and exposed under varying illuminance power. The HS-MCR method was able to elucidate the kinetics of the photodegradation process and to determine the rate constants, and estimating at the same time the pure spectra of the degradation products. Exposure to light of the drug gave a first rapid isomerization to the syn-form that in turn underwent degradation furnishing a mixture of yellow-red products. The photodegradation process could be explained with a kinetic model based on three consecutive first-order reactions (A > B, B > C and C > D). These results were confirmed by application of the MCR procedure to the analysis of the data obtained from HPLC-DAD analysis of the nitrofurazone samples at different reaction times. The kinetic model was observed to be dependent on experimental conditions. The samples at higher concentrations showed rate constants lower than the diluted samples, whereas an increase of the rate of all degradation processes was observed when the light power also increased. This work shows the power of the hybrid hard- and soft-multivariate curve resolution as a method to deeply study degradation processes of photolabile drugs.
- Published
- 2010
66. La investigación en los procedimientos de incapacidad de las personas con enfermedades neurodegenerativas que cursan con demencia
- Author
-
Arimany-Manso, Josep, primary, Gómez-Durán, Esperanza L., additional, Boada, Mercè, additional, Ventura Mas, Silvia, additional, Tárraga, Lluís, additional, Clos Masó, Dolors, additional, and Matías-Guiu, Jorge, additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
67. Isolation of a novel monkey adenovirus reveals a new phylogenetic clade in the evolutionary history of simian adenoviruses
- Author
-
Maluquer de Motes, Carlos, primary, Hundesa, Ayalkibet, additional, Almeida, Francisca C, additional, Bofill-Mas, Silvia, additional, and Girones, Rosina, additional
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
68. Espagne
- Author
-
Ventura Mas, Silvia, primary
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
69. Molecular detection, quantification and characterization of human polyomavirus JC from waste water in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
- Author
-
Fumian, Tulio Machado, primary, Guimarães, Flávia Ramos, primary, Pereira Vaz, Beatriz Jesus, primary, da Silva, Marcus Tulius Teixeira, primary, Muylaert, Flávia Fontenelle, primary, Bofill-Mas, Silvia, primary, Gironés, Rosina, primary, Leite, José Paulo G., primary, and Miagostovich, Marize Pereira, primary
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
70. Distribution of Human Polyoma- viruses, Adenoviruses, and Hepatitis E Virus in the Environment and in a Drinking-Water Treatment Plant
- Author
-
Albinana-Gimenez, Nestor, primary, Clemente-Casares, Pilar, additional, Bofill-Mas, Silvia, additional, Hundesa, Ayalkibet, additional, Ribas, Ferran, additional, and Girones, Rosina, additional
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
71. Isolation of a novel monkey adenovirus reveals a new phylogenetic clade in the evolutionary history of simian adenoviruses.
- Author
-
de Motes, Carlos Maluquer, Hundesa, Ayalkibet, Almeida, Francisca C., Bofill-Mas, Silvia, and Girones, Rosina
- Subjects
ADENOVIRUSES ,RHESUS monkeys ,SIMIAN viruses ,KRA ,HEXONE - Abstract
Adenoviruses of primates include human (HAdV) and simian (SAdV) isolates classified into 8 species (Human Adenovirus A to G, and Simian Adenovirus A). In this study, a novel adenovirus was isolated from a colony of cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and subcultured in VERO cells. Its complete genome was purified and a region encompassing the hexon gene, the protease gene, the DNA binding protein (DBP) and the 100 kDa protein was amplified by PCR and sequenced by primer walking. Sequence analysis of these four genes showed that the new isolate had 80% identity to other primate adenoviruses and lacked recombination events. The study of the evolutionary relationships of this new monkey AdV based on the combined sequences of the four genes supported a close relationship to SAdV-3 and SAdV-6, lineages isolated from Rhesus monkeys. The clade formed by these three types is separated from the remaining clades and establishes a novel branch that is related to species HAdV-A, F and G. However, the genetic distance corresponding to the newly isolated monkey AdV considerably differs from these as to belong to a new, not yet established species. Results presented here widen our knowledge on SAdV and represents an important contribution to the understanding of the evolutionary history of primate adenoviruses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
72. Distribution of Human Polyomaviruses, Adenoviruses, and Hepatitis E Virus in the Environment and in a Drinking-Water Treatment Plant.
- Author
-
Albinana-Gimenez, Nestor, Clemente-Casares, Pilar, Bofill-Mas, Silvia, Hundesa, Ayalkibet, Ribas, Ferran, and Girones, Rosina
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
73. Abstract 16401: Characterization of the Cellular Inflammatory Response in Patients Undergoing Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.
- Author
-
Hoffmann, Jedrzej, Mas, Silvia, Böckling, Felicitas, Rasper, Tina, Fichtlscherer, Stephan, Dimmeler, Stefanie, Zeiher, Andreas M, and Vasa-Nicotera, Mariuca
- Subjects
- *
HEART valve prosthesis implantation , *AORTIC valve , *LEUKOCYTE count , *AORTIC stenosis , *LEUCOCYTES , *MONOCYTES - Abstract
Background: Systemic inflammatory response, preceded by a significant release of proinflammatory cytokines and elevation of leukocyte count, has been shown to be a strong predictor of mortality in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). However, the heterogeneity and kinetics of circulating inflammatory cells in the setting of TAVI has not been yet elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the kinetics of circulating leukocytes, in particular effector and regulatory T-cell subsets, before and at various times after transfemoral valve implantation. Methods: 118 consecutive patients (35.9% female, mean age 82±5.7 years) with severe, symptomatic aortic stenosis (Pmean 44.8±17 mmHg), and high or prohibitive operative risk (mean EuroSCORE II 6.0 and STS score 4.1) admitted to our clinic for TAVI were included into the study. Predilatation was performed in all patients under rapid pacing. Peripheral whole blood samples were obtained pre-procedurally (baseline, BL), directly after the intervention (time 0), and at 24 h and 3-4 days after TAVI. Differential leukocyte and T-cell subset (Th1, Th2, Th17, Th1/Th17, Th22, and Tregs) kinetics were analyzed using two-platform multiparameter flow cytometry assays. Results: Leukocyte total (p<0.0001 vs. BL) and pro-inflammatory myeloid differential counts, both neutrophils (p<0.001) and classical/intermediate monocytes (both p<0.0001), were elevated at 24 h after TAVI vs. BL. Similarly, the granulocyte/lymphocyte (G/L) ratios were higher at 24h (p<0.0001 vs. BL). Among CD4+ T-cell subsets, the percentage of Th9 (CD4+CCR4-CCR6+) decreased (p=0.0002) and that of Th17 (CD4+CCR4+CCR6+CCR10-CXCR3-) significantly increased (p<0.0001) at day 24h after valve implantation. In addition, T regulatory cells (Treg, CD4+CD25+CD127-) showed a continuous rise at all pre-specified time points after TAVI (p<0.0001 for 24h and day 3-4 vs. BL). Conclusions: Along with the observed elevation of total and differential myeloid leukocyte counts, the specific CD4+ T-cell subsets (Th17 and Tregs) showed a significant rise at pre-specified time points after transfemoral transcatheter valve implantation. Current investigations will now prove the prognostic and predictive value of these novel leukocyte-based inflammatory biomarkers in the early setting of TAVI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
74. Potential risk of MCPyV infection through water
- Author
-
Bofill-Mas, Silvia, Marta Rusiñol, Fernandez-Cassi, Xavi, and Girones, Rosina
75. Central role of JC virus-specific CD4+ lymphocytes in progressive multi-focal leucoencephalopathy-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
- Author
-
Aly, Lilian, Yousef, Sara, Schippling, Sven, Jelcic, Ilijas, Breiden, Petra, Matschke, Jakob, Schulz, Robert, Bofill-Mas, Silvia, Jones, Louise, Demina, Viktorya, Linnebank, Michael, Ogg, Graham, Girones, Rosina, Weber, Thomas, Sospedra, Mireia, Martin, Roland, Aly, Lilian, Yousef, Sara, Schippling, Sven, Jelcic, Ilijas, Breiden, Petra, Matschke, Jakob, Schulz, Robert, Bofill-Mas, Silvia, Jones, Louise, Demina, Viktorya, Linnebank, Michael, Ogg, Graham, Girones, Rosina, Weber, Thomas, Sospedra, Mireia, and Martin, Roland
- Abstract
Progressive multi-focal leucoencephalopathy and progressive multi-focal leucoencephalopathy-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome are caused by infection of the central nervous system with the JC polyoma virus. Both are complications of monoclonal antibody therapy in multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases. Progressive multi-focal leucoencephalopathy-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome can obscure the diagnosis of progressive multi-focal leucoencephalopathy and lead to severe clinical disability and possibly death. Different from progressive multi-focal leucoencephalopathy, in which demyelination results from oligodendrocyte lysis by JC virus in the absence of an immune response, tissue destruction in progressive multi-focal leucoencephalopathy-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome is caused by a vigorous immune response within the brain. The cells and mediators that are involved in progressive multi-focal leucoencephalopathy-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome are as yet poorly understood. We examined two patients with multiple sclerosis, who developed progressive multi-focal leucoencephalopathy and later progressive multi-focal leucoencephalopathy-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome under natalizumab therapy. Due to initially negative JC viral deoxyribonucleic acid testing in the cerebrospinal fluid, a diagnostic brain biopsy was performed in one patient. Histopathology revealed brain inflammation characterized by a prominent T cell infiltrate (CD4+ > CD8+ T cells), but also B/plasma cells and monocytes. Despite very low JC viral load, both patients showed high intrathecal anti-JC virus antibodies. Brain-infiltrating CD4+ T cells were studied regarding antigen specificity and function. CD4+ T cells were highly specific for peptides from several JC virus proteins, particularly the major capsid protein VP1. T cell phenotyping revealed CD4+ Th1 and bifunctional Th1-2 cells. The latter secrete large amounts of interferon-γ
76. Treating Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy With Interleukin 7 and Vaccination With JC Virus Capsid Protein VP1
- Author
-
Sospedra, Mireia, Schippling, Sven, Yousef, Sara, Jelcic, Ilijas, Bofill-Mas, Silvia, Planas, Raquel, Stellmann, Jan-Patrick, Demina, Viktoria, Cinque, Paola, Garcea, Robert, Croughs, Therese, Girones, Rosina, Martin, Roland, Sospedra, Mireia, Schippling, Sven, Yousef, Sara, Jelcic, Ilijas, Bofill-Mas, Silvia, Planas, Raquel, Stellmann, Jan-Patrick, Demina, Viktoria, Cinque, Paola, Garcea, Robert, Croughs, Therese, Girones, Rosina, and Martin, Roland
- Abstract
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a currently untreatable infection of the brain. Here, we demonstrate in 2 patients that treatment with interleukin 7, JC polyomavirus (JCV) capsid protein VP1, and a Toll-like receptor 7 agonist used as adjuvant, was well tolerated, and showed a very favorable safety profile and unexpected efficacy that warrant further investigation
77. Unraveling brain fog in post‐COVID syndrome: Relationship between subjective cognitive complaints and cognitive function, fatigue, and neuropsychiatric symptoms.
- Author
-
Delgado‐Alonso, Cristina, Díez‐Cirarda, María, Pagán, Josué, Pérez‐Izquierdo, Carlos, Oliver‐Mas, Silvia, Fernández‐Romero, Lucía, Martínez‐Petit, Álvaro, Valles‐Salgado, María, Gil‐Moreno, María José, Yus, Miguel, Matías‐Guiu, Jorge, Ayala, José Luis, and Matias‐Guiu, Jordi A.
- Abstract
Background and purpose Methods Results Conclusions “Brain fog” is a frequent and disabling symptom that can occur after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. However, its clinical characteristics and the relationships among brain fog and objective cognitive function, fatigue, and neuropsychiatric symptoms (depression, anxiety) are still unclear. In this study, we aimed to examine the characteristics of brain fog and to understand how fatigue, cognitive performance, and neuropsychiatric symptoms and the mutual relationships among these variables influence subjective cognitive complaints.A total of 170 patients with cognitive complaints in the context of post‐COVID syndrome were evaluated using a comprehensive neuropsychological protocol. The FLEI scale was used to characterize subjective cognitive complaints. Correlation analysis, regression machine‐learning algorithms, and mediation analysis were calculated.Cognitive complaints were mainly attention and episodic memory symptoms, while executive functions (planning) issues were less often reported. The FLEI scale, a mental ability questionnaire, showed high correlations with a fatigue scale and moderate correlations with the Stroop test, and anxiety and depressive symptoms. Random forest algorithms showed an R2 value of 0.409 for the prediction of FLEI score, with several cognitive tests, fatigue and depression being the best variables used in the prediction. Mediation analysis showed that fatigue was the main mediator between objective and subjective cognition, while the effect of depression was indirect and mediated through fatigue.Brain fog associated with COVID‐19 is mainly characterized by attention and episodic memory, and fatigue, which is the main mediator between objective and subjective cognition. Our findings contribute to understanding the pathophysiology of brain fog and emphasize the need to unravel the main mechanisms underlying brain fog, considering several aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
78. Noves tècniques per al control i desinfecció de virus contaminants d’aigua
- Author
-
Forés Gil, Eva, Gironès Llop, Rosina, Bofill Mas, Silvia, and Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística
- Subjects
Abastament d'aigua ,Disinfection ,Virologia ,Contaminació de l'aigua ,Water pollution ,Desinfecció ,Virology ,Ultrafiltration ,Ultrafiltració ,Water-supply - Abstract
[cat] Arrel de la necessitat de garantir la disponibilitat d’aigua en un context d’escassetat i assegurar-ne un bon ús que no suposi un risc microbiològic per la població, aquesta Tesi Doctoral ha estat centrada en l’optimització, el desenvolupament i la validació de noves tècniques pel control de virus contaminants d’aigua. Per una banda, s’han optimitzat i desenvolupat mètodes ràpids, sensibles, metodològicament senzills i adaptables per a la concentració i detecció in situ de virus en diferents contextos; i per una altra, s’ha avaluat l’aplicabilitat i eficiència de desinfecció dels sistemes electroquímics d’oxidació avançada com a tractaments sostenibles per a la reutilització d’aigües. Pel que respecta a mètodes de concentració d’aigua per a la detecció de virus, en primer lloc s’ha adaptat el mètode de floculació orgànica amb llet descremada perquè sigui aplicable a contextos de baixa renda donat el seu baix cost econòmic, o a situacions d’emergència humanitària en què no es disposi d’un laboratori equipat, a més l’equipament s’ha adaptat perquè no es requereixi de corrent elèctrica. Aquest mètode, ha estat validat en dos contextos reals, un camp de refugiats ubicat a Banghi (República Centreafricana) i a la zona de Pedernales (Equador) afectada per un terratrèmol. El mètode i protocol desenvolupats, van demostrar ser metodològicament senzills per tal de ser duts a terme per usuaris no experts, demostrant ser un mètode eficient detectant contaminació viral en les mostres d’aigua testades, podent ser una eina útil en la prevenció de brots vírics en els països amb menys recursos, els quals són els més afectats per les malalties de transmissió hídrica donades les limitacions existents de sanejament de l’aigua. La resta de mètodes de concentració avaluats, estan basats en l’ús d’ultrafiltres per a la detecció de virus en aigua. Per una banda, s’ha caracteritzat un mètode ràpid per a l’anàlisi de grans volums d’aigua en aigües superficials i aigua de mar, aplicant la nova tecnologia d’elució d’escuma humida amb la que es redueix el temps de processat de la mostra així com la simplificació metodològica del mètode. A més, s’ha adaptat perquè sigui realitzable en el mateix punt de presa de la mostra, sent validat en dos contextos diferents, un on es va realitzar la concentració completa de mostres in situ, i l’altre on es va realitzar la filtració i posterior enviament del filtre al laboratori per a la seva anàlisi, demostrant la versatilitat del mètode. Finalment, el mètode es va optimitzar amb un segon pas de concentració utilitzant un dispositiu d'ultrafiltració centrífuga (Centricon® Plus-70) per tal d’augmentar-ne la sensibilitat. El mètode ha estat testat mitjançant diverses tècniques, permetent la detecció de virus mitjançant mètodes tan d’infectivitat com moleculars, incloent la detecció per qPCR i tècniques de seqüenciació massiva, com són l’enriquiment per dianes i posterior seqüenciació massiva d’amplicons. Amb l’arribada de la pandèmia de la COVID-19, i arrel de l’escassetat de subministraments de material necessaris per a l’anàlisi del SARS-CoV-2 en aigües residuals, es van caracteritzar dos mètodes ràpids de concentració d’aigües residuals per la detecció de virus embolcallats. Així doncs, es va validar un dispositiu d'ultrafiltració centrífuga (Centricon® Plus-70) i la pipeta concentradora automatitzada CP-Select™, com a mètodes ràpids, i el cas de la pipeta concentradora, factible per a treballar en vitrines de bioseguretat. Validant així, mètodes d’anàlisi d’aigües residuals perquè puguin ser implementats en laboratoris d’anàlisi rutinaris sense requerir de personal altament especialitzat. En la segona part de la tesi, s’ha avaluat l’aplicabilitat i eficiència de desinfecció dels sistemes electroquímics d’oxidació avançada com a tractaments sostenibles per a la reutilització d’aigües, testant dos tipus de materials, un ànode de Ruteni i un ànode de BDD en matrius naturals. Els assajos realitzats, han estat centrats en la inactivació de microorganismes patògens amb un focus especial en els virus, així com en l’avaluació de la idoneïtat dels microorganismes índex utilitzats clàssicament en els tractaments de desinfecció, la determinació dels subproductes tòxics i els requeriments energètics del sistema. Amb tot, s’ha demostrat que els sistemes electroquímics poden ser aplicats com a pas final de desinfecció d’aigües naturals, encara que els microorganismes índex han de ser revisats, donada la major sensibilitat de bacteris i bacteriòfags, en relació a altres microorganismes, però demostrant ser efectius per tal d’assolir un logaritme de reducció de virus humans amb baixos requeriments energètics, tenint potencial per ser sistemes descentralitzats de depuració d’aigües, tot i que han de ser adaptats per evitar la formació de subproductes tòxics., [eng] Given the need to guarantee the availability of water in a context of scarcity and ensure a good use that does not pose a microbiological risk to the population, this Thesis has been focused on developing and validating new techniques for the control of viruses contaminants of water. Firstly, fast, sensitive, methodologically simple, and adaptable methods have been developed for their application in situ for the detection of viruses in different contexts; and secondly, the applicability and disinfection efficiency of advanced oxidation electrochemical systems have been evaluated as sustainable treatments for water reuse. Regarding the development of water concentration methods for the detection of viruses, in the first place the skimmed milk organic flocculation method has been adapted so that it is applicable to low-income situations given its low economic cost, or to situations of a humanitarian emergency in which there is no equipped laboratory, in addition, the equipment has been adapted so that no electricity is required. This method has been validated in two real contexts, a refugee camp located in Banghi (Central African Republic) and in Pedernales (Ecuador) affected by an earthquake. The method and protocol developed proved to be methodologically simple to be carried out by non-expert users, proving to be an efficient method for detecting viral contamination in the tested matrices, being a useful tool in the prevention of viral outbreaks in countries with fewer resources, which are the most affected by water-borne diseases given the lesser sanitation of the water sources. The rest of the concentration methods evaluated are based on the use of ultrafilters for the detection of viruses in water. Firstly, a fast method has been characterized for the analysis of large volume water samples in surface water and seawater, applying the new wet foam elution technology with which the processing time of the sample is reduced as well as the methodological simplification of the method. In addition, it has been adapted so that it can be carried out at the same sampling point, being validated in two different contexts, one where the complete concentration of samples was carried out in situ, and the other where the filtration was carried out and later sending the filter to the laboratory for analysis, demonstrating the versatility of the method. Finally, the method was optimized with a second concentration step using a centrifugal ultrafiltration device (Centricon® Plus-70) to increase sensitivity. The method has been tested using various techniques, allowing the detection of viruses using infectivity and molecular techniques, including detection by qPCR and new generation sequencing techniques, such as target enrichment and amplicon deep sequencing. With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, and due to the shortage of material supplies necessary for the analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater, two rapid methods of wastewater concentration were characterized for the detection of enveloped viruses. Thus, a centrifugal ultrafiltration device (Centricon® Plus-70) and the CP-Select™ automated concentrator pipette were validated as fast methods, methodologically simple and in the case of the concentrator pipette, allowing to work under biosafety conditions. Thus, wastewater analysis methods have been validated, so they can be implemented in routine analysis laboratories without requiring highly specialized personnel. In the second part of the thesis, the applicability and disinfection efficiency of advanced oxidation electrochemical systems have been evaluated as sustaining treatments for water reuse, testing two types of materials, a Ruthenium anode, and an anode of BDD in natural matrices. The disinfection trials carried out have been focused on the inactivation of bacteria, viruses, bacterial spores and protozoa, as well as on the evaluation of the suitability of the index microorganisms classically used in disinfection treatments, the determination of toxic by-products and energy requirements of the system. The main results of these studies have shown that electrochemical systems can be applied as a final step in the disinfection of natural waters, although the index microorganisms must be reviewed, given the greater sensitivity of bacteria and bacteriophages, but proving to be effective to achieve a one logarithm reduction of virus with low energy requirements, having the potential to be implemented as decentralized water purification systems, although they must be adapted to avoid the formation of toxic by-products.
- Published
- 2023
79. Seqüenciació massiva aplicada a l'epidemiologia d'aigües residuals i a la caracterització de viromes
- Author
-
Martínez Puchol, Sandra, Bofill Mas, Silvia, Gironès Llop, Rosina, and Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística
- Subjects
Aguas residuales ,Biotecnología ,Virologia ,Sewage ,Genómica ,Epidemiology ,Genomics ,Biotecnologia ,Ciències Experimentals i Matemàtiques ,Genòmica ,Aigües residuals ,Virology ,Epidemiología ,Epidemiologia ,Virología ,Biotechnology - Abstract
[cat] L’objectiu principal de la present tesi doctoral ha estat l’optimització i aplicació de procediments basats en la seqüenciació massiva per a la descripció del viroma associat a l’aigua residual i a altres mostres d’interès epidemiològic. Els objectius específics han estat: 1. Optimitzar i aplicar diferents tècniques de seqüenciació massiva per a l’anàlisi de mostres ambientals i biològiques. 2. Caracteritzar el viroma de l’aigua residual amb focus en els patògens humans. 3. Avaluar l’ús del la seqüenciació massiva, amb i sense enriquiment de dianes, i de la seqüenciació d’amplicons per a l’estudi i monitoreig de brots infecciosos d’origen viral. 4. Aplicar la seqüenciació massiva a mostres de pacients amb gastroenteritis d’etiologia desconeguda per conèixer la presència d’espècies virals no detectades pels mètodes de diagnòstic clàssics. 5. Estudiar el viroma de diverses espècies de peixos Atlàntics amb potencials implicacions comercials i de seguretat alimentària., [eng] Next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques have emerged in the last decade as keystone for the thorough study of microorganisms in a wide variety of samples and settings, replacing traditional molecular methods. In the field of virology, the constant evolution of sequencing platforms and applications enabled the improvement of virome studies. The main limitation when analysing the virome from any type of sample is the low proportion of viral sequences identified compared with the total number of sequences, especially critical for human viruses. In this work we aimed to evaluate the use of different sequencing approaches, target enrichment (TES) and amplicon deep sequencing (ADS), for the characterization of the virome and specific viral pathogens in sewage and as tools for efficient wastewater-based epidemiology in outbreak scenario. The application of TES has proved to be a very successful strategy for the study of vertebrate viruses in sewage samples providing a higher number of detected families, a higher number of members within these families, more reads and larger genome coverage than conventional untargeted viral metagenomics. Additionally, allowed the obtention of SARS-CoV-2 sequences as part of sewage virome in a COVID-19 pandemic context, retrieving also other relevant human and animal coronavirus sequences, shedding light on the co-circulation of different strains in a determined population. In contrast, ADS proved to a very sensitive technique for the description of the diversity within a viral family, enabling the subtyping of sequences belonging to Enterovirus A71 C1 in sewage, while an encephalitis outbreak caused by this strain was happening during sampling period. NGS, with and without TES panels, was also evaluated for the study of viral etiological agents of acute gastroenteritis in a collection of samples tested negative for the commonly associated pathogens. Its application resulted in the detection of emergent viral variants, like Norovirus GIV, and viruses not traditionally tested, like sapoviruses and astroviruses. These results highlighted the need of the incorporation of these viruses in clinical testing and the potential use of viral metagenomics as a diagnostic tool. Lastly, to evaluate the use of enrichment panel in animal virology, TES was applied for the virome study of two economically important fish species from the Portuguese Atlantic coast. Pathogens causing viral nervous necrosis and infectious pancreatic necrosis in fishes were detected, demonstrating the utility of NGS techniques for the study of infections that may cause an economic impact in fish industry. Also, the identification of human noroviruses sequences in one of the fish samples suggested that fish virome studies can be used for evaluating potential threats regarding food safety.
- Published
- 2021
80. Aplicació de tècniques de seqüenciació massiva a l´estudi de virus potencialment contaminants d´aigües i/o aliments
- Author
-
Fernández Cassi, Xavier, Gironès Llop, Rosina, Bofill Mas, Silvia, Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, and Gironés Llop, Rosina
- Subjects
Contaminació de l'aigua ,Contaminación microbiana ,Contaminació dels aliments ,Estructura molecular ,Food contamination ,Microbial contamination ,Contaminación de los alimentos ,Ciències Experimentals i Matemàtiques ,Contaminació microbiana ,Virus ,Water pollution ,Contaminación del agua ,Viruses ,Molecular structure - Abstract
[cat] L’objectiu global plantejat en aquesta tesi ha estat l’anàlisi dels patògens virals que a través de l’aigua residual, poden contaminar l’aigua de reg i els aliments. Les aigües regenerades i les aigües de riu són importants fonts de reg i per tant, una possible via d’entrada de patògens a la cadena alimentària. En un primer capítol, la tesi doctoral s’ha centrat en l’avaluació de la qualitat microbiològica de l’aigua regenerada produïda en un sistema de llacunatge mitjançant l’estudi de la reducció de les concentracions de múltiples patògens, posant èmfasi en l’estudi de virus indicadors de contaminació fecal humana (adenovirus humans i poliomavirus JC) i patògens estretament relacionats amb el consum d’aigua i aliments contaminats (norovirus humans i hepatitis E). De forma paral·lela s’ha estudiat també la reducció dels indicadors bacterians de contaminació fecal (E.coli i enterococs fecals) inclosos en la legislació d’aigües regenerades. Conèixer el viroma present a l’aigua residual pot oferir informació important des d’una perspectiva ecològica, però també de salut pública, ja que un dels principals inputs de l’aigua residual urbana són els virus excretats per la població a partir de les seves femtes, orina o descamació epitelial. Les tècniques de seqüenciació massiva aplicades a l’estudi de virus permeten, sota un únic anàlisi, conèixer totes les espècies víriques presents en una mostra. En la present tesi s’ha avaluat l’efecte que tenen en la composició de les poblacions virals diferents mètodes de concentració i extracció d’àcids nucleics, utilitzant com a matriu l’aigua residual urbana. Amb la finalitat de caracteritzar els riscos virològics associats a l’aigua residual i a la producció d’aigües regenerades, s’ha desenvolupat un protocol eficient per a l’estudi del viroma. La contribució de l’orina en el viroma de l’aigua residual demostra que el nombre de virus excretats per orina queda restringit majoritàriament a famílies de virus ADN: Polyomaviridae i Papillomaviridae. Les tècniques de metagenòmica de virus permeten l’estudi del viroma de l’aigua residual, caracteritzant simultàniament sota un únic assaig, les diferents famílies víriques presents en aquestes matrius. Com a resultat de la tesi s’han pogut detectar importants patògens humans de les famílies Caliciviridae, Picornaviridae, Adenoviridae, Polyomaviridae, Papillomaviridae, Picobirnaviridae, Circoviridae, Anelloviridae, Parvoviridae, Hepeviridae i Astroviridae. En el quart capítol de la tesi, s’ha avaluat el potencial que tenen les tècniques de seqüenciació massiva com a eina de monitorització en el camp de la seguretat alimentària. Amb aquesta finalitat, s’han analitzat els virus presents tant a la superfície dels vegetals (juliverts) com en l’aigua de reg (aigua del riu Besòs, amb un cabal principalment generat pels efluents secundaris de les EDAR de la conca). En total s’han detectat 18 famílies víriques diferents de la superfície del julivert incloent membres de les famílies Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, Hepeviridae, Picornaviridae i Parvoviridae. A la mateixa aigua de riu s’han detectat 26 famílies víriques diferents incloent patògens vírics com adenovirus, rotavirus, astrovirus o picornavirus., [eng] The overall objective of the present thesis has been to analyze the viral pathogens that can be transmitted through contaminated water or food. Reclaimed and river water are important irrigation sources. Therefore, these water matrices can represent an important entrance of pathogens into the food chain. The first chapter of the present thesis has focused in the evaluation of the microbiological quality of reclaimed water produced in a lagoon system by studying the concentration reduction of multiple pathogens including human adenoviruses, noroviruses, polyomaviruses and hepatitis E virus. The reduction of fecal indicator bacteria, included in the reclaimed water legislations, has been studied simultaneously. The effect of the concentration and extraction methods on the viral community composition has been evaluated in urban sewage. A sensitive protocol has been developed to characterize the different pathogenic viruses that can be present in these water matrices, representing a potential threat if contamination of water or food occurs. These methodologies have allowed the identification of important viral pathogens from Caliciviridae, Picornaviridae, Adenoviridae, Polyomaviridae, Papillomaviridae, Picobirnaviridae, Circoviridae, Anelloviridae, Parvoviridae, Hepeviridae and Astroviridae families. The contribution of urine to the metavirome of urban sewage is restricted, mainly, to double strand DNA viruses from Polyomaviridae and Papillomaviridae families. Finally, the applicability of next generation sequencing as a surveillance tool for food safety porpoises has been evaluated by using fecally contaminated river water to irrigate fresh vegetables. River water contained 26 different viral families including important pathogens such as adenoviruses, rotaviruses, astroviruses and picornaviruses. At the surface of irrigated vegetables other important human viral pathogens from 18 different viral families, including Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, Hepeviridae, Picornaviridae and Parvoviridae were detected.
- Published
- 2017
81. Disseminació i traçabilitat de la contaminació viral en conques fluvials = Dissemination and source tracking of viral contamination in river catchments
- Author
-
Rusiñol Aràntegui, Marta, Gironès Llop, Rosina, Bofill Mas, Silvia, and Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Microbiologia
- Subjects
Virologia ,Contaminació de l'aigua ,Traçabilitat ,Water pollution ,Virology ,Contaminación del agua ,Traceability ,Trazabilidad ,Virología ,Ciències Experimentals i Matemàtiques - Abstract
[cat] Aquesta Tesi Doctoral ha estat pensada per avaluar, mitjançant l’estudi de virus contaminants, l’origen de la contaminació fecal i l’avast de la disseminació a l’aigua. Amb aquesta finalitat s’han utilitzat eines moleculars per a la detecció i quantificació de virus especifics humans, bovins i porcins i a més a més s’ha desenvolupat una nova eina per traçar la contaminació ovina a l’ambient. Els principals agents virals amb risc per als humans són d’origen humà però les femtes animals, amb potencials patògens zoonòtics, representen també un risc per a la salut humana. La intensificació de la producció animal o l’increment de plujes torrencials previst amb els escenaris proposats per al canvi climàtic presenten nous reptes per al control de la contaminació fecal a l’aigua. Bona part de la Tesi, ha anat lligada al projecte europeu VIROCLIME permetent dur a terme estudis a nivell internacional. S’ha caracteritzat la disseminació de virus humans contaminants a l’aigua d’un riu situat en una conca Mediterrània. Mitjançant el registre de variables hidro-climàtiques, la recollida de mostres d’aigua de riu, aigua de mar i aigua residual, i l’anàlisi de FIB i virus indicadors de contaminació fecal humana (HAdV i JCPyV), virus patògens (NoVGII, HEV), i un virus emergent (MCPyV), s’ha estudiat durant un any, l’impacte que l’aigua residual crua o els efluents de les depuradores tenen en la qualitat microbiològica del riu. En un segon estudi realitzat conjuntament amb laboratoris de Suècia, Grècia, Hongría i Brasil, s’ha pogut estandarditzar el mètode de floculació amb llet descremada, per a la concentració de virus, i els assajos de qPCR per identificar i traçar l’origen de la contaminació fecal a l’aigua. Durant 18 mesos de mostrejos a conques de rius situats a les regions Mediterrània, Àrtica, Continental i Tropical, s’han identificat virus humans (HAdV i JCPyV), bovins (BPyV) i porcins (PAdV), demostrant que aquestes eines virals són fiables i útils per a qualsevol àrea geogràfica o matriu d’aigua. Fins al principi d’aquesta tesi, només es disposava de marcadors virals de contaminació fecal porcina i bovina. Analitzant mostres de femta i orina d’ovella, amb un assaig de PCR d’ample espectre per a la detecció de poliomavirus, es van obtenir per primera vegada seqüències d’un putatiu nou poliomavirus oví. A partir d’aquí, s’han dissenyat dos assajos de PCR específics per poder traçar la contaminació fecal ovina a l’ambient. Arrel d’aquest treball, durant l’últim any de la tesi, es va plantejar una estada a Nova Zelanda perquè es tracta del país amb més ovelles per càpita i representa bona part de la indústria ramadera del país. Traçar i identificar l’origen de la contaminació fecal animal a l’aigua és doncs bàsic, tant per la gestió dels residus com per l’avaluació dels riscos per a la salut humana. El quart estudi inclòs a la tesi, es va dissenyar per identificar les fonts principals de contaminació fecal i avaluar, al mateix temps, les diferents eines de MST utilitzades a Nova Zelanda i al laboratori de la doctoranda. S’han recollit mostres de riu als territoris ramaders més importants de l’illa del sud, i s’han analitzat E. coli, virus específics indicadors de contaminació fecal humana (HAdV, JCPyV) bovina (BPyV) i ovina (OPyV), marcadors bacterians específics d’humans (BacH, BacHum-UCD, BiAdo) i de remugants (BacR) i esterols i estanols indicadors de contaminació fecal humana o de remugant., [eng] This thesis was designed to evaluate, through the study of viruses, the source of the fecal contamination and its spread in water matrices. For this purpose molecular tools have been used for the detection and quantification of specific human porcine and bovine viruses, and a new tool has been developed to trace ovine pollution in the environment. Human waterborne viruses pose the main risk to humans, but animal feces, with potential zoonotic pathogens, also represent a risk to human health. The intensification of animal production and the predicted scenarios for climate change, with increase of torrential rains, present new challenges for the control of fecal contamination in water . Much of this work has been linked to the European project VIROCLIME allowing studies conducted worldwide. We characterized the spread of contaminant human viruses in a Mediterranean river basin . By recording hydro-climatic variables, collecting samples of river water, sea water and wastewater, and analysing FIB and human virus indicators of fecal pollution (HAdV and JCPyV), pathogenic viruses (NoVGII , HEV) and an emerging virus (MCPyV) we have studied, thoughouth a year, the impact of raw wastewater and efluents from the wastewater treatment plants the microbiological quality of the river. In a second study, conducted with laboratories in Sweden, Greece, Hungary and Brazil, we standardized the viral concentration method, Skimmed Milk Flocculation, and specific qPCR assays to identify and trace the origin of contamination in water. During an 18 months sampling period, in river basins located in the mediterranean region, arctic, continental and tropical regions, we identified human (HAdV and JCPyV), bovine (BPyV ) and porcine viruses (PAdV), demonstrating that these tools are reliable and useful for any geographic area or water matrix. At the beginning of this thesis, only porcine and bovine viral fecal indicators were available to trace fecal pollution. Since no ovine viral indicator was described before the present work, we designed a study to develop a new tool to trace sheep fecal contamination. Firstly we analyzed urine and stool samples from sheep, with a broad spectrum PCR assay for the detection of polyomavirus. We obtained sequences of a putative new ovine polyomavirus and designed two PCR assays specific for the new ovine virus. During the last year of the thesis raised a stay in New Zealand because it is the country with more sheep per capita and represents much of the livestock industry in the country. Trace and identify the source of animal fecal contamination in water is therefore essential for both waste management for the evaluation of risks to human health. The fourth study included in this thesis was designed to identify the main sources of fecal contamination and evaluate the same time , the different tools used MST in New Zealand and the student laboratory. River samples were collected at major livestock areas south of the island , and analyzed E.coli , viruses specific indicators of human fecal contamination (HAdV, JCPyV) bovine (BPyV) and sheep (OPyV) specific bacterial markers in humans (BacH, BacHum-UCD, BiAdo) and ruminants ( BacR) and sterols and stanols indicators of human fecal contamination or ruminants.
- Published
- 2014
82. Cost-effective method for microbial source tracking using specific human and animal viruses.
- Author
-
Bofill-Mas S, Hundesa A, Calgua B, Rusiñol M, Maluquer de Motes C, and Girones R
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Groundwater virology, Humans, Rivers virology, Seawater virology, Swine, Virology economics, Adenoviridae isolation & purification, Polyomavirus isolation & purification, Virology methods, Water Microbiology
- Abstract
Microbial contamination of the environment represents a significant health risk. Classical bacterial fecal indicators have shown to have significant limitations, viruses are more resistant to many inactivation processes and standard fecal indicators do not inform on the source of contamination. The development of cost-effective methods for the concentration of viruses from water and molecular assays facilitates the applicability of viruses as indicators of fecal contamination and as microbial source tracking (MST) tools. Adenoviruses and polyomaviruses are DNA viruses infecting specific vertebrate species including humans and are persistently excreted in feces and/or urine in all geographical areas studied. In previous studies, we suggested the quantification of human adenoviruses (HAdV) and JC polyomaviruses (JCPyV) by quantitative PCR (qPCR) as an index of human fecal contamination. Recently, we have developed qPCR assays for the specific quantification of porcine adenoviruses (PAdV) and bovine polyomaviruses (BPyV) as animal fecal markers of contamination with sensitivities of 1-10 genome copies per test tube. In this study, we present the procedure to be followed to identify the source of contamination in water samples using these tools. As example of representative results, analysis of viruses in ground water presenting high levels of nitrates is shown. Detection of viruses in low or moderately polluted waters requires the concentration of the viruses from at least several liters of water into a much smaller volume, a procedure that usually includes two concentration steps in series. This somewhat cumbersome procedure and the variability observed in viral recoveries significantly hamper the simultaneous processing of a large number of water samples. In order to eliminate the bottleneck caused by the two-step procedures we have applied a one-step protocol developed in previous studies and applicable to a diversity of water matrices. The procedure includes: acidification of ten-liter water samples, flocculation by skimmed milk, gravity sedimentation of the flocculated materials, collection of the precipitate and centrifugation, resuspension of the precipitate in 10 ml phosphate buffer. The viral concentrate is used for the extraction of viral nucleic acids and the specific adenoviruses and polyomaviruses of interest are quantified by qPCR. High number of samples may be simultaneously analyzed using this low-cost concentration method. The procedure has been applied to the analysis of bathing waters, seawater and river water and in this study, we present results analyzing groundwater samples. This high-throughput quantitative method is reliable, straightforward, and cost-effective.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
83. [Effects on health of water and food contamination by emergent human viruses].
- Author
-
Bofill-Mas S, Clemente-Casares P, Albińana-Giménez N, de Motes Porta CM, Hundesa Gonfa A, and Girones Llop R
- Subjects
- Environmental Monitoring methods, Humans, Public Health, Virus Diseases diagnosis, Virus Diseases prevention & control, Water analysis, Food Contamination analysis, Water Microbiology
- Abstract
The development of molecular technologies applied to environmental studies has shown that even in highly industrialized countries there is a high prevalence of viruses in the environment that represents an important impact on public health and substantial economic losses mainly related to the transmission of viruses through water and food. Significant concentrations of viruses are detected in the water flowed to the environment and in the biosolids generated in wastewater treatment plants. This work describes the general characteristics of the environmental contamination by viruses principally by emergent viruses, with a special emphasis on the hepatitis E virus (HEV) and the human polyomaviruses as the environmental contaminants more recently identified in industrialized countries. It has been shown that there is a high prevalence of the human polyomaviruses BKV and JCV in urban sewage in all studied countries, implying a potential transmission of these viruses and their potential oncogenic genes through the oral route. Recent studies have shown that the epidemiological pattern of the HEV infection in industrialized countries is complex and that a diversity of HEV strains simultaneously infects the population. The control of the viral contamination requires the standardization of molecular techniques and the development of a surveillance program for the evaluation of the viral parameters and to reduce the dissemination of already established diseases and emergent viral infections.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.