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51. Identification of Putative Wintering Areas and Ecological Determinants of Population Dynamics of Common House-Martin (Delichon urbicum)and Common Swift (Apus apus) Breeding in Northern Italy

Author

Ambrosini, R, Orioli, V, Massimino, D, Bani, L, AMBROSINI, ROBERTO, ORIOLI, VALERIO, MASSIMINO, DARIO, BANI, LUCIANO, Ambrosini, R, Orioli, V, Massimino, D, Bani, L, AMBROSINI, ROBERTO, ORIOLI, VALERIO, MASSIMINO, DARIO, and BANI, LUCIANO

Abstract

To identify the causes of population decline in migratory birds, researchers must determine the relative influence of environmental changes on population dynamics while the birds are on breeding grounds, wintering grounds, and en route between the two. This is problematic when the wintering areas of specific populations are unknown. Here, we first identified the putative wintering areas of Common House-Martin (Delichon urbicum) and Common Swift (Apus apus) populations breeding in northern Italy as those areas, within the wintering ranges of these species, where the winter Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which may affect winter survival, best predicted annual variation in population indices observed in the breeding grounds in 1992–2009. In these analyses, we controlled for the potentially confounding effects of rainfall in the breeding grounds during the previous year, which may affect reproductive success; the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAO), which may account for climatic conditions faced by birds during migration; and the linear and squared term of year, which account for nonlinear population trends. The areas thus identified ranged from Guinea to Nigeria for the Common House-Martin, and were located in southern Ghana for the Common Swift. We then regressed annual population indices on mean NDVI values in the putative wintering areas and on the other variables, and used Bayesian model averaging (BMA) and hierarchical partitioning (HP) of variance to assess their relative contribution to population dynamics. We re-ran all the analyses using NDVI values at different spatial scales, and consistently found that our population of Common House-Martin was primarily affected by spring rainfall (43%–47.7% explained variance) and NDVI (24%–26.9%), while the Common Swift population was primarily affected by the NDVI (22.7%–34.8%). Although these results must be further validated, currently they are the only hypotheses about the wintering grounds of the

Published
2011

52. Usefulness of coarse grain data on forest management to improve bird abundance models

Author

Massimino, D, Orioli, V, Pizzardi, F, Massa, R, Bani, L, MASSIMINO, DARIO, ORIOLI, VALERIO, MASSA, RENATO IGNAZIO, BANI, LUCIANO, Massimino, D, Orioli, V, Pizzardi, F, Massa, R, Bani, L, MASSIMINO, DARIO, ORIOLI, VALERIO, MASSA, RENATO IGNAZIO, and BANI, LUCIANO

Abstract

We tested the use of coarse grain data on forest management systems to improve habitat suitability models in predicting distribution and abundance of five bird species, nesting in broadleaf forests in Lombardy ( Italy). They were the long-tailed tit Aegithalos caudatus, marsh tit Poecile palustris, blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus, wood nuthatch Sitta europaea and short-toed tree-creeper Certhia brachydactyla. Bird data were collected from 4552 point counts from 1992 to 2002. To model the habitat suitability for each species, we used generalized linear models with negative binomial distribution and log link function. Environmental predictors were land-use fractional covers, forest isolation, elevation, slope, aspect, and coarse grain data on forest management systems aggregated for administrative provinces. They were selected by a stepwise procedure based on the Bayesian Informative Criterion. Predictors on forest management system were useful to improve model fit for all cavity-nesting species, which was also shown to be affected by forest isolation. The long-tailed tit, which is not an obligate cavity nester, did not exhibit any preference with respect either to forest management or isolation.

Published
2010

54. Assessment of population trends of common breeding birds in Lombardy, Northern Italy, 1992-2007

Author

Bani, L, Massimino, D, Orioli, V, Bottoni, L, Massa, R, BANI, LUCIANO, MASSIMINO, DARIO, ORIOLI, VALERIO, BOTTONI, LUCIANA, MASSA, RENATO IGNAZIO, Bani, L, Massimino, D, Orioli, V, Bottoni, L, Massa, R, BANI, LUCIANO, MASSIMINO, DARIO, ORIOLI, VALERIO, BOTTONI, LUCIANA, and MASSA, RENATO IGNAZIO

Abstract

A knowledge of population trends is essential in order to assess the conservation status of a species and to develop practices to manage ecologically sustainable land use. However, monitoring programmes designed to assess trends are often not carried out due to their high operating costs. Therefore, in order to obtain population trend estimates without a specific monitoring programme, it is necessary to use heterogeneous historical information. The aim of this research was to assess population indices and trends between 1992 and 2007 for common bird species breeding in Lombardy (Italy), applying a previously developed method, which permits data derived from different survey projects to be utilised. Among the 51 species considered, there were seven negative and 10 positive trends, whereas the remaining species did not show a significant population change. Major declines regarded farmland species, namely the Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio and the Sky Lark Alauda arvensis which, over a 15 year period, decreased by more than 70%. Among forest species, the Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita declined, whereas the others either increased or did not demonstrate a significant trend. The population index also highlighted recurring patterns of inter-annual changes in the populations of different species, suggesting that certain ecological processes may have an effect on the whole community. The general decline of farmland species, which is known to occur in many other European regions, suggests the need for specific monitoring schemes for birds and their habitats, in order to understand the effects of changes in agricultural practices and to be able to plan effective measures for bird conservation in productive areas.

Published
2009

55. Partial recovery of an African rainforest bird community 35 years after logging

Author

Massimino, D, Masin, S, Bani, L, Dranzoa, C, Massa, R, MASSIMINO, DARIO, BANI, LUCIANO, MASSA, RENATO IGNAZIO, Massimino, D, Masin, S, Bani, L, Dranzoa, C, Massa, R, MASSIMINO, DARIO, BANI, LUCIANO, and MASSA, RENATO IGNAZIO

Abstract

Tropical rainforests suffer from fragmentation and degradation, with consequences such as the decline of interior or most selective species. For this reason, researches have been undertaken to investigate the effects of these disturbance processes, with the possibility of developing appropriate restoration plans. This research aimed to study the bird community composition of a degraded forest 33 years after intensive logging occurred in 1968-1969. Surveys were conducted in 2003-2006 by mist netting in the Kanya-wara area in Kibale National Park (Uganda) and the results were compared to those obtained by previous research in 1991-1993 at the same site and in a contiguous primary forest. We found that the ratio between forest interior specialists and forest generalists was 1.79, an intermediate value between 1.03 and 2.17 found respectively in the logged and unlogged study sites in the earlier research. We therefore suggest that about 35 years after intensive logging, our study area has partially recuperated a bird community typical of a mature forest, even though a significant alteration, probably due to the incomplete recovery of all lost ecological niches, still remains.

Published
2008

56. Population trend assessment on a large spatial scale: integrating data collected with heterogeneous sampling schemes by means of habitat modelling

Author

Massimino, D, Orioli, V, Massa, R, Bani, L, MASSIMINO, DARIO, ORIOLI, VALERIO, MASSA, RENATO IGNAZIO, BANI, LUCIANO, Massimino, D, Orioli, V, Massa, R, Bani, L, MASSIMINO, DARIO, ORIOLI, VALERIO, MASSA, RENATO IGNAZIO, and BANI, LUCIANO

Abstract

The assessment of population trends is fundamental in conservation science, but requires a monitoring programme with a specific sampling scheme that is often unrealizable due to high operating costs. For this reason, and considering that historical data would be very valuable for the assessment of overall trends, we developed a method for analysing population trends by using census data collected with the same survey technique, but acquired with different sampling strategies. Data on three bird species (skylark Alauda arvensis, swallow Hirundo rustica and nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos) coming from different point count surveys performed in Lombardy (Italy) between 1992 and 2005 were used. We corrected the bias due to the different sampling schemes by defining a population index as the ratio between the numbers of observed and expected (from a habitat suitability model) bird pairs in each point count. For each species, the overall trend for the period was assessed by fitting the mean population index calculated for each year. Population indices showed a significant negative trend for the skylark and nightingale and a marginally significant negative trend for the swallow. Trends were more negative in marginally suitable than in highly suitable habitats for all species. Validation of the population indices using an unbiased independent data set showed the effectiveness of our method in estimating population variations. However, its application must be considered carefully when the explained deviance of the suitability model is low or when land use may have changed substantially.

Published
2008

58. Phenological sensitivity to climate across taxa and trophic levels

Author

Thackeray, Stephen J., Henrys, Peter A., Hemming, Deborah, Bell, James R., Botham, Marc S., Burthe, Sarah, Helaouet, Pierre, Johns, David G., Jones, Ian D., Leech, David I., Mackay, Eleanor B., Massimino, Dario, Atkinson, Sian, Bacon, Philip J., Brereton, Tom M., Carvalho, Laurence, Clutton-Brock, Tim H., Duck, Callan, Edwards, Martin, Elliott, J. Malcolm, Hall, Stephen J. G., Harrington, Richard, Pearce-Higgins, James W., Høye, Toke T., Kruuk, Loeske E. B., Pemberton, Josephine M., Sparks, Tim H., Thompson, Paul M., White, Ian, Winfield, Ian J., and Wanless, Sarah

Abstract

Differences in phenological responses to climate change among species can desynchronise ecological interactions and thereby threaten ecosystem function. To assess these threats, we must quantify the relative impact of climate change on species at different trophic levels. Here, we apply a Climate Sensitivity Profile approach to 10,003 terrestrial and aquatic phenological data sets, spatially matched to temperature and precipitation data, to quantify variation in climate sensitivity. The direction, magnitude and timing of climate sensitivity varied markedly among organisms within taxonomic and trophic groups. Despite this variability, we detected systematic variation in the direction and magnitude of phenological climate sensitivity. Secondary consumers showed consistently lower climate sensitivity than other groups. We used mid-century climate change projections to estimate that the timing of phenological events could change more for primary consumers than for species in other trophic levels (6.2 versus 2.5–2.9 days earlier on average), with substantial taxonomic variation (1.1–14.8 days earlier on average).

Published
2017
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62. Evidence for contrasting causes of population change in two closely related, sympatric breeding species the Whinchat Saxicola rubetra and Stonechat Saxicola torquata in Britain.

Author

Henderson, Ian, Calladine, John, Massimino, Dario, Taylor, Jennifer A., and Gillings, Simon

Abstract

CapsuleThe recent population decline of Whinchats has accelerated, including core breeding areas of Britain. Contrasting patterns of change with Stonechat suggest a large-scale environmental driver is affecting the entire Whinchat population. AimsTo explore broad geographical and landscape related differences in long-term patterns of population change in the Whinchat and Stonechat across Britain to identify candidate mechanisms of change. MethodsThe study uses 40 years of large-scale, long-term data from a series of three atlas studies to compare trends in range and abundance in Whinchats and Stonechats relative to landscape and weather variables. ResultsFor Whinchats there has been a long-term and accelerating decline in abundance, that includes stronghold areas of Britain. The Stonechat population has undergone a net gain in abundance with regional and altitudinal variations. These two very different patterns of change suggest the relative ubiquity of decline in Whinchats has a common source affecting the whole population. ConclusionsThe scale and magnitude of decline in Whinchats should stimulate a revision of the species conservation status in Britain, with renewed focus on studying the species' ecology across its breeding and winter range in order to determine the likely large-scale drivers of its decline. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2014
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63. Large-scale spatial distribution of breeding Barn Swallows Hirundo rustica in relation to cattle farming.

Author

Ambrosini, Roberto, Bani, Luciano, Massimino, Dario, Fornasari, Lorenzo, and Saino, Nicola

Abstract

Capsule The information on the spatial distribution of cattle farming stored in public bovine computerized databases can predict the distribution and abundance of breeding Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica L. across Europe. Aims To develop and validate models of habitat factors which account for the distribution of breeding Barn Swallow colonies. Results The models were based on data on the distribution of cattle farming provided by the public Bovine Computerized Database of the Regione Lombardia (northern Italy). Cattle distribution was a strong predictor of presence and size of Barn Swallow colonies as well as of the number of swallow colonies in a municipality. The models were robust and passed a cross-validation procedure and were used to estimate the spatial distribution of about 116,000 breeding pairs in a wide area (8695 km2) of the low Po plain of northern Italy in 2001. Conclusions Bovine computerized databases are mandatory in all European Union (EU) countries according to the EU Regulation (CE) 1760/2000. They may serve as a basis for wide scale modelling of the distribution and abundance of breeding Barn Swallow in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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64. Long-term and large-scale multispecies dataset tracking population changes of common European breeding birds

Author

Brlík, Vojtěch, Šilarová, Eva, Škorpilová, Jana, Alonso, Hany, Anton, Marc, Aunins, Ainars, Benkö, Zoltán, Biver, Gilles, Busch, Malte, Chodkiewicz, Tomasz, Chylarecki, Przemysław, Coombes, Dick, de Carli, Elisabetta, del Moral, Juan C., Derouaux, Antoine, Dumbović Mazal, Vlatka, Escandell, Virginia, Eskildsen, Daniel P., Fontaine, Benoît, Foppen, Ruud P. B., Gamero, Anna, Gregory, Richard D., Harris, Sarah, Herrando, Sergi, Hristov, Iordan, Husby, Magne, Ieronymidou, Christina, Jiguet, Frédéric, Kålås, John A., Kamp, Johannes, Kmecl, Primož, Kurlavičius, Petras, Lehikoinen, Aleksi, Lewis, Lesley, Lindström, Åke, Manolopoulos, Aris, Martí, David, Massimino, Dario, Moshøj, Charlotte, Nellis, Renno, Noble, David, Paquet, Alain, Paquet, Jean-Yves, Pladevall, Clara, Portolou, Danae, Ramírez, Iván, Redel, Cindy, Reif, Jiří, Ridzoň, Jozef, Schmid, Hans, Seaman, Benjamin, Silva, Laura, Soldaat, Leo, Spasov, Svetoslav, Staneva, Anna, Szép, Tibor, Tellini Florenzano, Guido, Teufelbauer, Norbert, Trautmann, Sven, van der Meij, Tom, van Strien, Arco, van Turnhout, Chris, Vermeersch, Glenn, Vermouzek, Zdeněk, Vikstrøm, Thomas, Voříšek, Petr, Weiserbs, Anne, and Klvaňová, Alena

Subjects
birds, biodiversity monitoring, citizen science, continental data, population dynamics, species index, 15. Life on land, species trend
Abstract

Around fifteen thousand fieldworkers annually count breeding birds using standardized protocols in 30 European countries. The observations are collected by using country-specific and standardized protocols, validated, summarized and finally used for the production of continent-wide annual and long-term indices of population size changes of 170 species. Here, we present the database and provide a detailed summary of the methodology used for fieldwork and calculation of the relative population size change estimates. We also provide a brief overview of how the data are used in research, conservation and policy. We believe this unique database, based on decades of bird monitoring alongside the comprehensive summary of its methodology, will facilitate and encourage further use of the Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme results. The Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme database is organised into five datasets: (1) European species indices, (2) European species trends, (3) European species trends for three short periods, (4) a list of details on the national monitoring schemes and (5) a matrix of countries providing data for population size estimates of individual species. Moreover, national-level species indices and uncertainty estimates are also available in the PECBMS database. Due to specific privacy ownership rights, the most recent (2016-2017) data from Spain (10.5281/zenodo.4590140) and Cyprus (10.5281/zenodo.4590189) are under Restricted Access and researchers interested in these most recent updates are required to provide a brief description of the data use. The Austrian and Portuguese datasets are publicly available but researchers using these datasets are kindly requested to notify the national scheme coordinators of their use. A list of regularly updated contacts to all national scheme coordinators is provided at the PECBMS website (https://pecbms.info/country/). We aim to maintain the PECBMS database with annual updates. The annual updates will be available through the PECBMS database deposited at this Zenodo repository to ensure long-term public availability of the data. Updates on data acquisiton and data processing in the dataset released in 2021 are available from: https://pecbms.info/what-is-new-in-2021-data-update/ Updates on data acquisiton and data processing in the dataset released in 2022 are available from: https://pecbms.info/what-is-new-in-2022-data-update/

65. Long-term and large-scale multispecies dataset tracking population changes of common European breeding birds

Author

Brlík, Vojtěch, Šilarová, Eva, Škorpilová, Jana, Alonso, Hany, Anton, Marc, Aunins, Ainars, Benkö, Zoltán, Biver, Gilles, Busch, Malte, Chodkiewicz, Tomasz, Chylarecki, Przemysław, Coombes, Dick, de Carli, Elisabetta, del Moral, Juan C., Derouaux, Antoine, Escandell, Virginia, Eskildsen, Daniel P., Fontaine, Benoît, Foppen, Ruud P. B., Gamero, Anna, Gregory, Richard D., Harris, Sarah, Herrando, Sergi, Hristov, Iordan, Husby, Magne, Ieronymidou, Christina, Jiquet, Frédéric, Kålås, John A., Kamp, Johannes, Kmecl, Primož, Kurlavičius, Petras, Lehikoinen, Aleksi, Lewis, Lesley, Lindström, Åke, Manolopoulos, Aris, Martí, David, Massimino, Dario, Moshøj, Charlotte, Nellis, Renno, Noble, David, Paquet, Alain, Paquet, Jean-Yves, Portolou, Danae, Ramírez, Iván, Redel, Cindy, Reif, Jiří, Ridzoň, Jozef, Schmid, Hans, Seaman, Benjamin, Silva, Laura, Soldaat, Leo, Spasov, Svetoslav, Staneva, Anna, Szép, Tibor, Tellini Florenzano, Guido, Teufelbauer, Norbert, Trautmann, Sven, van der Meij, Tom, van Strien, Arco, van Turnhout, Chris, Vermeersch, Glenn, Vermouzek, Zdeněk, Vikstrøm, Thomas, Voříšek, Petr, Weiserbs, Anne, and Klvaňová, Alena

Subjects
birds, biodiversity monitoring, citizen science, continental data, population dynamics, species index, 15. Life on land, species trend
Abstract

Around fifteen thousand fieldworkers annually count breeding birds using standardized protocols in 28 European countries. The observations are collected by using country-specific and standardized protocols, validated, summarized and finally used for the production of continent-wide annual and long-term indices of population size changes of 170 species. Here, we present the database and provide a detailed summary of the methodology used for fieldwork and calculation of the relative population size change estimates. We also provide a brief overview of how the data are used in research, conservation and policy. We believe this unique database, based on decades of bird monitoring alongside the comprehensive summary of its methodology, will facilitate and encourage further use of the Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme results. The Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme database is organised into five datasets: (1) European species indices, (2) European species trends, (3) European species trends for three short periods, (4) a list of details on the national monitoring schemes and (5) a matrix of countries providing data for population size estimates of individual species. Moreover, national-level species indices and uncertainty estimates are also available in the PECBMS database. Due to specific privacy ownership rights, the most recent (2016-2017) data from Spain (10.5281/zenodo.4590140) and Cyprus (10.5281/zenodo.4590189) are under Restricted Access and researchers interested in these most recent updates are required to provide a brief description of the data use. The Austrian and Portuguese datasets are publicly available but researchers using these datasets are kindly requested to notify the national scheme coordinators of their use. A list of regularly updated contacts to all national scheme coordinators is provided at the PECBMSwebsite (https://pecbms.info/country/). We aim to maintain the PECBMS database with annual updates. The annual updates will be available through the PECBMS database deposited at this Zenodo repository to ensure long-term public availability of the data.

66. Long-term and large-scale multispecies dataset tracking population changes of common European breeding birds

Author

Brlík, Vojtěch, Šilarová, Eva, Škorpilová, Jana, Alonso, Hany, Anton, Marc, Aunins, Ainars, Benkö, Zoltán, Biver, Gilles, Busch, Malte, Chodkiewicz, Tomasz, Chylarecki, Przemysław, Coombes, Dick, de Carli, Elisabetta, del Moral, Juan C., Derouaux, Antoine, Escandell, Virginia, Eskildsen, Daniel P., Fontaine, Benoît, Foppen, Ruud P. B., Gamero, Anna, Gregory, Richard D., Harris, Sarah, Herrando, Sergi, Hristov, Iordan, Husby, Magne, Ieronymidou, Christina, Jiquet, Frédéric, Kålås, John A., Kamp, Johannes, Kmecl, Primož, Kurlavičius, Petras, Lehikoinen, Aleksi, Lewis, Lesley, Lindström, Åke, Manolopoulos, Aris, Martí, David, Massimino, Dario, Moshøj, Charlotte, Nellis, Renno, Noble, David, Paquet, Alain, Paquet, Jean-Yves, Portolou, Danae, Ramírez, Iván, Redel, Cindy, Reif, Jiří, Ridzoň, Jozef, Schmid, Hans, Seaman, Benjamin, Silva, Laura, Soldaat, Leo, Spasov, Svetoslav, Staneva, Anna, Szép, Tibor, Tellini Florenzano, Guido, Teufelbauer, Norbert, Trautmann, Sven, van der Meij, Tom, van Strien, Arco, van Turnhout, Chris, Vermeersch, Glenn, Vermouzek, Zdeněk, Vikstrøm, Thomas, Voříšek, Petr, Weiserbs, Anne, and Klvaňová, Alena

Subjects
birds, biodiversity monitoring, citizen science, continental data, population dynamics, species index, 15. Life on land, species trend
Abstract

Around fifteen thousand fieldworkers annually count breeding birds using standardized protocols in 28 European countries. The observations are collected by using country-specific and standardized protocols, validated, summarized and finally used for the production of continent-wide annual and long-term indices of population size changes of 170 species. Here, we present the database and provide a detailed summary of the methodology used for fieldwork and calculation of the relative population size change estimates. We also provide a brief overview of how the data are used in research, conservation and policy. We believe this unique database, based on decades of bird monitoring alongside the comprehensive summary of its methodology, will facilitate and encourage further use of the Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme results. The Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme database is organised into five datasets: (1) European species indices, (2) European species trends, (3) European species trends for three short periods, (4) a list of details on the national monitoring schemes and (5) a matrix of countries providing data for population size estimates of individual species. We aim to maintain the PECBMS database with annual updates. The annual updates will be available through the PECBMS database deposited at this Zenodo repository to ensure long-term public availability of the data.

67. Long-term and large-scale multispecies dataset tracking population changes of common European breeding birds

Author

Brlík, Vojtěch, Šilarová, Eva, Škorpilová, Jana, Alonso, Hany, Anton, Marc, Aunins, Ainars, Benkö, Zoltán, Biver, Gilles, Busch, Malte, Chodkiewicz, Tomasz, Chylarecki, Przemysław, Coombes, Dick, de Carli, Elisabetta, del Moral, Juan C., Derouaux, Antoine, Escandell, Virginia, Eskildsen, Daniel P., Fontaine, Benoît, Foppen, Ruud P. B., Gamero, Anna, Gregory, Richard D., Harris, Sarah, Herrando, Sergi, Hristov, Iordan, Husby, Magne, Ieronymidou, Christina, Jiquet, Frédéric, Kålås, John A., Kamp, Johannes, Kmecl, Primož, Kurlavičius, Petras, Lehikoinen, Aleksi, Lewis, Lesley, Lindström, Åke, Manolopoulos, Aris, Martí, David, Massimino, Dario, Moshøj, Charlotte, Nellis, Renno, Noble, David, Paquet, Alain, Paquet, Jean-Yves, Portolou, Danae, Ramírez, Iván, Redel, Cindy, Reif, Jiří, Ridzoň, Jozef, Schmid, Hans, Seaman, Benjamin, Silva, Laura, Soldaat, Leo, Spasov, Svetoslav, Staneva, Anna, Szép, Tibor, Tellini Florenzano, Guido, Teufelbauer, Norbert, Trautmann, Sven, van der Meij, Tom, van Strien, Arco, van Turnhout, Chris, Vermeersch, Glenn, Vermouzek, Zdeněk, Vikstrøm, Thomas, Voříšek, Petr, Weiserbs, Anne, and Klvaňová, Alena

Subjects
birds, biodiversity monitoring, citizen science, continental data, population dynamics, species index, 15. Life on land, species trend
Abstract

Around fifteen thousand fieldworkers annually count breeding birds using standardized protocols in 28 European countries. The observations are collected by using country-specific and standardized protocols, validated, summarized and finally used for the production of continent-wide annual and long-term indices of population size changes of 170 species. Here, we present the database and provide a detailed summary of the methodology used for fieldwork and calculation of the relative population size change estimates. We also provide a brief overview of how the data are used in research, conservation and policy. We believe this unique database, based on decades of bird monitoring alongside the comprehensive summary of its methodology, will facilitate and encourage further use of the Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme results. The Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme database is organised into five datasets: (1) European species indices, (2) European species trends, (3) European species trends for three short periods, (4) a list of details on the national monitoring schemes and (5) a matrix of countries providing data for population size estimates of individual species. We aim to maintain the PECBMS database with annual updates. The annual updates will be available through the PECBMS database deposited at this Zenodo repository to ensure long-term public availability of the data.

68. Population responses of bird populations to climate change on two continents vary with species’ ecological traits but not with direction of change in climate suitability

Author

Mason, Lucy R., Green, Rhys E., Howard, Christine, Stephens, Philip A., Willis, Stephen G., Aunins, Ainars, Brotons, Lluís, Chodkiewicz, Tomasz, Chylarecki, Przemysław, Escandell, Virginia, Foppen, Ruud P. B., Herrando, Sergi, Husby, Magne, Jiguet, Frédéric, Kålås, John Atle, Lindström, Åke, Massimino, Dario, Moshøj, Charlotte, Nellis, Renno, Paquet, Jean-Yves, Reif, Jiří, Sirkiä, Päivi M., Szép, Tibor, Florenzano, Guido Tellini, Teufelbauer, Norbert, Trautmann, Sven, Van Strien, Arco, Van Turnhout, Chris A. M., Voříšek, Petr, and Gregory, Richard D.

Subjects
13. Climate action, 15. Life on land, Article
Abstract

Funder: Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Funder: European Environment Agency; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000806, Funder: European Commission, Funder: Durham University Grevillea Trust, Climate change is a major global threat to biodiversity with widespread impacts on ecological communities. Evidence for beneficial impacts on populations is perceived to be stronger and more plentiful than that for negative impacts, but few studies have investigated this apparent disparity, or how ecological factors affect population responses to climatic change. We examined the strength of the relationship between species-specific regional population changes and climate suitability trends (CST), using 30-year datasets of population change for 525 breeding bird species in Europe and the USA. These data indicate a consistent positive relationship between population trend and CST across the two continents. Importantly, we found no evidence that this positive relationship differs between species expected to be negatively and positively impacted across the entire taxonomic group, suggesting that climate change is causing equally strong, quantifiable population increases and declines. Species’ responses to changing climatic suitability varied with ecological traits, however, particularly breeding habitat preference and body mass. Species associated with inland wetlands responded most strongly and consistently to recent climatic change. In Europe, smaller species also appeared to respond more strongly, whilst the relationship with body mass was less clear-cut for North American birds. Overall, our results identify the role of certain traits in modulating responses to climate change and emphasise the importance of long-term data on abundance for detecting large-scale species’ responses to environmental changes.

69. Phenological sensitivity to climate across taxa and trophic levels

Author

Thackeray, Stephen J., Henrys, Peter A., Hemming, Deborah, Bell, James R., Botham, Marc S., Burthe, Sarah, Helaouet, Pierre, Johns, David G., Jones, Ian D., Leech, David I., Mackay, Eleanor B., Massimino, Dario, Atkinson, Sian, Bacon, Philip J., Brereton, Tom M., Carvalho, Laurence, Clutton-Brock, Tim H., Duck, Callan, Edwards, Martin, Elliott, J. Malcolm, Hall, Stephen J. G., Harrington, Richard, Pearce-Higgins, James W., Høye, Toke T., Kruuk, Loeske E. B., Pemberton, Josephine M., Sparks, Tim H., Thompson, Paul M., White, Ian, Winfield, Ian J., Wanless, Sarah, Thackeray, Stephen J., Henrys, Peter A., Hemming, Deborah, Bell, James R., Botham, Marc S., Burthe, Sarah, Helaouet, Pierre, Johns, David G., Jones, Ian D., Leech, David I., Mackay, Eleanor B., Massimino, Dario, Atkinson, Sian, Bacon, Philip J., Brereton, Tom M., Carvalho, Laurence, Clutton-Brock, Tim H., Duck, Callan, Edwards, Martin, Elliott, J. Malcolm, Hall, Stephen J. G., Harrington, Richard, Pearce-Higgins, James W., Høye, Toke T., Kruuk, Loeske E. B., Pemberton, Josephine M., Sparks, Tim H., Thompson, Paul M., White, Ian, Winfield, Ian J., and Wanless, Sarah

Abstract

Differences in phenological responses to climate change among species can desynchronise ecological interactions and thereby threaten ecosystem function. To assess these threats, we must quantify the relative impact of climate change on species at different trophic levels. Here, we apply a Climate Sensitivity Profile approach to 10,003 terrestrial and aquatic phenological data sets, spatially matched to temperature and precipitation data, to quantify variation in climate sensitivity. The direction, magnitude and timing of climate sensitivity varied markedly among organisms within taxonomic and trophic groups. Despite this variability, we detected systematic variation in the direction and magnitude of phenological climate sensitivity. Secondary consumers showed consistently lower climate sensitivity than other groups. We used mid-century climate change projections to estimate that the timing of phenological events could change more for primary consumers than for species in other trophic levels (6.2 versus 2.5–2.9 days earlier on average), with substantial taxonomic variation (1.1–14.8 days earlier on average).

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