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Two varieties of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba), differing in drought tolerance according to the classification of the International Center for Agronomic Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA), were irrigated with waters of three different salinity levels in a lysimeter experiment to analyse their salt tolerance. The drought-sensitive varieties are more salt tolerant than the drought-tolerant varieties. Under saline conditions, the drought-sensitive varieties show a much higher yield up to a salinity threshold, corresponding with an electrical conductivity (ECe) between 2.5 and 3 dS/m for chickpea and between 5.5 and 6 dS/m for faba bean. The drought-sensitive varieties are able to improve or maintain the water-use efficiency when irrigated with saline water. This ability can be ascribed to • the larger biomass production owing to the later senescence, which allows a better utilization of the irrigation water; • the late flowering of chickpea.

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To re-evaluate the use of CT-guided needle biopsy and VATS, as our combined approach protocol for the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral pulmonary nodules.We describe the case of a male smoking patient, 50-year-old, who came to our service for the histological diagnosis of a right pulmonary lesion incidentally revealed. He was submitted to our diagnostic and therapeutic protocol for peripheral pulmonary nodules, that is a combined approach of CT-guided needle biopsy, anchorage of the lesion and VATS resection. Difficulties with this technique can raise when: 1. the cytological CT-guided needle biopsy is not diagnostic, 2. the anchorage is not successful, 3. the malignancy of the lesion cannot be surely determined by the extemporary histological examination. In this patient all these difficulties were encountered.We conclude that our diagnostic and therapeutic protocol for peripheral pulmonary nodules is not invalidated by this experience, even in consideration of the fact that we applied successfully the protocol in several previous cases.

To re-evaluate the use of 111In-pentetreotide scintigraphy (Octreoscan) in the follow-up of patients operated for carcinoids, as second-step investigation, after chest X-ray, CT-scan and serological marker' levels.We describe the case of a female patient, 58-year-old, operated on for a non-secretory lung carcinoid. Five years after surgery, the CT-scan showed the enlargement of the bilateral hylo-mediastinal lymph nodes, suggestive for carcinoid recurrences. In order to confirm that, the patient was submitted to an Octreoscan that showed the presence of enlarged hylo-mediastinal adenopathies matching with the lesions observed at the CT-scan. Because the serological examination of NSE, chromogranin and serotonin, and the 5-HIIA were in the normal range, the patient was submitted to a lymph node biopsy through a mediastinoscopy. The histological examination of the specimens revealed a sarcoidosis and the patient was started on steroid therapy with good outcome.We conclude that: 1. the octreoscan scintigraphy in the follow-up of resected carcinoids can give false-positive results and 2. in consequence, the mediastinoscopy is a discriminating investigation in case of mediastinal lymph nodes disease.

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Irrigation of horticultural crops; International audience

Irrigation of horticultural crops; International audience

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National audience; The effects of water stress occuring at various periods during the growth cycle of peppers was studied in greenhouse-grown plants under stable climatic conditions (table II). The method used to provoke water stress was the Robelin method, which consists of applying an identical dryness coefficient (ratio of plant transpiration during dryingout phase to maximum transpiration of the same well-irrigated plants) for a certain time period and during a certain vegetative phase. This method was applied to 4 phenological stages: vegetative growth, early flowering, early fruit setting, and fruit formation (table I, fig 1). A theoretical analysis of the dryness coefficient shows that climatic conditions (temperature, wind speed) and leaf surface are elements affecting the intensity of the water stress provoked when this coefficient is applied for short time periods (h, d). Under the present experimental conditions (stable climatic conditions, dryness coefficient applied every 10 d) and using direct measurements of plant water status, the authors note that water stress is of comparable intensity during phenological stages with high leaf surfaces (flowering, early fruit setting, and fruit formation stages) and that, on the other hand, water stress intensity is markedly reduced when leaf surface is low (fig 2). These observations are the basis for certain suggestions aiming at a better adaptation of the Robelin method to research objectives. An evaluation of the sensitivity of phenological stages submitted to identical water stress was obtained by comparing (fig 3, table IV) 4 yield components analyzed on a plant scale (bulk and dry weight, fruit size and number) to those of a well-irrigated plant (table III). The sensitivity is greater at the early fruit setting stage than at the flowering or fruit formation stages. These observations could have an effect on methods for care and irrigation of peppers.; L’action d’une contrainte hydrique intervenant à différents moments du cycle végétatif du poivron a été étudiée en serre sur des plantes cultivées dans des conditions climatiques stables. La méthode retenue pour provoquer la contrainte hydrique est celle de Robelin, elle consiste à appliquer un coefficient de sécheresse identique (rapport des transpirations des plantes en cours de dessèchement et des transpirations maximales des mêmes plantes bien irriguées) pendant un certain temps et une certaine période de végétation. Cette méthode a été appliquée sur 4 stades phénologiques : végétatif, début de floraison, début de nouaison et formation des fruits. L’analyse théorique du coefficient de sécheresse a montré que les conditions climatiques (température, vitesse du vent) et la surface foliaire sont des éléments intervenant dans l’intensité de la contrainte hydrique provoquée lors de l’application de ce coefficient pour des courtes durées (heure, jour). Dans nos conditions expérimentales (conditions climatiques stables, coefficient de sécheresse appliqué à l’échelle décadaire), nous avons noté à partir des mesures directes de l’état hydrique de la plante, que la contrainte hydrique est d’intensité assez voisine au cours des stades phénologiques ayant une surface foliaire proche (stades floraison, nouaison et formation des fruits); en revanche, l’intensité de la contrainte hydrique est nettement inférieure lorsque la surface foliaire est faible (stade végétatif). Ces observations ont été à l’origine de quelques suggestions permettant de mieux adapter la méthode de Robelin à l’objectif recherché. L’évolution de la sensibilité des stades phénologiques soumis à une contrainte hydrique identique a été obtenue en comparant 4 composantes du rendement, analysées à l’échelle de la plante (poids frais et sec, la taille, et le nombre des fruits) par rapport à un témoin bien irrigué. La sensibilité est plus accusée au stade de nouaison qu’aux stades de floraison et de formation des fruits. Ces observations peuvent avoir des incidences sur la gestion de l’irrigation du poivron.