299 results on '"Maturilli, Marion"'
Search Results
52. Review of multiple-payload radiosonde sounding configurations for determining best-practice guidance for GRUAN sites
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Jauhiainen, Hannu, Fujiwara, Masatomo, Philipona, Rolf, Dirksen, Ruud, Hurst, Dale F., Kivi, Rigel, Vömel, Holger, Demoz, Belay, Kizu, Nobuhiko, Oakley, Tim, Shimizu, Kensaku, Maturilli, Marion, Leblanc, Thierry, Madonna, Fabio, and Querel, Richard
- Abstract
Various rigging configurations for multiple-payload radiosonde soundings have been used when characterizing different radiosonde instruments, when changing the radiosonde model at operational radiosonde sites or when flying specially developed scientific sensors together with a radiosonde. This paper describes such rigging configurations currently in use at sites of the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Reference Upper Air Network (GRUAN) or having been used during recent international radiosonde intercomparison campaigns. The advantages and potential issues for each configuration are discussed in detail. Though it is difficult to provide one single recommendation for all conditions, the paper aims at providing all the key information relevant to the multiple-payload configurations towards the future determination of the best-practice guidance for GRUAN and other sites.
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- 2019
53. Cloud microphysical processes during ISLAS 2020 campaign in Ny-��lesund
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Dekhtyareva, Alena, Maturilli, Marion, Ebell, Kerstin, Johannessen, Aina, Seidl, Andrew W, Jonassen, Marius O, Hermansen, Ove, Welker, Jeffrey M, and Sodemann, Harald
- Published
- 2021
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54. Foehn effect during easterly flow over Svalbard
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Shestakova, Anna A., primary, Chechin, Dmitry G., additional, Lüpkes, Christof, additional, Hartmann, Jörg, additional, and Maturilli, Marion, additional
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- 2021
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55. The uncertainty of UTCI due to uncertainties in the determination of radiation fluxes derived from measured and observed meteorological data
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Weihs, Philipp, Staiger, Henning, Tinz, Birger, Batchvarova, Ekaterina, Rieder, Harald, Vuilleumier, Laurent, Maturilli, Marion, and Jendritzky, Gerd
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- 2012
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56. Marine cold air outbreaks in Fram Strait – General increase in March and a special case in 2020
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Dahlke, Sandro, primary, Solbes, Amelie, additional, and Maturilli, Marion, additional
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- 2021
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57. Near‐Complete Local Reduction of Arctic Stratospheric Ozone by Severe Chemical Loss in Spring 2020
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Wohltmann, Ingo, primary, von der Gathen, Peter, additional, Lehmann, Ralph, additional, Maturilli, Marion, additional, Deckelmann, Holger, additional, Manney, Gloria, additional, Davies, Jonathan, additional, Tarasick, David, additional, Jepsen, Nis, additional, Kivi, Rigel, additional, Lyall, Norrie, additional, and Rex, Markus, additional
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- 2021
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58. Siberian fire smoke in the High-Arctic winter stratosphere observed during MOSAiC 2019–2020
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Ohneiser, Kevin, primary, Ansmann, Albert, additional, Engelmann, Ronny, additional, Ritter, Christoph, additional, Chudnovsky, Alexandra, additional, Veselovskii, Igor, additional, Baars, Holger, additional, Gebauer, Henriette, additional, Griesche, Hannes, additional, Radenz, Martin, additional, Hofer, Julian, additional, Althausen, Dietrich, additional, Dahlke, Sandro, additional, and Maturilli, Marion, additional
- Published
- 2021
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59. Advanced method for estimating the number concentration of cloud water and liquid water content observed by cloud particle sensor sondes
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Inoue, Jun, primary, Sato, Kazutoshi, additional, Tobo, Yutaka, additional, Taketani, Fumikazu, additional, and Maturilli, Marion, additional
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- 2021
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60. Long-term monitoring of landfast sea ice extent and thickness in Kongsfjorden, and related applications
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Gerland, Sebastian, Pavlova, Olga, Divine, Dimitry, Negrel, Jean, Dahlke, Sandro, Johansson, A Malin, Maturilli, Marion, and Semmling, Maximilian
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Svalbard ,climate change ,fast ice ,time series ,Kongsfjorden ,sea ice - Abstract
This is chapter 6 of the State of Environmental Science in Svalbard (SESS) report 2019 (https://sios-svalbard.org/SESS_Issue2). Landfast sea ice (ice anchored to the shore) covers the inner parts of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, in winter and spring, and is an important feature for the physical and biological fjord systems. Systematic fast-ice monitoring for Kongsfjorden, as a part of a long-term project at the Norwegian Polar Institute (NPI), started in 2003. It includes ice extent mapping and in situ measurements of ice and snow thickness. The permanent presence of NPI staff at Ny-Ålesund Research Station enables regular in situ fast-ice thickness measurements as long as the fast ice is accessible. In addition, daily visits to the observatory on the mountain Zeppelinfjellet close to Ny-Ålesund allow regular ice observations (weather, visibility, and daylight permitting). Monitoring of the sea ice conditions in Kongsfjorden can be used to demonstrate and investigate phenomena related to climate change in the Arctic. Fjord ice begins to form in the inner part of Kongsfjorden between December and March. After that the ice grows in thickness and extent, and then decreases until it melts or breaks off and drifts out of the fjord between April and June. Before 2006, ice often stretched from the interior to the central fjord parts, but in later years the ice has mainly been restricted to the inner fjord. Moreover, the ice was usually at least 0.6 m thick, in contrast to recent years with thickness often only about 0.2 m. The snow cover thickness on the ice in spring has also decreased, which can be partly explained by shorter fast ice seasons. The reason for less ice in Kongsfjorden after 2006 is considered to be a combination of the influence of warmer water and higher air temperatures in winter. This monitoring has contributed to a number of process and validation studies, for example to improve satellite remote sensing techniques and the understanding of atmosphere–ice–ocean interaction.
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- 2020
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61. UTLS wildfire smoke over the North Pole region, Arctic haze, and aerosol-cloud interaction during MOSAiC 2019/20: An introductory
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Engelmann, Ronny, primary, Ansmann, Albert, additional, Ohneiser, Kevin, additional, Griesche, Hannes, additional, Radenz, Martin, additional, Hofer, Julian, additional, Althausen, Dietrich, additional, Dahlke, Sandro, additional, Maturilli, Marion, additional, Veselovskii, Igor, additional, Jimenez, Cristofer, additional, Wiesen, Robert, additional, Baars, Holger, additional, Bühl, Johannes, additional, Gebauer, Henriette, additional, Haarig, Moritz, additional, Seifert, Patric, additional, Wandinger, Ulla, additional, and Macke, Andreas, additional
- Published
- 2020
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62. Near complete local reduction of Arctic stratospheric ozone by severe chemical loss in spring 2020
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Wohltmann, Ingo, primary, von der Gathen, Peter, additional, Lehmann, Ralph, additional, Maturilli, Marion, additional, Deckelmann, Holger, additional, Manney, Gloria L, additional, Davies, Jonathan, additional, Tarasick, David W., additional, Jepsen, Nis, additional, Kivi, Rigel, additional, Lyall, Norrie, additional, and Rex, Markus, additional
- Published
- 2020
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63. Does the Intra-Arctic Modification of Long-Range Transported Aerosol Affect the Local Radiative Budget? (A Case Study)
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Nakoudi, Konstantina, primary, Ritter, Christoph, additional, Böckmann, Christine, additional, Kunkel, Daniel, additional, Eppers, Oliver, additional, Rozanov, Vladimir, additional, Mei, Linlu, additional, Pefanis, Vasileios, additional, Jäkel, Evelyn, additional, Herber, Andreas, additional, Maturilli, Marion, additional, and Neuber, Roland, additional
- Published
- 2020
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64. The influence of water vapor anomalies on clouds and their radiative effect at Ny-Ålesund
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Nomokonova, Tatiana, primary, Ebell, Kerstin, additional, Löhnert, Ulrich, additional, Maturilli, Marion, additional, and Ritter, Christoph, additional
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- 2020
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65. Low-level mixed-phase clouds in a complex Arctic environment
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Gierens, Rosa, primary, Kneifel, Stefan, additional, Shupe, Matthew D., additional, Ebell, Kerstin, additional, Maturilli, Marion, additional, and Löhnert, Ulrich, additional
- Published
- 2020
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66. The observed recent surface air temperature development across Svalbard and concurring footprints in local sea ice cover
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Dahlke, Sandro, primary, Hughes, Nicholas, additional, Wagner, Penelope, additional, Gerland, Sebastian, additional, Wawrzyniak, Tomasz, additional, Ivanov, Boris, additional, and Maturilli, Marion, additional
- Published
- 2020
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67. Large Eddy Simulations of the Arctic atmospheric boundary layer around the MOSAiC drift track
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Littmann, Daniela, primary, Dorn, Wolfgang, additional, Bresson, Hélène, additional, Maturilli, Marion, additional, and Rex, Markus, additional
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- 2020
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68. Impact of clouds on atmospheric heating rate profiles at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard
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Ebell, Kerstin, primary, Nomokonova, Tatiana, additional, Maturilli, Marion, additional, and Ritter, Christoph, additional
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- 2020
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69. The influence of anomalous atmospheric conditions at Ny-Ålesund on clouds and their radiative effect
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Nomokonova, Tatiana, primary, Ebell, Kerstin, additional, Löhnert, Ulrich, additional, Maturilli, Marion, additional, and Ritter, Christoph, additional
- Published
- 2019
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70. Diurnal cycle of iodine, bromine, and mercury concentrations in Svalbard surface snow
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Spolaor, Andrea, primary, Barbaro, Elena, additional, Cappelletti, David, additional, Turetta, Clara, additional, Mazzola, Mauro, additional, Giardi, Fabio, additional, Björkman, Mats P., additional, Lucchetta, Federico, additional, Dallo, Federico, additional, Pfaffhuber, Katrine Aspmo, additional, Angot, Hélène, additional, Dommergue, Aurelien, additional, Maturilli, Marion, additional, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, additional, Barbante, Carlo, additional, and Cairns, Warren R. L., additional
- Published
- 2019
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71. Aerosol investigation during the Arctic Haze season 2018 Optical, Microphysical and Radiative properties
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Nakoudi, Konstantina, Böckmann, Christine, Ritter, Christoph, Pefanis, Vasileios, Maturilli, Marion, Bracher, Astrid, and Neuber, Roland
- Abstract
In this work, optical and microphysical properties of Arctic aerosol as well as their radiative impact are investigated. Air-borne Lidar observations along with ground-based measurements are evaluated for the Arctic Haze season of 2018. Aerosol abundance as inferred from particle backscatter was typical for this period of the year, with nearly spherical particles. However, the inversion of microphysical properties yielded high Refractive Index (RI) together with low Single-Scattering Albedo (SSA), suggesting absorbing particles, which are not typical for the Arctic Haze period. A fitted lognormal volume distribution revealed a fine mode with effective radius (reff) of 0.23 μm and a coarse mode with reff=0.75 μm. The total aerosol forcing at ground level was negative according to observations and radiative transfer simulations.
- Published
- 2019
72. Classification of Arctic multilayer clouds using radiosonde and radar data in Svalbard
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Vassel, Maiken, Ickes, Luisa, Maturilli, Marion, and Hoose, Corinna
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lcsh:Chemistry ,Earth sciences ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,ddc:550 ,lcsh:Physics ,lcsh:QC1-999 - Abstract
Multilayer clouds (MLCs) occur more often in the Arctic than globally. In this study we present the results of a detection algorithm applied to radiosonde and radar data from an 1-year time period in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. Multilayer cloud occurrence is found on 29 % of the investigated days. These multilayer cloud cases are further analysed regarding the possibility of ice crystal seeding, meaning that an ice crystal can survive sublimation in a subsaturated layer between two cloud layers when falling through this layer. For this we analyse profiles of relative humidity with respect to ice to identify super- and subsaturated air layers. Then the sublimation of an ice crystal of an assumed initial size of r=400 µm on its way through the subsaturated layer is calculated. If the ice crystal still exists when reaching a lower supersaturated layer, ice crystal seeding can potentially take place. Seeding cases are found often, in 23 % of the investigated days (100 % includes all days, as well as non-cloudy days). The identification of seeding cases is limited by the radar signal inside the subsaturated layer. Clearly separated multilayer clouds, defined by a clear interstice in the radar image, do not interact through seeding (9 % of the investigated days). There are various deviations between the relative humidity profiles and the radar images, e.g. due to the lack of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Additionally, horizontal wind drift of the radiosonde and time restriction when comparing radiosonde and radar data cause further deviations. In order to account for some of these deviations, an evaluation by manual visual inspection is done for the non-seeding cases.
- Published
- 2019
73. World Ocean Review : living with the oceans 6:The Arctic and Antarctic - extreme, climatically crucial and in crisis
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Braesicke, Peter, Elsner, Harald, Grosfeld, Klaus, Gutt, Julian, Hain, Stefan, Hellmer, Hartmut H., Herata, Heike, Hollands, Thomas, Humbert, Angelika, Jaiser, Ralf, Knecht, Sebastian, König-Langlo, Gert, Krumpen, Thomas, Kruse, Stefan, Läufer, Andreas, Lüdecke, Cornelia, Lutz, Stefanie, Mark, Felix, Maturilli, Marion, Mayer, Michaela, Meyer, Bettina, Mintenbeck, Katja, Müller, Juliane, Peeken, Ilka, Piepjohn, Karsten, Proelß, Akexander, Rabe, Benjamin, Rachold, Volker, Rackow, Thomas, Ritter, Christoph, Sasgen, Ingo, Schauer, Ursula, Schiffels, Stephan, Strass, Volker, Strauss, Jens, Sutter, Johannes, Thiede, Jörn, and Treffeisen, Renate
- Abstract
This sixth World Ocean Review (WOR) focuses on the Arctic and the Antarctic – two regions which are, in a very real sense, polar opposites, with some of the world’s most extreme conditions. Besides presenting a wealth of facts and figures about the history and exploration of the polar regions, WOR 6 builds a deeper awareness of their key role for life on our planet. It highlights the changes that can be observed in their flora and fauna and analyses the already dramatic impacts of global warming on these extremely fragile regions.
- Published
- 2019
74. Investigation of aerosol optical properties in the European Arctic using Lidar remote sensing technique
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Nakoudi, Konstantina, Ritter, Christoph, Neuber, Roland, and Maturilli, Marion
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13. Climate action ,respiratory system ,complex mixtures - Abstract
Aerosol strongly affect the radiation balance, especially in the Arctic where climate change is significantly faster compared to lower latitudes. The interaction between aerosol and radiation can be either direct (scattering and absorption) or indirect (aerosol serving as cloud condensation nuclei and ice nucleating particles). Aerosol optical properties can be provided by Lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) systems with high spatial and temporal resolution. In this study, we utilize data from a ground-based Lidar system located in Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen and an air-borne system installed onboard the research aircraft Polar5. Our focus is on a rare event of elevated aerosol layers, which persistently appeared over two different parts of the European Arctic during PAMARCMiP (Polar Air-borne Measurements and Arctic Regional Climate Model Simulation Project) campaign in spring 2018. Results show that the detected layers exhibit similar optical properties, namely aerosol backscatter coefficient, which is indicative of aerosol abundance and aerosol depolarization ratio, which is an indicator of the aerosol shape. The main hypothesis is that although the existence of those layers is rare, they impact on the radiation budget of the Arctic. In the next steps of our research, we will investigate the occurrence of similar aerosol layers in the springtime of previous years using long-term measurements from the Lidar system located in Ny-Ålesund. Our goal is to assess the effect of different aerosol layers on the surface radiation budget and gain a better understanding of their role in the amplified Arctic climate change, utilizing radiation measurements from the Ny-Ålesund BSRN (Baseline Surface Radiation Network) station.
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- 2019
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75. Atmospheric rivers and associated precipitation patterns during the ACLOUD/PASCAL campaigns near Svalbard (May-June 2017): case studies using observations, reanalyses, and a regional climate model.
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Viceto, Carolina, Gorodetskaya, Irina V., Rinke, Annette, Maturilli, Marion, Rocha, Alfredo, and Crewell, Susanne
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Recently, a significant increase in the moisture content has been documented over the Arctic, where both local contributions and poleward moisture transport from lower latitudes can play a role. This study focuses on the anomalous moisture transport events confined to long and narrow corridors, known as atmospheric rivers (ARs) which are expected to have a strong influence on Arctic moisture amounts, precipitation and energy budget. During the two concerted intensive measurement campaigns, Arctic CLoud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day (ACLOUD) and the Physical feedbacks of Arctic planetary boundary layer, Sea ice, Cloud and AerosoL (PASCAL), which took place from May 22 to June 28, 2017, at and near Svalbard, three high water vapour transport events were identified as ARs, based on two tracking algorithms: on 30 May, 6 and 9 June. We explore in detail the temporal and spatial evolution of the events identified as ARs and the associated precipitation patterns, using measurements from the AWIPEV research station in Ny-Ã…lesund, satellite-borne measurements, several reanalysis products (ERA5, ERA-Interim, MERRA-2, CFSv2 and JRA-55) and HIRHAM5 regional climate model. Results show that the tracking algorithms detected the events differently partly due to differences in spatial resolution, ranging from 0.25 to 1.25 degree, in temporal resolution, ranging from 1 hour to 6 hours, and in the criteria used in the tracking algorithms. Despite being consecutive, these events showed different synoptic evolution and precipitation characteristics. The first event extended from western Siberia to Svalbard, causing mixed-phase precipitation and was associated with a retreat of the sea-ice edge. The second event a week later had a similar trajectory and most precipitation occurred as rain, although in some areas mixed-phase precipitation or only snowfall occurred, mainly over the north-eastern Greenland's coast and northeast of Iceland and no differences were noted in the sea-ice edge. The third event showed a different pathway extending from north-eastern Atlantic towards Greenland, and then turning southeastward reaching Svalbard. This last AR caused high precipitation amounts in the east coast of Greenland in the form of rain and snow and showed no precipitation in Svalbard region. The vertical profiles of specific humidity show layers of enhanced moisture, simultaneously with dry layers during the first two events, which were not captured by all reanalysis datasets, while the model misrepresented the entire vertical profiles. Regarding the wind speed, there was an increase of values with height during the first and last events, while during the second event there were no major changes in the wind speed. The accuracy of the representation of wind speed by the reanalyses and the model depended on the event. This study shows the importance of both the Atlantic and Siberian pathways of ARs during spring-beginning of summer in the Arctic, AR-associated strong heat and moisture increase as well as precipitation phase transition, and the need of using high spatiotemporal resolution datasets when studying these intense short duration events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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76. Case study of a moisture intrusion over the Arctic with the ICON model: resolution dependence of its representation.
- Author
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Bresson, Hélène, Rinke, Annette, Mech, Mario, Reinert, Daniel, Schemann, Vera, Ebell, Kerstin, Maturilli, Marion, Viceto, Carolina, Gorodetskaya, Irina, and Crewell, Susane
- Abstract
The Arctic is warming faster than the global average and any other region. One important factor for this is the poleward atmospheric transport of heat and moisture, which contributes directly to the surface and air warming. In this case study, the atmospheric circulation and spatio-temporal structure of a moisture intrusion event is assessed, which occurred during the 5th to 7th June 2017 over the Nordic Seas during an intensive measurement campaign over Svalbard. This analysis focuses on high-spatial resolution simulations with the ICON (ICOsahedral Non- hydrostatic) model which is put in context with coarser resolution runs as well the ERA5 reanalysis. A variety of observations including passive microwave satellite measurements is used for evaluation. The global operational ICON forecasts from the German Weather Service DWD at 13 km horizontal resolution are used to drive high resolution Limited Area Mode (LAM) ICON simulations over the Arctic with 6 km and 3 km horizontal resolutions. The results show the skillfull capacity of the ICON-LAM model to represent the observed spatio-temporal structure of the selected moisture intrusion event and its signature in the temperature, humidity and wind profiles, and surface radiation. The high resolution simulations offer a higher accuracy than the global simulations and the ERA5 reanalysis, compared to observations. This is especially demonstrated in the representation of the changing vertical structure of specific humidity and wind associated with the moisture intrusion passing Ny-Ålesund (western Svalbard). Namely, the humidity increase in 1-2 km height topped by a dry layer and the development of a low-level wind jet is best represented by the 3 km simulation. The study also demonstrates that such moisture intrusions can have a strong impact on the radiative and turbulent heat fluxes at the surface. A drastic decrease of downward shortwave radiation by ca. 500 W
m-2 and an increase of downward longwave radiation by ca. 100 W m-2 within 3 hours are determined, which highlight the importance of both moisture and clouds associated with this event for the surface energy budget. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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77. Foehn effect during easterly flow over Svalbard.
- Author
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Shestakova, Anna A., Chechin, Dmitry G., Lüpkes, Christof, Hartmann, Jörg, and Maturilli, Marion
- Abstract
This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the foehn episode which occurred over Svalbard on 30-31 May 2017. This episode is well documented by multiplatform measurements carried out during the ACLOUD/PASCAL campaigns. Both orographic wind modification and foehn warming are considered here. The latter is found to be primarily produced by the isentropic drawdown, which is evident from observations and mesoscale numerical modelling. The structure of the observed foehn warming was in many aspects very similar to that for foehns over the Antarctic Peninsula. In particular, it is found that the warming was proportional to the height of the mountain ridges and propagated far downstream. Also, a strong spatial heterogeneity of the foehn warming was observed with a clear cold footprint associated with gap flows along the mountain valleys and fjords. On the downstream side, a shallow stably-stratified boundary layer below a well-mixed layer formed over the snow-covered land and cold open water. The foehn warming downwind Svalbard strengthened the north-south horizontal temperature gradient across the ice edge near the northern tip of Svalbard. This suggests that the associated baroclinicity might have strengthened the observed northern tip jet. Positive daytime radiative budget on the surface, increased by the foehn clearance, along with the downward sensible heat flux provoked an accelerated snowmelt in the mountain valleys in Ny -Alesund and Adventdalen, which suggests a potentially large effect of the frequently observed Svalbard foehns on the snowcover and the glacier heat and mass balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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78. Aerosol Investigation During the Arctic Haze Season of 2018: Optical and Microphysical Properties.
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Liu, D., Wang, Y., Wu, Y., Gross, B., Moshary, F., Nakoudi, Konstantina, Böckmann, Christine, Ritter, Christoph, Pefanis, Vasileios, Maturilli, Marion, Bracher, Astrid, and Neuber, Roland
- Subjects
AEROSOLS ,OPTICAL properties ,MICROPHYSICS ,LIDAR ,BACKSCATTERING - Abstract
In this work, optical and microphysical properties of Arctic aerosol as well as their radiative impact are investigated. Air-borne Lidar observations along with ground-based measurements are evaluated for the Arctic Haze season of 2018. Aerosol abundance as inferred from particle backscatter was typical for this period of the year, with nearly spherical and large particles. The inversion of microphysical properties yielded high Refractive Index (RI) together with low Single-Scattering Albedo (SSA), suggesting absorbing particles. A fitted lognormal volume distribution revealed a fine mode with effective radius (r
eff ) of μm and a coarse mode with reff =0.75 μm. The total radiative balance on ground was positive (12 Wm-2 ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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79. Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN): structure and data description (1992-2017)
- Author
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Driemel, Amelie, Augustine, John, Behrens, Klaus, Colle, Sergio, Cox, Christopher, Cuevas-Agullo, Emilio, Denn, Fred M., Duprat, Thierry, Fukuda, Masato, Grobe, Hannes, Haeffelin, Martial, Hodges, Gary, Hyett, Nicole, Ijima, Osamu, Kallis, Ain, Knap, Wouter, Kustov, Vasilii, Long, Charles N., Longenecker, David, Lupi, Angelo, Maturilli, Marion, Mimouni, Mohamed, Ntsangwane, Lucky, Ogihara, Hiroyuki, Olano, Xabier, Olefs, Marc, Omori, Masao, Passamani, Lance, Pereira, Enio Bueno, Schmithüsen, Holger, Schumacher, Stefanie, Sieger, Rainer, Tamlyn, Jonathan, Vogt, Roland, Vuilleumier, Laurent, Xia, Xiangao, Ohmura, Atsumu, and König-Langlo, Gert
- Abstract
Small changes in the radiation budget at the earth's surface can lead to large climatological responses when persistent over time. With the increasing debate on anthropogenic influences on climatic processes during the 1980s the need for accurate radiometric measurements with higher temporal resolution was identified, and it was determined that the existing measurement networks did not have the resolution or accuracy required to meet this need. In 1988 the WMO therefore proposed the establishment of a new international Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN), which should collect and centrally archive high-quality ground-based radiation measurements in 1min resolution. BSRN began its work in 1992 with 9 stations; currently (status 2018-01-01), the network comprises 59 stations (delivering data to the archive) and 9 candidates (stations recently accepted into the network with data forthcoming to the archive) distributed over all continents and oceanic environments. The BSRN database is the World Radiation Monitoring Center (WRMC). It is hosted at the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) in Bremerhaven, Germany, and now offers more than 10300 months of data from the years 1992 to 2017. ISSN:1866-3516 ISSN:1866-3508
- Published
- 2018
80. Status of the Arctic BSRN Site Ny-Ålesund(78.9°N, 11.9°E)
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Maturilli, Marion, Debatin, Siegrid, Graeser, Jürgen, and Deckelmann, Holger
- Abstract
Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, is located in the North Atlantic part of the Arctic where warming trends are much larger than in other regions of the globe. Under polar night conditions, the increase of surface temperature during the recent two decades exceeds 3 K per decade. Although the warming is bottom-amplified, it extends throughout the entire troposphere. Here, the according increase in winter longwave radiation since 1992 is highlighted. Indications for Arctic climate change are also observed during the sunlit period: the Ny-Ålesund shortwave radiation measurements provide information on the distinct albedo drop between the snow cover surface and the dark tundra ground after snow melt. The long-term changes in the observed shortwave radiation quantities indicate that the snow free season tends to start earlier, with implications for the Svalbard ecosystem. Furthermore, an overview of BSRN-related auxiliary data from Ny-Ålesund is provided.
- Published
- 2018
81. Thermo-insulation effect of a seasonal snow-cover on permafrost soil in Bayelva, Svalbard (1998 - 2017)
- Author
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Ebenhoch, Sabrina, Maturilli, Marion, Höfle, Bernhard, Roth, Kurt, and Boike, Julia
- Abstract
Bayelva is a high-arctic research site on Spitsbergen Island in the Svalbard archipelago (78.551N; 11.571E) where climate, soil and snow components are recorded since 1998 by the Alfred-Wegener-Institute. This study site is underlain by permafrost with average temperatures around -2 °C and seasonally snow-covered from October to May. The thermal insulation by the snow-pack decouples the soil temperatures from air temperature. To gain better understanding of the thermal relationships, analysis of long-term measurements of air temperature, radiation, soil temperature, and snow characteristics were examined in this study. Mean annual air temperature has increased by 0.14 °C per year for the period from 1998 to 2016 which is higher than the global average temperature change in the same period. Radiation balance trend analyses are characterized by an increase in long-wave radiation during winter months. Results of our snow characteristic studies show that the last day in the year with snow cover has been moving to earlier dates with 0.5 days per year (from 1998 to 2016), extending the snow-free season, thus resulting in more time for soil warming. This corresponds well with warming trends of all soil temperature sensors as well as the thickening of the active layer (ALT), which is estimated to have reached a depth of 2 m in 2016 for the first time. Since it is difficult to measure the exact ALT, we used the Stefan model for an estimate. To account for different magnitudes of insulation, an effective snow depth (Sdep,eff) was calculated for each year. High Sdep,eff values represent high thermo-insulation, due to early snowfall and long snow depths over 0.4 m, and can be linked to years in which re-freezing of the whole active layer took until early March of the next year. Our results support the importance of snow physical characteristics for the permafrost thermal regime, as also detailed in the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme - an Arctic Council Working Group.
- Published
- 2018
82. Influence of seasonal mesoscale and microscale meteorological conditions in Svalbard on results of monitoring of long-range transported pollution [poster]
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Dekhtyareva, Alena, Holmén, Kim, Maturilli, Marion, Hermansen, Ove, and Graversen, Rune
- Subjects
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Geosciences: 450::Meteorology: 453 ,VDP::Teknologi: 500::Miljøteknologi: 610 ,VDP::Technology: 500::Environmental engineering: 610 ,VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Meteorologi: 453 - Abstract
The Zeppelin Observatory is an atmospheric monitoring station located on the northwest coast of Spitzbergen island, in the Svalbard archipelago. The station provides background air composition, meteorological and climatological data for numerous research projects. The observatory is located on a mountain ridge in a region with complex topography that affects local atmospheric circulation processes. Research question: How the seasonal data collected at the Zeppelin observatory and Ny-Ålesund station (Fig. 2b), a temporarily station in the settlement, is affected by: 1) micrometeorological conditions 2) mesoscale dynamics 3) local air pollution
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- 2018
83. Warming trends in Permafrost and thermo-insulation effect of a seasonal snow-cover on permafrost soil in Bayelva, Svalbard (1998 - 2017)
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Boike, Julia, Ebenhoch, Sabrina, Höfle, Bernhard, Westermann, Sebastian, Maturilli, Marion, Stern, Lielle, Juszak, Inge, and Roth, Kurt
- Abstract
Permafrost around the Arctic is warming and thawing. We report data from the high arctic research site Bayelva (78.551N; 11.571E) located close to Ny-Alesund. Data on meteorology, energy balance components and subsur- face observations have been made for the last 20 years (1998-2017; Boike et al. 2017). This study site is underlain by permafrost with current mean permafrost temperature of -2.8◦C and is seasonally snow-covered from October to May. Mean annual, summer and winter soil temperature data at all depths have beenrising over the period of record with a warming trend of 0.18±0.07◦C/year in active layer and top of permafrost. However, interannual to sub-decadal variability is evident in the data and results mostly from differences of theclimate during the winter months. The modeled active layer thickness using the Stefan equation has increasedcontinuously from about 1m in 1998 and is estimated to have surpassed 2 m in 2016. The data show that snow ablation has started earlier, thus extending the snow free season, potentially re-sulting in more time for soil warming and deepening of active layer. The snow cover onset and ablation, aswell as the thermo insulation properties of the snow cover, will be investigated together with active layer and permafrost variables (temperature, volumetric water content) for further understanding of the observed warming and deepening. Boike, J., Juszak, I., Lange, S., Chadburn, S., Burke, E., Overduin, P. P., Roth, K., Ippisch, O., Bornemann, N., Stern, L., Gouttevin, I., Hauber, E., and Westermann, S.: A 20-year record (1998–2017) of permafrost, active layer and meteorological conditions at a high Arctic permafrost research site (Bayelva, Spitsbergen), Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 355-390, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-355-2018, 2018.
- Published
- 2018
84. Low-level mixed-phase clouds in a complex Arctic environment
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Gierens, Rosa, primary, Kneifel, Stefan, additional, Shupe, Matthew D., additional, Ebell, Kerstin, additional, Maturilli, Marion, additional, and Löhnert, Ulrich, additional
- Published
- 2019
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85. Diurnal cycle of iodine and mercury concentrations in Svalbard surface snow
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Spolaor, Andrea, primary, Barbaro, Elena, additional, Cappelletti, David, additional, Turetta, Clara, additional, Mazzola, Mauro, additional, Giardi, Fabio, additional, Björkman, Mats P., additional, Lucchetta, Federico, additional, Dallo, Federico, additional, Pfaffhuber, Katrine Aspmo, additional, Angot, Hélène, additional, Dommergue, Aurelien, additional, Maturilli, Marion, additional, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, additional, Barbante, Carlo, additional, and Cairns, Warren R. L., additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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86. Improved Performance of ERA5 in Arctic Gateway Relative to Four Global Atmospheric Reanalyses
- Author
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Graham, Robert M., primary, Hudson, Stephen R., additional, and Maturilli, Marion, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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87. Classification of Arctic multilayer clouds using radiosonde and radar data in Svalbard
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Vassel, Maiken, primary, Ickes, Luisa, additional, Maturilli, Marion, additional, and Hoose, Corinna, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
88. Statistics on clouds and their relation to thermodynamic conditions at Ny-Ålesund using ground-based sensor synergy
- Author
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Nomokonova, Tatiana, primary, Ebell, Kerstin, additional, Löhnert, Ulrich, additional, Maturilli, Marion, additional, Ritter, Christoph, additional, and O'Connor, Ewan, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
89. The Bayelva high Arctic permafrost long-term observation site: an opportunity for joint international research on permafrost, atmosphere, ecology and snow
- Author
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Boike, Julia, Chadburn, S., Cannone, N., Schulz, Alexander, Biskaborn, Boris K., Maturilli, Marion, Masaki, Uchida, and Westermann, Sebastian
- Abstract
Most permafrost is located in the Arctic, and in total it contains around 600Gt of frozen organic carbon. This represents several times the remaining budget for anthropogenic emissions if we are to limit global warming below 2ºC, and this carbon could have a significant impact on global climate if it is released to the atmosphere following permafrost thaw. At present, the Arctic climate is changing much more rapidly than the rest of the globe, and yet observational data density in the region is low. The positive feedback between climate warming and permafrost carbon emissions depends on changing land-atmosphere energy and mass exchanges. There is thus a great need to understand links between the energy balance, which can vary rapidly over hourly to annual time scales, and permafrost, which changes slowly over long time periods. This understanding mandates long-term observational data sets. There is also a need to realistically incorporate permafrost into global modelling frameworks such as Earth System Models. Evaluating and parameterising these process-based models especially requires simultaneous measurements of interacting variables. Here we present an example of such a long-term data set, from the Bayelva Site at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, where meteorology, energy balance components and subsurface observations have been made for the last 20 years. Additional data include a high resolution digital elevation model and a panchromatic image. This paper presents the data set produced so far, explains instrumentation, calibration, processing and data quality control, as well as the sources for various resulting data sets. The resulting data set is unique in the Arctic and serves a baseline for future studies. Since the data provide observations of temporally variable parameters that mitigate energy fluxes between permafrost and atmosphere, such as snow depth and soil moisture content, they are suitable for use in integrating, calibrating and testing permafrost as a component in Earth System Models. The data set also includes a high resolution digital elevation model that can be used together with the snow physical information for snow pack modeling. The data show that mean annual, summer and winter soil temperature data from shallow to deeper depths have been warming over the period of record, indicating the degradation of permafrost at this site. This site is one of only a handful of permafrost sites where long-term automatic monitoring has taken place and data are accessible. There is a great need for continuous monitoring at more sites, to span the full range of permafrost conditions. Monitoring is often limited by scientific project funding, typically lasting only 3 or 4 years. This will continue to present a challenge unless there is investment by governments to operationalise these networks.
- Published
- 2017
90. Symptoms of Arctic Amplification observed in Ny-Ålesund
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Maturilli, Marion, Dahlke, Sandro, Kayser, Markus, Boike, Julia, and Fischer, Philipp
- Abstract
Over the recent decades, temperature increase in the Arctic has been almost twice as large as the global average. This amplification of global warming is attributed to various feedback mechanisms present in the Arctic environment. Some processes are locally confined to the diminishing sea ice cover of the Arctic ocean, particularly the sea ice – albedo effect during polar day. Other amplifying processes related to the increasing open water surface of the Arctic ocean include e.g. the increasing heat flux from the ocean to the atmosphere. The resulting latent heat flux and augmenting evaporation contribute to an increasing atmospheric moisture content, which affects the longwave downward radiation directly or via changing cloud microphysics. Furthermore, atmospheric moisture and heat are more frequently advected from lower latitudes into the Arctic in relation to changes in the atmospheric circulation. During the dark period of polar night, the Arctic warming trend is not homogenously distributed over the polar cap, but occurs strongest at the surface in the Barents / Kara Seas and in the free troposphere of the Arctic North Atlantic sector. Thus, Svalbard is located in a key region of climate change. Observations from Ny-Ålesund at the west coast of the Svalbard archipelago show an annual temperature increase of 1.4 K per decade since the 1990s, with an average temperature that by now exceeds those observed during the early Arctic warming period in the 1920 to 1940s. The recent winter warming is even twice as high, and is accompanied by an increase in atmospheric moisture. Surface radiation observations in winter further indicate a change in cloudiness along with an increase in net longwave radiation. Although the winter warming is bottom-amplified, radiosonde observations show that the increasing temperature signal occurs over the entire troposphere. Indeed, part of the Svalbard winter warming is associated with enhanced warm and moist air advection in the free troposphere caused by increased cyclonic activity related to changes in atmospheric circulation patterns. The various processes contributing to Arctic amplification of climate warming link the local observations from Ny-Ålesund with processes occurring both in the Arctic and in the northern hemispheric mid-latitudes.
- Published
- 2017
91. Vertical thermodynamic structure of the troposphere during the Norwegian young sea ICE expedition
- Author
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Kayser, Markus, Maturilli, Marion, Graham, Robert M., Hudson, Stephen R., Rinke, Annette, Cohen, Lana, Kim, Joo-Hong, Park, Sang-Jong, Moon, Woosok, and Granskog, Mats A.
- Abstract
The Norwegian young sea ICE (N-ICE2015) expedition was designed to investigate the atmosphere-snow-ice-ocean interactions in the young and thin sea ice regime north of Svalbard. Radiosondes were launched twice daily during the expedition from January to June 2015. Here we use these upper air measurements to study the multiple cyclonic events observed during N-ICE2015 with respect to changes in the vertical thermodynamic structure, moisture content, and boundary layer characteristics. We provide statistics of temperature inversion characteristics, static stability, and boundary layer extent. During winter, when radiative cooling is most effective, we find the strongest impact of synoptic cyclones. Changes to thermodynamic characteristics of the boundary layer are associated with transitions between the radiatively “clear” and “opaque” atmospheric states. In spring, radiative fluxes warm the surface leading to lifted temperature inversions and a statically unstable boundary layer. Further, we compare the N-ICE2015 static stability distributions to corresponding profiles from ERA-Interim reanalysis, from the closest land station in the Arctic North Atlantic sector, Ny-Ålesund, and to soundings from the SHEBA expedition (1997/1998). We find similar stability characteristics for N-ICE2015 and SHEBA throughout the troposphere, despite differences in location, sea ice thickness, and snow cover. For Ny-Ålesund, we observe similar characteristics above 1000 m, while the topography and ice-free fjord surrounding Ny-Ålesund generate great differences below. The long-term radiosonde record (1993–2014) from Ny-Ålesund indicates that during the N-ICE2015 spring period, temperatures were close to the climatological mean, while the lowest 3000 m were 1–3∘C warmer than the climatology during winter.
- Published
- 2017
92. Meteorological conditions during the ACLOUD/PASCAL field campaign near Svalbard in early summer 2017
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Knudsen, Erlend M., primary, Heinold, Bernd, additional, Dahlke, Sandro, additional, Bozem, Heiko, additional, Crewell, Susanne, additional, Gorodetskaya, Irina V., additional, Heygster, Georg, additional, Kunkel, Daniel, additional, Maturilli, Marion, additional, Mech, Mario, additional, Viceto, Carolina, additional, Rinke, Annette, additional, Schmithüsen, Holger, additional, Ehrlich, André, additional, Macke, Andreas, additional, Lüpkes, Christof, additional, and Wendisch, Manfred, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
93. Statistics on clouds and their relation to thermodynamic conditions at Ny-Ålesund using ground-based sensor synergy
- Author
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Nomokonova, Tatiana, primary, Ebell, Kerstin, additional, Löhnert, Ulrich, additional, Maturilli, Marion, additional, Ritter, Christoph, additional, and O'Connor, Ewan, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
94. Siberian fire smoke in the High-Arctic winter stratosphere observed during MOSAiC 2019-2020.
- Author
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Ohneiser, Kevin, Ansmann, Albert, Engelmann, Ronny, Ritter, Christoph, Chudnovsky, Alexandra, Veselovskii, Igor, Baars, Holger, Gebauer, Henriette, Griesche, Hannes, Radenz, Martin, Hofer, Julian, Althausen, Dietrich, Dahlke, Sandro, and Maturilli, Marion
- Abstract
During the one-year MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) expedition the German icebreaker Polarstern drifted through the Arctic Ocean ice from October 2019 to May 2020, mainly at latitudes between 85° N and 88.5° N. A multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar was operated aboard the research vessel and continuously monitored aerosol and cloud layers up to 30 km height. The highlight of the lidar measurements was the detection of a persistent, 10 km deep wildfire smoke layer in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) from about 7-8 km to 17-18 km height. The smoke layer was present throughout the winter half year until the polar vortex, the strongest of the last 40 years, collapsed in late April 2020. The smoke originated from major fire events, especially from extraordinarily intense and long-lasting Siberian fires in July and August 2019. In this article, we summarize the main findings of our seven-month smoke observations and characterize the aerosol properties and decay of the stratospheric perturbation in terms of geometrical, optical, and microphysical properties. The UTLS aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at 532 nm ranged from 0.05-0.12 in October-November 2019 and was of the order of 0.03-0.06 during the central winter months (December-February). As an unambiguous sign of the dominance of smoke, the particle extinction-to-backscatter ratio (lidar ratio) at 355 nm was found to be much lower than the respective 532 nm lidar ratio. Mean values were 55 sr (355 nm) and 85 sr (532 nm). We further present a review of previous height resolved Arctic aerosol observations (remote sensing) in our study. For the first time, a coherent and representative view on the aerosol layering features in the Central Arctic from the surface up to 27 km height during the winter half year is presented. Finally, a potential impact of the wildfire smoke aerosol on the record-breaking ozone depletion over the Arctic in the spring of 2020 is discussed based on smoke, ozone, and polar stratospheric cloud observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
95. Advanced method for estimating the number concentration of cloud water and liquid water content observed by cloud particle sensor sondes.
- Author
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Inoue, Jun, Sato, Kazutoshi, Tobo, Yutaka, Taketani, Fumikazu, and Maturilli, Marion
- Subjects
MICROWAVE radiometers ,REMOTE sensing ,CLOUD droplets ,PARTICLES ,CORRECTION factors ,WATER vapor - Abstract
A cloud particle sensor (CPS) sonde is an observing system attached with a radiosonde sensor to observe the vertical structure of cloud properties. The signals obtained from CPS sondes are related to the phase, size, and number of cloud particles. The system offers economic advantages including human resource and simple operation costs compared with aircraft measurements and land-/satellite-based remote sensing. However, because CPS systems are limited for data downlink to land stations, the observed information should be appropriately corrected. We launched approximately 40 CPS sondes in the Arctic region between 2018 and 2020 and use these data sets to develop correction methods that exclude unreliable data, estimate the effective cloud water droplet radius, and determine a correction factor for the total cloud particle count. We apply this method to data obtained in October 2019 over the Arctic Ocean and March 2020 at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, Norway to compare with a particle counter onboard a tethered balloon and liquid water content retrieved by a microwave radiometer. The estimated total particle count and liquid water content from the CPS sondes generally agree with those data, which exemplifies the promising advantages of this approach to retrieve quantitative and meaningful information on the vertical distribution of cloud microphysics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
96. A systematic assessment of water vapor products in the Arctic: fronstantaneous measurements to monthly means.
- Author
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Crewell, Susanne, Ebell, Kerstin, Konjari, Patrick, Mech, Mario, Nomokonova, Tatiana, Radovan, Ana, Strack, David, Triana-Gómez, Arantxa M., Noël, Stefan, Scarlat, Raul, Spreen, Gunnar, Maturilli, Marion, Rinke, Annette, Gorodetskaya, Irina, Viceto, Carolina, August, Thomas, and Schröder, Marc
- Subjects
WATER vapor ,SEA ice ,ARCTIC climate ,ATMOSPHERIC rivers ,SURFACE analysis ,HYDROLOGIC cycle ,OBSERVATORIES - Abstract
Water vapor is an important component in the water and energy cycle of the Arctic. Especially in the light of Arctic amplification, changes of water vapor are of high interest but are difficult to observe due to the data sparsity of the region. The ACLOUD/PASCAL campaign performed in May/June 2017 in the Arctic North Atlantic sector offers the opportunity to investigate the quality of various satellite and reanalysis products. Compared to reference measurements at R/V Polarstern frozen into the ice (around 82° N, 10° E) and at Ny-Ålesund, the Integrated Water Vapor (IWV) from IASI shows the best performance among all satellite products. Using all radiosonde stations within the region indicates some differences that might relate to different radiosonde types used. Though the region is well sampled by polar orbiting satellites daily means can deviate by up to 50 % due to strong spatio-temporal IWV variability associated with atmospheric river events. For monthly mean values, this weather induced variability cancels out but systematic differences dominate which particularly appear over different surface types, e.g. ocean, sea ice. In the data sparse central Arctic above 84° N, strong differences of 30 % in IWV monthly means between satellite products occur in the month of June which likely results from the difficulties to consider the complex and changing surface characteristics of the melting ice within the retrieval algorithms. There is hope that the detailed surface characterization performed as part of the recently finished Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) will foster the improvement of future retrieval algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
97. UTLS wildfire smoke over the North Pole region, Arctic haze, and aerosol-cloud interaction during MOSAiC 2019/20: An introductory.
- Author
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Engelmann, Ronny, Ansmann, Albert, Ohneiser, Kevin, Griesche, Hannes, Radenz, Martin, Hofer, Julian, Althausen, Dietrich, Dahlke, Sandro, Maturilli, Marion, Veselovskii, Igor, Jimenez, Cristofer, Wiesen, Robert, Baars, Holger, Bühl, Johannes, Gebauer, Henriette, Haarig, Moritz, Seifert, Patric, Wandinger, Ulla, and Macke, Andreas
- Abstract
An advanced multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar was operated aboard the icebreaker Polarstern during the MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) expedition, lasting from September 2019 to October 2020, to contiuously monitor aerosol and cloud layers in the Central Arctic up to 30 km height at latitudes mostly between 85?N and 88.5? N. The lidar was integrated in a complex remote sensing infrastructure aboard Polarstern. Modern aerosol lidar methods and new lidar techniques and concepts to explore aerosol-cloud interaction were applied for the first time in the Central Arctic. The aim of this introductory article is to provide an overview of the observational spectrum of the lidar products for representative measurement cases. The highlight of the lidar measurements was the detection of a 10 km deep wildfire smoke layer over the North Pole area from, on average, 7 km to 17 km height with an aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at 532 nm around 0.1 (in October-November 2019) and 0.05 from December to mid of March 2020. The wildfire smoke was trapped within the extraordinarily strong polar vortex and remained detectable until the beginning of May 2020. Arctic haze was also monitored and characterized in terms of backscatter, extinction, and extinction-to-backscatter ratio at 355 and 532 nm. High lidar ratios from 60-100 sr in lofted mixed haze and smoke plumes are indicative for the presence of strongly light-absorbing fine-mode particles. The AOT at 532 nm was of the order of 0.025 for the tropospheric haze layers. In addition, so-called cloud closure experiments were applied to Arctic mixed-phase cloud and cirrus observations. The good match between cloud condensation nucleus concentration (CCNC) and cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) and, on the other hand, between ice-nucleating particle concentration (INPC) and ice crystal number concentration (ICNC) indicated a clear influence of aerosol particles on the evolution of the cloud systems. CDNC was mostly between 20 and 100 cm
-3 in the liquid-water dominated cloud top layer. ICNC was of the order of 0.1-1 L-1 . The study of the impact of wildfire smoke particles on cirrus formation revealed that heterogeneous ice formation with smoke particles (organic aerosol particles) as INPs may have prevailed. ICNC values of 10-40 L-1 were clearly below ICNC levels that would indicate homogeneous freezing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
98. The observed recent surface air temperature development across Svalbard and concurring footprints in local sea ice cover.
- Author
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Dahlke, Sandro, Hughes, Nicholas E., Wagner, Penelope M., Gerland, Sebastian, Wawrzyniak, Tomasz, Ivanov, Boris, and Maturilli, Marion
- Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC temperature ,SEA ice ,SEA ice drift ,ARCTIC climate ,WATER masses ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
The Svalbard archipelago in the Arctic North Atlantic is experiencing rapid changes in the surface climate and sea ice distribution, with impacts for the coupled climate system and the local society. This study utilizes observational data of surface air temperature (SAT) from 1980–2016 across the whole Svalbard archipelago, and sea ice extent (SIE) from operational sea ice charts to conduct a systematic assessment of climatologies, long‐term changes and regional differences. The proximity to the warm water mass of the West Spitsbergen Current drives a markedly warmer climate in the western coastal regions compared to northern and eastern Svalbard. This imprints on the SIE climatology in southern and western Svalbard, where the annual maxima of 50–60% area ice coverage are substantially less than 80–90% in the northern and eastern fjords. Owing to winter‐amplified warming, the local climate is shifting towards more maritime conditions, and SIE reductions of between 5 and 20% per decade in particular regions are found, such that a number of fjords in the west have been virtually ice‐free in recent winters. The strongest decline comes along with SAT forcing and occurs over the most recent 1–2 decades in all regions; while in the 1980s and 1990s, enhanced northerly winds and sea ice drift can explain 30–50% of SIE variability around northern Svalbard, where they had correspondingly lead to a SIE increase. With an ongoing warming it is suggested that both the meteorological and cryospheric conditions in eastern Svalbard will become increasingly similar to what is already observed in the western fjords, namely suppressed typical Arctic climate conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
99. Vertical thermodynamic structure of the troposphere during the Norwegian young sea ICE expedition (N-ICE2015)
- Author
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Kayser, Markus (Dr.), Maturilli, Marion, Graham, Robert M., Hudson, Stephen R., Rinke, Annette, Cohen, Lana, Kim, Joo-Hong, Park, Sang-Jong, Moon, Woosok, and Granskog, Mats A.
- Subjects
Institut für Physik und Astronomie ,ddc:530 - Abstract
The Norwegian young sea ICE (N-ICE2015) expedition was designed to investigate the atmosphere-snow-ice-ocean interactions in the young and thin sea ice regime north of Svalbard. Radiosondes were launched twice daily during the expedition from January to June 2015. Here we use these upper air measurements to study the multiple cyclonic events observed during N-ICE2015 with respect to changes in the vertical thermodynamic structure, moisture content, and boundary layer characteristics. We provide statistics of temperature inversion characteristics, static stability, and boundary layer extent. During winter, when radiative cooling is most effective, we find the strongest impact of synoptic cyclones. Changes to thermodynamic characteristics of the boundary layer are associated with transitions between the radiatively "clear" and "opaque" atmospheric states. In spring, radiative fluxes warm the surface leading to lifted temperature inversions and a statically unstable boundary layer. Further, we compare the N-ICE2015 static stability distributions to corresponding profiles from ERA-Interim reanalysis, from the closest land station in the Arctic North Atlantic sector, Ny-Alesund, and to soundings from the SHEBA expedition (1997/1998). We find similar stability characteristics for N-ICE2015 and SHEBA throughout the troposphere, despite differences in location, sea ice thickness, and snow cover. For Ny-Alesund, we observe similar characteristics above 1000 m, while the topography and ice-free fjord surrounding Ny-Alesund generate great differences below. The long-term radiosonde record (1993-2014) from Ny-Alesund indicates that during the N-ICE2015 spring period, temperatures were close to the climatological mean, while the lowest 3000 m were 1-3 degrees C warmer than the climatology during winter. Plain Language Summary The Norwegian young sea ICE (N-ICE2015) expedition was designed to investigate the atmosphere-snow-ice-ocean interactions in the young and thin sea ice regime north of Svalbard. Radiosondes were launched twice daily during the expedition from January to June 2015. Here we use these upper air measurements to study the multiple cyclonic events observed during N-ICE2015 with respect to changes in the vertical thermodynamic structure, moisture content, and the atmospheric boundary layer characteristics. During winter, we find the strongest impact of synoptic cyclones, which transport warm and moist air into the cold and dry Arctic atmosphere. In spring, incoming solar radiation warms the surface. This leads to very different thermodynamic conditions and higher moisture content, which reduces the contrast between stormy and calm periods. Further, we compare the N-ICE2015 measurements to corresponding profiles from ERA-Interim reanalysis, from the closest land station in the Arctic North Atlantic sector, Ny-Alesund, and to soundings from the SHEBA expedition (1997/1998). We find similar stability characteristics for N-ICE2015 and SHEBA throughout the troposphere, despite differences in location, sea ice thickness, and snow cover. The comparisons highlight the value of the N-ICE2015 observation and show the importance of winter time observations in the Arctic North Atlantic sector.
- Published
- 2017
100. PICTURE OF THE MONTH: Multilevel Cloud Structures over Svalbard
- Author
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Dörnbrack, Andreas, Gisinger, Sonja, Pitts, Michael, Poole, Lamont, and Maturilli, Marion
- Subjects
Tropopause ,Verkehrsmeteorologie ,stratospheric clouds ,mountain waves - Abstract
The presented picture of the month is a superposition of spaceborne lidar observations and high-resolution temperature fields of the ECMWF Integrated Forecast System (IFS). It displays complex tropospheric and stratospheric clouds in the Arctic winter of 2015/16. Near the end of December 2015, the unusual northeastward propagation of warm and humid subtropical air masses as far north as 808N lifted the tropopause by more than 3 km in 24 h and cooled the stratosphere on a large scale. A widespread formation of thick cirrus clouds near the tropopause and of synoptic-scale polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) occurred as the temperature dropped below the thresholds for the existence of cloud particles. Additionally, mountain waves were excited by the strong flow at the western edge of the ridge across Svalbard, leading to the formation of mesoscale ice PSCs. The most recent IFS cycle using a horizontal resolution of 8 km globally reproduces the large-scale and mesoscale flow features and leads to a remarkable agreement with the wave structure revealed by the spaceborne observations.
- Published
- 2017
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