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The article explores the role of parenteral nutrition in providing essential macro- and micronutrients to individuals, particularly preterm newborns, who cannot meet their nutritional needs through digestion. Topics include the importance of early and balanced parenteral nutrition in preterm infants, the impact of metabolic complications such as hyperglycemia, and the need for further research on optimizing nutrient intake and preventing adverse outcomes.

The search for disease-modifying agents targeted against Parkinson’s disease led us to rationally design a small array of six Anle138b-centered PROTACs, 7a,b, 8a,b and 9a,b, targeting αSynuclein (αSyn) aggregates for binding, polyubiquitination by the E3 ligase Cereblon (CRBN), and proteasomal degradation. Lenalidomide and thalidomide were used as CRBN ligands and coupled with amino- and azido Anle138b derivatives through flexible linkers and coupling reactions (amidation, ‘click’ chemistry). Four Anle138b-PROTACs, 8a,b and 9a,b, were characterized against in vitro αSyn aggregation, monitoring them in a Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assay and in dopaminergic neurons derived from a set of isogenic pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines with SNCA multiplications. Native and seeded αSyn aggregation was determined with a new biosensor, and a partial correlation between αSyn aggregation, cellular dysfunctions, and neuronal survival was obtained. Anle138b-PROTAC 8a was characterized as the most promising αSyn aggregation inhibitor/degradation inducer, with potential usefulness against synucleinopathies and cancer.

Research related to the use of agricultural residues as alternatives to commercial substrates has become fundamental for reducing the production costs of coffee seedlings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of residues of pepper (Piper nigrum) powder, coffee (Coffea) husk, coconut (Cocos nucifera) fiber and pine (Pinus) bark as alternative substrates in the development of coffee (Coffea canephora) seedlings in tubes. The experiment was carried out at the Demuner Seedling Nursery, in the municipality of São Roque do Canaã, Espírito Santo, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized, with six treatments: T0- Bioplant® commercial substrate (control); and from T1 to T5, increasing proportions (%) of pepper powder and decreasing coconut fiber and pine bark (0/20/50, 10/15/45, 20/10/40, 30/5/35 and 40/0/30) and fixed proportions of coffee husk (30%). At 120 days after staking, we evaluated the plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, shoot dry mass and root dry mass. Any of the substrates containing different proportions of agricultural residues can be used as an alternative to the commercial substrate in the production of Conilon coffee seedlings since most of the growth variables evaluated did not differ from the control. Due to the high availability of pepper powder in the region, we recommended the substrate with 40% pepper powder, 30% coffee husk and 30% pine bark.

Abstract Background Physical inactivity is a key contributor to the global burden of disease and disproportionately impacts the wellbeing of people experiencing mental illness. Increases in physical activity are associated with improvements in symptoms of mental illness and reduction in cardiometabolic risk. Reliable and valid clinical tools that assess physical activity would improve evaluation of intervention studies that aim to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour in people living with mental illness. Methods The five-item Simple Physical Activity Questionnaire (SIMPAQ) was developed by a multidisciplinary, international working group as a clinical tool to assess physical activity and sedentary behaviour in people living with mental illness. Patients with a DSM or ICD mental illness diagnoses were recruited and completed the SIMPAQ on two occasions, one week apart. Participants wore an Actigraph accelerometer and completed brief cognitive and clinical assessments. Results Evidence of SIMPAQ validity was assessed against accelerometer-derived measures of physical activity. Data were obtained from 1010 participants. The SIMPAQ had good test-retest reliability. Correlations for moderate-vigorous physical activity was comparable to studies conducted in general population samples. Evidence of validity for the sedentary behaviour item was poor. An alternative method to calculate sedentary behaviour had stronger evidence of validity. This alternative method is recommended for use in future studies employing the SIMPAQ. Conclusions The SIMPAQ is a brief measure of physical activity and sedentary behaviour that can be reliably and validly administered by health professionals.

The use of natural plant growth promoters can be an effective, sustainable, and low-cost alternative to reduce input costs for the production of ornamental pepper. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Brachiaria decumbens aqueous extract on the growth of ornamental pepper (Capsicum frutescens). The experiment was carried out in the Plant Nursery sector of the Federal Institute of Espirito Santo (IFES), located in the municipality of Santa Teresa, in the Serrana region of the Espirito Santo State (Brazil). The study was conducted using a randomized block design (RBD) with four replicates in a 4×2 factorial scheme with four doses of the Brachiaria decumbens extract (0, 50, 75 and 100%) and two application methods (edaphic application or foliar sprays). The number of days to flowering, plant height, leaf number, fruit number, leaf area, fruit, root, shoot, and total dry mass were determined. According to the results, the variables number of fruits and root dry mass had no significant effect on the interaction, with the best results found with the edaphic application when compared to the foliar sprays. When considering interaction, the application of 100% of the extract reduced the number of days to flowering for both edaphic application and foliar sprays. For growth variables, this same dose promoted the best results for most of the variables. Based on the results, the edaphic application of B. decumbens at 100% dosage is recommended to reduce the number of days to flowering and promote better development of ornamental pepper.

Seedling formation is one of the most important phases for the eggplant crop cycle. One of the decisive factors for obtaining quality seedlings and the consequent increase in productivity is the type of substrate used. The objective of this research was to evaluate the growth of eggplant seedlings grown in alternative substrates with increasing levels of “moinha” (residue from the coffee dry milling process) replacing the commercial substrate. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with six treatments and ten replicates. The treatments were: T1: commercial substrate (control); T2: 0% moinha (MO) + 40% burnt rice husk (BRH) + 15% coconut fiber (CF) + 5% eggshell (ES) + 40% commercial substrate (CS); T3: 10% MO + 40% BRH + 15% CF + 5% ES + 30% CS; T4: 20% MO + 40% BRH + 15% CF + 5% ES + 20% CS ; T5: 30% MO + 40% BRH + 15% CF + 5% ES + 10% CS; T6: 40% MO + 40% BRH + 15% CF + 5% ES + 0% CS. The electrical conductivity of the substrates and the seedling total dry mass, plant height and stem diameter were evaluated. It is recommended to use the substrate containing 20% MO + 40% BRH + 15% CF + 5% ES + 20% CS.

Chagas disease, a zoonosis caused by the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is a chronic and systemic parasitic infection that affects ~5–7 million people worldwide, mainly in Latin America. Chagas disease is an emerging public health problem due to the lack of vaccines and effective treatments. According to recent studies, several T. cruzi secreted proteins interact with the human host during cell invasion. Moreover, some comparative studies with T. rangeli, which is non-pathogenic in humans, have been performed to identify proteins directly involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this study, we present an integrated analysis of canonical putative secreted proteins (PSPs) from both species. Additionally, we propose an interactome with human host and gene family clusters, and a phylogenetic inference of a selected protein. In total, we identified 322 exclusively PSPs in T. cruzi and 202 in T. rangeli. Among the PSPs identified in T. cruzi, we found several trans-sialidases, mucins, MASPs, proteins with phospholipase 2 domains (PLA2-like), and proteins with Hsp70 domains (Hsp70-like) which have been previously characterized and demonstrated to be related to T. cruzi virulence. PSPs found in T. rangeli were related to protozoan metabolism, specifically carboxylases and phosphatases. Furthermore, we also identified PSPs that may interact with the human immune system, including heat shock and MASP proteins, but in a lower number compared to T. cruzi. Interestingly, we describe a hypothetical hybrid interactome of PSPs which reveals that T. cruzi secreted molecules may be down-regulating IL-17 whilst T. rangeli may enhance the production of IL-15. These results will pave the way for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of Chagas disease and may ultimately lead to the identification of molecular targets, such as key PSPs, that could be used to minimize the health outcomes of Chagas disease by modulating the immune response triggered by T. cruzi infection.

The trypanosomatid (protozoan) parasites Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. are causative agents of Chagas disease and Leishmaniasis, respectively. They display high morphological plasticity, are capable of developing in both invertebrate and vertebrate hosts, and are the only trypanosomatids that can survive and multiply inside mammalian host cells. During internalization by host cells, these parasites are lodged in “parasitophorous vacuoles” (PVs) comprised of host cell endolysosomal system components. PVs effectively shelter parasites within the host cell. PV development and maturation (acidification, acquisition of membrane markers, and/or volumetric expansion) precede parasite escape from the vacuole and ultimately from the host cell, which are key determinants of infective burden and persistence. PV biogenesis varies, depending on trypanosomatid species, in terms of morphology (e.g., size), biochemical composition, and parasite-mediated processes that coopt host cell machinery. PVs play essential roles in the intracellular development (i.e., morphological differentiation and/or multiplication) of T. cruzi and Leishmania spp. They are of great research interest as potential gateways for drug delivery systems and other therapeutic strategies for suppression of parasite multiplication and control of the large spectrum of diseases caused by these trypanosomatids. This mini-review focuses on mechanisms of PV biogenesis, and processes whereby PVs of T. cruzi and Leishmania spp. promote parasite persistence within and dissemination among mammalian host cells.

Anxiety Sensitivity (AS) is a transdiagnostic risk factor involved in the development and maintenance of different psychopathological conditions including anxiety disorders and psychosis. It consists of Physical Concerns (e.g., the belief that palpitations lead to a cardiac arrest), Social Concerns (the belief that observable anxiety reactions will elicit social rejection), and Cognitive Concerns (the belief that cognitive difficulties lead to mental incapacitation). No study investigated whether specific AS dimensions are related to At-Risk Mental States (ARMS). This study compared AS dimensions between young individuals with ARMS, patients after a recently occurred First-Episode Psychosis (FEP) and matched community controls. Based on models of ARMS and previous evidence, it was hypothesized that ARMS individuals have higher physical, social and cognitive concerns than FEP patients and controls. Thirty individuals with ARMS and 30 with FEP and 30 controls recruited from the general population completed the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3) and Penn State Worry Questionnaire. ARMS and FEP individuals had higher scores than controls on ASI-3 Cognitive Concerns [F(2,87)= 11.48, p

In order to achieve good yields and profitability from ginger crops, the water supply must be adequate. However, there are few studies available which have evaluated the adequate water supply to this vegetable. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation depths on the development and productivity of ginger plants. The research was conducted at the "Sítio Schmidt" farm located in the municipality of Santa Maria de Jetibá, in the central mountainous region of Espírito Santo State, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications, each experimental unit consisting of three rows at a spacing of 0.90 m and 0.10 m between plants of two meters extension, totaling 20 experimental units. The treatments consisted of application of five irrigation depths equivalent to: 50%, 75%, 100%, 125% and 150% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc). We evaluated the number of sprouts; average mass of export quality rhizome; the production of export, small and total rhizomes (t ha-1); and water use efficiency. The total water depth applied in the range 1100–1200 mm per cycle favors the development of ginger plants, providing the highest yields of total and export rhizomes, the greatest average mass of export quality rhizome and lowest production of small rhizomes.

Esse estudo tem como objetivo identificar como os professores da Educação Básica diferenciam e empregam as diferentes atividades matemáticas, delimitadas aqui por exercícios, situações contextualizadas e problemas, em suas práticas pedagógicas, através da aplicação de um questionário. Para tanto, tem-se uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os pressupostos da metodologia de Resolução de Problemas, especificando suas diferentes abordagens, bem como, a diferenciação entre essas atividades destacadas. A pesquisa foi realizada com 116 professores que atuam tanto no Ensino Fundamental como no Ensino Médio. A partir deste estudo conclui-se que parte dos professores possuem uma concepção equivocada sobre os termos situação contextualizada e problema, não sabendo diferenciá-los corretamente, o que implica em abordagens não adequadas para cada uma das etapas de aprendizagem, desde a introdução de um novo conteúdo até a sua avaliação. Por fim, frente aos resultados analisados recomenda-se que cursos de formação continuada sejam promovidos para que a Resolução de Problemas, enquanto metodologia, possa de constituir como uma prática de sala de aula da Educação Básica.

In this second installment of a series of two papers on the 1 2 -BPS Wilson line defect CFT in N = 4 super Yang-Mills, we focus on dynamical aspects of the theory, in particular studying four-point functions with analytic bootstrap methods. Relying on the results of [1] for the kinematics and strong coupling spectrum, we consider various four-point functions in the planar limit, in an expansion for large ’t Hooft coupling. Our ultimate goal is to provide a detailed derivation of the four-point function of the displacement supermultiplet at three loops, first presented in [2]. Along the way, we present a large amount of new results including four-point functions with zero, one or two long external supermultiplets. The last two represent a novelty in the analytic bootstrap literature and are instrumental in addressing the problem of operators degeneracy. Such phenomenon leads to the necessity of resolving a mixing problem that is more complicated than those usually encountered in the study of holographic correlators, thus leading us to the development of a new approach that we believe will have a wider range of applicability. Related to this issue, we analyze in some detail the structure of the dilatation operator in this model. Some of the ingredients that we use apply more generally to holographic theories, although a thorough investigation of these aspects is missing, to the best of our knowledge, in most interesting cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on the use of agricultural residues as an alternative to commercial substrates have become fundamental tominimising the risk of environmental contamination resulting from inadequate disposal, as well as reducing seedling production costs. This research involved an evaluation of growth variables and quality of cucumber seedlings produced in substrates with different compositions of agricultural waste with a view to providing substitutes for commercial substrate. The experiment was based on a completely randomised design, with six treatments and ten replicates. There were five treatments with increasing proportions of moinha/decreasing proportions of carbonized rice husk (0/40, 10/30, 20/20, 30/10 and 40/0%) and fixed proportions of coconut fibre (15%), eggshell (5%), pine bark (40%), and one commercial substrate treatment as the control (Bioplant®). The variables evaluated were: electrical conductivity of the substrate, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, Dickson quality index (DQI) and dry matter of roots and above ground parts. Results show that alternative substrates can replace commercial substrate without impairing the quality of cucumber seedlings. However, the substrate containing 40% of moinha, 0% of rice husk, 15% of coconut fibre, 5% of eggshell and 40% of pine bark resulted in the highest values for all evaluated variables and appears to be the most promising alternative substrate for the production of cucumber seedlings.

Na produção de hortaliças de qualidade a formação de mudas é uma das fases mais importantes para o ciclo da cultura, influenciando diretamente no desempenho final da planta, tanto do ponto de vista nutricional como produtivo. Um dos fatores decisivos para obtenção de mudas com qualidade e consequente aumento de produtividade é o tipo de substrato utilizado. O estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito de proporções crescentes de resíduos da secagem de grãos de café (moinha) em substratos alternativos compostos de fibra de coco, casca de ovo e substrato comercial, nas variáveis de crescimento de mudas de repolho. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e dez repetições, sendo os tratamentos: T0: substrato comercial (testemunha); T1: 10% de moinha (MO) + 15% fibra de coco (FC) + 5% casca de ovo (CO) + 70% substrato comercial (SC); T2: 20% de MO + 15% FC + 5% CO + 60% SC; T3: 30% de MO + 15% FC + 5% CO + 50% SC; T4: 40% de MO + 15% FC + 5% CO + 40% SC. As variáveis avaliadas foram condutividade elétrica do substrato, diâmetro de coleto, número de folhas, altura de plantas e matérias secas da parte aérea, raiz e total de planta. Os maiores valores obtidos das variáveis analisadas foram obtidos no tratamento 4, no qual se utilizou-se 40% de moinha + 15% fibra de coco + 5% casca de ovo + 40% substrato comercial.