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Background: The utility of thrombophilia testing in patients with splanchnic vein thrombosis (SpVT) has not previously been rigorously evaluated. The purpose of this study was to characterize differences in the prevalence of thrombophilia in patients with SpVT involving portal (PVT), mesenteric (MVT), splenic (SVT), or hepatic (HVT) veins in isolation or with multisegmental (M-SpVT) involvement compared to patients with lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Methods: An inception cohort of patients with incident SpVT was identified for whom comprehensive thrombophilia testing was performed between 1995 and 2005 and compared to DVT controls. Results: 341 patients with SpVT (mean age 50 ± 16 years, 53 % women) including isolated PVT ( n = 112), MVT ( n = 67), HVT ( n = 22), SVT ( n = 11), and M-SpVT ( n = 129) involvement and 3621 DVT controls (mean age 55 ± 16 years, 56 % women) had comprehensive thrombophilia testing. The prevalence of abnormal results was similar for SpVT (24.6 %) and DVT (25.9 %) patients. 'Strong' thrombophilias were more prevalent among SpVT patients (12.3 vs. 8.5 %, p = 0.0168). Patients with splenic (45.5 %) and mesenteric (41.8 %) thrombosis had the highest thrombophilia prevalence. Protein S deficiency was more common in SpVT patients (3.5 vs. 0.9 %, p < 0.001). In contrast, FV Leiden was more prevalent among DVT patients (15.8 vs. 10.9 %, p = 0.0497). Conclusion: The prevalence of selected thrombophilia factors differ comparing SpVT and DVT patients. The prevalence is particularly high for patients with splenic and mesenteric vein thrombosis. Whereby the finding of strong thrombophilia impacts duration of anticoagulant therapy, such testing is warranted in the evaluation of patients with unprovoked SpVT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congenital peritoneal encapsulation is a rare entity characterized by an accessory peritoneal membrane that forms during embryonic development. Congenital peritoneal encapsulation is generally asymptomatic but can cause intermittent, colicky abdominal pain related to subacute small bowel obstruction. Diagnosis is made incidentally or upon surgical exploration for chronic abdominal complaints as preoperative imaging is typically nonspecific. We report a case of a 49-year-old male with epigastric abdominal pain, constipation, and superior mesenteric vein thrombosis on imaging. Upon exploratory laparotomy, the small bowel was covered by an accessory peritoneal sac consistent with congenital peritoneal encapsulation. The accessory sac was excised completely, and the patient recovered well. Although rarely causing significant gastrointestinal symptoms, congenital peritoneal encapsulation is an anomaly that requires surgical intervention., Competing Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2022.)

Objective: To describe a case of acute portal vein thrombosis after IVF treatment. Design: Case report. Setting: University teaching hospital. Patient(s): A 39-year-old woman experienced worsening, right upper quadrant pain several days after oocyte retrieval; ET was withheld. Imaging studies revealed acute portal vein thrombosis with extension into the splenic and superior mesenteric veins. Intervention(s): Therapeutic anticoagulation; no ET was performed. Main Outcome Measure(s): Improvement in symptoms, accurate diagnosis of condition. Result(s): Decreased size of portal vein thrombosis and partial vessel recanalization. Conclusion(s): Thromboembolic events are a rare complication of assisted reproductive technology (ART). In women who present with upper abdominal pain during ART, portal vein thrombosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case report presents a female patient in the puerperal period with abdominal pain recurring for 10 days in whom bowel infarction occurred. In a computerized tomography angiography (CTA) made after bowel resection, superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion was diagnosed. The patient was referred for SMA stenting. However, analysis of the clinical course of the disease and ultrasonographic examination suggested the possibility of portal and superior mesenteric vein (SMV) thrombosis as a cause of bowel infarction. This was confirmed in the second CTA. Additionally, signs of portal hypertension in CTA and panendoscopy were diagnosed. Anticoagulation with warfarin for thrombosis and carvedilolum for portal hypertension reduction were recommended. Sclerotherapy was performed three times with histoacryl and polidocanol due to the progression of the gastric fundal varices. A diagnostic examination made in order to determine the cause of the thrombotic process showed only a mutation in the heterozygous tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene. Diagnostic difficulties were described, and practical suggestions for the diagnosis of the basic disorder and its complications were made. Rationales for therapy were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thromboses of abdominal veins outside the iliac–caval axis are rare but clinically relevant. Early deaths after splanchnic vein thrombosis occur in 5–30% of cases. Sequelae can be liver failure or bowel infarction after splanchnic vein thrombosis, renal insufficiency after renal vein thrombosis, ovarian infarction after ovarian vein thrombosis. Local cancer or infections are rare in Budd–Chiari syndrome, and common for other sites. Inherited thrombophilia is detected in 30–50% of patients. Myeloproliferative neoplasms are the main cause of splanchnic vein thrombosis: 20–50% of patients have an overt myeloproliferative neoplasm and/or carry the molecular marker JAK2 V617F. Renal vein thrombosis is closely related to nephrotic syndrome; finally, ovarian vein thrombosis can complicate puerperium. Heparin is used for acute treatment, sometimes in conjunction with systemic or local thrombolysis. Vitamin K-antagonists are recommended for 3–6 months, and long-term in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome, unprovoked splanchnic vein thrombosis, or renal vein thrombosis with a permanent prothrombotic state such as nephrotic syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: Mesenteric vein thrombosis (MVT) is a rare and frequently underdiagnosed complicationof Crohn''s disease (CD). This study describes the clinical and radiological characteristics of CD /patients with superior mesenteric vein thrombosis (MVT) diagnosed by CT/MRI. Patients and methods: The database of Crohn''s disease patients treated in Sheba Medical Center between 2005-2010 was searched for MVT diagnosis. Imaging studies of identified patients were retrieved and reviewed by an experienced abdominal radiologist. MVT was defined by superior mesenteric vein obliteration and/or thrombus in the vessel lumen on abdominal imaging. The clinical and radiologic data of these patients were collected from the medical records. Results: MVT was demonstrated in 6/460 CD patients. Five patients had stricturing disease, and one patient had a combined fistulizing and stricturing disease phenotype. All patients had small bowel disease, but 3/6 also had colonic involvement. No patient had a prior thromboembolic history or demonstrable hypercoagulability. One patient had an acute SMV thrombus demonstrable on CT scanning, the remaining patients showed an obliteration of superior mesenteric vein. Two patients received anticoagulation upon diagnosis of thrombosis. No subsequent thromboembolic events were recorded. Conclusions: The incidence of mesenteric vein thrombosis is likely to be underestimated in patients with Crohn’s disease. Both CT and MRI imaging demonstrate the extent of enteric disease and coincident SMV thrombosis. In our cohort, thrombosis was associated with stricturing disease of the small bowel. The clinical impact of SMV thrombosis and whether anticoagulation is mandatory for all of these patients remains to be determined. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this review, we present some different and special conditions that are generally being treated with anticoagulants such as cerebral vein thrombosis (CVT), mesenteric vein thrombosis (MVT), Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS), and Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) despite the lack of controlled clinical trials. While either low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) or unfractioned heparin (UFH) are used in the acute phase of the first three conditions, the potential chronic use of warfarin in PH is controversial. What is not completely known in the management of CVT, MTV, and BCS is whether (a) LMWHs are similar to UFH in terms of efficacy and safety, and (b) a fibrinolytic drug could be employed in the acute phase. The timing at which warfarin should be started, and the duration of its employment are two additional crucial points that deserve to be examined. In the course of PH, the role of warfarin is controversial, but it could be employed after a careful balance of the hemorrhagic and thromboembolic risk. In conclusion, we tried to simplify the approach to this sometimes problematic task considering the available literature with the aim of providing some practical skills to be used by physicians in their daily clinical practice. Since it is improbable that in the future controlled clinical trials will be designed to find the optimal anti-thrombotic management of these conditions, we believe that a physician should be aware of the lack of solid data in the field but at the same time should always exert clinical judgment when considering an aggressive anticoagulant approach. The duration of oral anticoagulant treatment is left to the clinical judgment of the balance between the hemorrhagic and thrombotic risks in any single patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To report the success of treatment with low- molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) in a case of nephrotic syndrome complicated by mesenteric vein thrombosis (MVT) and portal vein thrombosis (PVT). Clinical Presentation and Intervention: A 53-year-old man with nephrotic syndrome developed persistent mild abdominal pain for 3 days. Hepatic-portal venous system thrombosis of nephrotic syndrome was suspected due to new-onset superficial vein engorgement of the abdomen without liver cirrhosis. Abdominal computed tomography revealed MVT concomitant with PVT. He was successfully treated with LMWH without thrombolytic therapy. After discharge on day 9, he received continuous anticoagulation by LWMH on an outpatient basis at the nephrology clinic. Venous thromboembolic events or proteinuria did not recur within the 6-month follow-up. Conclusion: This report showed a case of MVT concomitant with PVT, a critical complication of nephrotic syndrome that was diagnosed in time and successfully treated with LMWH. A high index of clinical suspicion and timely management are crucial to tackle thrombotic complications in nephrotic syndrome. Copyright © 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term splanchnic vein thrombosis encompasses Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS), extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO), and mesenteric vein thrombosis; the simultaneous involvement of additional regions is frequent, and clinical presentations and risk factors may be shared. The annual incidence of BCS and isolated mesenteric vein thrombosis is less than one per million individuals, while the incidence of EHPVO is about four per million; autopsy studies, however, suggest higher numbers. Current advances in non-invasive vascular imaging allow for the identification of chronic or asymptomatic forms. Risk factors can be local or systemic. A local precipitating factor is rare in BCS, while it is common in patients with portal vein thrombosis. Chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are the leading systemic cause of splanchnic vein thrombosis, and are diagnosed in half the BCS patients and one-third of the EHPVO patients. The molecular marker JAK2 V617F is detectable in a large majority of patients with overt MPN, and up to 40% of patients without overt MPN. Inherited thrombophilia is present in at least one-third of the patients, and the factor V Leiden or the prothrombin G20210A mutations are the most common mutations found in BCS or EHPVO patients, respectively. Multiple factors are present in approximately one-third of the patients with BCS and two-thirds of the patients with portal vein thrombosis. Immediate anticoagulation with heparin is used to treat patients acutely. Upon clinical deterioration, catheter-directed thrombolysis or transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt is used in conjunction with anticoagulation. Long-term oral anticoagulation with vitamin K-antagonists (VKA) is recommended in all BCS patients, and in the patients with a permanent prothrombotic state associated with an unprovoked EHPVO. In patients with an unprovoked EHPVO and no prothrombotic conditions, or in those with a provoked EHPVO, anticoagulant treatment is recommended for a minimum of 3-6 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Purpose: We report thrombosis of portal and mesenteric veins in patients with a pattern of rectal venous malformations (VMs) and ectatic major mesenteric veins. Methods: Eight patients having rectal VMs with either ectatic mesenteric veins and/or evidence of portomesenteric venous thrombosis (PVT), evaluated from 1995-2009, were reviewed. Results: Portomesenteric venous thrombosis was evident in 5 patients at presentation. Three had patent ectatic mesenteric veins, 2 with demonstrated reversal of flow, and 2 of whom went on to thrombosis during observation. Six patients developed portal hypertension. Five remain on long-term anticoagulation. After recognizing this pattern, one patient underwent preemptive proximal ligation of the inferior mesenteric vein (IMV) to enhance antegrade portal vein flow and prevent propagation or embolization of venous thrombus from the IMV to the portal vein. Conclusion: Rectal VMs should be evaluated for associated ectatic mesenteric veins. The ectatic vein siphons flow from the portal vein down to the rectal VM, leading to stagnation of blood in the portal vein and resultant thrombosis. Primary thrombosis in the stagnant rectal VM and/or mesenteric vein can also predispose to embolization up into the portal vein. This pattern of rectal VM and ectatic mesenteric vein should be considered a risk factor for devastating PVT. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In adults, mesenteric venous thrombosis with extension into the portal system is a known complication of total proctocolectomy with pouch ileoanal anastomosis. Although frequently reported in adults, this complication is rare in pediatric patients undergoing this operation. We report 2 cases of adolescent patients with ulcerative colitis who experienced portal vein thrombosis after this procedure. Both were treated with systemic anticoagulation therapy with complete resolution of their clots. We recommend that mesenteric/portal venous thrombosis be considered in the differential diagnosis in any child presenting with fever, abdominal pain, and leukocytosis after restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anastomosis and that imaging obtained to evaluate abdominal complaints in this population be directed toward ruling out this complication. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background Mesenteric vein thrombosis (MVT) can result in intestinal ischemia and is associated with high morbidity and mortality due in part to its frequent delay in diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment outcome of MVT. Methods Hospital records and clinical data of all patients treated for MVT were reviewed during a recent 14-year period. Clinical outcome and factors affecting survival were analyzed. Results A total of 68 patients were included in the study. Abdominal exploration was performed in 23 patients (34%), and second-look operation was necessary in 18 patients (26%). Three patients (4%) underwent unsuccessful operative mesenteric vein thrombectomy, whereas percutaneous transhepatic mesenteric thrombectomy was performed successfully in 3 patients (4%). The 30-day mortality rate was 20%. Forty-six of the 54 survivors were treated with long-term oral anticoagulation therapy. Actuarial survival at 2, 4, 6, and 10 years was 68%, 57%, 43%, and 22%, respectively. Risk factor analysis showed malignancy (P < .002), age >60 years (P < .005), cirrhosis (P < .02), symptom duration (P < .005), and bowel resection (P < .03) were associated with mortality. Logistic regression analysis showed age >60 years (odds ratio [OR], 3.64; P = .03), malignancy (OR, 3.88; P = .02), and prolonged symptom duration (OR, 5.62; P = .01) were independent predictors of mortality. Conclusions MVT is associated with significant mortality. Prompt diagnostic evaluation with computed tomography may reduce potential treatment delay. Underlying malignancy, advanced age, and prolonged symptom duration are predictive of poor outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With induction of Indian Army to heights over 5000 m above mean sealevel (MSL), several new complications of long-term stay at extreme altitude have come to light. The authors’ experience with soldiers who developed symptomatic portal system thrombosis (SPST) is described here.Clinical data were prospectively collected between April 1998 and April 2003, on all patients hospitalized for SPST from high-altitude areas (HAA,>3000 m above MSL) and those from non-high-altitude areas (NHAA). Site of thrombosis was confirmed by imaging and included splenic, portal, superior mesenteric, or inferior mesenteric vein thrombosis. Patients were investigated to rule out known predisposing factors and prothrombotic conditions.A total of 37 cases of SPST were seen during the study period, of which 26 were from HAA. Mean age of cases from HAA was 27 ± 4.6 years and all were male. Mean stay at high altitude was 11.7 ± 6.2 months. First symptom was pain in abdomen in almost all the cases, later followed by gastrointestinal bleeding and fever in 14 each, and vomiting in 19. Clinical examination showed ascites (81%), splenomegaly (76.9%), and hepatomegaly (69.2%). Diagnosis was made by imaging scans (23 cases) and on surgery in three cases. A known prothrombotic state was detected in five cases from HAA and in eight cases from NHAA (P ≤ 0.01). Ultrasound Doppler scan picked up collaterals as early as 12–45 days after onset of symptoms.Extended stay at HAA may be a risk factor for development of symptomatic portal system thrombosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesenteric venous thrombosis is a rare condition associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. There have been no randomized trials, but most recent authors advocate the combination of a high clinical index of suspicion combined with noninvasive imaging with computerized tomography to make the diagnosis. When there is no evidence of perforation or peritonitis the condition is best managed conservatively with anticoagulation treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: Thromboembolism is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in inflammatory bowel disease. Several prothrombotic conditions have been investigated in inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of symptomatic postoperative superior mesenteric vein thrombosis in inflammatory bowel disease patients undergoing colonic resections and to identify and characterize their clinical presentation. METHODS: Between January 1999 and December 2001, 83 consecutive patients undergoing total colectomy for inflammatory bowel disease were studied retrospectively. Patients who developed new-onset postoperative acute abdominal pain were evaluated by CT scan of the abdomen. A complete coagulation profile, including thrombin time, platelet count, protein C, protein S, antithrombin III, homocysteine level, factor V Leiden mutation, plasminogen, and prothrombin G20210A mutation, was obtained in patients diagnosed with superior mesenteric vein thrombosis. RESULTS: Four patients (4.8 percent; 3 females; 3 patients with ulcerative colitis and 1 with Crohn’s colitis) developed symptomatic postoperative superior mesenteric vein thrombosis. Two of these patients had extension of the clot into the portal vein. Their presenting symptom was abdominal pain, with a median interval of ten days from the index surgery. The hematologic workup was negative in three patients, with one heterozygous for prothrombin G20210A mutation. All patients were treated with systemic anticoagulation for at least six months. One ulcerative colitis patient was diagnosed after abdominal colectomy and underwent an uneventful ileal pouch-anal anastomosis after systemic anticoagulation. CONCLUSION: Postoperative superior mesenteric vein thrombosis is a more frequent occurrence than previously reported in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Direct surgical trauma to the middle colic veins, with resulting thrombosis, is likely to be the precipitating factor in a borderline intrinsically hypercoagulable environment. All patients became asymptomatic after systemic anticoagulation and recovered uneventfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: BackgroundPortal vein thrombosis (PVT) has been described after splenectomy, but the factors associated with its development and the clinical outcomes are poorly characterized.: MethodsCase logs of four surgeons from 1996 to 2001 were retrospectively reviewed to identify cases of postsplenectomy PVT.: Results:Eight cases of PVT (8%) among 101 splenectomies were identified. Indications for splenectomy in patients with PVT were myeloproliferative disease (n = 4), hemolytic anemia (n = 3), and myelodysplastic disorder (n = 1). All patients had splenomegaly (mean 1698 g, range 360 to 3150 g). Among 10 patients with myeloproliferative disease (MP), 4 patients (40%) developed PVT, compared with 4 of 12 patients (25%) with hemolytic anemia. Three of 4 patients (75%) with MP disease and spleen weight greater than 3,000 g developed PVT. Five patients developed PVT despite receiving prophylactic subcutaneous heparin postoperatively. Presenting symptoms included anorexia in 7 (88%), abdominal pain in 6 (75%), and both elevated leukocyte and platelet counts in 8 patients (100%). All diagnoses were made by contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan, and anticoagulation was initiated immediately. One patient died of intraabdominal sepsis; the others are alive with no clinical sequelae at 38 months of follow-up.: ConclusionsPVT is a relatively common complication of splenectomy in patients with splenomegaly. A high index of suspicion, early diagnosis by contrast-enhanced computed tomography, and prompt anticoagulation are key to a successful outcome. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Mesenteric vein thrombosis (MVT) in a pregnant patient is a rare condition that seems to be associated with the pregnancy pró-thrombotic state. This can lead to severe circumstances such as intestinal hemorrhagic ischemia, sepsis, abortion and death. Abdominal assessment is challenging due to the anatomical and physiological changes during pregnancy. MVT clinical and complementary evaluation are nonspecific, making essential an image exam. We report a case of a 33-years-old woman at 11 weeks of gestation. She sought medical evaluation due to abdominal pain and had an appendicitis diagnosis, which was treated by laparoscopic surgery. One week later, she came back complaining of nonspecific abdominal pain. So an extensive evaluation was made, and the diagnosis of MVT and intestinal ischemia was concluded. She underwent laparotomy exploration and anticoagulation, having a good evolution and so was discharged on the sixth post-operative day., (Published by Oxford University Press and JSCR Publishing Ltd. © The Author(s) 2022.)

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a disease in which thrombosis occurs from the intrahepatic branches of the portal vein, and may extend to the splenic vein and/or superior mesenteric vein. It is most often associated with liver cirrhosis. PVT not associated with cirrhosis is rare. The aim of this article is to report two cases of PVT in which it was not associated with cirrhosis. Both were treated with anticoagulation and clinical progress afterwards was good., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: No conflicts of interest declared concerning the publication of this article., (Copyright© 2021 The authors.)

Introduction Pneumatosis intestinalis is usually considered as a benign condition. Here we report the association of this condition with mesenteric vein thrombosis leading to gangrenous bowel which, to our best knowledge, is the first reported association. Case Presentation The patient was a 71-year old Iranian smoker man, who was diagnosed with pneumatosis intestinalis for 11 months and then developed the abdominal pain which was confirmed to be due to the mesenteric vein thrombosis complicated by bowel gangrene. Discussion Although pneumatosis intestinalis is not usually threatening in adults, its new onset in the abdomen of these patients should prompt the complications such as mesenteric vein thrombosis.

Computed tomography (CT) has been used in the evaluation of 11 patients with ischemic bowel lesions before confirmation of the disease with surgery or autopsy. The CT abnormalities were thickened bowel wall (10 patients) with post-contrast enhancement (9 patients), dilated fluid-filled bowel (9 patients), intramural low attenuation zones (5 patients), intramural gas (8 patients), and focal or diffuse free intraperitoneal fluid (5 patients). The diagnosis of bowel ischemia should be considered when performing CT in patients with abdominal pain of unknown etiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesenteric vein thrombosis is an uncommon complication following laparoscopic surgery. A review of the literature has shown that there is a higher incidence of thrombosis following laparoscopic bariatric procedures, including the gastric sleeve procedure and roux-en-y gastric bypass surgery. Additionally, pylephlebitis, thrombosis of portal or mesenteric veins, has been described following perforated appendicitis. However no report has described mesenteric vein thrombosis following laparoscopy for nonperforated appendicitis in the pediatric population. The cause of this thrombosis is hypothesized to be secondary to venous stasis secondary to insufflation during laparoscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute abdominal pain during pregnancy is challenging, both from a diagnostic and management perspective. A non-localized, persistent pain out of proportion to physical examination is a sign that advanced imaging may be necessary. Mesenteric venous thrombosis in a pregnant patient is extremely rare, but if diagnosis is delayed, can be potentially fatal to both the mother and the fetus. We present here a pregnant patient in the tenth week of gestation with classic clinical manifestations of mesenteric vein thrombosis and the corresponding findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesenteric vein thrombosis is a rare complication of bariatric laparoscopic surgery. We report a case of a 47-year-old man with obesity who had mesenteric vein thrombosis 14 days after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. He was treated with heparin anticoagulation with a good therapeutic response. This case and literature review illustrate that mesenteric vein thrombosis has to be included in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain after a bariatric procedure and listed formally as a complication of bariatric surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesenteric vein thrombosis is an uncommon manifestation of hypercoagulable states, A case is reported of superior mesenteric vein (SMV) thrombosis in a patient with pancreatitis and protein C deficiency. A discussion of SMV thrombosis identification, management, and outcomes is included. The patient presented with a significant history of alcohol abuse and constant, midepigastric abdominal pain associated with nausea and vomiting, Amylase and lipase were elevated, and the patient was treated for pancreatitis. His symptoms initially responded to intravenous fluid hydration, but soon his clinical picture worsened, with increased nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, and distension. Contrasted computed tomography of the abdomen revealed SMV thrombosis. A hypercoagulable workup revealed protein C deficiency. After a 3-month course of oral anticoagulant therapy, the SMV thrombosis resolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]