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Tweetable abstract This editorial examines what has caused the evidence around ivermectin to be so controversial, provides a brief analysis of recently published evidence, and highlights why it is important to learn lessons from ivermectin for future re-purposed drugs.

The development of green corrosion inhibitors is a challenging task as it has to comply with strict environmental regulations. Ionic liquids (ILs) have recently been proposed as promising corrosion inhibitors. The present paper reports on two ILs designed to act as green and efficient high-temperature corrosion inhibitors. The prepared ILs, namely, choline formate (ChF) and choline acetate (ChA), are composed of biologically active ions. To elucidate their structure and corrosion inhibition effect on mild steel in 5% HCl the ILs were subjected to characterization tests like proton nuclear magnetic resonance (

Ketamine is known to be an effective factor in reducing pain without significant side effects.One of the limited side effects of Ketamine is agitation. Due to the reduction of this symptom with Haloperidol, we decided to design a randomized clinical trial to compare the analgesic effect of Ketamine with Haloperidol and Fentanyl in reducing acute pain and its complications.In this study, 200 adult patients who presented to the emergency department with acute pain are examined. They are randomly divided into two groups. One group received intravenous Ketamine with Haloperidol and the other group received intravenous Fentanyl. Patients are then compared for their pain score before and after administration of the drugs, as well as the side effects they experienced.There was no significant difference between the mean scores of initial pain in the two groups, but at all intervals of 5, 10, 15 and 30 min after injection, the mean of pain scores of patients in the group receiving Ketamine and Haloperidol were lower. The need for injection of rescue analgesic was 9% in the Ketamine and Haloperidol group and 34% in the Fentanyl group. The mean agitation score did not differ between the two groups except in the tenth minute. At tenth minute, the mean agitation score of the Ketamine group was higher.Ketamine works better than fentanyl in controlling acute pain, and limited side effect of agitation can be controlled if injected with haloperidol. Due to its better function and fewer side effects, it seems that in controlling acute pain, Ketamine along with Haloperidol can be a good alternative to opioids.

In recent years nitric oxide (NO) has been established as a versatile molecule due to its multifaceted roles in growth and development and as a key signaling molecule in different intracellular processes in plants. Moreover, NO also acts as a direct or indirect antioxidant and regulates the level of reactive oxygen species in stressed cells. A plentiful of literature is available with the information on the role of NO in growth, physiological, biochemical and molecular attributes of plants and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) that oxidizes arginine to NO and citrulline, has been characterized as the source of NO in animals. However, in plants, as several sources of NO are identified, synthesis of NO is more complex and is a matter of considerable debate. Based on the previous evidences, the present review is focused on the enzymatic and non-enzymatic sources of NO in plants.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Databases searched and search strategies employed. Supplementary Table 2. NIH Quality Assessment Checklist. Supplementary Figure 1. Funnel Plot of Studies Included in the Meta-analysis of adverse neonatal outcomes (ANO).

The aim of this review was to assess several factors associated with Buerger’s disease or thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO), especially the immunological basis of this disease. We found that an established etiology for TAO has not been agreed on so far, but no one denies the strong association between TAO and tobacco consumption. Another possible etiology for this disease is bacterial infections such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Rickettsia and their possible role via inflammatory processes. TAO was more common in low socioeconomic societies with poor hygiene. It may be attributable to the prevalence of Rickettsia infection because of the tick bite in these societies. In case of autoimmunity, it should be noted that T 17 cells keep the body away from autoimmune processes. The number of infiltrated CD4+ T cells in the arterial wall is higher than B cells. In fact, this may propose the significant role of T cells in the immunopathology of patients with TAO. The disease is also associated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-17 and IL-23, as inflammatory cytokines. Antiphospholipid antibodies, anti-CL, anti-TLRVYK, anti-TLRIYT, anti-TLALYK, and anticardiolipin may also play a role in this disease. Further evidence is needed to shed light on the condition, especially in case of T cell lymphocytes’ role.

The ternary nanocomposite polythiophene (PTh)-TiO

The synthesis of novel l -proline nitrate ionic liquid referred to as [Pro][NO3] (IL), was performed and the 1H, 13C NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques were used to elucidate the chemical structure. The inhibition properties of the [Pro][NO3] IL were evaluated for mild steel (MS) corrosion in 1 M HCl using gravimetric measurement, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) measurement, FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation studies. As indicated by electrochemical and weight loss techniques the tested [Pro][NO3] IL was established as an excellent mixed type high-temperature acid corrosion inhibitor for MS; the optimal temperature and concentration being 70 °C and 300 ppm, respectively. Furthermore, the contact angle measurement and surface studies revealed water-repelling property and the protecting capability, respectively of the investigated inhibitor. The electronic property of [Pro][NO3] IL has been explored using density functional theory (DFT) and the sites susceptible for electron sharing were identified through Fukui indices analysis. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulation based on the Monte Carlo method has been employed to envisage the spontaneous adsorption of [Pro][NO3] IL on MS surface.

Herein, we reported a facile, cost efficient, synthesis of Gr@NiCu NCs nanocomposite and explored their application in supercapacitor and antibacterial applications. The Graphene sheets in the NiCu based electrode showed a high specific surface area and supports conductive networks decorated with oxygen groups, which synergistically improve charge storage capability. Furthermore, Gr@NiCu NCs contain hydrophilic oxygen groups of chemically reduced graphene oxide, which allows easy access of the electrolyte to the electrode’s pores. An electrochemical study demonstrated the highest specific capacitance of 977 Fg−1 at 10 Ag-1 and remarkable cyclic retentiveness ∼90% even after 1000 cycles. A noteworthy energy density of the Gr@NiCu NCs achieves approximately 542 KWh kg−1 and a power density of 21 kW kg−1 acquired through the CD description utilizing a current density of 10 Ag-1. The antimicrobial activity of synthesized Gr@NiCu NCs was performed against S. Aureus, E. coli, and MRSA ATCC BAA 1708, P.Aeroginosa (ATCC 27853), S.Mutans (MTCC SM 497) strains compared with ampicillin antibiotic drug. This potent antibacterial activity is attributable to the synergistic apoptosis from Cu2+ and bacteriostatic effect Ni2+ ions with graphene sheet (enhance ROS production), released from Gr@NiCu NCs.

This work demonstrates the fabrication of a highly selective ammonia (NH3) gas sensor based on Graphene/Silver–Silver Oxide/Polypyyrole (Gr/Ag–Ag2O/PPy) nanocomposite. To archive this objective, a cost-effective, room temperature mediated solution-based synthesis of Gr/Ag–Ag2O/PPy nanocomposite was exploited as an efficient performance NH3 gas sensor through combining the exceptional electrical characteristics of Graphene and sensing abilities of Ag–Ag2O/PPy. The as-synthesized nanomaterials were examined for relative DC conductivity with ammonia vapors' exposure at room temperature (25 °C) with the electrical signals' changes. The incorporation of Gr/Ag–Ag2O in PPy revealed about 40 times higher amplitude of conductivity change as compared to pristine PPy on exposure to the ammonia vapors. The reversibility response of Gr/Ag–Ag2O/PPy regarding the DC electrical conductivity with an effective variation range from 9.15 S/cm to 6.48 S/cm was observed in the ambient air on exposure to 1000 ppm of ammonia vapors. Gr/Ag–Ag2O/PPy was shown to offer a more excellent selectivity toward ammonia due to its basicity compared to different volatile organic compounds.

Graphene polyindole (Gr@PIn) nanocomposite with varying content of graphene was synthesized via an in‐situ redox polymerization doping technique. The techniques like FT‐IR, XRD, SEM, and TEM were utilized to characterize the produced nanocomposites. The produced nanocomposites were cast on LCS (low carbon steel) substrate employing NMP as a solvent, 10% epoxy as a binder, and triethylenetetramine as a curing agent. The anti‐corrosion ability of the Gr@PIn nanocomposite coatings was established by performing corrosion tests such as OCP, EIS, PDP measurements, Salt spray test, and Wettability test. Gr@PIn coating was observed as an effective anti‐corrosion coating for LCS substrate in 3.5 wt.% NaCl. The anticorrosion behavior of coating was dependent on graphene content; the higher content of graphene providing higher protection. The anticorrosion performance of Gr@PIn nanocomposite coating was also compared with that of Polyindole (PIn) coating and bare steel.

Objective:To investigate the cross-sectional association between dietary intakes of antioxidants and fibre and depressive symptoms among Iranian adolescent girls.Design:A cross-sectional population-based study.Setting:Primary schools in two different cities located in northeastern Iran (Mashhad and Sabzevar).Participants:A total of 988 adolescent girls aged 12–18 years were included in the study.Results:Subjects with no or minimal depression symptoms had significantly higher dietary intakes of α-carotene (P = 0·01), β-carotene (P = 0·006), lutein (P = 0·03) and vitamin C (P = 0·04) when compared with subjects with mild-to-severe depression symptoms. Soluble dietary fibre and insoluble dietary fibre intakes were also significantly higher in healthy adolescents compared with those with depression symptoms (P < 0·001). In multivariate-adjusted model 2, the OR (95 % CI) of depressive symptoms were 0·61 (95 % CI 0·37, 1·01), 0·42 (95 % CI 0·26, 0·69), 0·50 (95 % CI 0·31, 0·79), 0·71 (95 % CI 0·44, 1·15), 0·51 (95 % CI 0·32, 0·82) and 0·42 (95 % CI 0·25, 0·68) for the highest v. lowest quartile of vitamin C, β-carotene, α-carotene, lutein, soluble dietary fibre and insoluble dietary fibre cereal intakes, respectively.Conclusions:Dietary intake of some antioxidants and dietary fibre intake was inversely associated with depression symptoms among Iranian adolescent girls.