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The geologic and geomorphic history of coastal areas can be assessed using a four-part process: Thorough examination of technical literature and existing data from various archives. Field data collection and observation. Laboratory examination of samples collected in the field. Office interpretation of all project data, both newly collected and historic. It is vital that existing sources of data be evaluated before field studies are undertaken to prevent duplicating efforts and to guide the optimum sampling scheme. Field studies must be designed to answer basic questions about the study area: What physical processes affect the region? Does the underlying geology have a major influence? How has man modified or damaged the local environment? How much data can we afford to collect? Do we have the knowledge, ability, managerial skill, or money to properly analyze the data we want to collect at the project site? Is it more important to conduct a long-term sampling program or a shorter, more intensive program? Coastal scientists must be aware of how historic data were collected, and what assumptions and procedures were used by the original field technicians and analysts. The quality of historic data may vary from excellent to worse than useless. The use of instruments in the coastal zone is far from straightforward; incorrect use of instruments may lead to erroneous results because the wrong parameters may be monitored. Coastal engineers are urged to consult specialists in the field to help plan and conduct field studies. The analysis of contemporary coastal data is difficult and also requires the skills of specialists with experience in the particular types of instruments and methods that have been used.

This report concerns a cultural resources survey of a portion of the east bank of the Mississippi River in southwest Mississippi over a total of 72. 55 acres. Portions of the area are subject to bank erosion and a revetment is planned to alleviate the problem. The survey revealed two historic cemeteries near the project area: Clarksville Cemetery and Riverside Cemetery. Additionally, a site of prehistoric habitation, the Riverside midden (22WK643) was newly reported. Testing showed this midden to date from at least the Coles Creek period of prehistory. Additional archeological work is recommended for the Riverside Midden site. Archeology, Clark Creek, Clarksville, Clarksville Cemetery, Fort Adams, Geomorphology, Midden site, Mississippi history, Riverside Cemetery, Tunica Hills, Tunica lndians.

The coastlines of the world's oceans encompass a tremendous variety of geomorphic and geologic structures. They range from rocky cliffs to sandy barrier beaches to low-lying swampy wetlands. The geomorphic forms were created by the interaction of antecedent geology, physical dynamic processes, and man- made intervention. Variable features are usually composed of unconsolidated materials that respond rapidly to changes in the dynamic environment. More stable features are usually associated with consolidated rock or occur in quiescent environments. The geologic history of shorelines can be inferred from a careful study of geomorphic structures, coupled with additional data on physical processes and historic events. Many of the study techniques are relatively simple, consisting of analysis of existing maps and historical sources. An understanding of the processes which have shaped the shore is crucial to the design of coastal structures and to the intelligent management of coastal resources and habitats. In addition, understanding of the form/process relationships between geomorphology and dynamics may allow coastal scientists to more accurately predict the results of construction or other modifications along the shore.

This report assesses impacts to National Register and potential National Register properties in the vicinity of the Inner Harbor Navigation Canal, New Orleans. Impacts might result from modification to the canal. Geomorphology and the natural setting are reviewed. Prehistoric and historic period culture histories are presented. Detailed information is presented concerning the Ursuline Convent, the Jourdan Brick Yard, and late-nineteenth- century residential development. A research design for archaeological test excavations is based on the above. Three bridges that may be impacted are evaluated. Two of these, the St. Claude and Florida Avenue Bridges, are recommended eligible for the NRHP because they are Strauss Bascule Bridges. This report presents an overview of the geology and geomorphology of the project area, summarizes the environmental setting, summarizes the prehistory of southeastern Louisiana, discusses the growth and development of New Orleans, and presents a detailed history of land use from the 1720s through the 1920s. Also presented is an evaluation of three bridges that may be impacted by project construction.

This report describes a cultural resources survey of a proposed borrow area along the Belle River in lower St. Martin Parish, Louisiana. The area surveyed was, in general, profoundly disturbed by previous construction activity. Three possible cultural resources were located along the Belle River in the survey corridor; these are tentatively identified as components of a previously identified site. Opposition from the land tenant prevented subsurface testing of these locations. An additional prehistoric site, was located immediately outside of the survey area. Although testing was conducted here, no bones or artifacts were recovered. Neither site will be negatively impacted by the proposed borrowing activities. At this time, neither site is eligible for placement on the National Register. Included in the following report is a description of the area's geology and geomorphology, biota, historic and prehistoric settlements, and cultural resources.