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Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional status, knowledge on multivitamin/mineral supplements and their use among individuals who applied to an outpatient clinic and to evaluate the factors related to multivitamin/mineral preparations (MVM) use. Subjects and Method: This descriptive study was conducted at outpatient clinics (serving for hospital staff and health sciences faculty students) between May-June 2019 with 1650 (≥18 years of age) applicants and one out of four individuals (n=415) were asked to participate in the study. A total of 289 people accepted to participate. The data were collected via face-to-face questionnaire. Results: Of the participants, 66.8% were women; 58.9% were between the ages of 20-34 years; and MVM use was 36.3%. Participants stated their economic status as “good” (p

AMAÇ: Preklinik dönemde izolasyon kontrol önlemlerinin (İKÖ) anlatılması ve bu konuya önem verilmesi doktor adaylarının riskli meslek hayatları boyunca kendilerini ve hastalarını korumalarını sağlayacaktır. Bu araştırmanın amacı Tıp Fakültesi Dönem 3 öğrencilerinin İKÖ methodları hakkındaki bilgi durumlarının, ilişkili faktörlerin ve eğitim ihtiyacının belirlenmesidir.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Tanımlayıcı nitelikteki araştırmada, Tıp Fakültesi Dönem 3 öğrencilerinden çalışmaya katılmak isteyen öğrencilere Ekim 2018 - Şubat 2019 tarihleri arasında, genel bilgilerini ve İKÖ konusunda bilgi durumlarını değerlendiren sorulardan oluşan anket, kampüs ortamında uygulandı.BULGULAR: Öğrencilerin %49,3’ü kadın; %50,7 erkekti. İKÖ hakkında hastane ziyaretlerinde bilgilendirme yapılan (p=0,045) ve el hijyeni ve İKÖ ile ilgili eğitim alan (p=0,025) öğrencilerin, el hijyenine dair bilgi ve uygulamaları diğerlerine göre daha doğru bildikleri belirlendi. Hastanede yatma öyküsü bulunan (p=0,014), İKÖ hakkında hastane ziyaretlerinde bilgilendirme yapılan (p=0,017) ve el hijyeni ve İKÖ ile ilgili eğitim alan (p=0,000) öğrencilerin, İKÖ’ye dair bilgi ve uygulamaları diğerlerine göre daha fazla doğru bildiği belirlendi.SONUÇ: Bilgi ve tutumun davranış haline dönüşebilmesi için enfeksiyon kontrolünde başlıca yere sahip olan konularla ilgili eğitimlere mümkün olduğunca erken başlanmalı ve belirli aralıklarla eğitimler yenilenmelidir. Bu konuda rol model olması gereken ve mesleki olarak kendini de koruması gereken hekimlerin preklinik dönemde bu eğitimleri almaları çok önemlidir.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı günümüzde gittikçe yaygınlaşan sezaryen ile doğumun sadece anneye değil ileri de bebek için de alerji gibi riskli durumlar ortaya çıkarabileceği ihtimalinin araştırılarak irdelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmaya Temmuz – Kasım 2020 tarihleri arasında Aile Hekimliği polikliniğine başvuran, 2 yaş altı tek çocuğu olan annelerden çalışmaya katılmayı kabul edip, yazılı onam alınanlara anket uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 90 katılımcıdan 45 (%50) tanesi sezaryen, 45 (%50) tanesi normal doğum yapmıştı. Çocuğu alerji tanısı alanlarda doğum şekline göre bir değişkenlik saptanmadı. Aynı şekilde alerji varlığı ile baktığımız değişkenler arasında istatistiksel bir ilişki saptanmadı. Bakılan diğer değişkenlerden sadece gebelikte sigara kullanımında doğum şekline göre anlamlı bir farklılık vardı (p=0.041). Sonuç: Günümüzde endikasyon dışı yasak olmasına rağmen ticari kaygılarla hastanın kendine bırakılabilen sezaryen doğum, sadece endikasyon varlığında doktor tarafından seçilecek bir doğum yöntemidir. Sezaryen doğumunun anne ve bebek için komplikasyonları olabilmekte olup, önerilen yöntem, bebeğin vajinal kanaldan geçerek normal doğumla doğurtulmasıdır. Gebeler doğru bilgilendirmelerle normal doğumun en sağlıklı doğum yöntemi olduğu anlatılmalıdır., Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate and examine the possibility that cesarean section, which is becoming increasingly common today, may cause risky conditions such as allergies not only for the mother but also for the baby in the future. Material and Method: The questionnaire was applied to the mothers who applied to the Family Medicine outpatient clinic between July and November 2020, who accepted to participate in the study and received written consent. Results: Of the 90 participants included in the study, 45 (50%) had cesarean section and 45 (50%) had a normal birth. No variation was found according to the type of delivery in those whose children were diagnosed with allergies. Likewise, there was no statistical relationship between the presence of allergies and the variables we looked at. Among the other variables examined, there was only a significant difference in smoking during pregnancy according to the mode of delivery (p = 0.041). Conclusion: Although it is prohibited off-label cesarean delivery, which can be left to the patient due to commercial concerns, is a delivery method to be chosen by a doctor only in the presence of an indication. Cesarean section may have complications for the mother and the baby, and the recommended method is to deliver the baby with normal delivery through the vaginal canal. Pregnant women should be informed that normal birth is the healthiest delivery method with correct information.

The current study aimed to screen for delirium in hospitalized older adults and assess the validity of the Turkish version of the 4A's Test (4AT-TR) as a feasible tool to integrate in routine patient care. The point prevalence of delirium according to clinical evaluation in routine practice was detected among all patients aged ≥60 years in 12 pilot wards. Delirium screening was then conducted by two arms: (a) nurses using the 4AT-TR and (b) geriatricians according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition ( DSM-5 ) criteria. Prevalence of delirium according to clinical impression was 3.3% ( n = 4), whereas prevalence was 12.4% ( n = 17) according to DSM-5 criteria and 13.8% ( n = 17) according to the 4AT-TR. The 4AT-TR performed by nurses had a sensitivity of 66.6% and specificity of 93.5%. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for delirium diagnosis was 0.819 ( p < 0.001). Most delirium cases remain undetected unless a routine and formal delirium assessment is integrated in hospital care of high-risk patients. The 4AT-TR performed by nurses seems to be a valid tool for determining delirium in hospitalized older adults. [ Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 48 (8), 43–51.]

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine factors that can affect revanchist behavior such as emotional state and sleep quality, and to evaluate the relationship between them. Materials and Methods: 461 individuals at the age of 18 and above who referred to our polyclinic for any reason, and agreed to participate were included in the study via conducting a survey after their written consents were obtained. A survey that consisted of socio-demographic information in the first section, and “the Vengeance Scale”, “the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index”, “the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory” and “Beck Depression Inventory” in the second section was applied to the participants. The data were analyzed with IBM SPSS V23. Results: 52.7% of the participants were male and 47.3% were female. The mean age of the study group was 37.4 ± 11.2 years. 51.4% of the participants had severe depression according to the Beck Depression Inventory, while 20.4% had moderate, 16.3% had minimal and 11.9% had mild depression. The median value of the revanchist behavior levels did not differ according to gender (p=0.257). The median value of the revanchist behavior levels in males were 82, while it was 75 in female participants. The median value of the revanchist behavior levels did not differ according to the educational background (p=0.727). A statistically significant relationship was not found between revanchist behavior levels and age, state anxiety, trait anxiety, Beck depression point and PSQI (p>0.05). Conclusion: The absence of a significant relationship between revenge behavior and age, anxiety level, depression and sleep quality will help us to improve the quality of life of societies rather than personal psychological characteristics, and this behavior level that can also cause violence will be minimized.

BACKGROUND Insomnia increases the incidence of falls and impairs executive function. Moreover, falls are associated with executive function impairment. The relationship between falls and executive function in patients with insomnia is not clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate relationship between falls and executive function in individuals with insomnia and a control group. METHODS This study involved 122 patients (47 insomnia, 75 controls). The Mini-Mental State Examination, Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment Screen, Trail Making Test A, clock-drawing test, and digit span test were used to measure executive function. Semantic and working memory dual task was also performed. Fall history was recorded and the Falls Efficacy Scale - International administered. RESULTS The median age of the patients was 71 years (range: 65-89 years), and 60.7% were women. The insomnia group scored lower on the three-word recall than the control group (P = 0.005), but there was no difference between the groups on cognitive tests. Fall history and fear of falling were more frequent in the insomnia group (P = 0.003, P

Background: This study aims to compare the predictive value of all comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) parameters with the predictive value of frailty assessment (with Edmonton Frailty Scale (EFS) and Fried Frailty Index (FFI)) for long-term mortality, in older adults.

Objective: With this study, we aimed to evaluate the knowledge, usage status and attitudes of young adult men about family planning and contraception methods, a group that has not been studied before in our country, and to determine the influencing factors. Method: This descriptive research was conducted on male individuals between the ages of 18-35 between June 2020 and July 2020 by applying an online e-questionnaire. In the study, a questionnaire form consisting of 25 questions in total and formed after the literature review was applied. The e-questionnaire form developed by the researchers was shared 10 times over the web at three-day intervals. Results: 85.0% of the participants (n = 380) have experienced sexual intercourse at least once in their life. 55.7% of these people (n = 323) throughout their life; 21.1% of them have been with more than one partner in the last year. 89.2% of them do not plan to have a child in the next year. 65.9% of those who have had sexual intercourse have used contraceptive methods in their sexual intercourse. As the education level increases (p = 0.003), the increase in the frequency of using contraceptive methods was found to be statistically significant. Those who use alcohol (p = 0.004) and who think that men should be protected during sexual intercourse (p

To evaluate the change in sleep patterns and sleep quality in older patients during hospitalization. Sleep duration was shortened; however, sleep quality was not changed during hospitalization. Insomnia is associated with geriatric syndromes in hospitalized older adults. Sleep quality and insomnia evaluation should be a routine part of assessment during hospitalization. Insomnia, a common problem in older adults, may be precipitated by multiple factors including medical conditions, social, behavioral, and environmental factors. The aims of our study were to evaluate sleep pattern changes during hospitalization, determine the predictors of sleep quality and sleep disorders in geriatric inpatients. In this prospective observational study, all ≥ 65-year-old patients hospitalized in internal medicine wards were assessed at the time of hospitalization and after 1 week. Insomnia Severity Index and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to define insomnia and subjective sleep quality. All patients underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment. Data of factors contributing sleep disturbances during hospitalization were recorded. Totally 101 patients were recruited. Mean ± SD age was 73.5 ± 5.2 years and 53.5% were female. Frequency of poor sleepers was 58.4% at baseline and 64.7% after 1 week according to PSQI score (p 0.804). Although the total scores and frequency of insomnia did not change in the first week of hospitalization, sleep duration was significantly shortened (6.4 ± 2.6 h vs. 5.9 ± 2.7 h, respectively; p

The influence of preoperative comprehensive geriatric assessment and frailty on postoperative morbidity, mortality, delirium were examined. A total of 108 patients were evaluated. The Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (ADL), the Lawton Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL), the Mini-Nutrition Assessment test (MNA), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were performed. Fried Criteria were used to assess physical frailty. We used the Physiological and Operative Severity Scores for the Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity score (POSSUM), the American Society of Anesthesiologists Score (ASA), and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to determine the risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Assessment Test for Delirium (4AT) was applied for detection of delirium. The median age was 71 years (min–max: 65–84). IADL (p = 0.032), MNA (p = 0.01), MMSE scores (p = 0.026) were found to be significantly lower in patients with morbidity. POSSUM physiology score (p = 0.005), operative score (p = 0.015) and CCI (p = 0.029) were significantly higher in the patients with morbidity. Patients developed morbidity were found to be more frail (p

BACKGROUND Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is the coexistence of sarcopenia and obesity in an individual. The present study is designed to define the usefulness of skeletal muscle ultrasonography (US) in the definition of SO. METHODS Eighty-nine participants aged ≥65 whose body mass index (BMI, kg/m2 ) was ≥30 were consecutively enrolled in an outpatient clinic of geriatric medicine. All underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment. US measurements were obtained in 6 different muscles consisting of core and limb muscles. We defined SO as the presence of low muscle function (defined by a handgrip strength < 27 kg in males and

Background Sars-CoV-2 infection influences older individuals at the forefront, and there is still limited data on the COVID-19 vaccine response in the geriatric population. This study aimed to assess antibody response after vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine and examine possible factors affecting this response in a geriatric population. Methods individuals who have been on at least the 28th day after the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine were included. Comprehensive geriatric assessment tools and the Clinical Frailty Scale were performed. SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgG antibodies were detected and, levels ≥1 U/ml were defined as seropositive, Results a total of 497 patients were included and divided into three groups according to the days past after the second dose of the vaccine (Group 1: 28–59 days, Group 2: 60–89 days and Group 3: 90 days and more). Groups included 188, 148 and 171 patients, respectively. Seropositivity rate in each group was 80.9,73.2 and 57.3%, respectively. In Groups 1 and 2, Charlson Comorbidity Index score was higher in the seronegative group (P = 0.023 and P = 0.011, respectively). In Group 3, the prevalence of frailty was significantly higher in the seronegative group (P = 0.002). Conclusion to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study assessing the antibody response after vaccination with Sars-CoV 2 inactivated vaccine in the Turkish geriatric population. Moreover, this is the first study revealing the relationship between antibody response and frailty. Larger studies are needed to confirm the antibody response duration and the association between frailty and COVID-19 vaccine response.

Several studies reported that impaired nutrition is associated with reduced muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance. Chewing ability is essential to maintain balanced oral nutrient intake. The study was designed to define the possible relationship between chewing ability and nutrition-related problems (malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty) in a holistic perspective.This cross-sectional study recruited adults aged ≥65 years. All patients were evaluated with comprehensive geriatric assessment. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criterion. Malnutrition was determined according to body mass index, calf circumference, and Mini Nutritional Assessment short form (MNA-SF). Frailty status was diagnosed with the Clinical Frailty Scale. Masseter and gastrocnemius muscle thicknesses (MTs) were measured via ultrasonography imaging. Oral examinations were carried out by a dentist, and chewing performance was examined with a color-changeable chewing gum.Overall, 135 older adults (76 females) were analyzed. Mean ± SD age was 75.7 ± 7.2 years; 37.0% of the patients were frail, 3.7% were malnourished, 12.6% were sarcopenic, and 20.0% had poor chewing function. In the poor chewing function group, age and frailty scores were increased and the MNA-SF scores, handgrip strength, skeletal muscle index, and masseter MT were reduced (all P 0.05). After adjusting for confounders, regression analysis showed that low grip strength and low gastrocnemius MT were independently associated with poor chewing ability.Chewing ability was related to sarcopenia. Age and low grip strength in females and low cognitive scores and having low gastrocnemius MT in males were independent variables affecting chewing ability.

Bu çalışmada, Ulusal Kanser Tarama Programı kapsamında yetişkinlerin kanser taramasına katılma ‎sıklıkları ve katılmama nedenlerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu tanımlayıcı anket çalışması, ‎Türkiye'de Mart 2021 ve Haziran 2021 tarihleri arasında aile hekimliği polikliniklerinde yetişkinlerle ‎yürütülmüştür. Anket 43 soru içeriyordu; ilk bölümde katılımcılardan bazı sosyodemografik verileri ‎sağlamaları istendi; ikinci bölümde ise mevcut sigara içme durumu, kronik hastalık varlığı, herhangi bir ‎kanser türünün olup olmadığı, ailede kanser öyküsü, ülkesindeki kanser tarama programı hakkında bilgi alma ‎durumu, COVID-19 salgını öncesinde ve sırasında herhangi bir kanser taraması yaptırma öyküsü anketin ‎üçüncü bölümü ise ulusal kanser tarama programı (kolorektal kanser, serviks kanseri, meme kanseri) ile ‎ilgili sorulara odaklandı. Ankete katılan 191 kişiden %54.2'si pandeminin dışkıda gizli kan testi yaptırma ‎sıklığını etkilediğini, %47.4'ü pandeminin kolonoskopi sıklığını etkilediğini, %37.7'si pandeminin mamografi ‎çekme sıklığını etkilediğini ve %37.1'i pandeminin pap smear testi yaptırma sıklığını etkilediğini belirtti. Bu ‎gecikmelerin en çok belirtilen nedeni enfeksiyon kapma endişesiyle sağlık ocağına gitmekten korkmaktı. ‎Kanser taramasındaki kesintiler, mevcut kanserlerin geç teşhisine, kanserle ilişkili ek ölümlere yol açacaktır. ‎Tarama oranları COVID öncesi seviyelere dönene kadar bu kesintilerin büyük bir etkisi olabilir. Sonuçlarımız ‎pandeminin tarama programları üzerine olumsuz etkilerini gösterdi ve en çok vurgulanan neden enfeksiyon ‎kapma endişesiyle sağlık ocağına gitmekten korkmaktı.‎

Geriatrician numbers are increasing year by year in Turkey. We aimed to obtain information on licensed geriatricians, trainees, and board of directors of the societies in Turkey and compare this information with other countries' data.The study was conducted as a cross-sectional study. The gender, institution, and title of licensed geriatricians and trainees were documented by scanning websites of university, training and research, state hospitals, and the website of Academic Geriatrics Association. Information about the board of directors of the societies was obtained from the websites of the societies. The last day for data inclusion was August 31, 2021.There were 90 licensed geriatricians and 77 trainees in Turkey as of 31 August 2021. While 52.2% (n = 47) of licensed geriatricians were female, the ratio of females among trainees was 76.6% (n = 59). The ratio of females among trainees was statistically higher than licensed geriatricians (p = 0.001). Females constitute 88.9% of the board of directors of the Academic Geriatrics Association and this ratio was higher than the ratio of females on the board of directors of local and international journals.Best of our knowledge, our study is the first to examine the gender distribution in geriatrics. The dominance of females in geriatrics is very important in countries where geriatrics is relatively newly established as even countries with a deep-rooted history and structure in geriatrics are trying to increase the number of female geriatricians under their new administrations.

Osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO; also known as adiposity) is the combination of three critical conditions. This study aimed to define OSO using muscle ultrasonography (US), and examine the relationship between OSO and frailty compared with its constituent components.A total of160 geriatric patients with a body mass index of ≥30 were enrolled in the study. We obtained US measurements of the rectus femoris thickness and cross-sectional area (RFCSA). OSO was defined as the combination of low muscle function (defined by handgrip strength27 kg in men and16 kg in women), low muscle mass (RFCSA ≤5.22 cmThe median age of participants was 72 y, and 83% (n = 137) were female. Patients were divided into four categories: Obese (n = 72; 43.6%), osteoporotic obese (n = 44; 26.7%), sarcopenic obese (n = 19; 11.5%), and osteosarcopenic obese (n = 25; 15.2%). In the subgroup analysis, the prevalence of frailty was significantly higher in the OSO group than in the other groups on both frailty scales (P0.05). The regression analysis showed that OSO significantly increased frailty status when adjusted for confounders detailed in Table 1 (Fried Frailty Index: odds ratio: 5.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.669-15.132; P = 0.004; Clinical Frailty Scale: odds ratio: 3.765; 95% confidence interval, 1.236-11.465; P = 0.020).US-defined OSO is strongly associated with frailty in older adults according to the first study to define OSO using RFCSA measures.

In the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the difficulties in patients’ applications to health centres, changes have occurred in the places of death of older adults. It is aimed to investigate the change in the places of death of older adults in Turkey, which is one of the countries most affected by the pandemic. Patients admitted to the geriatric outpatient clinic of a university hospital from 01.01.2013 to 29.02.2020 were included. Place and date of death were recorded as hospital or out-of-hospital death. According to results, while the median age of those who died during the pandemic was higher than before ( p < 0.001) and during the pandemic, the hospital mortality ratio was higher than before. During the pandemic period, the hospital mortality ratio of older adults has increased in Turkey. This situation, which has occurred despite the increasing healthcare burden, can show the importance of the measures taken and robust health infrastructure.

ÖzetAmaç: Çalışmanın amacı bir birinci basamak sağlık kurumu çerçevesinde COVID-19 pandemisinin aile sağlığı merkezi başvurularına olan etkisini değerlendirmektir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Retrospektif tanımlayıcı tipteki çalışmanın verileri, Ankara’da iki birimli bir Aile Sağlığı Merkezinin (6407 nüfus) Aile Hekimliği Bilgi Sisteminde kayıtlı 01/04/2019-01/12/2019 ve 01/04/2020-01/12/2020 tarihleri arasındaki hasta başvurularından elde edilmiştir. Çalışmamıza aile hekimliği polikliniklerimize 2019 yılında başvuran 8.315 ve 2020 yılında başvuran 4.563 hasta olmak üzere toplam 12.878 hasta dâhil edildi. Veri formunda, belirtilen başvuru yılları için yıllara/aylara göre toplam başvuru sayıları, muayene sayıları, bebek-çocuk, kadın, lohusa ve gebe izlemleri ve bağışıklama hizmetlerinin sayıları ve bireysel olarak; başvuranların, yaş, cinsiyet, başvuru sayısı, başvuru ana tanıları, kronik-psikiyatrik hastalık durumları raporlanmıştır.Bulgular: 2019 ve 2020 yıllarında başvuranların yıllara göre yaş ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark vardı (p, Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on family health center admissions within the framework of a primary health care institution.Material and Methods: The data of this retrospective study were obtained from the patient applications of a two-unit Family Health Center in Ankara (6407 population) between 01/04/2019-01/12/2019 and 01/04/2020-01/12/2020, which registered on the Family Medicine Information System. A total of 12.878 patients were included in our study, 8.315 of whom applied to our family medicine outpatient clinics in 2019 and 4.563 patients who applied in 2020. Inthe data form, for the specified application years, the total number of applications by years/months, the number of examinations, the number of baby-child, woman, puerperant and pregnant monitoring and immunization services and individually; age, gender, number of applicants, main diagnoses of admission, chronic-psychiatric illnesses status of applicants have been reported.Results: There is a statistically significant difference according to mean age of the applicants between 2019 and 2020 (p

Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common sustained arrhythmia in older adults, causes significant complications such as stroke, dementia, and decreased quality of life. Frailty is a geriatric syndrome that is associated with increased risk of poor clinical outcomes including falls, disability, and mortality. We aimed to investigate the relationship between AF and frailty and functionality in older adults. A total of 123 patients 64 with AF and 59 with normal sinus rhythm were enrolled in the study with cross-sectional design. All patients underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA). Frailty status was assessed using Fried criteria and FRAIL scale. The brief Older People’s Quality of Life questionnaire was applied for quality of life. Results of the laboratory tests were recorded and compared for both groups. Although the frequency of frailty status determined by the Fried criteria and the FRAIL scale was higher in the AF group, this difference was not statistically significant. However, it was found that there was a positive correlation between the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) AF symptom score and frailty according to the FRAIL scale (Goodman and Kruskal gamma coefficient = 0.39, p = 0.020). Comorbidities and polypharmacy were more common in the AF group (p

Background & Aim: Muscle strength seems to be more relevant to the functionality than muscle mass in sarcopenia. Different diagnostic techniques are available for the evaluation of muscle mass. Ult...

There are various 'quality of life' scales developed for older people. Although quality of life is a subjective concept, most of these scales are based on expert opinions rather than perspectives of older people. The aim of this study is to evaluate validity and reliability of Older People's Quality of Life-brief scale (OPQOL-brief), which is based on perspectives of older people, in Turkish population.A cross-sectional study was implemented in a Geriatric medicine outpatient clinic. Total number of 168 older patients who speak in Turkish fluently were recruited. Comprehensive geriatric assessment and OPQOL-brief was applied to all participants together with another quality of life scale validated in Turkish population, CASP-19 (Control, Autonomy, Self-realization, Pleasure). Validity was evaluated with construct validity, convergent validity and discriminant validity. Reliability was assessed with internal consistency and test-retest reliability.Mean age of the study population was 73.3 ± 5.9 years. Female participants were 64.9% (n = 109). Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's α coefficient. OPQOL-brief scale demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.876). Test-retest reliability was assessed by interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and showed high reliability (ICC = 0.98, 95%CI = 0.96-0.99, p 0.001). Strong and significant correlation was detected between OPQOL-brief and CASP-19 scales (r = 0.763, p 0.001).Turkish version of OPQOL-brief has acceptable validity and reliability in Turkish population. The scale can be used to measure quality of life of older people.

Background End-of-life care has become an important public health issue in recent years. Place of death is a major component of end-of-life care. Despite attempts to improve end-of-life care, there has not been published any data about place of deaths in Turkey. Aim: This retrospective, cross-sectional study investigates the place of death and trends over the years in geriatric age groups in Turkey. Methods: Patients who were admitted to geriatric outpatient clinic of a university hospital during a 7-year period were included. Place and date of death information were received from the death notification system and recorded as hospital or out-of-hospital death. Demographic and clinical data were collected from the hospital information system. Deaths occurring after March 1, 2020 were not included to eliminate the effect of coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic. Results: A total of 4025 (20.7%) patients were determined to be dead. Approximately three-quarters of deaths (73.0%) occurred in hospital. The number of deaths reported from nursing homes was only 13 (3.0%). Patients with dementia less frequently died in hospital, however, it was not statistically significant (12.4% vs 14.7%, P = .05). The prevalence of death in hospital was significantly higher in patients with chronic renal failure (3.1% vs 1.7%, P = .02). The presence of comorbid conditions such as heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, Parkinson's disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/asthma, and cancer did not affect the place of death ( P = .24, .21, .24, .51, and .18). Out-of-hospital mortality increased with advanced age ( P

BACKGROUND Pneumococcal diseases (PN) and herpes zoster (HZ) are preventable infections in the adult population. AIMS This study aimed to identify the vaccination rates at 1 year after pharmacist-led provision of information in the community. The objectives were to reveal the reasons for not being vaccinated and to determine opinions and awareness of PN and HZ vaccination among public. METHODS A prospective study was conducted in five social and solidarity centres in Turkey. Participants were educated by a pharmacist about PN and HZ diseases, vaccinations and reimbursement status, respectively. All participants were followed by telephone 1 year after to determine their vaccination status. RESULTS A total of 155 participants (72.9% male; mean age was 68.72 ± 9.04 years) were included. With respect to PN and HZ vaccines, it was found that 40% and 12.7% of participants knew about the respective vaccines. Following the pharmacist's educational session, 52.9% and 51.6% were willing to have the respective vaccine, but only 5.7% and 0.8% respectively got vaccinated 1 year after the educational session. Perceived disease severity, provision of information by a pharmacist, and reimbursement status of the vaccines were not associated with the vaccination rates. CONCLUSIONS The public obtain information on vaccines from friends and family members, which may result in misinformation and inappropriate behaviour in vaccination. Although educational sessions provided by pharmacists did not increase the actual vaccination rates for PN and HZ, public willingness to vaccination has increased.

Background The aim of this study is to identify cutoff values for muscle ultrasound (US) to be used in Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria, and to define the effect of reduced muscle mass assessment on malnutrition prevalence at hospital admission. Methods A total of 118 inpatients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Six different muscles were evaluated by US. Following defining thresholds for muscle US to predict low muscle mass measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, malnutrition was diagnosed by GLIM criteria with seven approaches, including calf circumference, mid-upper arm circumference (MAC), handgrip strength (HGS), skeletal muscle index (SMI), rectus femoris (RF) muscle thickness, and cross-sectional area (CSA) in addition to without using the reduced muscle mass criterion. Results The median age of patients was 64 (18-93) years, 55.9% were female. RF muscle thickness had moderate positive correlations with both HGS (r = 0.572) and SMI (r = 0.405). RF CSA had moderate correlation with HGS (r = 0.567) and low correlation with SMI (r = 0.389). The cutoff thresholds were 11.3 mm (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.835) and 17 mm (AUC = 0.737) for RF muscle thickness and 4 cm² (AUC = 0.937) and 7.2 cm² (AUC = 0.755) for RF CSA in females and males, respectively. Without using the reduced muscle mass criterion, malnutrition prevalence was 46.6%; otherwise, it ranged from 47.5% (using MAC) to 65.2% (using HGS). Conclusions Muscle US may be used in GLIM criteria. However, muscle US needs a standard measurement technique and specific cutoff values in future studies.

AIM Poor adherence with dementia medications is common among patients and caregivers, owing to the absence of perceived effect, polypharmacy, and adverse effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of clinical pharmacists' interventions on the adherence to dementia treatment and the caregivers' knowledge of dementia. METHODS This study was conducted at a geriatric outpatient clinic of the university hospital between October 2018 and April 2019. The Morisky Green Levine Adherence Scale (MGLS) to patients or caregivers and the Dementia Knowledge Assessment Tool Version Two (DKAT2) to caregivers were applied at the beginning of the study and 4 months later by a clinical pharmacist. After the scales were applied in the first interview, verbal information about the importance of adherence to dementia treatment, and incorrect answers of caregivers in DKAT2 were provided by the clinical pharmacist. RESULTS A total of 94 patients and 91 caregivers were included in the study. High adherence to treatment was determined in 70.2% of the patients in the first interview and in 95.7% in the second interview (P

Aim The aim of the study was to investigate and evaluate factors affecting levels of negative bias or attitude towards obesity, known as "fat phobia". Methods The study included 583 individuals who agreed to participate in this research among those presented at our outpatient clinics for any reason. Participants were asked to complete a survey after their written consent was received. The survey consisted of two parts: the first related to socio-demographic information; the second including a "Fat Phobia Scale", the "State-Trait Anxiety Inventory", and the "Beck Depression Inventory". Data analyzed using SPSS 20 statistical software. Results Of the participants, 50.6% were male and 49.4% were female. Among participants, 49.7% had a weight problem in their family, while 50.6% had experienced weight problems. In addition, 35.7% of participants were overweight, 27.4% severely overweight, 20.1% medium-to-normal weight, 7% severely underweight, 6.7% underweight, and 3.1% obese. The median score for fat phobia level did not differ by gender (p=0.790) and was 3.07 in both men and women. The fat phobia level did not vary by profession, previous diets, previous weight problems, and weight self-assessment (p>0.05). There was no significant relationship between fat phobia and age, weight, height, body mass index, state anxiety, trait anxiety and Beck depression score (p>0.05). Conclusion The common opinion across studies on bias is that the effective factor in being free from the relevant bias can be achieved through education. Although fat phobia is a new concept, it is an emotion that is always with us at varying levels. In order to minimize the level of fat phobia as much as possible, to draw attention to this situation and to raise awareness, weight management should be ensured for the health of individuals in addition to psychological sessions.

Aim Sarcopenia is characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Chronic inflammatory conditions and increased oxidative stress are in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between sarcopenia and thiol-disulfide homeostasis and ischemia-modified albumin levels as an oxidative stress marker. Methods Patients aged ≥65 years were recruited in this study. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criterion. Total thiol, native thiol, disulfide and ischemia-modified albumin levels were measures according to clinical and laboratory features. Patients were divided into two groups according to their sarcopenia presence; thiol-disulfide homeostasis and ischemia-modified albumin levels were evaluated between these groups. Results Overall, 94 patients were analyzed. The mean age was 75.0 ± 6.71 years. A total of 39% of the patients were diagnosed as probable sarcopenia, 3.2% had sarcopenia, 6.4% had severe sarcopenia and 51.1% were diagnosed as normal. The levels of native thiol, total thiol, disulfide level and disulfide-native thiol, native thiol-total thiol and disulfide-total thiol ratios were similar in patients with sarcopenia when compared with the control group. In addition, there were no differences between albumin and ischemia-modified albumin levels. In univariate regression analysis, handgrip strength was found to be an independent predictor of native thiol and total thiol, and disulfide levels. Conclusion This is the first study in the literature that evaluates the thiol-disulfide homeostasis and ischemia-modified albumin levels in sarcopenic older patients. Long-term studies are warranted to confirm the relationship between oxidative stress markers and sarcopenia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; ••: ••-••.

This study aimed to provide data about the role of muscle ultrasound (US) to predict sarcopenia.A total of 313 geriatric outpatients (age ≥65 y) were enrolled in the study. After a comprehensive geriatric assessment, anthropometric measurement and handgrip strength (HGS) data were obtained and a bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using HGS and bioelectrical impedance analysis data. Gastrocnemius medialis (GC), rectus femoris (RF), and rectus abdominis (RA) muscle thickness as well as the RF cross-sectional area (CSA) were measured with US. The role of muscle US to predict sarcopenia was defined with a receiver operating characteristics analysis.The prevalence of probable and confirmed sarcopenia were 43.8% (n = 137) and 13.4% (n = 42), respectively. All muscle US parameters had positive correlations with both HGS and the fat-free mass index. There were inverse correlations between all muscle US parameters and the five-item sarcopenia questionnaire. The RF CSA had stronger correlations with the five-item sarcopenia questionnaire, HGS, and the fat-free mass index than others. The values of GC, RF, and RA muscle thickness and the RF CSA to predict sarcopenia for women/men were 13.9/13.8 mm (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.817/0.707 mm), 13/15.5 mm (AUC: 0.760/0.736 mm), 4.3/5.2 cmGC, RF, and RA muscle thickness and the RF CSA all may predict sarcopenia accurately in geriatric outpatients.

Objectives Masked hypertension, defined as nonelevated clinic blood pressure with elevated out of clinic blood pressure, has been associated with increased cardiovascular events, mortality and cognitive impairment. No evidence exists regarding the effect of treating masked hypertension. In this study, we followed-up the patients in the G-MASH-cog study for 1 year and aimed to examine the effect of the management of masked hypertension on cognitive functions. Methods The G-MASH-cog study participants were followed-up for 1 year. In masked hypertensive individuals, lifestyle modification and antihypertensive treatment (perindopril or amlodipine) were initiated for blood pressure control. Measurements of cognitive tests and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring at baseline and at 1-year follow-up were compared. Results A total of 61 patients (30 in masked hypertension group; 31 in normotensive group) were included. Mean age was 72.3 ± 5.1 and 59% of the participants were female. Compared with baseline ambulatory blood pressure measurement results, patients with masked hypertension had significantly lower ambulatory blood pressure measurement results after 1-year follow-up. The quick mild cognitive impairment test (Q-MCI-TR) score increased with antihypertensive treatment (Q-MCI score at baseline = 41(19-66.5), at 1 year = 45.5 (22-70), P = 0.005) in masked hypertensive patients. In the final model of the mixed-effects analysis, when adjusted for covariates, interaction effect of the masked hypertension treatment with time was only significant in influencing the changes in Q-MCI scores over time in patients aged between 65 and 74 years (P = 0.002). Conclusions Treatment of masked hypertension in older adults was associated with improvement in cognitive functions.

Akut derin ven trombozunun teşhisi ve tedavisi zordur. Bu yüzden sıklıkla hatalar yapılabilir. Tek başına klinik tanı genellikle güvenilir değildir ve hastanede meydana gelen derin ven trombozunun büyük bir kısmı asemptomatiktir. Derin ven trombozu ile ilgili klinik şüphe durumunda, D-dimer tayini ve / veya görüntüleme yapılmalıdır. Zamanında teşhis mümkün değilse, antikoagülasyon başlatılmalıdır. Makalemizde aile hekimliği polikliniğimize bacak ağrısı şikâyetiyle başvuran ve akut derin ven trombozu tanısı ile tedavisine başlanan olguyu sunduk., It is difficult to diagnose and treat acute deep vein thrombosis. Therefore, mistakes can often be made. Only clinical diagnosis is often unreliable and the majority of deep vein thrombosis occurring in hospital is asymptomatic. In case of clinical suspicion of deep vein thrombosis, D-dimer test and / or imaging should be performed. If urgent diagnosis is not possible, anticoagulation therapy should be initiated immediately. In our manuscript, we presented a case who was admitted to our family medicine outpatient clinic with the complaint of leg pain and was initiated treatment with the diagnosis of acute deep vein thrombosis.

Aims This study aims to evaluate the changes in smoking addiction levels during the on‐going Covid‐19 pandemic. Methods This study included 104 participants, ≥18 years old who were previous patients of family health clinics for a variety of reasons in the months preceding the onset of the Covid‐19 pandemic. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence was administered to these patients as part of their initial intakes. The participants were asked to complete a questionnaire related to socio‐demographic information and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence after obtaining agreement to participate during the pandemic period. In addition, written informed consent was obtained. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 20, was used to analyse the acquired data. Results The participants were 48.1% and 51.9% women and men, respectively. The pre‐pandemic and Covid‐19 pandemic mean smoking addiction scores were 5.03 and 5.6, respectively. The smoking addiction levels before and during the Covid‐19 pandemic significantly differed (P

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the attitudes, views and solution proposals of family physicians (FPs) about primary healthcare problems of Syrian refugee patients. This study would be the very first study for Turkey that evaluates the attitudes, views and solution proposals of FPs about primary healthcare problems of Syrian refugee patients. Background: Following the anti-regime demonstrations that started in March 2011, the developments in Syria created one of the biggest humanitarian crises in the world and the largest number of asylum seekers continue to be hosted in Turkey. There are some studies evaluating asylum seekers’ access to healthcare services in Europe, and the common result is that refugees have free access to primary healthcare services in most countries; however, they face many obstacles when accessing primary healthcare services. While there are studies in the literature evaluating the situation of access to primary healthcare services from the perspective of asylum seekers; there are few studies evaluating the opinions/views of FPs. Methods: A qualitative methodology informed by the grounded theory was used to guide the research. A total of 20 FPs were interviewed face to face through semi-structured interviews, using 12 questions about their lived experience and views caring of refugee population. Interviews were analysed thematically. Finding: The following themes were revealed: Benefiting from Primary Health Care Services, Benefiting from Rights, Differences Between the Approach/Attitudes of Turkish Citizens and Refugees, Barriers to Healthcare Delivery, Training Needs of Physicians, Solution proposals. FPs reported that there is a need for support in primary care and a need for training them and refugees in this regard and they specified refugee healthcare centres are the best healthcare centres for refugees; however, the number of these and provided services should be increased.

Aims The aim of the study was to evaluate the possible changes in sleep behavior and nutrition in children during the pandemic period. Methods One hundred fourteen parents who accepted to participate in the study aged 18 and over and who had children between the ages of 6 and 16 were included in the study. A questionnaire was carried out after written consents were obtained. In the first part of the questionnaire, there were a total of 9 questions including socio‐demographic information and nutritional characteristics, and the second part included the “Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children” (SDSC). The data were analyzed with the SPSS 20 statistical program. Results The total number of participants was 114 parents; 64 (56%) of the children were girls and 50 (43.9%) were boys. Among the participants, the number of children who had COVID‐19 was 38 (33.3%). There was no statistically significant relationship between going through COVID‐19 status and the variables examined in general. The proportion of participants who stated that if the pandemic period was prolonged, COVID‐19 would not change their diet was found to be statistically significant (P = .038). The SDSC score was found to be significantly high in girls (P

Physical frailty is thought to be related with a decline in cognitive function, mood, and social activities, especially in patients with depression and dementia. It is not clear whether or not physical frailty is associated with an impairment in cognitive function and mood in patients without dementia and depression. In this study, we evaluated the association of physical frailty with cognitive function and mood in geriatric patients without dementia and depression.In this study, 612 patients aged 65 years and over were evaluated. Physical frailty was assessed by using Fried criteria. Furthermore, comprehensive geriatric assessment was performed to each patient.Median age of the patients was 72 years (min-max: 65–93), 58% were female, and 6.5% were frail. Clock drawing (p0.001), MMSE (p0.001), and Yesevage geriatric depression scale (p: 0.010) test results were worse in frail patients compared to pre-frail and robust ones. Age (p: 0.009), being university graduate (p: 0.031), three words recall test (p: 0.014), activities of daily living (ADL) (p: 0.006), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) (p0.001), and MNA-SF (p: 0.001) scores were determined to be independent related factors of frailty.We have demonstrated that cognitive function and mood might be associated with physical frailty in patients without dementia and depression.

Background Cutoff values of cognitive screen tests vary according to age and educational levels. Objective The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy and determine cutoffs for 3 short cognitive screening instruments: the Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment Screen-Turkish version (Qmci-TR), in older adults with low literacy in Turkey. Methods In all 321 patients, 133 with subjective cognitive complaints (SCC), 88 amnestic-type mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and 100 with probable Alzheimer disease (AD) with a median of 5 years education were included. Education and age-specific cutoffs were determined. Results For the overall population, the Qmci-TR was more accurate than the MoCA in distinguishing between aMCI and AD (area under the curve=0.83 vs. 0.76, P=0.004) and the Qmci-TR and Mini-Mental State Examination were superior to the MoCA in discriminating SCC from aMCI and AD. All instruments had similar accuracy among those with low literacy (primary school and lower educational level or illiterate). Conclusions To distinguish between SCC, aMCI, and AD in a sample of older Turkish adults, the Qmci-TR may be preferable. In very low literacy, the choice of the instrument appears less important.

Background and Aim: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia prevalence are expected to increase with aging. The DemTect is a very quick and easy tool to administer and recognize the early stages of dementia and MCI. In this study we aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of a Turkish version of the DemTect and define cut off values for different age and educational levels. One of our aims is also to compare the sensitivity and specifity of the DemTect to other common screening tools. Patients and Methods: Fifty-four patients with MCI, 55 patients with dementia and 91 patients with subjective memory complaints (SMC) were enrolled in the study. The DemTect was translated into Turkish by forward-backward translation and compared with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment Turkish version (QMCI-TR) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). In order to test interrater reliability, the DemTect was administered to 11 patients, on the same day, by 2 trained raters. To establish test–retest reliability, the same rater scored the tool a second time on 11 patients within 2 weeks. Results: The median age of the patients was 73 (min-max: 65–90) years, 54.5% were female. We found a strong correlation between DemTect scores and the MMSE, the QMCI, and the MoCA (r = 0.725, r = 0.816, r = 0.821, respectively; p < 0.001). In ROC analysis, the cut-off point of the DemTect to differentiate MCI from SMC was 11.5 with 92.6% sensitivity, 91.2% specificity, AUC 0.973 and the cut-off point of the DemTect to differentiate dementia from SMC was 9.5 with 96.4% sensitivity, 100% specificity, AUC 0.916. Cronbach α was 0.823. Intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.873 (95% CI: 0.598–0.964) for interrater reliability and 0.966 (95% 0.777–0.982) for test-retest reliability (Cronbach α = 0.932, 0.966 respectively). Conclusion: The DemTect is a very reliable tool to assess Turkish patients with MCI and dementia.

Objective We aimed to learn about the experiences of family medicine research assistants during COVID 19 pandemic and to obtain information about improvement activities that can be done in similar situations. Material and methods The study was conducted with the research assistants of X University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, who worked in the COVID-19 outpatient clinic during the pandemic period. The research was a qualitative research. Data were analysed using a thematic framework method. Results Fifteen research assistants (11 female, 4 male) were included in the study. No remarkable difference was detected in the opinions with respect to their gender and their working period as a physician. The analysis revealed four main themes; emotions experienced during pandemic, working environment, gains, reasons to choose"family medicine". Conclusion Family medicine research assistants have important roles during pandemic. However, in this period, it is very important to know their views in order to provide the most accurate management and to meet their training needs.

Background The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) has developed new criteria for diagnosing patients with malnutrition. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of malnutrition according to the GLIM criteria, Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), and Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) and their association with long-term mortality in patients hospitalized for acute illnesses. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in a sample of 231 patients with different comorbidities hospitalized for acute illnesses in medical or surgical wards. Nutrition status was retrospectively assessed with GLIM criteria using patients' records at admission in addition to SGA and NRS-2002. The agreement between the tools was calculated using kappa statistics, and the association of malnutrition according to each tool and mortality were analyzed using Cox regression analysis. Results The mean age of the patients was 62.2 +/- 18.2 years, and 56.7% were women. The prevalence of malnutrition was 35.9% with GLIM criteria, 37.2% with SGA, and 38% with NRS-2002. The agreement between tools was good (GLIM-SGA,kappa= 0.804; GLIM-NRS-2002,kappa= 0.784). During a median follow-up period of 63.2 months, 79 deaths occurred. The sensitivity in predicting 5-year mortality was 59.49%, 58.23%, and 58.23%, and specificity was 76.32%, 73.68%, and 72.37% for GLIM criteria, SGA, and NRS-2002, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, GLIM criteria best predicted 5-year mortality (hazard ratio, 3.09; 95% CI, 1.96-4.86;P< .001). Conclusions Our findings support the effectiveness of GLIM in diagnosing malnutrition and predicting all-cause mortality among patients hospitalized for acute illnesses.

Background A novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) occurred in China in December 2019 and has spread globally. In this study, we aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized older adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Turkey. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of hospitalized patients aged ≥ 60 years with confirmed COVID-19 from March 11, 2020 to May 27, 2020 using nationwide health database. Results In this nationwide cohort, a total of 16,942 hospitalized older adults with COVID-19 were enrolled, of whom 8,635 (51%) were women. Mean age was 71.2 ± 8.5 years, ranging from 60 to 113 years. Mortality rate before and after curfew was statistically different (32.2% vs. 17.9%; p < .001, respectively). Through multivariate analysis of the causes of death in older patients, we found that male gender, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, dementia, were all significantly associated with mortality in entire cohort. In addition to abovementioned risk factors, in patients aged between 60 and 79 years, hypertension, chronic kidney disease and cancer and in patients 80 years of age and older malnutrition were also associated with increased risk of mortality. Conclusions In addition to the results of previous studies with smaller sample size, our results confirmed the age-related relationship between specific comorbidities and COVID-19–related mortality.

Objectives: Orthorexia Nervosa is a new eating disorder and is known as an excessive control of quality of the eaten foods. During postpartum period, related to the physiological and medical changes, it was stated that most of the women have concerns about their body image and therefore they have tendency to change their lifestyle, and it can lead mothers to Orthorexia Nervosa. The aim of this study was to assess the Orthorexia Nervosa tendencies of postpartum women and investigate the related factors. Methods: This descriptive study was carried out among postpartum women between 1st December 2018-1st February 2019. We contacted with the women via e-mails through a social media group special for postpartum women which had 10.350 members at the time of the study. The minimum sample size for the universe was estimated as 370 women, assuming a 95% confidence interval and 5% sampling error. The questionnaire consists of two parts: the general features of participants and the ORTO-11 questionnaire. Results: The mean ORTO-11 scale score of all participants (N=511) was 22.68±4.09 (min=12; max=35) and had a statistically significant relationship with age, working status, vocation, family-style, the understanding of being healthy, physical activity, diet status, and the order of nutrition status. According to the cut-off point, 87.7 % (n=426) of the participants were found to be at risk of developing Orthorexia Nervosa.Conclusions: The tendency toward Orthorexia Nervosa was greater among mothers in the postpartum period. Also the mothers who change their eating habits and change the physical activity status after delivery had higher ON tendency than others. So the postpartum period is very important to follow up the mothers about ON and such eating disorders because of the changing lifestyle habits. Family physicians have a critical role in this regard with their preventive medicine qualifications., Amaç: Ortoreksiya Nervosa yeni bir yeme bozukluğudur ve yenen yiyeceklerin kalitesinin aşırı kontrolü olarak bilinir. Doğum sonrası dönemde fizyolojik ve tıbbi değişikliklere bağlı olarak kadınların çoğunun beden imajıyla ilgili endişeleri olduğu ve bu nedenle yaşam tarzlarını değiştirme eğiliminde oldukları ve anneleri Ortoreksiya Nervozaya yönlendirebileceği belirtildi. Bu çalışmanın amacı, postpartum kadınların Ortoreksiya Nervosa eğilimlerini değerlendirmek ve ilgili faktörleri araştırmaktır.Yöntem: Bu tanımlayıcı araştırma, 1 Aralık 2018-1 Şubat 2019 tarihleri arasında postpartum kadınlarda gerçekleştirildi. Çalışma zamanında 10.350 üyesi olan doğum sonrası kadınlara özel bir sosyal medya grubu aracılığıyla kadınlarla e-posta yoluyla iletişime geçtik. Evren için minimum örneklem büyüklüğü, %95 güven aralığı ve % 5 örnekleme hatası varsayılarak 370 kadın olarak tahmin edilmiştir. Anket iki bölümden oluşmaktadır: katılımcıların genel özellikleri ve ORTO-11 anketi.Bulgular: Tüm katılımcıların (N=511) ortalama ORTO-11 ölçek puanı 22.68 ± 4.09 (min=12; maks= 35) olup; yaş, çalışma durumu, meslek, aile tipi, sağlıklı olma anlayışı, fiziksel aktivite, diyet durumu ve beslenme sıklığı ile istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki bulundu. Kesim noktasına göre, katılımcıların % 87,7'sinin (n = 426) Orthorexia Nervosa gelişme riski taşıdığı görüldü.Sonuç: Doğum sonrası dönemde annelerde ON eğilimi yüksek olarak bulundu. Ayrıca doğumdan sonra beslenme alışkanlıklarını ve fiziksel aktivite durumunu değiştiren annelerin ON eğiliminin diğerlerine göre daha yüksek olduğu görüldü. Bu nedenle doğum sonrası dönem, değişen yaşam tarzı alışkanlıkları nedeniyle annelerin ON ve benzeri yeme bozukluklarının yakın takibi açısından çok önemlidir. Aile hekimleri koruyucu hekimlik vasfı ile bu konuda çok kritik bir role sahiptirler.

Objectives: Frailty is a geriatric syndrome which develops as a result of cumulative decline in many physiological systems and results in an increased vulnerability and risk of adverse outcomes. The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) was validated as a predictor of adverse outcomes in community-dwelling older people and evaluates items such as comorbidity, cognitive impairment and disability. We aimed to study the concurrent and construct validity and reliability of the 9 point CFS in Turkish Population.

Purpose: The older population has reached to 8.5%, and the prevalence of frailty is reported as 39.2% in Turkey. The purpose of the study was to assess caregiver burden in families who care for frail older adults in Turkish culture. Method: This descriptive study was conducted in Turkey between June and October 2017. Frail older adults who had no severe cognitive impairment were included. Data were measured using the Older Adult Information Form, Edmonton Frailty Scale, Caregiver Information Form, and Zarit Burden Interview. Results: In total, 131 older person/caregiver dyads were analyzed; the Zarit Burden Interview mean score was 37.59 ± 18.20. Caregivers with less education and providing care more than 8 hours experienced a higher burden ( p < .05). The severity of frailty significantly correlated with the caregiver scores ( R = .36, p < .01). Conclusion: The caregiver burden in Turkish family caregivers was found mild to moderate and correlated with the degree of frailty. Policymakers should focus on culture-specific formal caregiver services.

Background:Pain is one of the most frequent symptoms in older adults. It severely impairs quality of life, increases delirium risk, and may lead to progression of dementia. Assessment of pain performed by taking anamnesis from the patient is not reliable in patients with dementia due to cooperation and communication problems. The aim of this study was to assess pain and its consequences in patients with dementia.Methods:Seventy-five nursing home residents with dementia were enrolled. After comprehensive geriatric assessment, presence of pain was asked to patients, and Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD), Discomfort Scale for Dementia of the Alzheimer’s Type (DS-DAT), Pain Assessment for the Dementing Elderly (PADE), Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale, and Numeric Rating Scale tests were performed.Results:Mean age was 81.1 (7.0), and 46.7% (n = 35) were female. Thirty-two percent of the patients were at early stage, 24% at moderate stage, and 44% at severe stage. Although the number of patients declaring pain was lower in moderate and severe stage, scores of PADE, PAINAD, and DS-DAT were significantly higher in severe stage showing the presence of pain ( P < .001). Furthermore, scores of PADE, PAINAD, and DS-DAT were negatively correlated with comprehensive geriatric assessment test scores.Conclusion:These results demonstrate that pain is not rare in patients with dementia, but they are not usually capable of expressing it, especially in the severe stage. Therefore, objective pain assessment scales developed for patients with dementia should be routinely used and management of pain should be done regarding the association of pain with other geriatric syndromes.