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The incidence of obesity and its most feared comorbidity, diabetes mellitus type 2, is increasing and there would not seem to be any medical treatment to help control these pandemics. However, there is a bariatric surgery technique, the Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB), which is safe and not only helps control excess weight, but produces encouraging results in the control and remission of diabetes.We present 15 selected patients with a BMI between 30 and 35 kg/mt² and diabetes type 2 who underwent a laparoscopic RYGB with of one-year follow-up.A total of 14 women and one man were operated with the following average values: age: 37 years, weight: 88.3 kg, BMI: 32.8 kg/mt², blood glucose: 120 ± 38.8 mg%, HbA1c: 7.6 ± 0.73. Forty percent (40%) suffered from high blood pressure and 33.3% were dyslipidemic. Average surgical time was 75 minutes, hospital length of stay was two days, and there was a low rate of complications and no mortality. Diabetes remission was achieved in 93% of cases with significant drops in blood glucose and HbA1c (p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.001 respectively), dyslipidemia was 100% controlled and hypertension was 83.3% controlled.RYGB in selected patients with obesity type 1 and diabetes mellitus type 2 is a safe and effective technique for metabolic control and obesity control.

Fifty-six bulk isolates of Trichoderma spp. from avocado (Persea americana Mill.), carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.), litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn), rice (Oryza sativa L.) and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) crops located in southern Spain were evaluated for antagonism against one isolate of Rosellinia necatrix Prill. Isolates of both types of fungi were tested in dual and cellophane culture. The origin, cultural characteristics, overgrowth sporulation and staining of growth medium were recorded. As a result, 21 Trichoderma bulk isolates were selected and their corresponding monoconidial isolates were evaluated as above. Next eight monoconidial Trichoderma isolates with the largest in vitro antagonism were selected, and they were additionally tested against nine representative isolates of R. necatrix from nine virulence groups. These were established after pathogenicity tests on 57 isolates of R. necatrix from diseased avocado orchards in southern Spain. These monoconidial Trichoderma isolates were considered as potential biological control agents with a high potential for effective control of white root rot of avocado., Se analizó el antagonismo de cincuenta y seis aislados masales de Trichoderma spp. procedentes de cultivos de aguacate (Persea americana Mill.), clavel (Dianthus caryophyllus L.), litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn), arroz (Oryza sativa L.) y remolacha (Beta vulgaris L.) del Sur de España frente a un aislado de Rosellinia necatrix Prill. Los aislados de ambos hongos se analizaron in vitro en cultivos duales y de celofán, valorándose la procedencia, características culturales, sobrecrecimiento, esporulación y tinción del medio de cultivo. Se seleccionaron 21 aislados masales y se evaluaron sus correspondientes monoconídicos mediante los análisis in vitro citados. Posteriormente se seleccionaron los 8 aislados monoconídicos de Trichoderma que presentaron el mayor antagonismo in vitro. Estos 8 aislados se evaluaron adicionalmente mediante análisis frente a nueve aislados representativos de R. necatrix, procedentes de nueve grupos de virulencia. Estos se obtuvieron mediante análisis de patogenicidad de 57 aislados de R. necatrix procedentes de fincas de aguacate enfermas del Sur de España. Aquellos aislados monoconídicos de Trichoderma podrían considerarse como agentes de control biológico con un alto potencial para un efectivo control de la podredumbre blanca del aguacate.

La lipoaspiración, técnica tradicional usada para el tratamiento de las lipodistrofias con cicatrices mínimas, ha sido a través de los años mejorada con los avances anestésicos, farmacológicos y de instrumental. A su vez han aparecido otras técnicas que han publicitado ventajas respecto al tiempo de recuperación, sintomatología y resultados estéticos. Una de estas técnicas es la laserlipolisis a la que se atribuye menos dolor, menos equimosis y rápido postoperatorio. No se encuentran trabajos que acrediten estas ventajas, por lo que decidimos estudiar si existen ventajas de laserlipolisis en comparación con la lipoaspiración tradicional respecto del dolor, síntoma importante a considerar en el postoperatorio. Para esto se diseñó un trabajo prospectivo randomizado con una muestra de 60 pacientes a los cuales se aplicaron las dos técnicas en diferentes áreas y al mismo paciente. Se evaluó el dolor con escala numérica analógica a las 4 horas, 48 horas y 5 días de postoperatorio. Los resultados mostraron que la laserlipolisis presenta menos dolor en los muslos medido a las 48 horas y 5 días de la intervención. No hay diferencias entre estas dos técnicas en las otras zonas medidas como abdomen, áreas pretrocantéreas ("alforjas"), zona lumbar y pectoral. Considerando todos los pacientes sin diferenciar la técnica usada, las "alforjas" a las 4 horas duelen menos que el abdomen y a los 5 días duelen menos los muslos que el abdomen. No encontramos relación entre volumen aspirado e intensidad del dolor. The traditional suction-assisted lipoplasty, is a well established and commonly performed technique used for the treatment of lipodystrophias, which has undergone improvements with advances in anesthetics, pharmacology and introduction of new instruments. New techniques have appeared, promising advantages in recovery periods, symptomathology and aesthetic results when compared to the traditional suction-assisted lipoplasty. One of these newly introduced techniques is the laser-assisted lipoplasty (laserlipolysis), which claims less pain, less bruising and faster postoperative recovery. No evidence has been published to support these advantages when comparing laser-assisted lipoplasty to the traditional method, specifically when refering to pain, an important symptom to be taken into consideration in the postoperative period. For this reason we designed a prospective, randomized clinical study comprising 60 patients to which the two techniques were applied to different body areas. Pain was assessed using the numeric analog scale at 4 and 48 hours, and at 5 days after surgery. Evidence showed that laserlipolysis results in less pain of the thighs measured at 48 hours and 5 days after surgery. No difference in pain was found between both techniques on the other body areas evaluated (abdomen, trochanteric bulge, lumbar and pectoral areas). Assesing all patients, independent of the technique used, trochanteric bulge at 4 hours was found to be less painful than the abdominal area, and at 5 day evaluation the thighs were less painful than the abdominal area. No relationshipwas found between pain intensity and lipoaspirated volume.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) constitutes a risk factor for the development of non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The search for parameters to provide discrimination between a high risk and a low risk for future development of NIDDM is today the aim of many investigations. The absence or presence of several factors such as glycemia during pregnancy and post partum, the need for insulin treatment, disorders of the pancreatic insulin secretion, the number of pregnancies, maternal obesity, the early diagnosis of GDM, the family history of diabetes mellitus, the race and immune disorders give rise to a very high relative risk (RR) of developing NIDDM. To know the degree of risk will allow a future appropriate clinical intervention to reduce the incidence of NIDDM and its economic cost.