Search

This paper introduces Fuzzy-Cross, a decision making and information-sharing architecture for wireless sensor networks (WSN)that enables the protocols to achieve energy efficiency, reliability,and low data latency. FUCRretains a layered structure with each layer matching to a communication function to provide a practical and simple design. The administrative plane provided by FUCR collects residual energy from physical layer, data delivery, and channel assessment records from data link layer, packet dispatch rate from network layer and sensitivity of sensing unit from application layer. The information collected is used as input descriptors for running fuzzy logic. Output of the fuzzy logic assists physical layer protocol to decide node's transmit power; data link layer protocol to decide retransmission time out, back off time and duty cycle; network layer to determine chance of the node to become a relay node and application layer to determine chance of node to become a reporting node. To investigate the extent to which Fuzzy-Cross meets its goals, it is implemented on top of ZigBee standard. Simulation results demonstrated that Fuzzy-Cross with ZigBee outperforms both (i) ADaptive Access Parameters Tuning (ADAPT) with Zigbee and (ii) standard ZigBee without any modifcations. For a single hop network Fuzzy-Cross is up to 12% more energy efficient compared to ADAPT. Delivery ratio of Fuzzy-Cross is up to 12% more and data latency is up to 19% less compared to ADAPT. Similar trend is seen for multi-hop network and for a wide range of operating conditions.

Coexistence of Wi-Fi and ZigBee in 2.4 GHz ISM band is a long standing and challenging problem. Previous solutions either require modifications of current ZigBee protocols or Wi-Fi re-configurations, which is not feasible in large-scale wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we present WizBee, a coexistence system using single-antenna sink without changing current Wi-Fi and ZigBee design. WizBee is based on an observation that Wi-Fi signal is about 5 to 20 dB stronger than ZigBee signal in symmetric area, which leaves much room for applying interference cancelation technique to mitigate Wi-Fi interference, and extract ZigBee signals. However, we need to cancel the Wi-Fi interference perfectly for residual ZigBee signal decoding, which needs more accurate channel coefficient across data transmissions in spite of cross technology interference. For robust and accurate Wi-Fi decoding, we use soft Viterbi decoding with weighted confidence value over interfered subcarriers. Consequently, our solution uses decoded data for channel coefficient estimation instead of conventional training symbol based methods. The key insight is that, the signal recovery opportunity for cross technology coexistence, lies in multi-domain information, such as power, frequency and coding discrepancies. Using these information properly will improve the coexistence network throughput effectively. We implemented WizBee in USRP/GNURadio software radio platform, and studied the decoding performance of interference cancelation technique. Our extensive evaluations under real wireless conditions show that WizBee improves ZigBee throughput up to $1.9\times$ , with median throughput gain of $1.2\times$ .

Over the years WiFi has gained immense popularity in networking devices to transfer data over short distances. WiFi communication can consume a lot of energy on battery powered devices like mobile phones. The Standard Power Saving Management(SPSM) which is part of the standard specification for wireless LAN technology has been applied widely. However, it may not deliver satisfactory energy efficiency in many cases as the wakeup strategy adopted by it cannot adapt dynamically to traffic pattern changes. Motivated by the fact that it has been more and more popular for a mobile device to have both WiFi and other low-power wireless interfaces such as Bluetooth and ZigBee, we propose an implementation of a ZigBee-assisted Power Saving Management (ZPSM) scheme, leveraging the ZigBee interface to wake up WiFi interface based on the delay bound improve energy efficiency [Qin and Zhang (2013)]. The results obtained by applying this scheme on a Linux environment shows that ZPSM can save energy significantly without violating delay requirements in various scenarios.

Wireless ad hoc network is decentralized wireless network, which does not rely on a preexisting infrastructure, such as routers in wired networks or access points in managed (infrastructure) wireless networks. Instead, each node participates in routing by forwarding data for other nodes. The determination of which nodes forward data is made dynamically based on the network connectivity. Node density has a great impact on the performance and efficiency of wireless ad hoc networks by influencing some factors such as capacity, network contention, routing efficiency, delay, and connectivity. On one hand, maintaining stable connectivity is a big challenge for sparsely deployed and highly dynamic ad hoc wireless network. Vehicle ad hoc network (VANET) which consists of highly mobile vehicles with wireless interfaces is one type of such network, especially in rural areas where vehicles traffic are very sparse. One of the most important applications built on top of VANET is the safety application. In VANET safety applications, source vehicles that observe accidents or some other unsafe conditions of the roads generate warning messages about the conditions, and propagate the warning messages to the following vehicles. In this way, the following drivers have the opportunity to do some necessary action before they reach the potential danger zone to avoid accident. The safety application requires timely and accurate warning message detection and delivery. However, recent researches have shown that sparse and highly dynamic vehicle traffic leads network fragmentation, which poses a crucial research challenge for VANET safety application. On the other hand, reducing contention and thus maximizing the network throughput is also a big challenge for densely deployed ad hoc wireless network, especially when many devices are located in a small area and each device has heavy duty message to transmit. The WiFi interface perhaps is the most common interface found in mobile devices for data transfer as it provides good combination of throughout, range and power efficiency. However, the WiFi

The networks with wireless links for automation control applications traffic transmission when packets have small size and application payload is predictable are under consideration. Analytical model for packets delay on their propagation path through the network is proposed. Estimations for network architectures based on WiFi and Bluetooth wireless technologies are made. The specifications for physical layer 802.11 a/b/g/n and 802.15.1 are under consideration. Analytical and experimental results for delivered network bandwidth for different network architecture, traffic structure and wireless technologies were compared to validate that basic mechanisms are correctly taken into account in the model. It is shown that basic effects are taken into account and further accuracy “improvement” of the model will give not more than 5%. As a result that is important for automation control applications we have reliably received the lowest possible level for packets delay in one wireless link. For 802.11 it is of order of 0.2 ms, for 802.15.1 it is 1.25 ms and is true when application packet can be transferred by one data frame.

ZigBee technology as a wireless sensor and control network is one of the most popularly deployed wireless technologies in recent years. This is because ZigBee is an open standard lightweight, low-cost, low-speed, low-power protocol that allows true operability between systems. It is built on existing IEEE 802.15.4 protocol and therefore combines the IEEE 802.15.4 features and newly added features to meet required functionalities thereby finding applications in wide variety of wireless personal area networked systems such as home/industrial automation and monitoring systems. Although the ZigBee design specification includes security features to protect data communication confidentiality and integrity, however, when simplicity and low-cost are the major goals, security suffers. This paper gives the general survey of the ZigBee as a wireless sensor network based technology which provides the readers with the general overview of ZigBee network technology including its topology, applications and challenges.

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is latest technology for sensing and processing different physical and environmental condition data such as heat, temperature, pressure etc.WSN is the network of small sensing node and these node have capability of sensing data and communicating with base station(Sink Node).WSN also have routing capability that route the data to sink node using various routing protocol. WSN routing protocol classified into various types based on network tropology i.e. Flat, Hierarchical and Location Based routing protocol in WSN used for selecting optimal routes path in sensor network. In this paper we study about WSN and different routing protocol that are used in WSN for routes the data to destination node.[2][4]

In this paper we propose a multi-protocol gateway system based on low power wireless communications. The proposed multi-protocol gateway system was designed to allow real-time monitoring and control of the on-site situation through wired and wireless networks by gathering information for streetlight power control and environmental monitoring. The sensing data using multi-sensors with composite processing that selectively used wired or wireless communication (e.g., CDMA, Ethernet (TCP/IP), GPS, etc.) were designed to act as intermediaries that transmitted to the main server through ZigBee. Inaddition, they were designed by separating a CPU board and baseboard to ensure low maintenance cost and ease of hardware replacement. The proposed multi-protocol gateway system’s power, impact, continuous operation stability, and immunity test results obtained a normal operation success rate of over 95% and normal continuous operation results. Moreover, in the voltage drop test , instantaneous immunity test, and conductive RF electromagnetic field immunity test, it obtained an average rating result of “A". 논문 15-40-10-18 The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences '15-10 Vol.40 No.10 http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2015.40.10.2006 2006 First Author : Semyung University, School of Computer, megadriver@hanmail.net, 학생회원 ° Corresponding Author : Semyung University, School of Computer, ich410@semyung.ac.kr, 정회원 논문번호:KICS2015-07-230, Received July 19, 2015; Revised September 9, 2015; Accepted September 30, 2015 논문 / 저전력 무선통신 기반 다중 프로토콜 게이트웨이 시스템 설계

In order to meet the increasing need for quality conscience crops and to utilize the resources efficiently, the concept of Greenhouse was introduced. It assists in accurate monitoring and controlling of various parameters, in order to nurture healthy crops. In this paper efforts are made to acknowledge the problems associated with maintaining precise environmental conditions, and to implement a sophisticated system to supervise the real-time monitoring and controlling operation inside the Greenhouse. The necessity for an Automated System deploying wireless communication and remote sensing is considered. This paper illustrates the implementation of a WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) based embedded system supported by ZigBee network (over IEEE 802.15.4) for organizing Greenhouse parameters. The establishment of various topologies supported by ZigBee network viz. Star topology & Mesh Topology are illustrated. It also demonstrates the real time supervision of parameters such as temperature, humidity as well as the total power consumption of the system, along with appropriate sensors. With the help of a PC based GUI application developed on Java platform graphs are plotted to evaluate the system performance.

It is predicted that billions of intelligent devices and networks, such as wireless sensor networks (WSNs), will not be isolated but connected and integrated with computer networks in future Internet of Things (IoT). In order to well maintain those sensor devices, it is often necessary to evolve devices to function correctly by allowing device management (DM) entities to remotely monitor and control devices without consuming significant resources. In this paper, we propose a lightweight RESTful Web service (WS) approach to enable device management of wireless sensor devices. Specifically, motivated by the recent development of IPv6-based open standards for accessing wireless resource-constrained networks, we consider to implement IPv6 over low-power wireless personal area network (6LoWPAN)/routing protocol for low power and lossy network (RPL)/constrained application protocol (CoAP) protocols on sensor devices and propose a CoAP-based DM solution to allow easy access and management of IPv6 sensor devices. By developing a prototype cloud system, we successfully demonstrate the proposed solution in efficient and effective management of wireless sensor devices.

Wireless communication networks are pervading every aspect of our lives due to their fast, easy, and inexpensive deployment. They are becoming ubiquitous and have been widely used to transfer critical information, such as banking accounts, credit cards, e-mails, and social network credentials. The more pervasive the wireless technology is going to be, the more important its security issue will be. Whereas the current security protocols for wireless networks have addressed the privacy and confidentiality issues, there are unaddressed vulnerabilities threatening their availability and integrity (e.g., denial of service, session hijacking, and MAC address spoofing attacks). In this paper, we describe an anomaly based intrusion detection system for the IEEE 802.11 wireless networks based on behavioral analysis to detect deviations from normal behaviors that are triggered by wireless network attacks. Our anomaly behavior analysis of the 802.11 protocols is based on monitoring the n-consecutive transitions of the protocol state machine. We apply sequential machine learning techniques to model the n-transition patterns in the protocol and characterize the probabilities of these transitions being normal. We have implemented several experiments to evaluate our system performance. By cross validating the system over two different wireless channels, we have achieved a low false alarm rate (

With the development of wireless communication, the wireless communication technologies based on WirelessHART, WIA-PA, and ZigBee are used widely in the industrial control field. However, owing to the con-straint of capital, technology, equipment, etc., diverse network technologies have long coexisted. Delay analysis is an effective method for detecting real-time network properties in the network design phase. Currently, there is no particular method of analyzing end-to-end transmission delay in wide-area industrial heterogeneous networks. Consequently, based on wide-area heterogeneous backhaul networks with industrial control applications, end-toend delay in wide-area heterogeneous environments, including IEEE 802.11 long-distance WIFI, WirelessHART, ZigBee, and WIA-PA, is analyzed theoretically and verified experimentally. These comparative experiments show that, when the node number of an 802.11 long-distance WIFI backhaul network is greater than 25, and the data aggregation period of the gateway is less than 30 ms, the pessimism ratio is guaranteed to be within 2.3 in the network for ZigBee and within 1.5 for others. The rationale and validity of the method are proved.

Department of Information and Telecommunication Engineering, Far East University, Eumseong 369-700, Korea (Received July 27, 2015; Revised August 20, 2015; Accepted August 25, 2015) Abstract: This paper presents a ZigBee wireless communication system for remote diagnosis in overhead distribution power lines. The system is divided in three parts in the functional aspect – a host computer module, a remote controller module and a diagnostic system module. The host computer module designed as USB interface transmits control signals and receive data measured by sensor. The remote controller module operates the diagnostic system. Diagnostic system module communicates with internal main controller and host computer USB. Multiple communication channel is adopted for simultaneous operations of several diagnostic system. Dedicated protocol for each module is developed. The system is designed with a focus on low cost and small size suitable for lightweight and small diagnostic system. Keywords: ZigBee, Wireless communication, Multiple communication channel, Diagnosis, Distribution power lines #$% 최근 들어 전기의 사용량이 증가로 인하여 안정된 전력수급은 매우 중요한 문제 중에 하나로 대두되고 있다. 이를 위해 한국전력은 매년 많은 예산을 들여 선로를 점검 및 보수를 통해 예기치 못한 사고를 미연에 방지하기 위한 노력을 시도하고 있다. 현재 배전선로 부식 검출기에 대한 일부 연구가 진

The aim of this research is to develop a low power, low cost and energy efficient transceiver model which is integrated with programmable microcontroller and ZigBee transponder. A combination of programmable microcontroller with ZigBee transponder is used to control the transceiver module with computer commands. It has b een simulated for transmitting and receiving the communication signals from any movable device with more efficiently and use low power consumption. ZigBee Transponder is preferable as compared to radio frequency identification (RFID) due to IEEE 802.15.4 standard that promises stable data transmission with low power consumption device and having higher network flexibility. PIC 16F877A programmable microcontroller with coding in Mikro C software is simulated and used with computer control instructions. Series of experiments has been conducted to ensure the stability and low power consumption of this model.

Wireless Sensor Network is composed of hundreds or thousands of sensor nodes scattered in a geographical area and one or multiple sinks collecting information or transmitting it through wireless channels. Zigbee and WiMAX are the most advancing communication technologies of Wireless Sensor Network. WiMAX is a standard IEEE 802.16 based technology which supports internet access and VOIP application whereas Zigbee is the only standard IEEE 802.15.4 based technology designed to address the unique needs of low cost, low power WSNs which provide high data rate at complexity and costs. In this paper, a comparative analysis of Zigbee and WiMAX technologies is made in a 100 node network scenario, by incorporating different routing protocols and studying the affect on the QoS parameters such as throughput and PDR(Packet Delivery Ratio).

In recent years, a large diversity of network-enabled devices have been widely prevalent in home environment. With the prevalence of such devices, wireless home networks enable monitoring and control applications for home user comfort and efficient home management. In the home network, alarm signals must be delivered in real-time to the residents or to the emergency services and some home control applications require the response time to be on the order of a few hundred milliseconds for optimal user experience. Most recently, ZigBee has emerged as one of the most promising technologies for wireless home networking because it is targeted at applications that require a low data rate and long battery life, which are also the features of home network applications. However, its usage in close proximity to Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) introduces coexistence problems, resulting in failing to fulfil the response time required by the home control applications. To overcome this problem, we propose to control the WLAN traffic when there exist ongoing ZigBee transmissions and the maximum tolerable delay is not met due to the WLAN interference. We aim to guarantee that the delay experienced by ZigBee sensors (especially, for alarm signals) does not exceed the maximum tolerable delay, while maintaining as high throughput as possible in the WLANs. The simulation results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm can enhance the delay performance of ZigBee networks by mitigating the effect of WLAN interference and improve the throughput in the WLANs.

This paper focuses on implementation of Environmental air pollution monitoring and controlling system. First, the air pollution monitoring system contains sensors to monitor the interested pollution parameter in environment. Second, wireless communication modules for monitoring system were developed using wireless sensor networks technologies based on ZigBee network. And then a performance of modules was estimated in the real-fields. Finally, integrated wireless sensor board which employs dust, CO2, temperature, humidity sensor and a ZigBee module was developed. The board is embedded device based on Arm processor LPC2148. This paper accelerates the digital convergence age through continual research and development of technologies related the smart-City. Keyword- ZigBee protocol, Sensor Node, Air Pollution, CO2, temperature. I. Introduction The WSN is built of "nodes" - from a few to several hundreds or even thousands, where each node is connected to one sensor. Each such sensor node has typically several parts radio transceiver with an internal antenna or connection to an external antenna, a Microcontroller, an electronic circuit for interfacing with the sensors and an energy source, usually a battery or an embedded form of energy harvesting. There are many opportunities for using wireless sensor networks within the industries. The system is based on a smart sensor micro converter equipped with a network capable application processor that downloads the pollutants level to a personal computer for further processing. A wearable and wireless sensor system for Real-time monitoring of toxic environmental volatile organic Compound was developed. A wireless mesh network based on embedded microprocessors consisting of multiple sensors and multihop wireless communication is designed to cover a geographic area. The system monitors and transmits parameters atmospheric environment to a command center. An outdoor air pollution monitoring system using ZigBee networks for smart- cities. The system integrates wireless sensor board which employs dust, CO2, temperature and humidity sensors. An abstract model of a system based on long-range wireless communication was proposed. Most of the above air pollution and quality monitoring system are based on sensors that report the pollutants levels to a server via wired modem, router, or short-range wireless access points. In this paper, we propose a system that integrates a single-chip microcontroller, several air pollution sensors, and a wireless data acquisition unit.

In the context of the CYBERSENSORS integrated water management research project, we derive a numerical modelling approach for throughput estimation in an IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor network. We focus on the standard-compliant slotted carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance algorithm. Our approach takes into account the number of nodes in a cluster network, as well as the transmitted packet size. The configuration examined is a chain network formed by wireless sensor nodes where the first node is the source of data packets and the last is the traffic sink. Theoretical estimations are verified using the ns-2 network simulator. We also look into the 3G communication aspects of the platform involved. Hardware implementation and simulation tools are used here to derive a number of design guidelines that will define the system's architecture.

Modeling and simulation can help to validate and evaluate the performance of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) within specific applications. In order to resolve the issue of the restriction on node mobility in existing Zigbee WSN simulation models, this paper proposes a Zigbee compliant new simulation model using the OPNET simulator. Based on the Zigbee MAC layer model in OPNET Modeler, we develop a network layer model and propose an improved AODV routing algorithm to support node mobility, both of which are compatible with Zigbee protocols. We further present in details the structure of the network layer process model and the implementation procedures of its kernel functions. Comprehensive performance comparisons are performed between the proposed model and the Zigbee model in OPNET standard libraries. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model in the aspect of node mobility support, time intervals between route failure occurrence and route recovery are measured as well. The experimental results show that the proposed simulation model achieves better performance, compared to the original one. In addition, when node mobility causes routing failures, alternative routes can be established quickly by the proposed model.

Mobile robots developed at the Institute of Systems and Robotics (ISR) Coimbra feature ZigBee technology for inter-robot communication. The main aim of this paper is to implement and validate ad hoc wireless communication functions between robotic teammates using the ZigBee technology, thus integrating and developing the features of the XBee Original Equipment Manufacturer Radio Frequency module via standard Arduino Serial Commands. This work provides a useful instructive tool for research, enabling the interaction and cooperation of a team of mobile robots in areas such as swarm robotics, multi-robot patrolling, search and rescue, among others. In order to validate the functional requirements, several experiments were performed at the level of peer communication, namely: i) analysis of the Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) of messages by peers to estimate inter-robot distances for localization purposes; ii) analysis of the communication complexity in experiments with large groups of mobile robots using Zigbee communication modules and its application in a real world exploration scenario. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput. Appl. Eng. Educ. Comput Appl Eng Educ 23:733–745, 2015; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21646

In industrial applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), synchronized sampling of data on each sensor node is often required. Thus, the wireless communication protocol needs to support accurate timing synchronization. If due to a high sampling rate also high data throughput is required, WSNs based on the IEEE 802.15.4 physical layer often do not provide sufficient data rate. Wireless communications based on the well-established IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN) standard provides high data throughput but not an accurate timing synchronization unless the protocol stack is severely changed. We propose two low-complexity consensus-based synchronization algorithms for the hybrid WSN introduced, which are executable at limited embedded computing capacity, e.g., on an 8-b microcontroller. A time division multiple access-based synchronization packet broadcasting with three-step-controlled or proportional-integral (PI)-controlled clock adjustment enables 1-kHz sensor sampling rate with a sampling jitter $\mu $ s for the three-step-controlled synchronization algorithm and $ for the PI-controlled algorithm.

Zigbee is Associate in Nursing communication customary that is intended for Associate in Nursing low rate wireless personal space network, it's less price, less complexness and low power consumption in mobile device. Among the zigbee topologies, tree topologies are appropriate for low power and low price detector network as a result of is supports for power saving operation and even for the sunshine weight routing. Zigbee tree routing is IEEE 802.15.4 customary that is employed in several resources, applications and even within the restricted device. Zigbee tree routing doesn't offer any routing table and route discovery to send the packet from supply to the destination. In Zigbee tree routing, packet follows the tree topology that because the basic limitation and it doesn't offer the optimal(correct) routing path to destination .In this paper ,we planned the road tree routing(STR) protocol to decrease the routing price of ZTR with facilitate of neighbor table and conjointly scale back the overhead. The most plan is by employing a hierarchic addressing theme, the road tree routing calculate the remaining hops from discretionary supply to destination. By victimization mathematically analysis, prove that the one hop neighbor info increase overall network performance by requiring the routing path expeditiously and distributing the traffic load targeting the tree links.

Wireless sensor network is an emerging technology which consists of activities like sensing, computing, instrumenting and observing low power sensor nodes. In wireless sensor networks, maintaining the higher throughput is the main concern. Throughput of the network which is obtained from the wireless sensor network is vital issue which must be high which is measured in data packets per second in this context. The network of wireless sensors which is to be considered in this research mainly based on zigbee protocol and IEEE 802.15.4 standard and treated with cluster tree topology which is considered as a most suitable zigbee topology. The problem that sensors usually face in wireless sensor network is that when data packets are transferred from one node to another node, the throughput of the wireless sensor network decreases because of packet collisions and high network traffic. So we have proposed improved ABE mechanism which uses IEEE 802.15.4 slotted CSMA/CA to obtain the better throughput of zigbee based wireless sensor network.

This paper is concerned with the design and implementation of a ZigBee based wireless sensor and actuator networks, which has been applied in our service robot intelligent space successfully. Firstly, an overview of ZigBee protocol is given, and then the design and implementation of hardware module and software stack of ZigBee based wireless sensor and actuator networks are addressed in detail. Some representative devices are described, including environmental sensors for environmental perception, home devices controllers for device control, IMU module for abnormal behaviors detection, locating system for node localization and laser robot control for service robot navigation. Application example is described to demonstrate how the devices in ZigBee based wireless sensor and actuator networks to provide service cooperatively. Finally, we conclude this paper and discuss the future directions.

In view of the traditional measurement system is not easy to install and design shortcomings, such as volume and requires a lot of wiring, This system used STM32 microprocessor and CC2530 ZigBee wireless technology to achieve the acquisition of High-speed rotating strain, high-speed storage, wireless monitoring system. This system can be used to replace manual operation, make the test more intelligent, more convenient and more accurate. This article used the STM32F103 chips as the main control system chip, implement the collection and storage function, CC2530 ZigBee protocol implemented wireless transmission function. Acquisition module used the high-speed AD transform chip ADS1274, Four-way synchronization acquisition, which convert digital signal transmit to the main control chip, the main control chip collected data which stored in the high capacity SD card. When need data, the system get the data from the SD card by zigbee wireless transmission to the monitor software. This system used the hardware filter and software filter, join the manning window, which reduced the influence of noise and improved the system accuracy. This paper had solved the monitoring question of the high-speed acquisition structure, implemented the function which data collection, storage and remote control for the integration, according to testing, the various technical indexes reach the system requirements[1].

ZigBee is a low-rate, low-power-consumption wireless communication technology, which can be widely used in the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). ZigBee wireless network is applied to the monitoring system of gas flow meters in this paper. The design of hardware and software of the system based on Zigbee chip is given. The gas flow data is uploaded to the terminal node via RS485 serial port, and the terminal node transmits the data to the coordinator by the ZigBee wireless network, and then the coordinator sends the data to the PC by using RS232 serial port. In this way, the monitoring center can manage and analyze the data, so the real-time monitoring can be realized. It has been proved that the system has strong anti-interference ability, safe and reliable and stable operation.

ZigBee (IEEE 802.15.4) is a wireless mesh networking protocol low in cost, power, data rate, and complexity. To access Lo- cal Area Networks (LAN), 802.11b/g standard is used all over the world as Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) standard. IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and IEEE 802.11b/g Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) are often collocated, causing a coexistence. The coexistence occurs because these networks share the same 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band. A Simulation model has been introduced which completely reflects the ZigBee and WiFi coexistence. We have proposed frequency agility based interference avoidance algorithm . However, algorithm detects interference and adaptively switch nodes to safe channel for dynamically avoid WLAN interference with lower latency and energy consumption. The performance of ZigBee under WiFi is empirically evaluated in terms of the packet error rate (PER) and bit error rate (BER). The Simulation results us- ing frequency agility algorithm demonstrate that the design guideline can efficiently mitigate the effect of WiFi interference and enhance the performance of ZigBee networks.

In the next few years, the home energy management system trend of the smart home will become increasingly evident. From the application and development of recent years, the Bluetooth and Zigbee are the most valued by the industry. Of these two kinds of technology, Zigbee supports low cost and more number of nodes, and with its low power consumption, it is bound to become a major communication feature for the smart home technology. Because Zigbee SEP2.0 specification support multiple network technology features, a product can become compatible with a variety of communication methods to connect with the home network and achieve home automation of functional requirements, facilitating maximum performance of wireless applications.

This paper presents a wireless biosignal acquisition system-on-a-chip (WBSA-SoC) specialized for electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring. The proposed system consists of three subsystems, namely, 1) the ECG acquisition node, 2) the protocol for standard IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee system, and 3) the RF transmitter circuits. The ZigBee protocol is adopted for wireless communication to achieve high integration, applicability, and portability. A fully integrated CMOS RF front end containing a quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator and a 2.4-GHz low-IF (i.e., zero-IF) transmitter is employed to transmit ECG signals through wireless communication. The low-power WBSA-SoC is implemented by the TSMC 0.18-μm standard CMOS process. An ARM-based displayer with FPGA demodulation and an RF receiver with analog-to-digital mixed-mode circuits are constructed as verification platform to demonstrate the wireless ECG acquisition system. Measurement results on the human body show that the proposed SoC can effectively acquire ECG signals.

Wireless sensor network refers to a group of spatially autonomous sensors to monitoring and recording the physical conditions of the environment and organizing the collected data at a central location. MWSNs are much more versatile than static wireless sensor networks as they can be deployed in any scenario and cope with rapid topology changes. The main objective of this research paper is to compare energy efficient based routing protocol for mobile wireless sensor network and static wireless sensor network which will take into account of the efficient clustering along with location management scheme by which its reduce the re-clustering delay as well as lower the energy consumption. As the nodes are mobile, link connectivity is also addressed appropriately. Also consider other factors such as variable time slots duration for nodes at different cluster. This study has evaluated the comparison of mobile and static wireless sensor networks environment taking into consideration average energy consumed, re-clustering delay and network lifetime.

This paper proposes a scheme to obtain location and vital health information using ZigBee system. ZigBee systems are wireless communication systems defined by IEEE 802.154. In the proposed scheme, location information is obtained using the Link Quality Indication (LQI) function of a ZigBee system, which represents the received signal strength. And, the vital health information are collected from the electrocardiogram monitor, the pulse and blood pressure device, attached to the patient’s body. This information is then transmitted to an outside network by ZigBee systems. In this way, vital health information can be transmitted as ZigBee sensor data while patients with the ZigBee terminal are moving. In the experiments using actual ZigBee devices, the proposed scheme could obtain accurate location and vital health information from the sensor data. Moreover, to achieve high reliability in the actual service, the collected amount of sensor data was confirmed by the theoretic calculation, when a ZigBee terminal passed through ZigBee routers. These results indicate that the proposed scheme can be used to detect the accurate location of the ZigBee terminal. And over 99% of the sensor data on vital health information was obtained when the ZigBee terminal passed through approximately four ZigBee routers.

The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is spatially distributed autonomous sensor to sense special task. WSN like ZigBee network forms simple interconnecting, low power, and low processing capability wireless devices. The ZigBee devices facilitate numerous applications such as pervasive computing, security monitoring and control. ZigBee end devices collect sensing data and send them to ZigBee Coordinator. The Coordinator processes end device requests. The effect of a large number of random unsynchronized requests may degrade the overall network performance. An effective technique is particularly needed for synchronizing available node’s request processing to design a reliable ZigBee network. In this paper, region based priority mechanism is implemented to synchronize request with Tree Routing Method. Riverbed is used to simulate and analyze overall ZigBee network performance. The results show that the performance of the overall priority based ZigBee network model is better than without a priority based model. This research paves the way for further designing and modeling a large scale ZigBee network.

In this era of modernization, lots of systems have been introduced by which the human effort has been limited to a certain level. In this Paper a data acquisition system has been proposed for factories and industries or environment monitoring, which will measure the certain parameters like temperature, humidity, the level of gases present in atmosphere, motion of any person near the restricted areas at a time and transmit these parameters to the control room wirelessly as well as to the concerned person of the area by the latest smartphone/tablets. Through the smartphone, the person can give command to the control room in case of any parameter crosses a certain level. The data is collected from sensor nodes to the control room node using ZigBee network and then retransmit the desired data to smart phones, tabs and PCs using Bluetooth network. Sensor node contains analog output sensors like temperature, gas and Digital output sensors like sound and metal. The LCD is used to display the sensor parameters. The RF modem is used to transmit the values to the control room node using star and mesh network topologies. The control room node contains ZigBee transceiver module to receive the information and Bluetooth modem to make available the desired data to the smart phones, tabs and PCs. The ZigBee and Bluetooth network are working at 9600 baud rate and 2.4 GHz frequency in ISM band. The ZigBee nodes are capable to transmit the information upto 100meteres and for long distance communication, multi-hopping is used. Bluetooth modem is capable to transmit the information upto 30 feet distance.

This research work is implemented in ZigBee using IEEE 802. 15. 4 protocol stack, it is most widely used technique in wireless sensor network for low rate wireless personal area network. In this paper three topologies are used i. e. mesh, tree and hybrid topology. The hybrid topology is implemented by using the combination of mesh and tree topology. The data-based setup is done by changing mobile percentage of nodes. The performance of these topologies is measured using parameters throughput, MAC delay, DTR and DTS. The results quantify that hybrid topology is best among other two topologies as it provides high throughput ,high DTR and DTS. The simulation is done by OPNET modeler 14. 5.

The electrical monitoring is the most important part of industrial production, with industrial production situation of increasingly complex, also more and more high to the requirement of wireless industrial monitoring and control system. In this context strengthen monitoring system based on ZigBee wireless industry research is of great significance. Wireless electric monitoring system based on ZigBee has more advantages compared with traditional wireless monitoring technology. To strengthen the research of this technique is a necessary choice to meet the requirements of the actual industrial production. This article will revolve around ZigBee technology to explore how to enhance the level of electrical control system.

Internet of Things (IoT) represents a competitive and large market for short-range ultra-low-power (ULP) wireless connectivity [1, 2]. According to [3], by 2020 the IoT market will be close to hundreds of billion dollars (annually ~16 billions). To bring down the hardware cost of such massive inter-connections, sub-GHz ULP wireless products compliant with the existing wireless standard such as the IEEE 802.15.4c/d (ZigBee) will be of great demand, especially for those that can cover all regional ISM bands [e.g., China (433 MHz), Europe (860 MHz), North America (915 MHz) and Japan (960 MHz)]. Together with the obvious goals of small chip area, minimum external components and ultra-low-voltage (ULV) supply (for possible energy harvesting), the design of such a receiver poses significant challenges.

WiFi transmission can consume much energy on energy-constrained mobile devices. To improve energy efficiency, the Power Saving Management (PSM) has been standardized and applied. The standard PSM, however, may not deliver satisfactory energy efficiency in many cases as the wakeup strategy adopted by it cannot dynamically adapt to traffic pattern changes. Motivated by the fact that it has been more and more popular for a mobile device to have both WiFi and other low-power wireless interfaces such as Bluetooth and ZigBee, we propose a ZigBee-assisted Power Saving Management (ZPSM) scheme, leveraging the ZigBee interface to wake up WiFi interface on demand to improve energy efficiency without violating delay requirements. The simulation and prototype-based experiment results have shown that ZPSM can save energy significantly without violating delay requirements in various scenarios.

In this paper, the overview of ZigBee technology is firstly introduced. Futhermore, in order to evaluate the feasibility of voice communication over ZigBee network, this paper takes ZigBee as a wireless communication technology to investigate wireless voice communication. The results show that the voice communication based on ZigBee technology turn out to be effective.

In this paper, we present the design of an energy-saving wireless sensor network using ZigBee standard with tree network topology and the frequency band of 2.4 GHz. By choosing low power consumption components, modifying the MAC algorithm and AES cryptography, the proposed network allows users to utilize the power efficiently, provide high level of security and can be applied to a variety of applications.

The paper presents results of ZigBee communication tests performed in a specifically set electromagnetic environment, with the purpose to determine the applicability of ZigBee technology in non-critical messaging for vehicular communications. Known for its low energy consumption, the ZigBee technology might be used in background messaging for cooperative driving, with the purpose to reduce the overload on the main channels used for emergency message warning, or other critical applications. In the paper are presented the test bed, results and solutions for new approaches with usability to vehicular communications.

Low-Rate Wireless Sensor Networks (LR-WSNs) has become an active area of research in recent decades. ZigBee is a wireless standard based on IEEE 802.15.4 for LR-WSNs. Since in Zigbee networks energy is one of the most vital issues, the routing protocols must be energy efficient. By default, ZigBee uses an Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol. In AODV, broadcasting is the backbone of the route discovery process. Pure flooding is the simplest and most common broadcasting technique for route discovery in AODV routing. The obvious drawback of pure flooding is excessive redundant traffic that degrades the system performance. This is commonly known as broadcast storm problem (BSP). Sjavascript:void(0);everal schemes have been proposed to address BSP, one of them is the Channel Adaptive Probabilistic Broadcast (CAPB) scheme that adapts the rebroadcast probability dynamically to the current Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) and node density in the neighbourhood. This paper evaluates the CAPB scheme in LR-WSNs based on the IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee. The CAPB scheme is implemented in the standard AODV routing protocol to replace the pure flooding based broadcast. Extensive ns-2 simulation results show that the CAPB scheme outperforms the standard AODV and the fixed probabilistic broadcasting scheme significantly in terms of routing overhead, throughput, end-to-end delay and energy consumption in noisy LR-WSNs.

This paper describes a prototype implementation of a wireless sensor network allowing for the application of the Industry 4.0. concept. It discusses both the requirements for wireless sensor networks for industrial applications as well as ways of their development. Operating modes of wireless sensor network elements enabling implementation of the indicated requirements are described in detail. Authors also identify the main differences between the proposed structure and communication protocol and other commercially available protocols such as LoRaWAN, Sigfox, Bluetooth Low Energy, or ZigBee. The proposed solution is based on the use of wireless DASH7 protocol operating in the 433MHz band whose design framework and architecture are presented. The paper also discusses the results of DASH7 network functional tests, including the range and energy efficiency of the prototype network.

A ZigBee (802.15.4) lighting network is potentially vulnerable to interference by other wireless technologies that operate in the same Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) frequency band, such as Wi-Fi (802.11). In order to minimize the effect of external interference, nodes can dynamically adapt radio parameters, based on monitoring information about the current spectrum usage and relevant performance metrics. In this work, we provide an accurate model to evaluate the performance of a ZigBee lighting network with multiple nodes under the effect of combined interference (external interference, for example from Wi-Fi, and contention within the ZigBee network itself). The proposed model takes into consideration the ZigBee network size, the back off process and packet re-transmission attempts in the CSMA/CA mechanism, to provide performance metrics given the Wi-Fi interference pattern. We quantify external interference based on a Markov chain model. A detailed analytical model enables interference aware communication protocols to dynamically adjust the protocol parameters in order to achieve the required quality of service.

This paper compares the energy consumption used for communication in the special case of a wireless sensor network that is deployed linearly over a long distance to monitor assets such as transmission lines or pipelines. A model for energy consumption is developed based on a suitable network architecture for a linear wireless sensor network (WSN). Using the model, the energy consumption of networks based on two popular wireless communication protocols, LoRaWan and Zigbee, is compared. The results show LoRaWan has significantly better energy efficiency than ZigBee for a linear WSN.

Hundred millions of Internet of Things devices implement ZigBee, a low-power mesh network standard, and the number is expected to be growing. To facilitate an easy integration of new devices into a ZigBee network, touchlink commissioning was developed. It was adopted in the latest specifications, ZigBee 3.0, which were released to the public in December 2016, as one of two commissioning options for ZigBee devices. ZigBee 3.0 products can be used in various applications, also including security-critical products such as door locks and intruder alarm systems. The aim of this work is to warn about a further adoption of this commissioning mode. We analyze the security of touchlink commissioning procedure and present novel attacks that make direct use of standard's features, showing that this commissioning procedure is insecure by design. We release an open-source penetration testing framework to evaluate the practical implications of these vulnerabilities. Evaluating our tools on popular ZigBee-certified products, we demonstrate that a passive eavesdropper can extract key material from a distance of 130 meters. Furthermore, an active attacker is able to take-over devices from distances of 190 meters. Our analysis concludes that even a single touchlink-enabled device is sufficient to compromise the security of a ZigBee 3.0 network, and therefore, touchlink commissioning should not be supported in any future ZigBee products.

Wireless sensor network is one of the most important supporting technologies in the Internet of things, this paper studies the low power hierarchical routing protocol in the water environment. Energy is a vital problem in water environment. Wireless sensor network is composed of many wireless sensor nodes, which is a flexible and adaptive network. This paper studies the problem of low power consumption in wireless sensor networks, so as to prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we analyze the advantages and disadvantages of LEACH protocol and related protocols, and find out the best low power hierarchical routing protocol. In the water environment, has practical value in the water environment.

Water management is an important issue in economics and environment. Recently, amount of water control system has been proposed and developed. For the type of intelligent water control, the related parameters will be the input of the control system. Hence, there is a need of developing a scalable, flexible and reliable sensor network for related parameters monitoring. To install and replace water sensors in building networks, wireless connection will be the first priority. However, improper time synchronization in the network will cause packet loss and long latency which degrades the network performance. In this paper, time-synchronized ZigBee building network (TS-ZBN) is proposed for water management. The node-to-node time synchronization is proposed. The concept is to calculate the clock difference by studying the propagation delay model. The simulation result shows that the mean synchronization error and variance are low.