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Objective Neonatal sepsis remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. This study aimed to contribute to the research on whether mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) can be used as diagnostic markers of early-onset neonatal infection (EONI). Methods This case-control study was conducted with 78 neonates diagnosed with EONI compared with 78 healthy controls in the neonatal care unit of the Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Vietnam, from October 2021 to September 2022. All neonates were assessed for maternal risk factors and by clinical examination. The complete blood count including white blood cells, platelets, MPV, and PDW was performed before antibiotic treatment. Results A total of 156 neonates were included in the study. MPV and PDW were significantly higher in the EONI group (10.09 ± 0.65 fL and 10.66 ± 1.22%, respectively) compared to the control group (9.73 ± 0.75 fL and 10.19 ± 1.16%; P Conclusion The findings suggest that MPV and PDW can be considered adjuvant predictors along with WBC and PLT to establish the early diagnosis of EONI.

Mental disorders are prevalence among adolescents all over the world. However, very few information related to this area in Vietnam, where up to 20% of the total national population, have been published internationally. Therefore, this study sought for evidence of the incidence of mental disorders among Vietnamese adolescents from publications in English. The study searched for studies matching the selection criteria on online database systems and manually reviewed studies from bibliographies. A total of 2,643 studies were found. After eliminating ineligible studies, nine studies were used for analysis and evaluation. The results show that the prevalence of mental disorders among Vietnamese adolescents was quite high compared to the world. However, this number may be underestimated. Research provides evidence that there is an urgent need to develop programs and services to support mental health for this age group in Vietnam.

PurposeThis study aims to analyze the factors affecting tea-producing farmers' intention to use e-commerce exchanges (ECEs) to sell their products, combining the technology acceptance model (TAM) theory and barrier factors.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use the generalized structural equation modeling (GSEM) to analyze the intermediate model that is built on TAM.FindingsResearch results show that perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEU) significantly influence farmers' intention to use ECEs to sell their products. However, knowledge and information barriers hinder farmers' intention to use such ECEs.Research limitations/implicationsEncouraging farmers to use ECEs is the most helpful solution for agricultural economic development in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic.Originality/valueFrom an academic perspective, this is the first study that combines the TAM theory of Davis (1989) and barrier factors to analyze farmers' intention to use ECEs. The findings are valuable references for policymakers to propose strategies for agricultural economic development during the current pandemic. At the same time, the empirical results obtained from this study provide good orientations for agricultural economic development 4.0 in the future.

The paper presents the results of the development of a neutron detector for radiation protection purposes. Monte Carlo simulations, using MCNP5 code, were performed to optimize the configuration of the neutron detector. The developed detector consists of a 3He proportional counter embedded in a multi-layer moderator made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and Cadmium. The characteristics of the developed neutron detector including neutron fluence response and ambient dose equivalent response were calculated, analyzed and compared with those from other neutron survey meters. The simulation model and computed results were assessed through experimental measurements at the Secondary Standards Dosimetry Laboratory of the Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology (INST). A good agreement between the simulated and experimental results was observed within 9.3% for 241Am-Be source and four simulated workplace neutron fields.

This study examined the impact of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)’s ecosystem vitality (EV) on its agricultural exports to the rest of the world. Using a sample of the six major ASEAN countries (ASEAN-6) (including Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) and their 72 trading partners for the period 2007–2016, we found robust evidence of a positive relationship between the quality of EV and the volume of agricultural exports. At the sectoral level, the quality of EV had the most substantial effects on the ASEAN’s exports of SITC-0 (food and live animals) and exerted the least impact on the ASEAN’s exports of SITC-2 (crude materials, inedible, except fuels). This empirical evidence implies that natural resource-intensive products are more sensitive to the quality of EV. At the country level, EV has the most potent effect on the ASEAN’s agricultural exports to high-income countries and the least impact on the ASEAN’s agricultural exports to low-income countries. To promote agricultural exports, especially to high-income countries, our empirical results suggest that ASEAN countries need to build specific and effective plans for conservation of environment and management of sustainable ecosystems. JEL Classification: C33, F14, and Q56

Gold and crude oil are the influential commodities of the stock markets and real economy of the world in financial crises as well as in COVID-19 periods. However literature mainly focused on the effects of these commodities' prices only, and the volatilities in the prices of these commodities altogether with the prices got little attention. To fill in a major research gap, our study intends to estimate the dynamic relationship between oil prices, gold prices, oil prices volatilities and gold prices volatilities on the stock market of China. Using daily data over the period from 2009 to 2021, the study applied Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound test approach for the purpose of empirical estimation. Moreover, Non linear ARDL and asymmetric Causality analysis has also been applied for more comprehensive asymmetric estimation. The findings of our study indicated that gold prices and oil prices negatively affect stock market of China in the long run. In terms of implied volatility index of these commodities, study finds negative impact of price volatility of oil but positive impact of the price volatility of gold on the country's stock market in the long run. However, in the short run, only oil price and gold prices have significant effect on the China's stock market. On the basis of our findings, we recommend the investors to make rational decisions in response to the uncertainties in these markets and should consider gold as a safe haven to hedge themselves in times of uncertainty. Policymakers should take appropriate actions and adopt proper mechanisms for dealing with the quick uncertainty flow of information from the oil to the stock market.

The X-linked hyper IgM syndrome is a primary immunodeficiency disorder (PID) due to mutations in the CD40LG gene. Hyper IgM syndrome is characterized by the absence or decreased levels of IgG and IgA and normal or elevated IgM levels in serum. Affected patients become susceptible to infections such as pneumonia, diarrhea, and skin ulcer types. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only treatment currently available and ideally performed before the age of 10 years. Early, accurate diagnosis will contribute to the effective treatment for patients with hyper IgM. The patients from different Vietnamese families who have been diagnosed with hyper IgM at The Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology Department, Vietnam National Hospital Pediatrics, were performed a genetic analysis using whole exome sequencing. The mutations were confirmed by the Sanger sequencing method in patients and their families. The influence of the mutations was predicted with the in silico analysis tools: PROVEAN, SIFT, PolyPhen-2, and MutationTaster. In this study, two novel mutations (p.Thr254fs and p.Leu138Phe) in the CD40LG gene were found in Vietnamese patients with X-linked hyper IgM syndrome. Our results contribute to the general understanding of the etiology of the disease and can help diagnose the different forms of PID.

This study is aimed to bring baby clam broth (BCB) into antioxidant proteolysate utilizing enzymatic hydrolysis. Chemical compositions of BCB were firstly analyzed, followed by investigating the effects of enzymatic hydrolysis parameters involving in enzyme type, pH, temperature, enzyme:substrate (E:S) ratio and hydrolysis time on antioxidant of BCB proteolysate. It can be seen from the result that the BCB owned the moisture content, protein content, lipid content, and ash content of 97.55±0.89%, 1.52±0.16%, 0.09±0.02%, and 0.37±0.04%, respectively. The BCB proteolysate, under the hydrolysis condition including Flavourzyme, pH 7, 50°C, E:S ratio of 5 U/g protein and hydrolysis time of 50 min, exhibited the highest 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cation ratio (ABTS●+) scavenging activity of 770.67±28.33 µM Trolox Equivalent (µM TE) (7.1 and 2.5 times lower than those of vitamin C and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), in order) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value of 245.26±7.37 µM TE (11.6 and 4.0 folds lower than those of vitamin C and BHT, respectively). This study suggests a new use of the BCB, antioxidant proteolysate which could be applied as a functional food or natural antioxidant additive, substituting for synthetic compounds.

This study aims at quantifying the determinants of Vietnam’s potential exports to the EU, taking agricultural commodities as a case study. In order to achieve this, we employed a stochastic frontier analysis to estimate Vietnam’s potential agricultural exports, and a system GMM approach to analyze the determinants of the estimated potential agricultural exports of Vietnam. The results showed that Vietnam’s potential agricultural exports to the EU have been high and on an upward trend. In addition, factors such as financial market development, trade freedom, technological readiness, and labor freedom have positive impacts on Vietnam’s potential agricultural exports to the EU. Measures to improve the financial market development, remove trade barriers, increase technological capability, and promote labour freedom are strongly suggested in order to enable Vietnam’s agricultural exports to attain its maximum level.

Hội chứng ngưng thở tắc nghẽn khi ngủ (NTTNKN) là dạng phổ biến nhất của rối loạn hô hấp trong khi ngủ. NTTNKN ở trẻ em được coi là một trong những nguyên nhân gây ra các vấn đề sức khỏe nghiêm trọngở trẻ em. Bệnh thường gặp ở trẻ từ 2- 8 tuổi và liên quan với sự phát triển của mô bạch huyết quanh đường hô hấp trên ở trẻ em. Đặc biệt NTTNKN rất thường gặp ở trẻ em bị hen phế quản (HPQ).Các nghiên cứu gần đây cho thấy HPQ và NTTNKN đều là bệnh lý viêm đường hô hấp trên và đường hô hấp dưới. Các triệu chứng tắc nghẽn của 2 bệnh này có thể giống nhau gây khó khăn cho việc chẩn đoán và điều trị. Hơn nữa, NTTNKN có thể ảnh hưởng đến hiệu quả kiểm soát HPQ, và ngược lại, mức độ nặng của hen làm tăng biểu hiện NTTNKN. NTTNKN là bệnh đồng mắc và là yếu tố nguy cơ của bệnh hen khó trị. Ở những trẻ HPQ, thầy thuốc lâm sàng cần chẩn đoán sớm NTTNKN và điều trị kip thời khi trẻ có những dấu hiệu nghi ngờ.

Background: The Asia Pacific Society for Immunodeficiencies (APSID) conducted nine primary immunodeficiency (PID) Schools in 5 years since inauguration to provide PID care training for early career physicians in Asia Pacific, a region with divergent needs in PID resources and training. Objective: To identify differences in PID patient care resource and training needs across Asia Pacific and propose a corresponding action plan. Methods: The Human Development Index (HDI) indicates the degree of socio-economic development in each country/region. Information related to investigations and learning issues were extracted from the abstracts and personal statements from all Schools and mapped onto resource and training needs. Correlations between HDI and country/region-specific parameters were tested by two-tailed Pearson correlation. Results: A total of 427 abstracts were received in nine Schools between 2015 and 2020, predominantly on immunodeficiencies affecting cellular and humoral immunity. Genetic confirmation was described in 61.8% of abstracts, and its absence negatively correlated with HDI (r = -0.696, p = 0.004). Essential immunologic and genetic tests were not available in 25.4 and 29.5% of abstracts, respectively, and their absence negatively correlated with HDI (r = -0.788, p < 0.001; r = -0.739, p = 0.002). HDI positively correlated with average testing level (r = 0.742, p = 0.002). Cases from medium-HDI countries/regions focused on learning how to investigate a patient for PIDs in cases of severe or atypical infections, whereas those from very-high-HDI countries/regions, from which most faculty members originated, listed hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and gene therapy, newborn screening, and research as learning issues more frequently. Conclusion: There are unique HDI-related PID resource and training needs in each country/region. APSID proposes HDI group-specific strategies to improve PID care and education in her member countries/regions. Further quantitative analysis of needs in PID care in Asia Pacific is needed for lobbying governments to increase their support for PID care and research.

In the Camau Peninsula, groundwater is an important freshwater source, which has been being exploited and used widely, playing a very important role in the progress of socio-economic development in the localities in the Peninsula. However, due to the local natural characteristics, the law of distribution of good quality water is complicated by the presence of saltwater layers in the aquifers, causing many difficulties in the exploitation and usage of the fresh groundwater. The paper uses data collected from the studies of specialized agencies and localities that have been implemented so far. The study results show that potential groundwater exploitation reserve is 11,340,100m3/day and secure exploitable groundwater reserve is 741,500m3/day for the entire Camau Peninsula.

It has been empirically observed in deep learning that the training problem of deep over-parameterized neural networks does not seem to have a big problem with suboptimal local minima despite all hardness results proven in the literature. In many cases, local search algorithms such as (stochastic) gradient descent frequently converge to a globally optimal solution. In an attempt to better understand this phenomenon, this thesis studies sufficient conditions on the network architecture so that the landscape of the associated loss function is guaranteed to be well-behaved, which could be favorable to local search algorithms. Our analysis touches upon fundamental aspects of the problem such as existence of solutions with zero training error, global optimality of critical points, topology of level sets and sublevel sets of the loss. Gaining insight from this analysis, we come up with a new class of network architectures that are practically relevant and have a strong theoretical guarantee on the loss surface. We empirically investigate the generalization ability of these networks and other related phenomena observed in deep learning such as implicit bias of stochastic gradient descent. Finally, we study limitations of deep and narrow neural networks in learning connected decision regions, and draw connections to adversarial manipulation problems. Our results and analysis presented in this thesis suggest that having a sufficiently wide layer in the architecture is not only helpful to make the loss surface become well-behaved but also important to the expressive power of neural networks. Es wurde empirisch beobachtet, dass beim Trainieren von überparametrisierten tiefen, neuronalen Netzen keine Probleme mit lokalen Minima auftreten, trotz den Schwerheits-Resultaten in der Literatur. In vielen Fällen konvergieren lokale Suchalgorithmen wie (stochastischer) Gradientenabstieg oft zu einer global optimalen Lösung. In einem Versuch dieses Phänomen besser zu verstehen, diskutiert diese Arbeit hinreichende Bedingungen an die Netzwerkarchitektur, so dass die Funktionslandschaft der assozierten Verlustfunktion sich garantiert gut verhält, was günstig für lokale Suchalgorithmen ist. Unsere Analyse bezieht sich auf grundlegende Aspekte des Problems wie z.B. Existenz von Lösungen mit null Trainingsfehlern, globale Optimalität der kritischen Punkte und Topologie der Niveau- und Unterniveau-Mengen der Verlustfunktion. Aus den in dieser Analyse gewonnenen Erkenntnisse entwickeln wir eine neue Klasse von Netzwerkarchitekturen, die praxisrelevant sind und die starke theoretische Garantien über die Oberfläche der Verlustfunktion erlauben. Wir untersuchen empirisch die Generalisierungsfähigkeit dieser Netzwerke und anderer verwandter Phänomene, die beim tiefen Lernen beobachtet wurden, wie z.B. der implizite Bias des stochastischen Gradientenabstiegs. Weiter diskutieren wir Einschränkungen tiefer und schmaler neuronaler Netze beim Lernen von miteinander verbundenen Entscheidungsregionen und stellen eine Verbindung zum Problem der bösartigen Manipulation her. Unsere Ergebnisse und Analysen, die in dieser Arbeit vorgestellt werden, legen nahe, dass eine ausreichend breite Schicht in der Architektur nicht nur hilfreich ist, damit die Verlustoberfläche wohlbehalten ist, aber auch wichtig ist für die Ausdrucksstärke von neuronalen Netzen.