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Background Human papillomavirus (HPV)–attributable oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-OPC) incidence is increasing in many high-income countries among men. Factors associated with oral HPV persistence, the precursor of HPV-OPC, are unknown. Data from the HPV Infection in Men (HIM) Study, which followed participants >7 years, were utilized to examine rates of persistence and associated factors. Methods Oral gargle samples from 3095 HIM study participants were HPV genotyped using the SPF10 PCR-DEIA-LiPA25 assay (DDL Diagnostic Laboratory). Oral HPV persistence for individual and grouped high-risk HPV types among 184 men positive for any high-risk HPV at their oral baseline visit was assessed at 6-month intervals. Factors associated with grouped high-risk HPV/HPV16 persistence were examined using logistic regression. Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed to examine median time to HPV clearance overall, and by selected risk factors. Results Among the 7 HPV vaccine types, HPV33 had the longest median duration (7.6 months) followed by HPV16 and HPV45 (6.4 months). 10–30% of oral high-risk HPV infections persisted ≥24 months. Six months’ persistence of oral high-risk HPV infections was positively associated with age and gingivitis and negatively with lifetime number of sexual partners, while 12 months’ persistence was only inversely associated with lifetime number of sexual partners. Oral HPV16 persistence was positively associated with baseline HPV16 L1 antibody status. Conclusions Eighteen percent of HPV16 infections persisted beyond 24 months, potentially conferring higher risk of HPV-OPC among these men. Older age appears to be an important factor associated with oral high-risk HPV persistence. More studies among healthy men are required to understand the progression of oral HPV infection to HPV-OPC., Among 184 men with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the HIM study, HPV clearance was associated with younger age, absence of gingivitis, and higher lifetime number of sexual partners; HPV16 clearance was associated with absence of HPV16 L1 antibodies.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Research suggests that periodontal tissue might serve as a reservoir for oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, while another hypothesis is that chronic inflammation of the tissue might perpetuate an infection with oral HPV infection. In this narrative review, we summarize the evidence related to a potential association between oral HPV infection and periodontitis. RECENT FINDINGS: Twelve articles were identified, and their key findings summarized. Studies vary in sample size, study population, study design, and methods for assessment of oral HPV and periodontitis. Although results are conflicting and still inconclusive, various studies have found an association between oral HPV infection and periodontitis, which is supported by biological plausibility. SUMMARY: Future longitudinal studies should further evaluate this association, using clinical definitions of oral HPV infection and periodontitis, and focusing on high-risk populations for oral HPV infection. Studying this association is important since periodontitis might help identify at-risk individuals for oral HPV infection and potentially HPV-related oropharyngeal cancers

Background: The incidence of HPV positive oropharyngeal cancer is increasing in Taiwan. Given this, it is critical to understand the prevalence of oral HPV infection since this cancer is potentially preventable. A community-based study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of oral HPV infection and sexual behavior changes. Methods: Between January and December 2016, 100 subjects between 20 and 70 years-old with current/ever betel nut chewing or current cigarette smoking visited the Department of Health, New Taipei City. Subjects with cancer history or known HIV/AIDS were excluded. Sexual behavior information was collected through a questionnaire. Oral rinse samples and oropharyngeal swabs were obtained for HPV genotyping using the EasyChip HPV genotyping array (King-Car, Taiwan). Results: 92 men and 8 women were recruited. The prevalence of oral HPV infection was 3%, present between 60 and 70 (11%) and between 30 and 40 years old (4%). The prevalence of the first sexual contact at younger than 20 years old were 71.4%, 53.6%, 15.4% and 44% in

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is highly prevalent in the sexually active population. This study estimates the prevalence of HPV DNA in anal and oral samples from a cohort of men and women with incident anogenital warts. Anal and/or oral samples from 541 patients with anogenital warts were tested for 35 HPV genotypes using a PCR assay. The overall prevalence of anal HPV and oral HPV DNA was 59.9% (n = 305/509; 95% confidence interval (CI) 55.6-64.1%) and 14.5% (n = 78/538; 95% CI 11.8-17.7%), respectively. Among patients with perianal warts, the anal HPV DNA prevalence was 92.3% (95% CI 87.0-95.5%). Anal HPV DNA prevalence in patients with genital warts but no perianal warts was 55.7% (95% CI 50.6-60.7%). Both anal and oral HPV infections were more common in men who have sex with men than in heterosexual men (90.4% versus 38.5% and 20.8% versus 11.8%, respectively). Anal high risk-HPV infection was more common in women (58.8%) and in men who have sex with men (67.7%). We found that anogenital warts represent a clinical marker for both anal and oral HPV infections, including anal high risk-HPV infections, particularly among women and men who have sex with men.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has implicated in the development of some of the oral/oropharyngeal cancers. However, controversy still exists regarding the prevalence of oral HPV (OHPV) and its risk factors. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and variables of OHPV infection in a healthy Iranian population. This study evaluated 300 oral rinse samples. Following the oral and dental examination of participants and filling out a self-administered questionnaire; samples collected by swishing and gargling 0.09% saline. The viral DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction and HPV genotyping then performed. Prevalence of OHPV DNA/OHPV+ infection and OHPV genotypes was 12% and 1% (two cases of HPV6 and one case of HPV53), respectively. Comparison of variables between OHPV+ and OHPV- groups revealed that only income (P = .045), number of cigarettes smoked per day (P = .002), and number of teeth in the mouth (P = .005) were significantly different between the two groups. In conclusion, prevalence of OHPV+ infection and its genotypes were very low in our healthy Iranian population, and its association was not significant with the majority of suggested risk factors. Further studies with a larger sample size are recommended to determine OHPV infection risk factors.

A subgroup of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) are causally linked to infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs). To evaluate the prevalence of simultaneous oral HPV infection in females with cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), tonsillar- and cervical smears were collected simultaneously from 73 patients and analyzed for HPV using two commercial assays, PapilloCheck (Greiner-Bio-One) and Linear Array (Roche). Only 3/73 (4.1%) tonsillar smears were HPV positive (HPV+), with HPV types 16, 35, and 45, respectively, detected by both assays (100% agreement). Concordant results were also found in 60/66 (91%) evaluable cervical smears. Of specimens, positive by both assays, typing results completely coincide in 71% (all types are identical) and partially coincide in 27% (at least one type is identical). Taken together, results of HPV detection and typing by PapilloCheck and Linear Array are highly congruent and confirm the low prevalence of HR-HPV in tonsillar smears of patients with HSIL of the uterine cervix. Our data indicate low prevalence of oropharyngeal HPV infection in patients with high-grade cervical dysplasia. The low detection rate was confirmed by using two different commercial assays with largely consistent results of HPV detection and typing, but with some variation for particular HPV types. Comparative testing of larger numbers is required to identify the HPV types prone to escape detection with particular assays.

OBJECTIVES The incidence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas is increasing. Oral HPV infection is acquired through oro-genital contact. We examined the association between barrier use during oro-genital sex and oral HPV 16/18 prevalence in HPV unvaccinated individuals. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of individuals aged 18-59 years with a history of oro-genital sex was conducted using National Health and Nutrition Assessment Survey (NHANES) from 2009 to 2014. Multivariable logistic regression models were adjusted for gender, total number of oro-genital sex partners, smoking status, and alcohol consumption. Using NHANES sample weights, analysis was weighted for national representation. RESULTS Sample of 4,357 individuals represented 68,680,333 individuals nationally. 6.6% reported always or usually using a barrier during oro-genital sex, and 1.3% were positive for oral HPV 16/18 infection. In the adjusted analysis, barrier users were less likely to be oral HPV 16/18 positive, as compared to those who did not report using a barrier (RR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.04-0.97; p

Purpose The incidence of human papilloma virus (HPV)–positive oropharyngeal cancers has risen rapidly in recent decades among men in the United States. We investigated the US population–level effect of prophylactic HPV vaccination on the burden of oral HPV infection, the principal cause of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of men and women 18 to 33 years of age (N = 2,627) within the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2014, a representative sample of the US population. Oral HPV infection with vaccine types 16, 18, 6, or 11 was compared by HPV vaccination status, as measured by self-reported receipt of at least one dose of the HPV vaccine. Analyses accounted for the complex sampling design and were adjusted for age, sex, and race. Statistical significance was assessed using a quasi-score test. Results Between 2011 and 2014, 18.3% of the US population 18 to 33 years of age reported receipt of at least one dose of the HPV vaccine before the age of 26 years (29.2% in women and 6.9% in men; P < .001). The prevalence of oral HPV16/18/6/11 infections was significantly reduced in vaccinated versus unvaccinated individuals (0.11% v 1.61%; Padj = .008), corresponding to an estimated 88.2% (95% CI, 5.7% to 98.5%) reduction in prevalence after model adjustment for age, sex, and race. Notably, the prevalence of oral HPV16/18/6/11 infections was significantly reduced in vaccinated versus unvaccinated men (0.0% v 2.13%; Padj = .007). Accounting for vaccine uptake, the population-level effect of HPV vaccination on the burden of oral HPV16/18/6/11 infections was 17.0% overall, 25.0% in women, and 6.9% in men. Conclusion HPV vaccination was associated with reduction in vaccine-type oral HPV prevalence among young US adults. However, because of low vaccine uptake, the population-level effect was modest overall and particularly low in men.

Objectives To estimate the association of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with oral lichen planus (OLP) and/or oral leukoplakia (OLK), and determine risk cofactors. Study Design Seven databases were searched for case-control or cross-sectional studies of OLP and OLK with healthy controls, published between 1976 and 2020. The Meta package of R software was applied to calculate the pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval [CI]. Results Thirty-six articles were finally included. OLP and OLK cases had a higher association of HPV infection than controls (OLP: OR: 4.91, 95% CI: 2.76-8.72; OLK: OR: 2.51, 95% CI: 1.55-4.07). In subgroup analyses, the OR of HPV infection was higher with erosive lesions than with non-erosive lesions (OLP: OR: 5.36 and 3.47, respectively; OLK: OR: 3.34 and 3.21, respectively). Oral lesions were more strongly associated with HPV16/18 than with HPV6/11 (OLP: OR: 7.84 and 1.42, respectively; OLK: OR: 6.05 and 1.87, respectively), and varied by geographic region (OLP: OR: 4.01-7.02; OLK: OR: 1.46-27.13). Conclusions Oral HPV infection, particularly infection with HPV 16/18, was strongly associated with OLP and OLK. Risk cofactors included erosive lesions, and geographic region.

Introduction Special needs population have barriers accessing healthcare, higher incidence of sexual assaults and lower sexual education. Due to the above this study was conducted- 1) To assess the current prevalence of oral HPV infection among individuals with SHCN (special health care needs) as compared to the general population and 2) To compare the prevalence of HPV vaccination in SHCN individuals (within the recommended age groups) to general population. Methods This data was obtained from NHANES 2013-14 and included 665 individuals with special needs. Weighted prevalence estimates and prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated for oral HPV infection by gender, age (18–59 years), race, smoking history, economic status, and sexual behavior. Prevalence rates were calculated for HPV vaccination. Results Oral HPV was detected in 9% (7.1–11.5; p = 0.05) of special needs adults. High-risk HPV genotypes prevalence was also higher among adults with special needs [5.56% (3.9–7.9) vs 3.87% (2.7–5.4)]. The HPV vaccination rates among 9–26 years special needs females (33.5% vs 37%) and males aged 9–21 years (16.7% vs 21.2%) with special needs was lower than non-special needs individuals. Conclusion There is higher burden of oral HPV infection among adults with special needs compared to general population. Contrastingly, lower vaccination rates were observed among them within the recommended age groups. Further studies are required to determine the barriers to HPV vaccination among individuals with special needs., Highlights • The prevalence of Oral HPV infection is higher among the adults with special health care needs. • Individuals with Special health care needs have lower uptake of HPV vaccination with in the recommended age groups, compared to the general population. • Males are more likely to have high-risk Oral HPV infection and lower vaccination rates compared to females.

Objective To assess the prevalence and type distribution of oral human papillomavirus (HPV) among renal transplant recipients (RTRs) and healthy controls and to examine risk factors for oral HPV among RTRs. Materials and methods During 2016-2017 we recruited 250 RTRs and 250 controls. Oral samples were tested for HPV DNA with INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Extra II. All participants answered a questionnaire on lifestyle and sexual behaviour, and characteristics of RTRs were obtained from medical files. We assessed prevalence and type distribution of oral HPV. Using logistic regression, the risk of oral HPV and risk factors for oral HPV among RTRs were estimated as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Overall, 30 RTRs (12.1%) and 26 controls (10.4%) were oral HPV positive (OR = 1.14; 95% CI: 0.64-2.05). Female RTRs tended to have a higher oral HPV prevalence than controls (OR = 1.73; 95% CI: 0.63-4.77), while no difference was observed among men. HPV51 was the commonest genotype. Sexual behaviour tended to be associated with oral HPV among RTRs. Conclusions There was no overall difference in oral HPV prevalence between RTRs and controls, but female RTRs tended to have a higher prevalence of oral HPV than controls.

Introduction/Background The human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause premalignant and malignant tumors in the anogenital and oropharyngeal regions. Methodology A total of 718 immunocompetent women were enrolled in the study. The high-risk (HR) group consisted of 473 patients with biopsy-confirmed high-grade cervical lesion while the low-risk (LR) group consisted of other 245 women. All participants completed an anonymous self-administered questionnaire and were subjected to cervical, anal, and oral HPV genotyping using the Linear array HPV test. Results A total of 81.4% women were infected in the cervix, 43.3% in the anus, and 2.7% in the oral cavity in the HR group in comparison with only 26.9%, 24.5%, and 1.4% in the low-risk LR group, respectively. The cervical and anal HPV infections were much more frequent in the HR patients (p Conclusion All HPV infections occurred more often in HR than in LR women but not all results were statistically significant. The genotype HPV 16 was found in approximately half of all infections at all sites. Disclosure This study has been supported by Charles University in Prague (UNCE 204065) and by Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, grant nr. 17-32030A.

Objective Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major risk factor for cervical cancer and may also be related to development of oral cancer. The objective of this study was to provide updated information regarding association between oral HPV prevalence and smoking in people without oral cancer. Methods We systematically reviewed 29 studies which reported the prevalence of oral HPV infection that included 22,756 subjects (age range 2-89 years) and were published from January 2012 to June 2015. Additionally, we investigated oral HPV16 prevalence by PCR using type specific primer in 256 patients who visited Hiroshima University Hospital from 2014 to 2018. The study design was approved by the Ethical Committee of Hiroshima University. Results The prevalence of overall HPV was considerably higher in males who had sex with males (12.2%) as compared to heterosexual men (4.7%) and women (2.9%). A meta-analysis revealed a significant statistical association of sexual behavior and smoking with oral HPV infection (OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.51-2.39, P

HPV clinical manifestations have their characteristics modified by the use of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), although its incidence is unaffected by cART. We report an unusual presentation of oral HPV infection and discuss an effective treatment for disseminated HPV lesions. A 52-year-old male of Asian-origin, HIV-seropositive, presented with extensive nodular lesions throughout the oral mucosa extending to the oropharyngeal region. Biopsy followed by histopathological examination and HPV genotyping were performed. The treatment was initiated with topical application of podophyllin and trichloroacetic acid. HPV lesions in oral mucosa are generally easy to handle. Extensive lesions can make it difficult to choose an effective treatment that meets the patient’s particularities and medication availability.

To estimate changes in oral human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence attributable to vaccination vs herd immunity, this national survey study uses National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data to compare oral HPV prevalence for 4 types targeted by HPV vaccine and 33 nonvaccine types in unvaccinated US adults aged 18 to 59 years from 2009 to 2016.

Objectives To investigate the differences in oral HPV infection and sexual behaviors by race in the US. Materials and methods We analyzed data from the 2011-2014 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey during which participants aged 18-69 years completed oral rinse exam for HPV detection (n = 8,229). Logistic regression was used to examine the associations of race with various types of oral HPV infection and sexual behaviors. Results The prevalence of overall oral HPV infection and HPV type16 infection was 7.5% [95% CI: 6.6-8.4] and 1.1% [95% CI: 0.7-1.3], respectively. Blacks were more likely to have any oral HPV infection [OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.01-1.47] and Asian Americans were less likely to have any oral HPV infection [OR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.24-0.49] than Whites. In a multivariate model, Whites were less likely to have any oral HPV infections than Blacks while having higher order of impact by the number of lifetime sex partners. Overall, Asian Americans were less likely to have type16 infection [OR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.06-0.67] than Whites; however, that difference disappears when adjusting for sexual behaviors. Conclusions In this nationally representative sample of US adults, the prevalence of overall oral HPV infections was higher among Blacks and lower among Asians in comparison to Whites. Further analysis with sexual behavior data suggested that the racial differences in prevalence are likely due to different sexual behaviors.

Objectives Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection drives carcinogenesis in the oropharynx. No standard sampling or HPV detection methods for evaluating oropharyngeal HPV infection exist. The prevalence of oral HPV infection in Japan is unknown. Materials and methods We examined 435 healthy Japanese individuals to address whether adding tonsillar washing to oral gargling would improve HPV detection. We compared HPV assessment using GENOSEARCH HPV31 versus nested PCR and direct sequencing. Associations between HPV infection and demographic and behavioral characteristics were examined. Results Most participants who were HPV-positive based on oral gargles were also HPV-positive based on tonsillar washings: 11 (64.7%) of 17 on nested PCR and 12 (70.6%) of 17 on GENOSEARCH HPV31. Although HPV infection was more prevalent in oral gargles followed by tonsillar washings than in oral gargles alone, the difference was not statistically significant (nested PCR, 4.8% vs. 3.9%, P = 0.46; GENOSEARCH HPV31, 5.3% vs. 3.9%, P = 0.33). The overall agreement between nested PCR and GENOSEARCH HPV31 was 98.6%, with 76.0% positive agreement. The overall prevalence of oral HPV infection in Japan was 5.7% (95% confidence interval, 3.9–8.3%). Men had a significantly higher prevalence of oral HPV infection than women (8.3% vs. 2.6%, P = 0.02). Infection increased with number of lifetime sexual partners (P Conclusion The oropharynx is probably the major source of HPV-infected cells in oral gargles. Oral gargling could be a standard sampling method for evaluating oropharyngeal HPV infection. GENOSEARCH HPV31 could be an option for oral HPV detection.

Background The incidence of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer is increasing substantially, especially among men. Our goal was to assess quantitative HPV16 and HPV18 detection in oral rinses obtained in dental offices in Seattle, Washington. Methods We evaluated 15,313 oral rinses collected for during routine dental visits from 11/2016 to 11/2018. Multiplex Taqman qPCR was utilized to determine HPV16 and HPV18 viral load (VL). Results In persons with a single sample, oral HPV was detected in 152(1%) persons: 127(0.83%) were HPV16 positive and 25(0.16%) were HPV18 positive. HPV16 was detected in 1.4% of men; the median age was 55 and median VL was 39.7 (range 0.1 - 589855.2 copies/mL). Only 0.4% of samples were HPV16 positive in women (median age 48, median VL 1.08, range 0.01 - 825 copies/mL). HPV18 was detected in 13(0.18%) men and 12(0.14%) women. A second oral rinse was collected in 628 persons (mean 6 months apart): 581 were HPV negative at baseline and only one became HPV16 positive at second rinse, 39 were HPV16 positive at baseline and 13 remained HPV16 positive at the second rinse, and 8 were HPV18 positive at baseline and 2 remained HPV18 positive at subsequent rinse. Patients with consecutive positive tests were all men and had higher baseline median VL (385 vs 0.90 HPV16 copies/mL; 24 vs 0.80 HPV18 copies/mL) compared to those with first positive and second negative samples. Conclusion Oral rinse is an acceptable method of HPV testing and patients seen for routine dental care are interested in testing. Comparable to published studies, oral HPV was more frequent among men than women, especially at higher VL levels. HPV16 persistence was more common in those with high VL at baseline test. Future studies are needed to evaluate the feasibility of an effective primary and secondary screening strategy for oropharyngeal cancer using quantitative oral HPV detection. Disclosure No significant relationships.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection contributes to the pathogenesis of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. We estimated prevalence and six-month persistence of oral HPV infections among university students ages 18–25 years living in Valencia, Spain, during the 2012–2013 academic year. Participants provided oral rinse samples; HPV-positive subjects provided a follow-up sample. The study included 543 students; 70 (12.9%) women had received HPV vaccination. Prevalence among vaccinees and non-vaccinees were 10.0% (95% CI: 4.1–19.5%) and 6.8% (95% CI: 4.7–9.4%), respectively. All HPV infections among vaccinees were non-typeable genotypes; 59.4% of non-vaccinees had high-risk genotype infections. Follow-up samples were obtained from 36 participants; one vaccinee (whose specimen was non-typeable) and seven non-vaccinees were found to be HPV positive. Among non-vaccinees, six-month persistence was 10.3% (95% CI: 2.2–27.4%); all persistent infections were with high-risk genotypes. Our results, although subject to study limitations, may support the need to implement new public health strategies.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:28:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T15:23:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1806-83242019000100801.pdf: 252191 bytes, checksum: 6490ddaaf15fc2755a03d958665b94bc (MD5) Variable rates of HPV infection have been reported in healthy oral mucosa worldwide. The main objective of this study was to detect and genotype HPV infection in users and nonusers of drugs with clinically healthy mucosa from the Northeast Brazil. Samples from 105 patients were amplified using the primers MY09/MY11 and GP5+/GP6+, and genotyping was performed by multiplex-PCR for HPV-6/11, 16 and 18. A total of 81.9% samples were positive. Among drug users, 84.5% presented the virus and 20.4% showed multiple infections. Among non-drug users, 78.7% were positive and 13.5% had multiple infections. Limited information is available on oral HPV in Brazilian population, especially for drug users, and our results showed higher HPV infection rates in both users and nonusers of drugs. More studies and researches focused on drug users including factors like sexual behavior, nutrition and cultural habits are necessary to enhance the comprehension of this relationship, and develop preventive strategies. Universidade Federal de Sergipe - UFS Department of Morphology SE Universidade Estadual Paulista - Unesp Botucatu Medical School Department of Pathology Universidade Federal de Sergipe - UFS Department of Dentistry SE Universidade Federal de Sergipe - UFS Department of Statistics and Actuarial Sciences SE Universidade Federal de Sergipe - UFS Department of Medicine SE Universidade Estadual Paulista - Unesp Botucatu Medical School Department of Pathology

Objectives This study aimed to report the national prevalence of oral HPV infection among unvaccinated women and men aged 16–25 years who utilized the public primary care services. Methods POP-Brazil is a cross-sectional, multicentric, nationwide survey conducted between September 2016 and November 2017. Recruitment was based in 119 public primary care practices in 26 state capitals and the Federal District of Brazil. Trained health professionals conducted face-to-face interviews. Oral samples were collected with mouthwash and gargle cycles. Genotyping was performed using the Roche PCR-based linear array genotyping test. Sampling weights by sex and age were applied. Results Valid oral HPV samples were collected from 5071 (96.88%) participants; 4005 women and 1066 men. Mean participant age was 21.63 years. Overall HPV prevalence was 1.69% (n = 73, 95% CI 1.05–2.32). Thirty individuals presented at least one high-risk HPV type [0.57% (95% CI, 0.29–0.85)]. There were no associations between age, sex, sociodemographic characteristics, drug use or sexual behavior and oral HPV prevalence. Conclusion The prevalence of oral HPV infection in Brazilian teenagers and young adults is low, with no sociodemographic or behavioral correlates.

// Chaoting Zhang 1, * , Fangfang Liu 1, * , Yaqi Pan 1 , Qiuju Deng 1 , Xiang Li 1 , Zhonghu He 1 , Mengfei Liu 1 , Tao Ning 1 , Chuanhai Guo 1 , Yongmei Liang 1 , Ruiping Xu 2 , Lixin Zhang 2 , Hong Cai 1 and Yang Ke 1 1 Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China 2 Anyang Cancer Hospital, Anyang 455000, China * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Hong Cai, email: drhcai@gmail.com Yang Ke, email: keyang@bjmu.edu.cn Keywords: oral HPV, natural history, China Received: January 04, 2017 Accepted: February 20, 2017 Published: March 17, 2017 ABSTRACT The natural history of oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection which is linked with the increased incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OPSCC) has been incompletely studied. Oral swab specimens and questionnaire data were obtained bi-annually for up to 6 visits from 4314 healthy adults aged 25-69 in rural Anyang, China. HPV infection status was evaluated with PCR-based sequencing. Participants with at least two consecutive valid HPV results within the study period were included in the incidence and clearance analysis. Among 3289 participants included in this analysis (median follow-up time 18.3 months), incidence rates of mucosal HPV, oncogenic mucosal HPV and cutaneous HPV were 0.53 (95% CI: 0.39-0.73), 0.30 (95% CI: 0.20-0.46), and 4.17 (95% CI: 3.70-4.70) per 1,000 person-months respectively. Most newly acquired infections were cleared within one year. Recent practice of oral sex increased the risk of incident infection with mucosal HPV (Adjusted HR, 5.03; 95% CI, 1.16-21.73) and oncogenic mucosal HPV (Adjusted HR, 10.13; 95% CI, 2.14-48.06). Newly acquired oral mucosal HPV infections are rare and most are cleared within one year in rural Chinese. This study expands understanding of the natural history of oral HPV in countries with a lower incidence of HPV-OPSCC.

Objective: The human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause premalignant and malignant tumors in the anogenital and oropharyngeal regions. The aim of this study was to describe the association in the prevalence of cervical, anal, and oral HPV infections in high-risk patients with biopsy-confirmed high-grade cervical lesion compared to low-risk women. Study Design: A total of 718 immunocompetent women were enrolled in the study. The high-risk (HR) group consisted of 473 patients with biopsy-confirmed high-grade cervical lesion while the low-risk (LR) group consisted of other 245 women. All participants completed an anonymous self-administered questionnaire and were subjected to cervical, anal, and oral HPV genotyping using the Linear array HPV test. Results: A total of 81.4% women were infected in the cervix, 43.3% in the anus, and 2.7% in the oral cavity in the HR group in comparison with only 26.9%, 24.5%, and 1.4% in the low-risk LR group, respectively. The cervical and anal HPV infections were much more frequent in the HR patients (p

Introduction Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) attributable oropharyngeal cancers are on the rise in many countries. Oral HPV infections among healthy individuals are commonly detected using oral gargle samples. However, the optimal method for HPV genotyping oral gargle specimens in research studies has not been previously evaluated. Materials and methods Oral gargle samples from 1455 HPV Infection in Men (HIM) study participants were HPV genotyped using two different methods: Linear Array and the SPF10 PCR-DEIA-LiPA25. The sensitivity of the two tests for detecting individual HPV types and grouped HPV types, high-risk HPV, low-risk HPV, grouped 4-HPV-vaccine types, and grouped 9-HPV-vaccine-types, and the degree of concordance between the two tests was assessed. We also examined whether socio-demographic-behavioral factors were associated with concordance between the two assays. Results The sensitivity of SPF10 PCR-DEIA-LiPA25 was higher than Linear Array, with the exception of HPV 70, for the detection of oral HPV. The prevalence ratio of SPF10 PCR-DEIA-LiPA25 to Linear Array varied between 1.0 and 9.0 for individual HPV genotypes, excluding HPV 70, and between 3.8 and 4.4 for grouped 4-valent and 9-valent HPV vaccine types, respectively. There was no association between socio-demographic-behavioral factors and discordance in results between the two tests for oral HPV 16 detection. Discussion SPF10 PCR-DEIA-LiPA25 was more sensitive than Linear Array for detecting HPV in oral gargle samples. Given the growing importance of detecting oral HPV infection for research studies of oral HPV natural history and vaccine effectiveness evaluation, we recommend using methods with higher sensitivity such as SPF10 PCR-DEIA-LiPA25 for detecting HPV in oral gargle samples.

Introduction: Research on the association between periodontitis and oral human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is inconsistent. The cross-sectional association of severe periodontitis with oral HPV infection was investigated in a sample of Hispanic adults. Methods: Data from the 2014–2016 San Juan Overweight Adults Longitudinal Study (n = 740) was analyzed. Periodontitis assessment and self-collection of oral HPV samples followed the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey methodology. Periodontitis was defined using the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology definition. HPV typing was performed using polymerase chain reaction. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: 5.7% of participants had oral HPV infection and 20.3% had severe periodontitis. Adults with severe periodontitis had higher odds of oral HPV infection than those with none/mild disease (OR=2.9, 95% CI: 1.0–8.4, p

Objectives This study aimed to examine the relationships among self-reported oral health, oral hygiene practices, and oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women at risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Study Design Convenience and referral sampling methods were used in a clinic-based setting to recruit 126 women aged 18-45 years between August and October 2013. Behavioral factors were self-reported. Oral-rinse samples were tested for HPV DNA of 2 low-risk and 13 high-risk genotypes. Results A higher unadjusted prevalence of oral HPV infection was associated with poorer self-rated overall oral health ( P = .001), reported oral lesions or problems in the past year ( P = .001), and reported a tooth loss not because of injury ( P = .001). Higher unadjusted prevalence of oral HPV infection was also associated with two measures of oral hygiene: lower frequencies of toothbrushing per day ( P = .047) and gargling without toothbrushing ( P = .037). After adjusting for other factors in multivariable logistic regression models, poorer self-rated overall oral health remained statistically associated with oral HPV infection ( P = .042); yet the frequency of tooth-brushing per day did not ( P = .704). Conclusion Results corroborate the association between self-reported poor oral health and oral HPV infection. The effect of oral hygiene on oral HPV infection remains inconclusive.

Background Little is known about the association between oral and anogenital human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. Methods Oral and anal samples from 66 men who have sex with men with a history of HPV-related anogenital squamous intraepithelial lesions were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and typed for 38 HPV types. Results Prevalence of oral HPV infection was 30%, versus 82% for anal infection. Prevalence of oral and anal high-risk HPV infection was 11% and 64%, respectively. Concurrent oral–anal any-type HPV infection was found in 26% of participants, whereas concordant type-specific HPV prevalence was 5%. In multivariate analysis, number of partners from whom the participant received oral–penile sex and number of partners on whom the participant performed oral–penile sex were associated with oral HPV infection. Conclusion Oral HPV prevalence in this cohort is high, however, concordant type-specific oral–anal HPV infection was rare. Increased risk of oral HPV infection was associated with oral–penile sex. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2015

Very little is known about the natural history of oral HPV infection. Several different methods exist to collect oral specimens and detect HPV, but their respective performance characteristics are unknown. We compared two different methods for oral specimen collection (oral saline rinse and commercial saliva kit) from 96 individuals and then analyzed the samples for HPV by two different PCR detection methods (single GP5+/6+ PCR and nested MY09/11 and GP5+/6+ PCR). For the oral rinse samples, the oral HPV prevalence was 10.4% (GP+ PCR; 10% repeatability) vs 11.5% (nested PCR method; 100% repeatability). For the commercial saliva kit samples, the prevalences were 3.1% vs 16.7% with the GP+ PCR vs the nested PCR method (repeatability 100% for both detection methods). Overall the agreement was fair or poor between samples and methods (kappa 0.06-0.36). Standardizing methods of oral sample collection and HPV detection would ensure comparability between future oral HPV studies.

Objective The role of human papilloma virus (HPV) infections in oral carcinogenesis is an important topic of research in maxillofacial oncology. Nevertheless, the association between such infections in the oral cavity and the development of oral precancerous lesions remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between oral HPV infections and oral leukoplakia or erythroplakia. Study Design The case control study included 118 patients with manifest oral leukoplakia or erythroplakia, who underwent surgical biopsy, including a histopathologic grading of the lesion, and 100 control patients without any oral lesions. HPV detection was achieved with a noninvasive brush smear method (Digene Cervical Sampler, Hybrid Capture II-Test). Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the associations. Results A significant association was found between high-risk oral HPV infection and the presence of oral premalignant lesions (P = .001). Among all other evaluated parameters, only smoking showed a significant association with the presence of oral lesions. Conclusions Oral HPV infections may play a role in the pathogenesis of premalignant oral lesions.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of oral human papillomavirus (HPV) types according to race and to examine risk factors for oral HPV infection in United States adults. METHODS Using 2009-2014 data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 13 981 subjects were examined. Prevalence of oral HPV and individual oncogenic HPV types were described according to race. Multivariable logistic and linear regressions were used to examine the risk factors for infection and coinfection. RESULTS Oncogenic and nononcogenic oral HPV infections were significantly more prevalent in black subjects. Infections with oral HPV types 16 and 51 were more prevalent in white subjects, whereas HPV types 35 and 58 were more prevalent in black subjects. CONCLUSION We identified 4 oral HPV types that differ by race. Future research on HPV types (especially those that differ by race) may help elucidate their potential role in carcinogenesis and cancer disparities.

Human papillomavirus positive oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-positive OPC) is a distinct subtype of head and neck carcinoma (HNC) distinguished from HPV-negative HNC by its risk factor profile, clinical behavior, and molecular biology. Compared to HPV-negative HNC, HPV-positive OPC exhibits significantly better prognosis and an enhanced response to treatment. Recognition of the survival benefit of HPV-positive tumors has led to therapeutic de-intensification strategies aiming to mitigate treatment-related toxicities while maintaining high response rates. In this review, we summarize key aspects of oral HPV infection and the molecular mechanisms of HPV-related carcinogenesis. We review the clinical and molecular characteristics of HPV-positive OPC that contribute to its improved prognosis compared to HPV-negative HNC. We also discuss current and emerging treatment strategies, emphasizing potential mechanisms of treatment sensitivity and the role of therapeutic de-intensification in HPV-positive OPC. Lastly, we examine literature on the management and prognosis of recurrent/metastatic HPV-positive OPC with a focus on the role of salvage surgery in its management.

Various risk factors for oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infections have been described, including tobacco smoking and sexual behavior. However, less is known about the influence of oral health on such infections. The present study aimed to determine a possible association between the quality of oral hygiene and the presence of oral HPV.In a prospective analysis, the approximal plaque index (API), the gingival bleeding index (GBI), and the lifetime number of extracted teeth was determined in 187 patients. Additionally, the presence of oral low-risk and/or high-risk HPV was investigated by brush smear testing in all participants.Seventy-four patients had an API 20%, 84 participants showed an API of 20-40%, and in 29 cases, an API 40% was recorded. Ninety-six patients presented a GBI 20%, 75 had a GBI of 20-40%, and 16 showed a GBI 40%. One hundred four patients had experienced one to three extractions, and 36 had lost more than three teeth. Thirty-nine participants had a positive oral HPV testing (27 high-risk HPV, 26 low-risk HPV, 14 low- and high-risk HPV). A higher API respectively GBI and a greater number of extracted teeth were significantly correlated with the presence of high-risk HPV. The presence of low-risk HPV was significantly higher in patients with API 40% and GBI 40% (OR 7.89). Similar results were found regarding the number of extracted teeth.The present analysis confirms a relationship between the quality of oral hygiene, determined by objective markers. Thus, improvement of oral health may reduce the incidence of oral HPV infection.The present article investigates the relationship between oral hygiene and the presence of oral HPV. As a significant correlation between these two factors could be recorded, improvement of oral hygiene may reduce actively the incidence of oral HPV. Thereby, good oral hygiene may contribute oral cancer prevention.

This study investigates whether dental hygienists are routinely conducting oral cancer screenings (OCSs) as per their professional capability and responsibility. Factors that may mediate provision of OCSs, and ability to discuss sensitive topics with patients, are also examined.A pretested online questionnaire was sent via national and provincial regulatory bodies to target practicing registered dental hygienists across Canada. Analysis was conducted using statistical software.Results of 256 surveys were analysed. Sixty-four per cent of dental hygienists listed an OCS as part of their regular process of care. Except for the initial examination, respondents were significantly more likely to report being responsible for the OCS than the dentist, P.001. On average, intraoral components are inspected at higher frequencies (96%) than extraoral components (73%). Confidence in OCS technique was high (70%). The majority felt prepared by their education to conduct OCSs (60%), but those with a bachelor's degree felt more prepared than those with a diploma, P=.005. The average time to conduct an OCS is 4.09 minutes, with most agreeing there is sufficient time in an appointment (57%). Only 37% felt their education prepared them to discuss sensitive topics, level of education had no effect, P.05. Only 43% of respondents felt confident in their human papillomavirus (HPV) knowledge and comfortable discussing HPV risk factors with patients.Dental hygienists in this study are regularly conducting OCSs; however, they lack comfort discussing sensitive topics such as transmission of oral HPV, and screenings may not be fully comprehensive.

Human papilloma virus (HPV) could be found in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) with multiple clinical presentations. However, there are dysplastic intraepithelial lesions associated with HPV harboring histopathologic findings that should be differentiated from classic epithelial dysplasias. The aim of this study is to present a series of cases of HPV-associated oral epithelial dysplasia, highlighting the role of local factors. Age, gender, location site, tobacco use, alcohol habit, chief complaint, clinical presentation, chronic mechanical irritation, degree of epithelial dysplasia, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-HPV genotype were recorded. Further research is needed to address clinical aspects of HPV epithelial dysplasia and its prognosis. Oral HPV infection is not similar to cervical infection due to the presence of other factors that could modify the behavior of the virus.